CN114410271B - 一种双组份聚氨酯美缝剂及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种双组份聚氨酯美缝剂及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种双组份聚氨酯美缝剂及其制备方法与应用,属于美缝剂技术领域。本发明的一种双组份聚氨酯美缝剂,包括A料和B料;所述A料包括以下质量份的组分:脂肪族异氰酸酯5‑25份、聚烯烃多元醇60‑83份、硅烷偶联剂12‑25份;所述B料包括以下质量份的组分:脂肪族固化剂8‑18份、催化剂0.05‑3份、流变剂60‑80份;本发明制备得到的双组份聚氨酯美缝剂选用聚烯烃多元醇为原料,配合使用脂肪族异氰酸酯、异氰酸酯基烷氧基硅烷偶联剂、脂肪族固化剂,有效的集中了多种体系的优势,使得制备得到的产品具有优异的耐黄变性、耐候性、耐污性、耐磨性和粘接强度;并且本发明提供的组分中不含溶剂,环保无毒,且制备方法简单、操作容易,有利于大量生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于美缝剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种双组份聚氨酯美缝剂及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
填缝已成为现在瓷砖铺贴的一道必不可少的工序,填缝可以防止杂物、灰尘、油污水渍等进入瓷砖缝隙,阻止水汽进入瓷砖下的基面,同时成熟的施工工艺使美缝具有一定的装饰效果;上一代瓷砖的填缝剂主要以水泥基填缝剂为主,最近几年,环氧树脂美缝剂正在逐渐地替代水泥基填缝剂成为美缝剂,环氧树脂美缝剂收缩小、抗污性能良好、耐酸碱性良好、表面致密、光洁,容易清洗,不易积灰,防水性能好,但是,从化学结构和实际使用反馈来看,环氧美缝剂很难做到在紫外辐射下(例如阳台区域)完全不黄变,其耐候性亦不足。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足之处而提供一种表面光亮、硬度高、且具有优异耐黄变性、耐候性、耐污性、耐磨性的双组份聚氨酯美缝剂及其制备方法与应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:一种双组份聚氨酯美缝剂,包括A料和B料;所述A料包括以下质量份的组分:脂肪族异氰酸酯5-25份、聚烯烃多元醇60-83份、硅烷偶联剂12-25份;所述B料包括以下质量份的组分:脂肪族固化剂8-18份、催化剂0.05-3份、流变剂60-80份。
本发明通过选用聚烯烃多元醇为原料,使得本发明的双组份聚氨酯美缝剂具有橡胶的部分性能,同时,本发明通过选用脂肪族异氰酸酯、硅烷偶联剂以及脂肪族固化剂,所用的组分之间相互配合,协同增效,使得制备得到双组份聚氨酯美缝剂表面光亮,硬度高,具有优异的耐黄变性和耐候性。
作为本发明所述双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的优选实施方式,所述双组份聚氨酯美缝剂包括A料和B料;所述A料包括以下质量份的组分:脂肪族异氰酸酯12-25份、聚烯烃多元醇62-75份、硅烷偶联剂12-23份;所述B料包括以下质量份的组分:固化剂11-14份、催化剂0.05-0.5份、流变剂70-80份。
当双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的A料和B料的组分的质量份在上述范围内时,制备得到的双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的耐黄变性更好,在168h其色差值在1以下;操作适用时间在35-40min;粘接强度更好,在5.4MPa以上。
作为本发明所述双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的优选实施方式,所述B料还包括以下质量份的组分:除水剂2-5份、耐污添加剂0.1-2份、颜料5-15份。
在B料中添加上述成分能够更好的增加产品的耐黄变性和耐候性,并且能使得产品更加美观。
作为本发明所述双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的优选实施方式,所述脂肪族异氰酸酯包括环己烷二亚甲基二异氰酸酯或二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯;其中,环己烷二亚甲基二异氰酸酯的NCO含量为43.3%,二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯的NCO含量为31.8-32.1%。
作为本发明所述双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的优选实施方式,所述聚烯烃多元醇包括端羟基聚丁二烯或氢化端羟基聚丁二烯。
作为本发明所述双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的优选实施方式,所述端羟基聚丁二烯或氢化端羟基聚丁二烯的分子量为1000-3100,羟值为0.6-1.8mmol/g。
端羟基聚丁二烯是一种新型的液态橡胶,其作为组分添加能够使得合成品具有类似天然橡胶的性质,具有很好的光稳定性;氢化端羟基聚丁二烯是由端羟基聚丁二烯催化加氢制得,其主链为饱和结构,相比于端羟基聚丁二烯具有更优异的光候稳定性;进一步优选端羟基聚丁二烯或氢化端羟基聚丁二烯的分子量以及羟值在上述范围内,能够更好的保证制备得到的产品的光候稳定性。
作为本发明所述双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的优选实施方式,所述硅烷偶联剂为异氰酸酯基烷氧基硅烷。异氰酸酯基烷氧基硅烷在聚合后形成具有湿固化交联机理的硅烷基团,湿固化交联形成Si-O-Si网络结构,能够增强体系的交联度和耐候性,同时也是聚氨酯胶的粘结促进剂。
作为本发明所述双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的优选实施方式,所述硅烷偶联剂为γ-异氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基硅烷。
当选用的硅烷偶联剂为γ-异氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基硅烷,一方面能够保证湿固化交联形成Si-O-Si网络结构,另一方面其固化交联的速度适中,能够避免交联速率过快导致的产品操作的适应性降低。
作为本发明所述双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的优选实施方式,所述脂肪族固化剂包括脂肪族二元仲胺或环脂肪族二胺。
采用上述脂肪族固化剂一方面可以将固化反应控制在一定的速度,控制可操作的适用期,另一方面也可以避免引入传统的芳香胺类固化剂中苯环或酚基等对耐黄变性的不利影响。
本发明提供的组分中,脂肪族胺类固化剂与异氰酸酯基反应形成脲基,不会产生二氧化碳,因此,在填缝的过程中紧致无气孔,避免后续杂质的进入降低产品的耐候性和耐黄性;同时,形成的脲基与偶联剂中的氧硅烷基以及氨酯基协同作用,促进各基团的性能发挥,使得结构更强韧稳定。
作为本发明所述双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的优选实施方式,所述催化剂为有机锡催化剂;所述有机锡催化剂包括辛酸亚锡或二醋酸二丁基锡。
辛酸亚锡或二醋酸二丁基锡的催化活性高且毒性低,并且其对硅烷交联反应有促进作用。
作为本发明所述双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的优选实施方式,所述除水剂为分子筛干燥剂,所述分子筛干燥剂的状态为粉状或糊状,孔径为0.2-0.5nm。
作为本发明所述双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的优选实施方式,所述流变剂为气相白炭黑,所述气相白炭黑的比表面积为100-300m2/g。
选用上述气相白炭黑作为流变剂,能够改善体系的流动性,使得在施工后体系能够迅速产生氢键等作用力,形成三维网状结构,从而减小施工时的下垂度,从而使得施工后的立面和平面都更美观。
作为本发明所述双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的优选实施方式,所述耐污添加剂为氟聚物溶液。
作为本发明所述双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的优选实施方式,所述氟聚物溶液为BLK-LPX20192。
采用上述耐污添加剂时,能够用极少的用量就起到优异的拒水拒油的耐污性。
作为本发明所述双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的优选实施方式,所述颜料为有机珠光颜料,具体的,可选用不同色泽、光彩的珠光粉。
另外,本发明还提供了所述双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)A料的制备:将聚烯烃多元醇在105-110℃的真空环境下脱水,脱水反应后降温至70-80℃,接着加入脂肪族异氰酸酯和硅烷偶联剂在惰性气体保护下搅拌反应,搅拌反应结束后,真空除泡、冷却,得A料;
(2)B料的制备:将固化剂加热至105-110℃后加入催化剂、流变剂、颜料,接着在真空环境下脱水,脱水反应后加入除水剂和耐污添加剂,然后在惰性气体保护下搅拌反应,反应结束后真空除泡、冷却,得B料;
(3)使用时,将A料和B料混合均匀。
作为本发明所述制备方法的优选实施方式,所述步骤(1)中,真空环境的真空度为(-0.06)-(-0.08)MPa;脱水反应的时间为1-2h;所述搅拌反应的温度为78-85℃,所述搅拌反应的时间为2-4h。
作为本发明所述制备方法的优选实施方式,所述步骤(2)中,真空环境的真空度为(-0.06)-(-0.08)MPa;脱水反应的时间为1-2h;所述搅拌反应的时间为20-40min。
作为本发明所述制备方法的优选实施方式,所述步骤(3)中,A料和B料的质量比为1:(0.5-1.8)。
作为本发明所述制备方法的优选实施方式,所述步骤(3)中,A料和B料的质量比为1:(1.3-1.8)。
当A料和B料的质量比在上述优选范围内时,能够起到更好的填缝作用,且填缝后产品的耐候性、耐黄变性、硬度以及表面光亮度都较优。
另外,本发明还提供了一种所述双组份聚氨酯美缝剂在瓷砖填缝上的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
第一:本发明的技术方案提供的双组份聚氨酯美缝剂选用聚烯烃多元醇为原料,配合使用脂肪族异氰酸酯、异氰酸酯基烷氧基硅烷偶联剂、脂肪族固化剂,有效的集中了多种体系的优势,使得制备得到的产品具有优异的耐黄变性、耐候性、耐污性、耐磨性和粘接强度;
第二:本发明提供的双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的组分中不含溶剂,环保无毒,且制备方法简单、操作容易,有利于大量生产。
具体实施方式
为更好的说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点,下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
本实施例的一种双组份聚氨酯美缝剂,包括A料和B料;所述A料包括以下质量份的组分:脂肪族异氰酸酯5.80份、聚烯烃多元醇80.19份、硅烷偶联剂14.02份;所述B料包括以下质量份的组分:脂肪族固化剂14.54份、催化剂0.87份、流变剂70.71份、除水剂4.36份、耐污添加剂1.75份、颜料7.77份;
所述脂肪族异氰酸酯为环己烷二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HXDI),相对分子质量为194,纯度≥99.5%,NCO的质量分数为43.3%,购买于三井武田化学,型号为takenate600;所述聚烯烃多元醇为氢化端羟基聚丁二烯,分子量为3100,羟值为0.56mmol/g,氢化度≥98%,购买于Sartomer,型号为Krasol LBH-P 3000;所述硅烷偶联剂为γ-异氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基硅烷,相对分子质量为274.4,购买于日本信越化学有限公司,型号为KBE-9007;所述脂肪族固化剂为脂肪族二元仲胺,无色液体,相对分子质量为350,总氨基为5.7mmol/g,水分≤0.03%,粘度(16℃)270mPa.s,型号为Clearlink 3000;所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡,购买于山东威达化工,型号为T-19;所述除水剂为粉状分子筛干燥剂,其孔径为0.3nm,购买于Siliporite,型号为NK30;所述流变剂为气相白炭黑,其比表面积为120m2/g,型号为H15;所述耐污添加剂为一种氟聚合物溶液,型号为BLK-LPX20192;
所述双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)A料的制备:将聚烯烃多元醇在105-110℃的真空环境下脱水,脱水反应1.5h后降温至70-80℃,接着加入脂肪族异氰酸酯和硅烷偶联剂升温至78-85℃并在惰性气体保护下搅拌反应3h后真空除泡、冷却至55℃以下,得A料;
(2)B料的制备:将固化剂加热至105-110℃后加入催化剂、流变剂、颜料,接着在真空环境下脱水反应1.5h后加入除水剂和耐污添加剂,然后在惰性气体保护下搅拌反应0.5h,反应结束后真空除泡、冷却至55℃以下,得B料;
(3)使用时,将A料和B料以质量比为1:0.5混合均匀。
实施例2
本实施例的一种双组份聚氨酯美缝剂,包括A料和B料;所述A料包括以下质量份的组分:脂肪族异氰酸酯6.55份、聚烯烃多元醇74.97份、硅烷偶联剂18.49份;所述B料包括以下质量份的组分:脂肪族固化剂11.08份、催化剂0.09份、流变剂77.58份、除水剂2.56份、耐污添加剂0.17份、颜料8.53份;
其中,与实施例1中不同的组分为:所述聚烯烃多元醇为端羟基聚丁二烯,分子量为2400,羟值为0.9mmol/g,购买于山东淄博齐龙化工有限公司,型号为HTPB-II;所述脂肪族固化剂为脂肪族二元仲胺,无色液体,总氨基为7.5-8.2mmol/g,水分≤0.25%,凝固点为-10.6℃,型号为Jefflink555;
本实施例的制备方法与实施例1中A料和B料的制备方法一致,但步骤(3)中,本实施例是将A料和B料以质量比为1:0.8混合均匀。
实施例3
本实施例的一种双组份聚氨酯美缝剂,包括A料和B料;所述A料包括以下质量份的组分:脂肪族异氰酸酯8.64份、聚烯烃多元醇73.28份、硅烷偶联剂18.07份;所述B料包括以下质量份的组分:脂肪族固化剂12.65份、催化剂0.05份、流变剂75.91份、除水剂2.85份、耐污添加剂0.11份、颜料8.43份;
其中,与实施例1中不同的组分为:所述聚烯烃多元醇为端羟基聚丁二烯,分子量为2400,羟值为0.9mmol/g,购买于山东淄博齐龙化工有限公司,型号为HTPB-II;所述脂肪族固化剂为脂肪族二元仲胺,无色液体,总氨基为4.43mmol/g,水分≤0.15%,粘度(25℃)66mPa.s,型号为Jefflink7027;
本实施例的制备方法与实施例1中A料和B料的制备方法一致,但步骤(3)中,本实施例是将A料和B料以质量比为1:1.25混合均匀。
实施例4
本实施例的一种双组份聚氨酯美缝剂,包括A料和B料;所述A料包括以下质量份的组分:脂肪族异氰酸酯24.72份、聚烯烃多元醇62.36份、硅烷偶联剂12.92份;所述B料包括以下质量份的组分:脂肪族固化剂13.39份、催化剂0.36份、流变剂73.73份、除水剂3.58份、耐污添加剂0.72份、颜料8.23份;
其中,与实施例1中不同的组分为:所述脂肪族异氰酸酯为二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI),纯度≥99.5%,NCO的质量分数为32.1%,相对分子质量262.35,购买于Bayer,型号为Desmodur W;所述聚烯烃多元醇为端羟基聚丁二烯,分子量为1200,羟值为1.8mmol/g,购买于Atotina,型号为Polybd R-20LM;所述脂肪族固化剂为脂肪族二元仲胺,无色液体,相对分子质量为322,总氨基为6.2mmol/g,水分≤0.06%,粘度(16℃)110mPa.s,型号为Clearlink 1000;
本实施例的制备方法与实施例1中A料和B料的制备方法一致,但步骤(3)中,本实施例是将A料和B料以质量比为1:1.6混合均匀。
实施例5
本实施例的一种双组份聚氨酯美缝剂,包括A料和B料;所述A料包括以下质量份的组分:脂肪族异氰酸酯12.25份、聚烯烃多元醇64.76份、硅烷偶联剂22.99份;所述B料包括以下质量份的组分:脂肪族固化剂12.57份、催化剂0.07份、流变剂75.39份、除水剂3.27份、耐污添加剂0.33份、颜料8.38份;
其中,与实施例1中不同的组分为:所述聚烯烃多元醇为端羟基聚丁二烯,分子量为1200,羟值为1.8mmol/g,购买于Bayer,型号为Desmodur W;所述脂肪族固化剂为脂肪族二元仲胺,无色液体,总氨基为4.43mmol/g,水分≤0.15%,粘度(25℃)66mPa.s,型号为Jefflink7027;
本实施例的制备方法与实施例1中A料和B料的制备方法一致,但步骤(3)中,本实施例是将A料和B料以质量比为1:1.8混合均匀。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例4的唯一差别在于本对比例用二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯替代实施例4中的二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的相对分子质量为250.25,纯度≥99.5%,NCO的质量分数为,33.5%,购买于Bayer,型号为Desmodur 2460。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例4的唯一差别在于本对比例用3,5-二甲硫基二苯胺(DMTDA)替代实施例4中的脂肪族二元仲胺,DMTDA为黄色至琥珀色液体,相对分子质量为214.34,总氨基为9.6mmol/g,粘度(25℃)600mPa.s,购买于山东淄博齐龙化工有限公司。
对比例3
本对比例与实施例4的唯一差别在于本对比例用聚醚二醇替代实施例4中的端羟基聚丁二烯,聚醚二醇的分子量为1000,羟值为1.96mmol/g,购买于Atotina,型号为Dow,Voranol 220-110N。
对比例4
本对比例与实施例4的唯一差别在于本对比例用γ-异氰酸酯丙基三甲氧基硅烷替代实施例4中的γ-异氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基硅烷。γ-异氰酸酯丙基三甲氧基硅烷,美国GE东芝有机硅有限公司,Siquest A-Link 35,相对分子质量205。
对比例5
本对比例与实施例4的唯一差别在于本对比例的流变剂用同等质量的微细活性碳酸钙替代,800目,比表面积25-50g/m2。
对比例6
本对比例与实施例4的唯一差别在于A料和B料以质量比1:2.2混合均匀。
对比例7
本对比例与实施例4的差别在于两者组分含量不一致,本实施例的一种双组份聚氨酯美缝剂,包括A料和B料;所述A料包括以下质量份的组分:脂肪族异氰酸酯3.29份、聚烯烃多元醇62.36份、硅烷偶联剂12.92份;所述B料包括以下质量份的组分:脂肪族固化剂20.21份、催化剂0.36份、流变剂73.73份、除水剂3.58份、耐污添加剂0.72份、颜料8.23份。
效果例
将实施例1-5和对比例1-7制备得到的双组份聚氨酯美缝剂以及市售产品进行使用监测,具体监测结果如表1所示,其中,耐磨性的测试方法参考JC/T1004-2017中的测试方法进行,固化收缩值的测试方法参考JC/T1004-2017中的测试方法进行,粘接强度、耐黄变性(168h)、下垂度(23℃)、铅笔硬度(擦伤)、耐污染性(醋和茶)、耐水性(2h)、耐碱性(24h)和热老化后拉伸强度保持率(80℃,168h)的测试方法参考GB/T36797-2018中的测试方法进行,具体测试结果见表1;
表1:实施例1-5和对比例1-7制备得到的双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的性能指标表
从实施例1-5中可以看出,当双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的组分在本发明给出的范围内时,制备得到的产品耐磨性在635mm3以下,粘接强度在5.4以上,耐黄变性在1以下,下垂度在3以下,操作适用时间在35-40min之间;
从实施例4和对比例1中的数据可以看出,当不使用脂肪族异氰酸酯时,制备得到的产品的耐黄变性的指数由1变为7,说明产品的耐黄变性能显著下降;从实施例4和对比例2中的数据可以看出,当采用的为二胺类固化剂而不是脂肪族固化剂时,一方面产品的固化速率较快,操作的适用性降低,一方面产品的耐黄性指数由1变为6,耐黄变性能明显下降,另一方面,粘接强度也有下降,下降幅度为35.19%,同时,产品的耐磨性也有下降,由实施例4的547mm3变为766mm3,数值的增加幅度为40.04%;从实施例4和对比例3的数据中可以看出,当采用的是普通的聚醚二醇,而不是聚烯烃二醇时,产品耐磨性显著降低,疏水性变差,其中,耐磨性由实施例4的547mm3变为859mm3,数值的增加幅度为57.04%;从实施例4和对比例4的数据中可以看出,若换用三甲氧基异氰酸酯基硅烷偶联剂,则固化速率过快,不适于施工操作;从实施例4和对比例5中的数据中可以看出,当将流变剂换为普通填充料时,产品下垂度明显上升,立面施工美观性难以保证;从实施例4和对比例6的数据中可以看出,当A料和B料的质量比过小时,产品硬度、耐磨性、粘接强度均下降,从实施例4和对比例7的数据中可以看出,当组分的含量不在本发明给出的范围内时,配方配比失调,交联程度降低,难以应用。
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种双组份聚氨酯美缝剂,其特征在于,由A料和B料组成;
所述A料由以下质量份的组分组成:脂肪族异氰酸酯5-25份、聚烯烃多元醇60-83份、γ-异氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基硅烷12-25份;
所述B料由以下质量份的组分组成:脂肪族固化剂8-18份、催化剂0.05-3份、气相白炭黑60-80份、除水剂2-5份、耐污添加剂0.1-2份、颜料5-15份;
所述双组份聚氨酯美缝剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)A料的制备:将聚烯烃多元醇在105-110℃的真空环境下脱水,脱水反应后降温至70-80℃,接着加入脂肪族异氰酸酯和γ-异氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基硅烷在惰性气体保护下反应,反应结束后,真空除泡、冷却,得A料;
(2)B料的制备:将固化剂加热至105-110℃后加入催化剂、气相白炭黑、颜料,接着在真空环境下脱水,脱水反应后加入除水剂和耐污添加剂,然后在惰性气体保护下搅拌反应,反应结束后真空除泡、冷却,得B料;
(3)使用时,将A料和B料以1:(0.5-1.8)的质量比混合均匀。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双组份聚氨酯美缝剂,其特征在于,由A料和B料组成;
所述A料由以下质量份的组分组成:脂肪族异氰酸酯12-25份、聚烯烃多元醇62-75份、γ-异氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基硅烷12-23份;
所述B料由以下质量份的组分组成:脂肪族固化剂11-14份、催化剂0.05-0.5份、气相白炭黑70-80份、除水剂2-5份、耐污添加剂0.1-2份、颜料5-15份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的双组份聚氨酯美缝剂,其特征在于,所述聚烯烃多元醇包括端羟基聚丁二烯或氢化端羟基聚丁二烯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的双组份聚氨酯美缝剂,其特征在于,所述脂肪族固化剂包括脂肪族二元仲胺或环脂肪族二胺。
5.根据权利要求1所述的双组份聚氨酯美缝剂,其特征在于,所述气相白炭黑的比表面积为100-300m2/g。
6.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的双组份聚氨酯美缝剂在瓷砖填缝上的应用。
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