CN114410994A - Based on CaO-MgO-Al2O3Method for smelting nickel-based high-temperature alloy by using refractory material - Google Patents
Based on CaO-MgO-Al2O3Method for smelting nickel-based high-temperature alloy by using refractory material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a catalyst based on CaO-MgO-Al2O3The method for smelting the nickel-based superalloy by the refractory material comprises the following steps: CaO-MgO-Al2O3Placing the refractory material crucible in induction melting equipment, and putting the nickel-based superalloy raw material into the CaO-MgO-Al2O3And smelting in a refractory material crucible in induction smelting equipment to obtain the nickel-based high-temperature alloy. The invention provides a catalyst based on CaO-MgO-Al2O3The method for smelting the nickel-based superalloy by using the refractory material can effectively prevent nickelThe oxidation pollution of the base superalloy melt melts, and the high-metallurgical-quality nickel-base superalloy is smelted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nickel-based superalloy smelting, in particular to a high-temperature high-alloy smelting furnace based on CaO-MgO-Al2O3A method for smelting nickel-based high-temperature alloy by using refractory material.
Background
The nickel-based high-temperature alloy is widely applied to turbine disks and blades of aero-engines and gas turbines, and is also a key material for manufacturing important equipment in multiple fields of petrochemical industry, thermal power nuclear power, energy conservation, environmental protection and the like. The trace elements in the nickel-based high-temperature alloy can be divided into two categories of beneficial elements and harmful elements, and oxygen exists in the nickel-based high-temperature alloy as harmful trace impurity elements in a solid solution state and oxide inclusions. Since the nickel-base superalloy generally contains a strong oxide-forming element such as aluminum, inclusions such as aluminum oxide are formed even if the nickel-base superalloy liquid contains a trace amount of oxygen. Oxide inclusions are usually the initiation sites and the propagation channels of fatigue cracks, and affect the properties of the nickel-based superalloy such as creep deformation, endurance strength and the like, so that the maintenance of low oxygen content in the nickel-based superalloy has a very important significance.
At present, a vacuum crucible type induction melting technology is mostly adopted for melting the high-temperature alloy, and a most commonly used refractory material crucible for melting the high-temperature alloy is an alumina crucible, a magnesia crucible or a calcium oxide crucible, however, the alumina refractory material crucible is easy to generate a dissolution reaction in a nickel-based high-temperature alloy melt, so that inclusions are formed, and the performance of the nickel-based alloy is influenced. The magnesia refractory crucible is easy to decompose under the vacuum condition, and oxygen is supplied to the nickel-based alloy melt to further pollute the nickel-based alloy melt. Although the calcium oxide refractory material crucible has better thermodynamic stability, the difficulty is higher in the industrial scale application process due to the easy hydration of the calcium oxide refractory material crucible.
Therefore, a method for smelting a nickel-based high-temperature alloy with high metallurgical quality is needed at present to solve the problem that a refractory material crucible such as magnesia, alumina or calcium oxide pollutes the alloy in the aspect of preparing the nickel-based high-temperature alloy by induction smelting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a catalyst based on CaO-MgO-Al2O3Method for smelting high-metallurgical-quality nickel-based high-temperature alloy by using refractory material, CaO-MgO-Al2O3The refractory material is used as a crucible material for smelting, vacuum smelting is adopted in induction smelting equipment, the smelting temperature and time are controlled, and protective atmosphere protection is adopted during smelting, so that the oxidation pollution of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy melt can be effectively prevented.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a catalyst based on CaO-MgO-Al2O3The method for smelting the nickel-based superalloy by using the refractory material comprises the following steps:
CaO-MgO-Al2O3The refractory crucible is arranged in the induction melting equipment;
putting a nickel-based superalloy raw material into the CaO-MgO-Al2O3And smelting in a refractory material crucible in induction smelting equipment to obtain the nickel-based high-temperature alloy.
Further, the CaO-MgO-Al2O3The refractory crucible is prepared by the following method:
CaO-MgO-Al2O3Mixing raw material powder of a refractory material with a binder to obtain a mixture;
ramming the mixture into a biscuit or pressing the mixture into a biscuit by cold isostatic pressing;
the crucible biscuit is baked at high temperature or calcined in a high-temperature sintering furnace to obtain CaO-MgO-Al2O3A refractory crucible.
Further, the binder is one or more of borax, paraffin, glycerol and absolute ethyl alcohol.
Further, the induction melting apparatus is a vacuum induction melting furnace, which includes:
CaO-MgO-Al arranged in openable spherical hearth2O3A refractory crucible;
the hollow copper coil is arranged between the inside of the openable spherical hearth and the periphery of the crucible, the hollow copper coil is connected with a power box, and circulating water is arranged inside the hollow copper coil;
asbestos cloth is arranged between the crucible and the hollow copper coil and wraps the bottom and the upper part of the crucible, alumina sand is filled between the asbestos cloth and the bottom of the crucible, and magnesia sand is filled between the asbestos cloth and the upper part of the crucible;
the bottom of the asbestos cloth is provided with a tray fixed inside the openable spherical hearth;
the openable spherical hearth is respectively provided with a through hole communicated with the low vacuum pump and a through hole communicated with the high vacuum pump;
the openable spherical hearth is respectively provided with an air inlet connected with a protective gas input device and an air inlet communicated with the atmosphere.
Further, the low vacuum pump is a mechanical pump, and the high vacuum pump is a molecular pump.
Further, the melting of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material by the vacuum induction melting furnace comprises the following steps:
evacuating the interior of the sealed vacuum induction melting furnace to 0-20 Pa by using the mechanical pump, and then filling protective gas to 0.01-0.08 MPa through the protective gas input device;
repeating the evacuation and inflation operations for 2-5 times;
evacuating the interior of the vacuum induction melting furnace to 0.0001-0.01 Pa by using the high vacuum pump;
heating the hollow copper coil by a power supply in the power supply box with 5-8 KW of heating power, and enabling the heated hollow copper coil to heat the CaO-MgO-Al2O3Heating the nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material in the refractory material crucible to be molten;
and heating the hollow copper coil by a power supply in the power supply box with 3-5 KW heating power, and heating and refining the molten nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material by the heated hollow copper coil.
Further, in the process of heating and melting the nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material, firstly increasing the heating power at the speed of 1-2KW/h, closing the vacuum pump when the nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material starts to melt, filling protective gas, simultaneously increasing the heating power to 5-8 KW at the speed of 5-10KW/h, and preserving heat for 0.1-0.5h until the nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material is melted into molten metal;
and reducing the heating power to 3-5 KW at the speed of 2-5KW/h, and keeping the temperature for 0.5-1.5h to heat and refine the melted nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material.
Furthermore, the melting temperature of the vacuum induction melting furnace in the melting process of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material is controlled to be 1450-1750 ℃, and the melting time is 2-15 hours.
Further, the melting temperature in the vacuum induction melting furnace is determined by observing through an infrared thermometer.
Further, the pressure of protective gas in the smelting process is controlled to be 1-9 multiplied by 104Pa。
The invention provides a catalyst based on CaO-MgO-Al2O3The method for smelting Ni-base high-temp alloy with refractory material uses CaO-MgO-Al with high thermodynamic stability2O3Melting of nickel-base superalloy, CaO-MgO-Al, in a refractory crucible2O3The refractory material is CMA material for short, and is CaAl with magnetoplumbite structure12O19And MgAl of cubic structure2O4Formed by solid solution at high temperature and containing CaAl12O19And MgAl2O4Has the characteristics of high melting point, low heat conductivity coefficient, good heat insulation and heat preservation, good thermal stability, good thermal shock resistance, excellent slag resistance and the like, is very stable in a reducing atmosphere (such as in CO), has lower wetting action on metal melt (including steel and nickel-based high-temperature alloy) and slag, and thus CaO-MgO-Al2O3The refractory material is used as a crucible for smelting the nickel-based superalloy, and the pollution of the crucible refractory material to the nickel-based superalloy melt in the smelting process can be effectively reduced.
In addition, the invention provides a catalyst based on CaO-MgO-Al2O3The method for smelting the nickel-based superalloy by using the refractory material comprises the following steps of charging CaO-MgO-Al of the nickel-based superalloy2O3The refractory material crucible is arranged in a vacuum induction smelting furnace for smelting the nickel-based high-temperature alloy, and the vacuum induction smelting process is adopted and controlledThe vacuum condition, the smelting temperature and the smelting time, and the protection of protective atmosphere during smelting are adopted, and the pressure of protective gas is strictly controlled, so that the oxidation pollution of the high-temperature alloy melt can be prevented, and the oxygen pollution amount in the nickel-based high-temperature alloy can be obviously reduced.
Meanwhile, the invention provides a catalyst based on CaO-MgO-Al2O3The method for smelting the nickel-based high-temperature alloy by using the refractory material has the advantages of simple smelting process flow, lower process parameter requirements, capability of reducing energy consumption and pollution, accordance with the requirements of green metallurgy, higher economic benefit and popularization and application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows CaO-MgO-Al-based alloys according to an embodiment of the present invention2O3A flow chart of a method for smelting nickel-based superalloy by using refractory material;
FIG. 2 shows CaO-MgO-Al-based alloys according to an embodiment of the present invention2O3In the method for smelting nickel-base high-temperature alloy by using refractory material, a crucible and a filler in a vacuum induction smelting furnace are placed in a sequence diagram;
FIG. 3 shows a crucible using alumina refractories, a crucible using magnesia refractories, and CaO-MgO-Al, which are provided in examples of the present invention and comparative examples2O3Smelting nickel-based superalloy in a refractory material crucible to obtain an inclusion area distribution map in the nickel-based superalloy;
FIG. 4 shows a crucible using alumina refractories, a crucible using magnesia refractories, and CaO-MgO-Al, which are provided in examples of the present invention and comparative examples2O3The distribution diagram of different sizes and quantities of inclusions in the nickel-based superalloy is obtained by smelting the nickel-based superalloy in a refractory material crucible.
Detailed Description
Referring to FIG. 1, an embodiment of the invention provides a CaO-MgO-Al-based catalyst2O3The method for smelting the nickel-based superalloy by using the refractory material mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1) CaO-MgO-Al is added2O3The refractory crucible is placed in a vacuum induction melting furnace.
Wherein, CaO-MgO-Al2O3Preparation of refractory crucibleThe method comprises the following steps:
(1) CaO-MgO-Al2O3The raw material powder of the refractory material is mixed with the binder to obtain a mixture.
Concretely, CaO-MgO-Al is firstly added2O3The refractory material comprises refractory material raw materials, zirconia grinding balls and absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the raw materials are as follows: grinding balls: the ethanol is added into a ball milling tank after being prepared according to the mass ratio of 2:3:0.8, and is ball milled for 8 hours on a planetary ball mill. And then drying and screening the mixture in a 120 ℃ oven to obtain powder, adding a binder into the obtained powder, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture. Wherein the binder is one or more of borax, paraffin, glycerol and absolute ethyl alcohol. As a specific embodiment of the invention, the obtained powder is mixed with absolute ethyl alcohol and stirred uniformly to obtain a mixture.
(2) And (3) ramming the mixture into a biscuit or pressing the mixture into a biscuit of the crucible by cold isostatic pressing.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the obtained mixture is filled in a self-made crucible mold, and is molded by applying 140MPa pressure and maintaining the pressure for 5min in a cold isostatic pressing device to obtain a crucible biscuit.
(3) The crucible biscuit is baked at high temperature or calcined in a high-temperature sintering furnace to obtain CaO-MgO-Al2O3A refractory crucible.
As a specific implementation mode of the invention, the obtained crucible biscuit is firstly presintered at 800 ℃ for 6h, then sintered at 1400 ℃ for 6h, then sintered at 1700 ℃ for 6h, and finally cooled to room temperature to obtain CaO-MgO-Al2O3And the temperature rising and falling speed in the temperature rising and falling process is controlled to be 100 ℃/h.
Step 2) putting the nickel-based superalloy raw material into CaO-MgO-Al2O3And smelting in a refractory material crucible in induction smelting equipment to obtain the nickel-based high-temperature alloy.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the induction melting apparatus is a vacuum induction melting furnace.
Referring to fig. 2, the vacuum induction melting furnace includes CaO-M disposed in an openable spherical hearth (the openable spherical hearth is not shown in fig. 2)gO-Al2O3A refractory crucible 7 and a hollow copper coil 3 arranged between the interior of the openable spherical hearth and the periphery of the crucible 7. Wherein, one end of the hollow copper coil 3 is connected with the power box, the hollow copper coil 3 can be heated by controlling the power supply in the power box with certain heating power, and then the nickel-based high-temperature alloy in the crucible 7 enclosed in the hollow copper coil 3 is heated by the heated hollow copper coil. For cooling, circulating water is arranged inside the hollow copper coil 3.
In addition, asbestos cloth 2 is arranged between the crucible 7 and the hollow copper coil 3, and the bottom and the upper part of the crucible 7 are wrapped by the asbestos cloth 2. Wherein, alumina sand 8 is filled between the asbestos cloth 2 and the bottom of the crucible 7, and magnesia sand 5 is filled between the asbestos cloth 2 and the upper part of the crucible 7.
The bottom setting of asbestos cloth 2 is fixed in tray 1 that can open spherical furnace inside, and tray 1 holds 2 bottoms of asbestos cloth to 7 of crucible that will wrap up in asbestos cloth 2 are fixed.
Meanwhile, the openable spherical hearth is respectively provided with a through hole communicated with the low vacuum pump and a through hole communicated with the high vacuum pump. The hearth can be vacuumized by a low vacuum pump and a high vacuum pump. And the openable spherical hearth is also provided with an air inlet connected with a protective gas input device and an air inlet communicated with the atmosphere, protective gas can be filled into the hearth through the protective gas input device, and meanwhile, the gas in the hearth can be exhausted through the air inlet communicated with the atmosphere.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the gas tank inside the protective gas input device is filled with argon as protective gas, and the gas flow rate is ensured to be stable during output.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the low-vacuum pump is a mechanical pump, and the high-vacuum pump is a molecular pump.
CaO-MgO-Al is subjected to vacuum induction smelting furnace2O3The melting of the nickel-based superalloy raw material in the refractory crucible 7 comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, a mechanical pump is used for vacuumizing, the interior of a hearth of the sealed vacuum induction smelting furnace is pumped to 0-20 Pa, and protective gas is filled into the hearth to 0.01-0.08 MPa through a protective gas input device after the optimal vacuum degree is achieved.
(2) And then repeating the vacuumizing and inflating operations for 2-5 times, and performing low-vacuum furnace washing.
(3) And after the optimal times of low-vacuum gas washing are reached, starting high-vacuum gas washing, vacuumizing the interior of the vacuum induction smelting furnace by using a molecular pump, repeating for at least 1-3 times, and vacuumizing the interior of the vacuum induction smelting furnace to reach the optimal vacuum degree of 0.0001-0.01 Pa.
(4) After the high-vacuum gas washing reaches the optimal vacuum degree, the hollow copper coil 3 is heated by a power supply in a power supply box with the heating power of 5-8 KW, and CaO-MgO-Al is mixed in the heated hollow copper coil 32O3The nickel-based superalloy raw material in the refractory crucible is heated to be molten. Wherein, in the process of heating and melting the nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material, the heating power is firstly increased at the speed of 1-2KW/h, when the nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material starts to melt, the molecular pump is closed, and protective gas is filled in, as a specific implementation mode of the invention, the pressure of the filled protective gas is controlled to be 1-9 multiplied by 104Pa. And simultaneously increasing the heating power to 5-8 KW at the speed of 5-10KW/h, and preserving the heat for 0.1-0.5h until the nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material is melted into molten metal.
(5) And then the hollow copper coil 3 is heated by a power supply in the power supply box with the heating power of 3-5 KW, and the heated hollow copper coil heats and refines the melted nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material. In the process, firstly, the heating power of 5-8 KW when the nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material is melted into the molten metal is reduced to 3-5 KW at the speed of 2-5KW/h, and the melted nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material is heated and refined after heat preservation is carried out for 0.5-1.5 h.
The melting temperature of the vacuum induction melting furnace in the whole melting process of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material is controlled to 1450-1750 ℃, and the melting time is 2-15 hours. Wherein, the melting temperature in the vacuum induction melting furnace is determined by observing through an infrared thermometer.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the vacuum induction melting stage is preferably repeated 3 times when the hearth of the vacuum induction melting furnace is subjected to low-vacuum gas washing.
AsIn a specific embodiment of the invention, the vacuum induction melting stage is preferably repeated for 2 times when high vacuum gas washing is performed on a hearth of the vacuum induction melting furnace. And the vacuum degree reached by high vacuum gas washing is 3 multiplied by 10-3Pa is the best.
In the vacuum induction smelting stage, the pressure in the furnace chamber of the smelting furnace under high vacuum is 1-8 multiplied by 10-3The pressure Pa is optimal, and the pressure in the furnace chamber of the smelting furnace under low vacuum is 1-30 Pa.
The following examples and comparative examples are provided to illustrate the invention based on CaO-MgO-Al2O3The method for smelting the nickel-based superalloy by using the refractory material is further specifically described.
Example 1
The nickel-based superalloy GH4169 is used as a raw material. Placing the nickel-based superalloy GH4169 in CaO-MgO-Al2O3Placing the crucible into a hollow copper coil in a hearth of a vacuum induction smelting furnace, and performing low-vacuum gas washing on the hearth of the vacuum induction smelting furnace for 3 times and then performing high-vacuum gas washing for 2 times to make the vacuum degree in the hearth of the vacuum induction smelting furnace reach 3 multiplied by 10-3Pa, heating the hollow copper coil by a power supply in the power supply box, and heating the nickel-based high-temperature alloy GH4169 in the crucible by the hollow copper coil. In the heating smelting process, the heating power is increased to 1.5KW at the speed of 1KW/h, and when the nickel-based high-temperature alloy GH4169 starts to melt, the high vacuum is maintained at 3 multiplied by 10-3～1×10-1Pa state. And simultaneously, the heating power is increased to 6.5KW at the speed of 5.5KW/h, and the nickel-based high-temperature alloy GH4169 is rapidly melted into molten metal. And then, refining the molten nickel-based superalloy GH4169 by reducing the heating power to 3.5KW at the speed of 2.5KW/h, preserving the temperature at 1550 ℃ for 0.5h, naturally cooling to solidify the nickel-based superalloy GH4169 in the crucible, taking out the solid obtained by solidification in the crucible, wherein the obtained sample is marked as A1.
Comparative example 1
The nickel-based superalloy GH4169 is used as a raw material. Al for placing alloy ingot in coil inside vacuum type induction furnace2O3In the crucible, the crucible is subjected to low vacuum for 3 times,2 times of high vacuum to reach 3 x 10-3pa vacuum degree, and maintaining high vacuum of 3X 10-3～1×10-1Pa state. After 6.7KW of high-power rapid melting and 3-3.4 KW of medium power refining, the crucible is cooled in the crucible after heat preservation for 30min at 1550 ℃, and a marked sample is A2.
Comparative example 2
The nickel-based superalloy GH4169 is used as a raw material. Placing the alloy ingot in a MgO crucible of a coil in a vacuum type induction hearth, and subjecting the alloy ingot to low vacuum for 3 times and high vacuum for 2 times to reach 3 multiplied by 10-3Applying power under Pa vacuum degree, and maintaining high vacuum at 3X 10-3～1×10-1Pa state. After 6.7KW of high-power rapid melting and 3-3.4 KW of medium power refining, the crucible is cooled in the crucible after heat preservation for 30min at 1550 ℃, and a marked sample is A3.
The properties of the samples of the nickel-based superalloy GH4169 obtained by smelting in the examples and the comparative examples are detected.
The oxygen content of three samples obtained by smelting in the examples and the comparative examples was measured by an oxygen/nitrogen analyzer, and the results are shown in table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, inventive example 1 uses CaO-MgO-Al2O3The refractory crucible was melted according to the melting process shown to obtain high temperature nickel base alloy sample A1, using Al compared to comparative example 12O3Crucible and comparative example 2 samples A2 and A3 of high temperature nickel base alloys produced by melting using a MgO crucible, in which the oxygen content is low, are illustrative of examples of the present invention using CaO-MgO-Al2O3The nickel-based high-temperature alloy obtained by smelting the refractory material crucible has higher quality.
TABLE 1
In the smelting process, CaO-MgO-Al is used in the invention in the embodiment 12O3The nickel-based high-temperature alloy obtained by smelting in the refractory material crucible has good purity, the surface appearance of the smelted alloy is cleaner compared with that of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, and the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is obtained by dissectingThe superalloy and crucible interface, CaO-MgO-Al was found to be significantly more wettable than the alumina and magnesia refractories to nickel-based superalloys2O3The refractory material exhibits significant non-wetting properties, which further accounts for CaO-MgO-Al2O3The nickel-based superalloy smelted by the refractory material crucible has better erosion resistance to the nickel-based alloy melt.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, it can be seen that the nickel-base superalloy prepared in example 1 according to the present invention is significantly superior to the nickel-base superalloy prepared in comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 by comparing the area distribution of inclusions and the distribution of different sizes and numbers of inclusions in the nickel-base superalloy prepared in example 1 according to the present invention, comparative example 1, and comparative example 2.
The invention provides a catalyst based on CaO-MgO-Al2O3Preparation method of high-metallurgical-quality nickel-based superalloy of (CMA) refractory material by using CaO-MgO-Al2O3The refractory material is used as a crucible material for smelting, and the oxidation pollution of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy melt can be effectively prevented by controlling the vacuum smelting process flow, the smelting temperature, the smelting time and the protective gas pressure during smelting, so that the nickel-based high-temperature alloy with high metallurgical quality can be obtained by smelting.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Based on CaO-MgO-Al2O3The method for smelting the nickel-based superalloy by using the refractory material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
CaO-MgO-Al2O3The refractory crucible is arranged in the induction melting equipment;
putting a nickel-based superalloy raw material into the CaO-MgO-Al2O3And smelting in a refractory material crucible in induction smelting equipment to obtain the nickel-based high-temperature alloy.
2. CaO-MgO-Al based according to claim 12O3The method for smelting the nickel-based superalloy by using the refractory material is characterized in that CaO-MgO-Al is adopted2O3The refractory crucible is prepared by the following method:
CaO-MgO-Al2O3Mixing raw material powder of a refractory material with a binder to obtain a mixture;
ramming the mixture into a biscuit or pressing the mixture into a biscuit by cold isostatic pressing;
the crucible biscuit is baked at high temperature or calcined in a high-temperature sintering furnace to obtain CaO-MgO-Al2O3A refractory crucible.
3. CaO-MgO-Al based according to claim 22O3The method for smelting the nickel-based superalloy by using the refractory material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the binder is one or more of borax, paraffin, glycerol and absolute ethyl alcohol.
4. CaO-MgO-Al based according to claim 12O3The method for smelting the nickel-based superalloy by using the refractory material is characterized in that the induction smelting equipment is a vacuum induction smelting furnace, and the vacuum induction smelting furnace comprises:
CaO-MgO-Al arranged in openable spherical hearth2O3A refractory crucible;
the hollow copper coil is arranged between the inside of the openable spherical hearth and the periphery of the crucible, the hollow copper coil is connected with a power box, and circulating water is arranged inside the hollow copper coil;
asbestos cloth is arranged between the crucible and the hollow copper coil and wraps the bottom and the upper part of the crucible, alumina sand is filled between the asbestos cloth and the bottom of the crucible, and magnesia sand is filled between the asbestos cloth and the upper part of the crucible;
the bottom of the asbestos cloth is provided with a tray fixed inside the openable spherical hearth;
the openable spherical hearth is respectively provided with a through hole communicated with the low vacuum pump and a through hole communicated with the high vacuum pump;
the openable spherical hearth is respectively provided with an air inlet connected with a protective gas input device and an air inlet communicated with the atmosphere.
5. CaO-MgO-Al based according to claim 42O3The method for smelting the nickel-based superalloy by using the refractory material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the low vacuum pump is a mechanical pump, and the high vacuum pump is a molecular pump.
6. CaO-MgO-Al based according to claim 52O3The method for smelting the nickel-based superalloy by using the refractory material is characterized in that the smelting of the nickel-based superalloy raw material by using the vacuum induction smelting furnace comprises the following steps:
evacuating the interior of the sealed vacuum induction melting furnace to 0-20 Pa by using the mechanical pump, and then filling protective gas to 0.01-0.08 MPa through the protective gas input device;
repeating the evacuation and inflation operations for 2-5 times;
evacuating the interior of the vacuum induction melting furnace to 0.0001-0.01 Pa by using the high vacuum pump;
heating the hollow copper coil by a power supply in the power supply box with 5-8 KW of heating power, and enabling the heated hollow copper coil to heat the CaO-MgO-Al2O3Heating the nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material in the refractory material crucible to be molten;
and heating the hollow copper coil by a power supply in the power supply box with 3-5 KW heating power, and heating and refining the molten nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material by the heated hollow copper coil.
7. CaO-MgO-Al based according to claim 62O3The method for smelting the nickel-based superalloy by using the refractory material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
in the process of heating and melting the nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material, firstly increasing the heating power at the speed of 1-2KW/h, closing the vacuum pump when the nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material starts to melt, filling protective gas, simultaneously increasing the heating power to 5-8 KW at the speed of 5-10KW/h, and preserving heat for 0.1-0.5h until the nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material is melted into molten metal;
and reducing the heating power to 3-5 KW at the speed of 2-5KW/h, and keeping the temperature for 0.5-1.5h to heat and refine the melted nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material.
8. CaO-MgO-Al based according to claim 72O3The method for smelting the nickel-based superalloy by using the refractory material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the vacuum induction melting furnace controls the melting temperature to 1450-1750 ℃ in the melting process of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw material, and the melting time is 2-15 hours.
9. CaO-MgO-Al based according to claim 82O3The method for smelting the nickel-based superalloy by using the refractory material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and the smelting temperature in the vacuum induction smelting furnace is determined by observing through an infrared thermometer.
10. CaO-MgO-Al based according to claim 72O3The method for smelting the nickel-based superalloy by using the refractory material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the pressure of the protective gas in the smelting process is controlled to be 1-9 multiplied by 104Pa。
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