CN114410992A - Smelting and casting method of aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Smelting and casting method of aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN114410992A CN114410992A CN202111501857.8A CN202111501857A CN114410992A CN 114410992 A CN114410992 A CN 114410992A CN 202111501857 A CN202111501857 A CN 202111501857A CN 114410992 A CN114410992 A CN 114410992A
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims 4
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019752 Mg2Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a smelting and casting method of aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: s1, batching: al, Si, Mg and Ti elements are mixed according to a certain ratio to obtain the aluminum alloy mixture. S2, smelting: and (4) putting the aluminum alloy ingredient in the step S1 into a smelting furnace for smelting, and after smelting, carrying out two times of continuous refining treatment and further carrying out one time of degassing treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid. S3, casting: and (4) pouring the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in the step (S2) into a mould to obtain a rough product. S4, post-processing: and (4) carrying out post-treatment on the crude product obtained in the step (S3) to obtain an aluminum alloy casting. The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, through carrying out refining twice and degassing treatment once on the aluminum alloy solution, the air holes in the aluminum alloy solution can be reduced, the operation is simple, the cost is low, the defects of air holes, sand holes, slag inclusion and the like caused by Zhujia faithful aluminum alloy can be avoided, the quality of the aluminum alloy casting is greatly improved, and the rejection rate of the aluminum alloy casting is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy casting, and particularly relates to a smelting and casting method of aluminum alloy.
Background
The casting is a technological process of smelting metal into liquid meeting certain requirements, pouring the liquid into a casting mold, cooling, solidifying and cleaning to obtain a casting with a preset shape, size and performance. Casting is one of the fundamental processes in the modern device manufacturing industry because of the near-net shape, which reduces cost and fabrication time without machining or with minimal machining.
The casting process can be divided into three basic parts, namely cast metal preparation, mold preparation and casting treatment. Cast metal is a metal material used for casting a cast in casting production, and is an alloy composed of a metal element as a main component and other metal or nonmetal elements added thereto, and is conventionally called as a casting alloy, and mainly includes cast iron, cast steel, and cast nonferrous alloy.
In the prior art, an aluminum alloy casting cast by an aluminum alloy casting process has the defects of air holes, sand holes, shrinkage cavities, slag inclusion and the like, and the rejection rate of the product is high.
Therefore, there is a need for an aluminum alloy casting method that can reduce blowholes in aluminum alloy castings.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention provides a smelting and casting method of aluminum alloy, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art and solving the problems of low casting quality and high rejection rate caused by more air holes in aluminum alloy castings in the prior art.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
a smelting and casting method of aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, batching: mixing Al, Si, Mg and Ti according to a certain ratio to obtain an aluminum alloy mixture;
s2, smelting: putting the aluminum alloy ingredient in the step S1 into a smelting furnace for smelting, and after smelting, carrying out two times of continuous refining treatment and further carrying out one time of degassing treatment to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid;
s3, casting: pouring the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in the step S2 into a mold to obtain a rough product;
s4, post-processing: and (4) carrying out post-treatment on the crude product obtained in the step (S3) to obtain an aluminum alloy casting.
In the smelting and casting method as described above, preferably, in step S1, the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy includes, by mass percent:
si: 6.5% -7.5%, Mg: 0.35% -0.5%, Ti: 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Al, and the balance of Al.
In the smelting and casting method as described above, preferably, in step S1, the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy includes, by mass percent:
impurity elements, the content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.5%:
the impurity elements include: fe: less than or equal to 0.15 percent, Zn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Pb: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, Sn: less than or equal to 0.01 percent.
In the melting and casting method, the melting temperature of the aluminum alloy in the step S2 in 2 continuous melting processes is preferably 725-740 ℃.
In the above-described melting and casting method, preferably, in step S2, the aluminum alloy batch is refined twice in succession by a refining agent refining method or a rotary air blowing refining method;
the refining method of the refining agent comprises the following steps:
heating the aluminum alloy batch obtained in the step S1 in a melting furnace, continuously adding a refining agent into aluminum alloy liquid twice for refining after the aluminum alloy is melted, wherein the amount of the refining agent added each time accounts for 0.15-0.20% of the total amount of furnace burden, and carrying out aftertreatment for 2-3min after the refining agent is added each time;
the rotary blowing refining method comprises the following steps:
heating the aluminum alloy mixture obtained in the step S1 in a melting furnace, after the aluminum alloy is melted, scattering a layer of sodium-free slag removing agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein the adding amount of the sodium-free slag removing agent is 0.4-0.5% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy liquid, removing slag for 2-3min, scattering a layer of sodium-free slag removing agent on the liquid surface for the second time, the adding amount of the sodium-free slag removing agent is 0.4-0.5% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy liquid, and removing slag for 2-3 min;
and (3) opening the sodium-free slag removing agent in the middle of the liquid surface of the aluminum alloy liquid to the periphery, and then inserting a rotary blowing refining rotor to carry out rotary blowing refining on the aluminum alloy liquid for 10-12 min.
In the above-described melting and casting method, it is preferable that, in step S2, after refining the aluminum alloy batch twice in succession, the aluminum alloy liquid is subjected to mechanical property inspection and chemical composition inspection, and after passing the inspection, casting is performed in step S3.
The melting and casting method as described above, preferably, in the rotary blow refining method, the rotary blow rotor is placed on the crucible to be preheated for 20 to 30min before refining, and argon gas is blown into the aluminum alloy liquid, the pressure of the argon gas is 0.3 to 0.4MPa, and the flow of the argon gas is 0.3 to 0.4m3And h, refining for 10-12min, standing the aluminum alloy liquid for 5-10min after refining is finished, thoroughly removing dross on the surface of the alloy liquid, and then carrying out mechanical property inspection and chemical component inspection.
In the above smelting casting method, before the pouring in step S3, the pretreatment of the pouring mold preferably includes: coating a layer of heat-conducting coating in the mold, and then preheating the mold before casting, wherein the preheating temperature is 120-200 ℃;
step S3 includes: and (4) injecting the smelted aluminum alloy liquid obtained in the step S2 into the preheated mold until the aluminum alloy melt is full of the casting mold cavity, wherein the pouring temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 710-730 ℃.
In the smelting and casting method as described above, preferably, in step S4, the post-treatment of the raw product includes: surface cleaning, heat treatment and welding repair.
In the smelting and casting method, the crude product obtained in the step S3 is preferably subjected to solution treatment, slowly heated to 530 ℃ and 540 ℃ in a quenching furnace, kept at the constant temperature for 6-10h, and then cooled in water until the temperature of the water for quenching is 5-60 ℃ and the time for quenching the crude product in the water is 12-15S.
In the aluminum alloy of the present invention, the effects of the respective elements are as follows:
si element: silicon has a higher solidification latent heat than aluminum, and therefore silicon can increase the fluidity of aluminum alloys for improving the castability of the aluminum alloys. In addition, the silicon crystal grains have higher hardness and good chemical stability, and can also enable the aluminum alloy to have higher wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Cu element: the copper element is used to enhance the corrosion resistance and mechanical strength of the aluminum alloy. In addition, copper has the advantage of improving the fatigue strength of the aluminum alloy due to its solid solution properties.
Mg element: mg can be formed by adding a small amount of magnesium into aluminum-silicon alloy2Si phase, mainly used for increasing the strength of the aluminum alloy. In addition, magnesium can improve the corrosion resistance and strength of the aluminum alloy, the tendency of mucosa is correspondingly reduced, the surface of the aluminum alloy casting is smooth, and the electroplating property is improved.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, through carrying out refining twice and degassing treatment once on the aluminum alloy solution, the air holes in the aluminum alloy solution can be reduced, the operation is simple, the cost is low, the defects of air holes, sand holes, slag inclusion and the like caused by Zhujia faithful aluminum alloy can be avoided, the quality of the aluminum alloy casting is greatly improved, and the rejection rate of the aluminum alloy casting is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the aluminum alloy smelting and casting process of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for smelting and casting an aluminum alloy, including the following steps:
s1, batching: al, Si, Mg, Mn and Ti are mixed according to a certain ratio to obtain the aluminum alloy mixture. The aluminum alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 6.5% -7.5%, Mg: 0.35% -0.5%, Ti: 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Al, and the balance of Al.
S2, smelting: and (4) putting the aluminum alloy ingredient in the step S1 into a smelting furnace for smelting, and after smelting, carrying out two times of continuous refining treatment and further carrying out one time of degassing treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid.
S3, casting: and (4) pouring the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in the step (S2) into a mould to obtain a rough product.
S4, post-processing: and (4) carrying out post-treatment on the crude product obtained in the step (S3) to obtain an aluminum alloy casting.
In step S1 of this embodiment, an aluminum ingot is used as the aluminum material, the purity of the aluminum ingot is not less than 99.99%, a magnesium ingot is used as the magnesium material, the purity of the magnesium ingot is not less than 99.99%, titanium sponge is used as the titanium source, and the purity of the titanium sponge is not less than 99.99%. In this embodiment, Al, Si, Mg, and Ti are higher in content and are main elements.
In this embodiment, the aluminum alloy further contains the following small elements and inevitable impurity elements, and the chemical components thereof include, by mass: fe: less than or equal to 0.15 percent, Zn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Pb: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, Sn: less than or equal to 0.01 percent. The content of the impurity elements of the small amount of elements is required to be controlled to 0.5% or less.
In this embodiment, the solidification latent heat of the silicon element is higher than that of aluminum, so that the silicon can increase the fluidity of the aluminum alloy and improve the casting performance of the aluminum alloy. In addition, the silicon crystal grains have higher hardness and good chemical stability, and can also enable the aluminum alloy to have higher wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
The copper element is used to enhance the corrosion resistance and mechanical strength of the aluminum alloy. In addition, copper has the advantage of improving the fatigue strength of the aluminum alloy due to its solid solution properties.
Manganese can reduce the harmful effect of iron on the aluminum alloy, and can change the sheet or needle structure formed by iron in the aluminum alloy into a fine crystal structure.
The magnesium element is added into the aluminum-silicon alloy to form Mg2Si phase, mainly used for increasing the strength of the aluminum alloy. In addition, the magnesium element can also improve the corrosion resistance and the strength of the aluminum alloy, the tendency of mucosa is correspondingly reduced, the surface of the aluminum alloy casting is smooth, and the electroplating property is improved.
Step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
firstly, opening a furnace, adding metal furnace charge into a smelting furnace according to the sequence of returned charge, aluminum alloy burdening and returned charge, and smelting the aluminum alloy burdening into liquid, wherein the upper limit of the addition of returned charge ingots is 60 percent of the total amount of the furnace charge.
And then refining the aluminum alloy ingredients for 2 times in a crucible by adopting a refining agent refining method or a rotary blowing refining method, wherein the refining is to remove hydrogen in the aluminum alloy liquid, the hydrogen in the aluminum alloy liquid is a main factor causing air holes in the aluminum alloy castings, although the aluminum alloy is refined, the refining effect in the prior art is not ideal, and more products in the obtained castings still contain more air holes to form waste reporting pieces.
In the embodiment, the aluminum alloy is refined for 2 times by adopting a rotary blowing refining method, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and (3) heating the aluminum alloy mixture obtained in the step (S1) in a melting furnace, after the aluminum alloy is melted, scattering a layer of sodium-free slag removing agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein the adding amount of the sodium-free slag removing agent is 0.4-0.5% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy liquid, removing slag for 2-3min, scattering a layer of sodium-free slag removing agent on the liquid surface for the second time, and the adding amount of the sodium-free slag removing agent is 0.4-0.5% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy liquid, and removing slag for 2-3 min.
And (3) opening the sodium-free slag removing agent in the middle of the liquid surface of the aluminum alloy liquid to the periphery, and then inserting a rotary blowing refining rotor to carry out rotary blowing refining on the aluminum alloy liquid for 10-12 min. The smelting temperature in the continuous 2 smelting processes is 725-740 ℃.
Specifically, a rotary blowing rotor is placed on a crucible to be preheated for 20-30min before refining, argon is blown into aluminum alloy liquid, the pressure of the argon is 0.3-0.4Mpa, the flow of the argon is 0.3-0.4m3/h, the refining time is 10-12min, the aluminum alloy liquid is kept stand for 5-10min after refining is finished, scum on the surface of the alloy liquid is thoroughly removed, mechanical property inspection and chemical component inspection are carried out, and casting in the step S3 is carried out after the mechanical property inspection and the chemical component inspection are qualified. If the mechanical property and the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy liquid are not qualified, elements which are not enough correspondingly need to be added into the aluminum alloy liquid according to the specified element proportion, and refining is carried out for 2 times again until the mechanical property and the chemical composition are qualified.
In this example, it is necessary to perform pouring and casting within 40min after completion of refining, and if pouring and casting are not completed within 40min due to disqualification of mechanical properties and chemical composition or due to time-out, it is necessary to refine the aluminum alloy liquid 2 times again.
The embodiment can reduce hydrogen in the aluminum alloy melt and reduce air holes by carrying out continuous refining twice and degassing treatment once on the aluminum alloy solution, has simple process operation and low cost, can avoid the defects of air holes, sand holes, shrinkage cavities, slag inclusion and the like generated in the aluminum alloy casting, greatly improves the quality of the aluminum alloy casting and reduces the rejection rate of the casting.
Before the step S3 of pouring, a pouring mold needs to be pretreated, which specifically includes:
and baking the mounted mould by adopting a half mould closing method for 1-2h, turning off the fire when the temperature of the mould reaches 120-200 ℃, coating a layer of heat-conducting coating in the mould, and continuously baking after the coating is finished until the heat-conducting coating is stably attached to the surface of the mould. In this embodiment, the function of the heat-conducting coating is to prevent the aluminum alloy liquid from adhering to the grinding tool after being solidified in the mold and being difficult to demold. The purpose of baking and heating the die is to prevent the high-temperature aluminum alloy liquid from suddenly cooling on one hand and to accelerate the combination of the heat-conducting coating and the die on the other hand.
The step S3 includes: and (4) injecting the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in the step (S2) into the preheated mold until the aluminum alloy melt is full of the casting mold cavity, wherein the pouring temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 710-730 ℃.
In step S4, the post-processing of the raw product sequentially includes: surface cleaning, heat treatment, polishing and welding repair. The surface cleaning comprises sand shakeout, pouring gate cap taking out and surface cleaning, and the cleaning aims to remove bonded sand, casting and cap systems, flash, burrs and the like on the inner surface and the outer surface of the casting after the casting is condensed.
The heat treatment is to perform solution treatment on the crude product obtained in step S3 to improve the properties of the casting. Specifically, the solution treatment-vacuum degassing-aging-solution treatment of the crude product of the aluminum alloy casting comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the crude product of the aluminum alloy casting in a quenching furnace, slowly heating to 530-540 ℃, keeping the temperature for 6-10h, then carrying out vacuum treatment for 5-7h, cooling in water, wherein the temperature of water for quenching is 5-60 ℃, and the time for quenching the crude product into the water is 12-15s, thus obtaining the primary water-quenched casting.
And (3) placing the first water-quenched casting at the temperature of 175-185 ℃, and carrying out aging treatment for 3-8h to obtain an aged casting. And carrying out second solution treatment on the aged casting, heating to 530-540 ℃, carrying out solution treatment for 6-10h, carrying out water cooling, wherein the temperature of quenching water is 5-60 ℃, and the time of quenching in the water is 12-15s, thus obtaining a second water-quenched casting. And placing the second water-quenched casting at the temperature of 175-185 ℃ for aging treatment for 3-8 h.
In this example, the degree of vacuum was maintained at 10 when the aluminum alloy casting was subjected to vacuum degassing treatment-4-10-5Pa. In the embodiment, the vacuum degassing treatment is carried out simultaneously with the first solution treatment of the casting, the hydrogen atoms in the casting are removed by the vacuum condition, and the larger the vacuum degree is, the more the power for extracting the hydrogen atoms is.
In the embodiment, the aluminum alloy casting is subjected to solid solution-vacuum degassing-aging-solid solution-aging treatment for two times, the vacuum degassing treatment is performed while the first solid solution treatment is performed, the partial pressure of hydrogen is low in a vacuum environment, hydrogen atoms in the aluminum alloy casting which are in solid solution can be gradually diffused to the surface of the casting to form hydrogen and then are extracted, a large number of vacancies are formed in crystal lattices, and the obvious dehydrogenation effect is achieved. For the aluminum alloy casting, the fatigue performance of the casting can be seriously influenced by hydrogen atoms, the content of hydrogen in the casting is effectively reduced through vacuum degassing while the first solid solution is carried out, and the method has obvious beneficial effects of improving the fatigue performance and the reliability of the casting.
In addition, the high-temperature aging treatment is carried out after the first water quenching of the aluminum alloy casting, so that the rapid and sufficient precipitation of precipitated phases is facilitated. In addition, the precipitated phase which is uniformly precipitated is more fully redissolved to the aluminum alloy casting matrix through the second high-temperature solid solution treatment, solute atoms redissolved to the aluminum alloy casting matrix are more thorough and are more uniformly distributed, and the subsequent aging phase dispersion spheroidization precipitation is facilitated.
After the solution treatment is finished, the surface of the casting is polished and shot-blasted, so that the casting achieves proper smoothness and flatness.
And finally, performing repair welding on the aluminum alloy casting by adopting an alternating current argon arc welding machine according to shrinkage cavities, air holes, sand holes, slag inclusions and other specified incomplete defects, meat deficiency caused in blank cleaning, collision and scratch caused in a transportation process and the like generated in the production process of the casting, wherein the material of the welding wire is the same as that of the aluminum alloy casting. The current adjusting range of the alternating current argon arc welding machine is 60-500A, and the working voltage range is 8-15V.
The diameter of the welding wire is 3-8mm, argon is used as shielding gas, and the purity of the argon is more than or equal to 99.99%. In the present example, the volume fraction of argon is greater than 99.99%, and N is2Is less than 10-4，O2Is less than 1.5 x 10-4，H2Is less than 5 x 10-6，CO2Is less than 5 x 10-6Volume fraction of olefin less than 5X 10-6，H2The volume fraction of O is less than 30mg/m3。
In the repair welding process, the welding wire and the casting keep an inclination angle of 10-15 degrees, and the welding wire feeding position is kept in an argon protection area.
In the embodiment, argon tungsten-arc welding is adopted, and welding wires which are made of the same materials as aluminum alloy castings are added to weld and repair the defects of the castings, so that the defects can be guaranteed.
And detecting the leakage of the final product, and then performing quality statistics, wherein the rejection rate of the aluminum alloy casting in the embodiment is about 5%, and the product qualification rate can reach more than 95%.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 in that the aluminum alloy was refined 2 times in succession using the refining agent.
Step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
firstly, opening a furnace, adding metal furnace charge into a smelting furnace according to the sequence of returned charge, aluminum alloy burdening and returned charge, and smelting the aluminum alloy burdening into liquid, wherein the upper limit of the addition of returned charge ingots is 60 percent of the total amount of the furnace charge.
And then refining the aluminum alloy ingredients for 2 times in a crucible by adopting a refining agent refining method, wherein the refining is to remove hydrogen in the aluminum alloy liquid, the hydrogen in the aluminum alloy liquid is a main factor causing air holes in the aluminum alloy castings, although the aluminum alloy is refined, the refining effect in the prior art is not ideal, and more products in the obtained castings still contain more air holes to form waste reporting pieces.
In the embodiment, the aluminum alloy is refined for 2 times by adopting a refining agent refining method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
and (4) heating the aluminum alloy batch obtained in the step (S1) in a melting furnace, continuously adding a refining agent into the aluminum alloy liquid twice for refining after the aluminum alloy is melted, wherein the amount of the refining agent added each time accounts for 0.15-0.20% of the total amount of the furnace burden, and carrying out aftertreatment for 2-3min after the refining agent is added each time. Then, the casting is performed in step S3 after the mechanical properties and chemical composition are inspected and the casting is performed until the mechanical properties and chemical composition are inspected. If the mechanical property and the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy liquid are not qualified, elements which are not enough correspondingly need to be added into the aluminum alloy liquid according to the specified element proportion, and refining is carried out for 2 times again until the mechanical property and the chemical composition are qualified.
And detecting the leakage of the final product, and then performing quality statistics, wherein the rejection rate of the aluminum alloy casting in the embodiment is about 10%, and the product qualification rate can reach over 90%.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the smelting times are different, and the comparative example only refines the aluminum alloy ingredients for 1 time.
According to statistics, the qualification rate of the casting in the comparative example is only about 60%. However, in example 1, the aluminum alloy ingredient is smelted for 2 times, the yield of the final casting product is more than 95%, and in example 2, the yield can reach more than 90%.
According to the comparison, the aluminum alloy is continuously smelted twice, so that the refining effect is achieved, the air holes in the aluminum alloy melt can be reduced, the process is simple to operate and low in cost, and the defects of air holes, sand holes, shrinkage cavities, slag inclusion and the like in the aluminum alloy casting can be avoided. The aluminum alloy smelting and casting process greatly improves the quality of aluminum alloy castings and reduces the rejection rate of the castings.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for smelting and casting the aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, batching: mixing Al, Si, Mg and Ti according to a certain ratio to obtain an aluminum alloy mixture;
s2, smelting: putting the aluminum alloy ingredient in the step S1 into a smelting furnace for smelting, and after smelting, carrying out two times of continuous refining treatment and further carrying out one time of degassing treatment to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid;
s3, casting: pouring the aluminum alloy liquid obtained in the step S2 into a mold to obtain a rough product;
s4, post-processing: and (4) carrying out post-treatment on the crude product obtained in the step (S3) to obtain an aluminum alloy casting.
2. The smelting casting method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy comprises, in mass percent:
si: 6.5% -7.5%, Mg: 0.35% -0.5%, Ti: 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Al, and the balance of Al.
3. The smelting casting method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy comprises, in mass percent:
impurity elements, the content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.5%:
the impurity elements include: fe: less than or equal to 0.15 percent, Zn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, Pb: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, Sn: less than or equal to 0.01 percent.
4. The melting and casting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the melting temperature in the step S2 is 725-740 ℃ in 2 consecutive melting processes of the aluminum alloy.
5. The smelting and casting method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the aluminum alloy batch is refined twice in succession by a refining agent refining method or a rotary blow refining method;
the refining method of the refining agent comprises the following steps:
heating the aluminum alloy batch obtained in the step S1 in a melting furnace, continuously adding a refining agent into aluminum alloy liquid twice for refining after the aluminum alloy is melted, wherein the amount of the refining agent added each time accounts for 0.15-0.20% of the total amount of furnace burden, and carrying out aftertreatment for 2-3min after the refining agent is added each time;
the rotary blowing refining method comprises the following steps:
heating the aluminum alloy mixture obtained in the step S1 in a melting furnace, after the aluminum alloy is melted, scattering a layer of sodium-free slag removing agent on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein the adding amount of the sodium-free slag removing agent is 0.4-0.5% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy liquid, removing slag for 2-3min, scattering a layer of sodium-free slag removing agent on the liquid surface for the second time, the adding amount of the sodium-free slag removing agent is 0.4-0.5% of the total amount of the aluminum alloy liquid, and removing slag for 2-3 min;
and (3) opening the sodium-free slag removing agent in the middle of the liquid surface of the aluminum alloy liquid to the periphery, and then inserting a rotary blowing refining rotor to carry out rotary blowing refining on the aluminum alloy liquid for 10-12 min.
6. The melt casting process according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, after the aluminum alloy batch is refined twice in succession, the aluminum alloy melt is subjected to mechanical property inspection and chemical composition inspection, and casting in step S3 is performed after the inspection is passed.
7. The melt casting process according to claim 5, wherein in the rotary blowing refining method, the rotary blowing rotor is placed on a crucible and preheated for 20 to 30 minutes before refining, and argon gas is blown into the aluminum alloy liquid, the argon gas pressure is 0.3 to 0.4MPa, and the argon gas flow is 0.3 to 0.4m3And h, refining for 10-12min, standing the aluminum alloy liquid for 5-10min after refining is finished, thoroughly removing dross on the surface of the alloy liquid, and then carrying out mechanical property inspection and chemical component inspection.
8. The melt casting process of claim 1, wherein prior to the pouring in step S3, the casting mold is pre-treated, comprising: coating a layer of heat-conducting coating in the mold, and then preheating the mold before casting, wherein the preheating temperature is 120-200 ℃;
step S3 includes: and (4) injecting the smelted aluminum alloy liquid obtained in the step S2 into the preheated mold until the aluminum alloy melt is full of the casting mold cavity, wherein the pouring temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 710-730 ℃.
9. The smelting casting process of claim 1, wherein in step S4, the post-treatment of the raw product comprises: surface cleaning, heat treatment and welding repair.
10. The melt casting process as claimed in claim 9, wherein the solution treatment is performed on the crude product obtained in step S3, the temperature is slowly raised to 530 ℃ and 540 ℃ in a quenching furnace, the temperature is kept constant for 6-10h, and then the crude product is cooled in water until the temperature of the quenching water is 5-60 ℃ and the time for quenching the crude product into water is 12-15S.
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