CN114409728B - 一种富硒抗氧化肽及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种富硒抗氧化肽及其应用。所述富硒抗氧化肽具有如SEQIDNO:1或SEQIDNO:2所示序列的肽,且所述肽中的甲硫氨酸M中的硫元素被硒取代。本发明提供的富硒抗氧化肽具有显著的抗氧化活性,可作为高活性的天然抗氧化剂应用于食品、化妆品、保健品、药品等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于抗氧化技术领域,具体涉及一种富硒抗氧化肽及其应用。
背景技术
活性氧(ROS)是人体细胞生理代谢副产物,包括羟基自由基(HO)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2 -)、单线态氧和过氧化氢(H2O2)等,它们过量积累会在体内引发氧化应激反应。机体内的氧化应激可引起蛋白质交联、脂质过氧化、DNA和RNA损伤等,进而诱发糖尿病、心血管疾病、类风湿性关节炎、癌症、帕金森病等一系列疾病。为了减少或消除自由基,化学合成的抗氧化剂已被应用,但它们具有肝损伤和致癌等潜在的负作用,限制了其使用范围和剂量。寻找天然、高效、无毒的抗氧化剂,如槲皮素、异氟酮、表儿茶素、酯类和多肽,成为人们关注的焦点。近年来以蛋白质水解物和多肽为主的天然抗氧化剂被广泛应用于食品与药物加工中。比如抗氧化肽可以在食品配方中作为预防、延缓氧化应激相关疾病的成分,同时能抑制食品的氧化变质。从植物、动物中发现的多肽可以通过清除自由基,提高细胞内抗氧化酶活性和降低活性氧含量水平,进而抑制氧化应激。例如专利CN112961893A就公开了一种罗非鱼皮来源的抗氧化肽,其具有优异的抗氧化活性。
硒(Selenium,Se)是人和动物的必需微量元素之一。硒参与硒酶和硒蛋白的形成,在调节氧化还原平衡、物质代谢、发育与生殖及免疫功能方面发挥重要作用。此外,硒也被证实具有的抗氧化、抗炎、抗病毒、提高机体免疫力、预防心脑血管疾病等生理功能。与无机硒相比,天然有机硒具有低毒性、生物利用率高和多种生理活性等特点。
因此,开发一种新的天然富硒抗氧化剂具有重要的研究意义和经济价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺陷或不足,提供一种富硒抗氧化肽。本发明提供的富硒抗氧化肽具有显著的抗氧化活性,可作为高活性的天然富硒抗氧化剂应用于食品、化妆品、保健品、药品等领域。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述富硒抗氧化肽在制备抗氧化剂中的应用。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述富硒抗氧化肽在制备阻断Keap1-Nrf2的相互作用的阻断剂中的应用。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种富硒抗氧化肽,所述富硒抗氧化肽具有如SEQIDNO:1或SEQIDNO:2所示序列的肽,且所述肽中的甲硫氨酸M中的硫元素被硒取代。
具体地,SEQIDNO:1所示序列的肽为LMAAL(Leu-Met-Ala-Ala-Leu);SEQIDNO:2所示序列的LMAL(Leu-Met-Ala-Leu)。
本发明的发明人从辣木籽中分离出两种富硒抗氧化肽,其序列为LMAAL或LMAL,且甲硫氨酸M中的硫元素被硒取代(分别记为LSeMAAL、LSeMAL),经测定,该富硒抗氧化肽具有优异的抗氧化活性。
优选地,所述富硒抗氧化肽来源于富硒辣木籽。
优选地,当肽的序列为LMAAL(富硒抗氧化肽为LSeMAAL)时,所述富硒抗氧化肽的分子量为565.2379Da。
优选地,当肽的序列为LMAL(富硒抗氧化肽为LSeMAL)时,所述富硒抗氧化肽的分子量为494.2007Da。
本发明还请求保护上述富硒抗氧化肽在制备抗氧化剂中的应用。
本发明提供的富硒抗氧化肽本身具有高活性,其既可单独作为天然抗氧化剂添加至各类产品中,也可以与其它抗氧剂复配添加。
优选地,所述富硒抗氧化肽制备食品、化妆品、保健品或药品中的应用。
优选地,所述富硒抗氧化肽在制备阻断Keap1-Nrf2的相互作用的阻断剂中的应用。
研究发现,本发明的富硒抗氧化肽可以阻断Keap1-Nrf2的相互作用,使得其可作为阻断Keap1-Nrf2的相互作用的阻断剂。
进一步研究发现,当肽的序列为LMAAL时,所述富硒抗氧化肽与氨基酸残基Ser555、Arg415、Gln530、Ala556、Gly364、Gly509或Gly603形成氢键;所述富硒抗氧化肽与氨基酸残基Tyr334、Tyr525、Tyr572和Ala556形成疏水相互作用。
当肽的序列为LMAL时,所述富硒抗氧化肽与氨基酸残基Arg415、Gly364、Gly462和Gly603形成氢键;所述富硒抗氧化肽与氨基酸残基Arg415、Tyr334和Arg380形成疏水相互作用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明提供的富硒抗氧化肽具有显著的抗氧化活性,可作为高活性的天然富硒抗氧化剂应用于食品、化妆品、保健品、药品等领域。
附图说明
图1为第一次高效液相色谱分离谱图;
图2为第二次高效液相色谱分离谱图;
图3为2个富硒抗氧化肽的二级质谱图;
图4为富硒抗氧化肽对HepG2细胞毒性作用实验结果;
图5为富硒抗氧化肽的细胞抗氧化活性实验结果;
图6为AAPH诱导HepG2细胞氧化应激损伤实验结果;
图7为富硒抗氧化肽对细胞损伤的保护作用实验结果;
图8为富硒抗氧化肽对ROS的抑制效果;
图9为富硒抗氧化肽对AAPH诱导损伤的HepG2细胞中SOD(图9A)和CAT(图9B)抗氧化酶活性的影响试验结果;
图10为富硒抗氧化肽与人源性Keap1蛋白的结合模式。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步阐述本发明。这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下例实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照本领域常规条件或按照制造厂商建议的条件;所使用的原料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均为可从常规市场等商业途径得到的原料和试剂。本领域的技术人员在本发明的基础上所做的任何非实质性的变化及替换均属于本发明所要求保护的范围。
各实施例中使用的材料与仪器信息例举如下:
富硒辣木籽蛋白由北部湾滨海富硒功能农业研究院提供;
胃蛋白酶(3×106U/mg),南宁庞博生物工程有限公司;
1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH),上海源叶生物科技有限公司;
2,2-气联氮-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS),广州市齐云生物技术有限公司;
人肝癌细胞(HepG2),ATCC细胞库;
DMEM(dulbecco's modified eagle medium)培养基、胎牛血清(fetal bovineserum,FBS)和0.25%胰酶,美国Gibco公司;
DCFH-DA活性氧ROS荧光探针、磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffer saline,PBS)、二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO)、羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸(HEPES),美国Sigma-Aldrich公司;
BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)测定试剂盒和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)测定试剂盒,南京建成生物研究工程所;
其他化学品和试剂均为分析纯。
2300多功能酶标仪,PerkinElmer公司;
HH-4数显恒温水浴锅,金坛市华城海龙实验仪器厂;
L530台式低速自动平衡离心机,湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司;
FD-1型冷冻干燥机,海门市其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司;
DH5000BII电热恒温培养箱,天津泰斯特仪器有限公司;
pH计,上海佑科仪器有限公司;
电子天平,梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司;
AFS-9530原子荧光光度计,北京海光仪器有限公司。
实施例1富硒辣木籽蛋白酶解物的制备
采用胃蛋白酶水解法(37℃)制备富硒辣木籽蛋白酶解物:将1.5g富硒辣木籽蛋白粉溶于30mL水中(S/L:5%),调pH至1。然后加入1%(E/S:0.32%)的胃蛋白酶。水解1.64h,在90℃加热10min后冷却至室温,4000r/min离心20min,收集上清液,4℃保存备用。
实施例2富硒抗氧化肽的分离纯化
(1)超滤
使用装有截留分子量为10kDa超滤膜的Amicon Ultra-15离心超滤管对富硒辣木籽蛋白酶解液(即实施例1得到的上清液)进行分离,离心机转速为4000rpm,离心时间20min。收集分子量小于10kDa的组分,-20℃保存备用。
(2)高效液相色谱分离
第一次分离:
将超滤分离获得的组分(<10kDa)过0.45μm滤膜后,采用C18反相色谱柱(20mm×450mm,10μm)进行高效液相色谱分离。色谱条件为:流动相A:双蒸水+0.1%(体积分数,下同)三氟乙酸(trifluoroacetic acid,TFA);流动相B:乙腈+0.1%TFA;梯度洗脱:0~40min,6%~25%流动相B;40~70min,25%~70%流动相B;70~75min,70%~90%流动相B;75~85min,90%~90%流动相B;85~90min,90%~6%;进样量4mL;流速10mL/min;检测波长280nm。收集各洗脱峰,得到7个组分(F1~F7),如图1,为反相高效液相色谱分离谱图(第一次分离)。
将7个组分中的组分F1旋转蒸发浓缩及冷冻干燥后配制成1mg/mL溶液,检测其DPPH和ABTS自由基清除率。
1)DPPH自由基清除率
以DPPH为自由基,采用Miao等方法(Miao J,Liao W,Kang M,et al.Anti-fatigueand anti-oxidant activities of oyster(Ostrea rivularis)hydrolysate preparedby compound protease[J].Food Function,2018,9(12):6577-6585.DOI:10.1039/c8fo01879k.)测定其清除自由基能力。
DPPH自由基清除率的计算公式为:
DPPH自由基清除率(%)=[1 -(As-Ab)/Ac]×100 (1)
As:100μL样品溶液加入100μL DPPH溶液的吸光度;
Ab:100μL样品溶液加入100μL乙醇的吸光度;
Ac:100μL DPPH溶液加入100μL蒸馏水的吸光度。
2)ABTS自由基清除率
根据文献报道的方法(Miao J,Liao W,Kang M,et al.Anti-fatigue and anti-oxidant activities of oyster(Ostrea rivularis)hydrolysate prepared bycompound protease[J].Food Function,2018,9(12):6577-6585.DOI:10.1039/c8fo01879k.)对ABTS自由基的清除能力进行评价。
ABTS自由基清除活性的计算公式为:
ABTS自由基清除率(%)=[1-(As-Ab)/Ac]×100 (2)
As:100μL样品溶液加入100μL ABTS溶液的吸光度;
Ab:100μL样品溶液加入100μL蒸馏水的吸光度;
Ac:100μL ABTS溶液加入100μL蒸馏水的吸光度。
其中组分F1对DPPH和ABTS自由基有较高的清除能力,分别达到36.9%和32.57%。
故大量收集F1组分用于第二次分离纯化。
第二次分离:
对F1组分进行第二次分离纯化,色谱条件:Shimadzu PRC-ODS(K)钢柱(30mm×250mm,15μm);流动相A:双蒸水+0.1%三氟乙酸;B:甲醇+0.1%三氟乙酸;梯度洗脱:0~10min,5%~10%流动相B;10~40min,10%~20%流动相B;40~45min,20%~90%流动相B;45~55min,90%~90%流动相B;55~65min,90%~5%;上样量4mL洗脱流速10mL/min,在280nm的紫外波长下监测洗脱峰。收集得到5个活性组分(F1-1~F1-5,如图2,为高效液相色谱分离谱图(第二次分离)),并分别进行冻干,配制成0.5mg/mL溶液。按照相同的方法检测F1-3组分的DPPH和ABTS自由基清除率。
在0.5mg/mL时,F1-3的DPPH自由基清除率为38.10%(P<0.05),ABTS自由基清除率为34.29%(P<0.05)。
同时,对F1-3组分硒含量进行测定。
根据国家标准GB 5009.93-2017《食品中硒的测定》,采用氢化物原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定总硒含量。称取适量样品置于锥形瓶中,用10mL浓硝酸和高氯酸混合物(v/v,9:1)在150℃下消化2.5h,冷却后,在消化后的样品中加入5mL 6mol/L盐酸以还原Se6+-Se4 +。冷却后,用超纯水将消化后的溶液稀释至25mL,然后将10mL的溶液转移到反应容器中,其中加入2mL为6mol/L盐酸和1mL 10%(w/w)铁氰化钾,混匀待测,同时做空白对照。
仪器条件为:负高压280V,硒灯电流80mA,原子化器高度8mm,载气流量为300mL/min;屏蔽气流量为800mL/min,读数时间12s,延迟时间3s,重复测定3次,测定样品硒含量,测试结果如表1。
表1 富硒辣木籽蛋白酶解物和F1-3组分的硒含量
从表1可知,经超滤分离和两次反相高效液相色谱纯化后得到的最强抗氧化活性组分F1-3中的硒含量为13.772mg/kg,是富硒辣木籽蛋白酶解物中硒含量(2.253mg/kg)的6倍多。这一结果表明,在分离纯化高活性抗氧化活性组分的过程中含硒丰富的肽段得到了富集,这也间接说明硒在辣木籽抗氧化肽活性上发挥了重要作用。
(3)LC-MS/MS测定氨基酸结构
对收集的F1-3组分进行活性肽组成和序列分析。
取多肽样品(即分离得到的F1-3组分)溶于Washing buffer(0.1%FA,2%ACN),经C18除盐柱进行脱盐处理后,利用在线纳喷离子源的LC-MS/MS分析样品的肽段组成和氨基酸序列。整套系统为串联EASY-nanoLC 1200的QExactiveTMPlus质谱仪(Thermo FisherScientific,MA,USA)。色谱条件:色谱柱(Acclaim PepMap C18,75μm×25cm);柱流量控制在300nL/min;柱温为40℃;进样量5μL;电喷雾电压1.9kV;流动相A(0.1%甲酸水溶液)、流动相B(含0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液,洗脱梯度为:0~60min,5%~38%B。质谱仪在数据依赖采集模式下运行,自动在MS和MS/MS采集间切换。质谱参数设置如下:(1)一级质谱扫描范围(m/z):100–1500;分辨率:70000;自动增益控制目标:3e6;最大进样时间:100ms;包括电荷状态:1-3;(2)二级质谱自动增益控制目标:8e3;最大进样时间:50ms;碰撞能量:28;动态排除时间为6s。使用De Novo软件(Peaks Studio 8.5)对MS/MS数据对照NCBI数据库进行序列搜索,选择甲硫氨酸氧化,乙酰化,脱酰胺化,谷氨酸及谷氨酰胺环化,氨基甲基化和硒取代硫进行可变修饰。前体耐受量为10ppm,产物离子耐受量为0.05Da。在辣木(Moringaoleifera)数据库中搜索获得的质谱数据,选择平均置信度(ALC)大于50%的肽序列。
共鉴定得到103个富硒肽,由4-10个氨基酸残基组成,分子量约为0.5-1.2kDa。
疏水性氨基酸的存在对自由基的清除起着重要作用,可以增加肽在脂质介质中的溶解度,支持疏水自由基的可及性。脂质抑制活性也通过肽和自由基的相互作用增强。故随后通过多肽疏水性氨基酸占比分析,筛选得到疏水性占比很高的2个富硒抗氧化肽:LSeMAAL(565.2379Da,SeM代表该甲硫氨酸M中的硫元素被硒Se取代,下同)和LSeMAL(494.2007Da),其二级质谱图见图3(m代表SeM),分子量鉴定结果如表2。
表2 F1-3组分中富硒抗氧化肽的鉴定
实施例3 富硒抗氧化肽的抗氧化活性测定
对实施例2得到的2种富硒抗氧化肽的抗氧化活性进行测定。
(1)富硒抗氧化肽对HepG2细胞毒性作用(MTT)检测
HepG2细胞培养:10%FBS混合DMEM培养基,将细胞置于5%CO2细胞培养箱内进行培养。待HepG2细胞贴壁生长,融合成致密单层且细胞覆盖率达80%以上时,用0.25%胰蛋白酶溶液消化传代或进行下一步试验。
富硒抗氧化肽对HepG2细胞的毒性检测:将1×105cells/mL的HepG2细胞接种于96孔板中(每组设置6个复孔),设置对照组和试验组,对照组和试验组加入100μL细胞悬液,培养24h细胞贴壁,对照组加入100μL的培养液,试验组加入100μL样品溶液,在37℃,5%CO2培养箱中孵育24h后,弃去旧培养液,加入100μL MTT(0.5mg/mL)孵育4h。最后,每孔加入100μLDMSO溶解形成的甲瓒盐,酶标仪检测490nm处吸光值。细胞存活率计算公式:
HepG2细胞存活率(%)=As/Ab× 100 (3)
As为试验组的吸光值,Ab为空白组的吸光值。
具体地,样品溶液为0.0001、0.0005、0.005、0.05、0.1、0.25和0.5mg/mL。
测试结果如图4,在浓度0.1mg/mL范围内时,2个富硒抗氧化肽对HepG2细胞均具有促进细胞增殖的作用。当浓度为0.1mg/mL时,LSeMAAL和LSeMAL的细胞活力分别为102.71%和106.83%。因此可以选择该浓度范围的富硒抗氧化肽进行后续的细胞抗氧化实验。
(2)细胞抗氧化活性(CAA)的测定
CAA的测定方法如下:HepG2细胞以6×104cells/孔的密度接种在黑色96孔板上。培养24h后,除去培养基,用100μL PBS洗涤一遍。加入100μL抗氧化肽溶液(0.0005-0.025mg/mL)或溶剂对照(含有终浓度25μM DCFH-DA),放入培养箱培养1h后,吸出溶液并用PBS缓冲溶液洗涤3次,加入100μL 600μMAAPH溶液,并在空白组使用HBSS缓冲液代替AAPH溶液。最后,在37℃下每隔5min读取一次荧光,发射波长为528nm,激发波长为485nm,总测量时间1h。通过对每个时间点荧光曲线下的面积与时间曲线积分,计算抗氧化肽的CAA值,公式如下:
CAA(%)=100×[1-(AUCsample-AUCNC)/(AUCPC-AUCNC)] (4)
其中,AUCsample为样品的曲线下面积;AUCNC为阴性对照(单独使用DCFH-DA处理的细胞)的曲线下面积;AUCPC为阳性对照(用DCFH-DA和AAPH处理的细胞)的曲线下面积。
如图5,为富硒抗氧化肽的细胞抗氧化活性实验结果。从图5可知,2个肽的CAA值均随着浓度的增加而上升,并呈良好的剂量-效应关系。从EC50值可知,2个肽均在HepG2细胞中表现出了优异的抗氧化活性,LSeMAAL和LSeMAL的EC50值分别为0.383μg/mL和0.123μg/mL,显著低于从松子粕蛋白质中分离出的抗氧化肽KWFCT(1090μg/mL)和QWFCT(950μg/mL)(Yang R,Li X,Lin S,et al.Identification of novel peptides from 3to 10kDa pinenut(Pinus koraiensis)meal protein,with an exploration of the relationshipbetween their antioxidant activities and secondary structure[J].FoodChemistry,2017,219:311-320.DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.163.)。由此可以看出这2个新型富硒抗氧化肽具有极低的EC50值(如表3),在极低浓度下即展现极强的细胞抗氧化活性,这可能与活性肽中硒元素的协同抗氧化作用具有直接关系。
表3富硒抗氧化肽细胞抗氧化活性的EC50值
(3)AAPH诱导HepG2细胞氧化应激损伤的模型建立
AAPH被用作过氧自由基的诱导剂,与细胞膜的多不饱和脂质相互作用,通过细胞膜渗透到细胞内部,导致活性氧的产生,进而对细胞产生氧化损伤作用。因此,AAPH通常用于诱导氧化应激,用于构建细胞氧化损伤模型试验。
AAPH损伤模型的构建方法如下:将密度为1×105个/mL的HepG2细胞接种于96孔板,每孔100μL,在培养箱孵育24h后,弃去上清液并向每孔加入100μL AAPH溶液(终浓度为0.1-25mM)和100μL DMEM培养基(对照组)。孵育24h后,用上述MTT法测定细胞存率。
如图6所示,当AAPH浓度>0.5mM时,细胞内氧化应激显著增加(P<0.05),当AAPH浓度为2.5mM时,细胞存活率从100%降为78.18%,随着浓度增加细胞存活率也呈显著下降趋势。考虑到氧化应激损伤程度太弱或者太强都不利于后续的损伤保护实验,本研究选取AAPH的浓度2.5mM作为损伤实验浓度用于构建HepG2细胞氧化损伤模型。
(4)富硒抗氧化肽对AAPH诱导损伤的HepG2细胞的保护作用
每孔100μL HepG2细胞(1×105个/mL)接种于96孔板,在培养箱中孵育24h后,弃去上清液,并向保护组的每孔中加入100μL富硒抗氧化肽溶液(浓度为0.001、0.005、0.025mg/mL)。将100μL细胞培养液加入到损伤组和对照组中,继续培养24h后,向保护组和损伤组中加入100μL 2.5mM的AAPH溶液。对照组每孔加入100μL细胞培养液。培养24h后按照MTT法测定细胞存活率。
富硒抗氧化肽对细胞损伤的保护作用见图7。从图7可以看出,与空白对照组相比,经AAPH(浓度:2.5mM)处理后损伤组的细胞存活率显著降低至78.72%(P<0.05),表明细胞损伤模型造模成功且稳定可靠。与单纯的损伤组相比,经2个富硒抗氧化肽处理的实验组的细胞存活率均有不同程度的改善。随抗氧化肽浓度增加细胞存活率出现显著提升,当浓度为0.025mg/mL时,经富硒抗氧化肽LSeMAAL和LSeMAL处理的HepG2细胞存活率分别从78.72%显著提升至89.16%和98.29%。
(5)富硒抗氧化肽对AAPH诱导损伤的HepG2细胞内ROS含量的影响
ROS是需氧细胞在代谢过程中产生的一系列活性氧簇,中、高浓度的ROS可通过细胞氧化应激诱导细胞凋亡甚至死亡。DCFH-DA本身无荧光,可自由穿透细胞膜,细胞内ROS可将DCFH-DA氧化成带荧光的DCF,基于此原理可以定性定量的检测细胞内ROS的动态变化。
按照(4)富硒抗氧化肽对AAPH诱导损伤的HepG2细胞的保护作用中的方法将细胞分组,培养结束后,弃各孔培养液。按照如下方法对细胞内活性氧ROS的研究方法检测:将稀释于DMEM中的DCFH-DA(10μM)溶液加入各孔中,孵育30min,并用PBS洗涤3次。用多功能酶标仪(激发波长485nm,发射波长528nm)检测荧光强度。
2个富硒抗氧化肽对ROS的抑制效果见图8。与对照组相比,损伤组细胞内的荧光强度显著增强了1.35倍,表明AAPH诱导细胞氧化损伤后细胞内产大量ROS。然而,经不同浓度富硒抗氧化肽处理组的ROS水平显著低于损伤组(P<0.05),且随浓度增大效果更明显。在浓度0.025mg/mL时,2个抗氧化肽处理组的ROS含量分别比损伤组显著下降了27.4%和26.02%,这说明这两个富硒抗氧化肽可以有效抑制细胞内ROS的产生和堆积,进而起到保护细胞被氧化损伤的作用。
(6)富硒抗氧化肽对AAPH诱导损伤的HepG2细胞内抗氧化酶活性的影响
细胞内的部分酶,比如常见的SOD和CAT等,在机体生理活动中起到抗氧化的防御作用,它们可以消除生物体中多余活性氧。因此,细胞内抗氧化酶活力的变化成为测定抗氧化活性的标志物。
按照(4)富硒抗氧化肽对AAPH诱导损伤的HepG2细胞的保护作用中的方法对细胞进行分组,在6孔板中接种培养HepG2细胞(0.5×106cells/孔),每孔2mL。将富硒抗氧化肽溶液(最终浓度为0.001、0.005、0.025mg/mL)加入保护组。最后用AAPH诱导损伤组和保护组。细胞用0.25%胰酶消化,培养基终止,用PBS洗涤细胞,1000r/min离心10min收集细胞,-20℃保存备用。每孔收集的细胞加入0.5mL PBS溶解沉淀制成细胞悬浮液,用超声波粉碎仪破碎细胞,采用超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)测定试剂盒和过氧化氢酶(CAT)测定试剂盒测定细胞SOD和CAT活性。采用BCA试剂盒测定细胞裂解物中的蛋白质浓度,使SOD和CAT的水平正常化。测定结果以每毫克蛋白质的酶活性单位给出。
2个富硒抗氧化肽对AAPH诱导损伤的HepG2细胞中SOD和CAT抗氧化酶活性的影响试验结果分别见图9A和图9B。AAPH处理HepG2细胞后,损伤组的SOD和CAT的活性与对照组相比明显被抑制(P<0.05),而经富硒抗氧化肽的预处理后,它们的活性随着肽浓度的增加而增加,尤其在高剂量组(0.025mg/mL)预处理下,2个肽均能够将超氧化物歧化酶提高到与正常细胞相当的水平;LSeMAAL和LSeMAL处理组细胞的CAT活力与对照组无明显差异(P>0.05)。结果表明富硒抗氧化肽对细胞氧化损伤的保护作用与肽能提高细胞内抗氧化酶的活力有内在关系。
实施例4基于分子对接技术研究富硒抗氧化肽的抗氧化机制
分子对接是一种基于模拟分子相互作用的计算机方法,可用于预测目标活性物与受体蛋白之间的作用位点和作用方式。单磷酸腺苷激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK)介导的Keap1-Nrf2信号通路是体内细胞对各种外源性和内源性因素引起的氧化应激情况下机体进行自我防御以及保护的重要通路。抗氧化应激反应能够被组织内的Nrf2蛋白激活,从而发挥清除体内自由基的作用。在正常情况下,Keap1分子能够与Nrf2分子结合,促进Nrf2被降解,使得抗氧化应激反应被抑制。抗氧化剂分子通过结合Keap1的Kelch结构域,占据Keap1-Nrf2通路间的结合位点,抑制其相互作用并有效激活抗氧化通路。自带的配体16mer Nrf2通过与Keap1蛋白Kelch结构域结合的关键残基有Arg380、Arg415和Arg483的三个Arg残基,Ser363、Ser508、Ser555和Ser602的四个Ser残基,以及Tyr334、Asn382和Gln530。此外,Asn387、His436、Tyr525、Tyr572和Phe577的残基在Keap1-Nrf2蛋白-蛋白相互作用中发挥关键作用。
在本实施例中,为了探索富硒抗氧化肽与人源性Keap1受体蛋白作为潜在抑制剂的可能结合模式,采用Autodock Vina程序进行分子对接,预测活性肽的作用位点和抗氧化机制。Keap1蛋白的晶体结构(编码:4L7B)从蛋白质数据库(http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/home/home.do)下载。用PyMol软件去除受体分子中含有的水分子原始配体,保存为PDB格式文件。随后用Autodock Tools 1.5.6软件进行加氢,保存为PDBQT格式文件备用。配体小分子结构由MarvinSketch软件绘制,并构建和优化配体的三维结构,使用Autodock Tools打开,并自动添加Gasteiger电荷,设置旋转键,保存为PDBQT文件。采用AutoDock Tools进行蛋白质-配体对接的分析,对接结果以结合能值表示,值越低代表小分子与蛋白结合得越紧,其抑制活性越强。此外,使用Discovery studio 4.5软件对与结合位点残基相互作用的所有模式进行了可视化。
2个富硒抗氧化肽与人源性Keap1蛋白的结合模式见图10。从图10A(1)和10B(1)可以看出,2个富硒抗氧化肽成功对接到Keap1口袋中,可见2个肽的结合位置均为同一个疏水空腔,并占据Nrf2的部分结合位点,从而直接阻断Keap1和Nrf2之间的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用。2个富硒抗氧化肽与受体蛋白Keap1作用位点及相互作用力见图10A(2)至10B(2)以及表4。
LSeMAAL主要与关键氨基酸残基Ser555、和Arg415和Gln530形成3个氢键,与Tyr334、Tyr525和Tyr572形成疏水相互作用,此外还与关键氨基酸残基附近的氨基酸残基Ala556、Gly364、Gly509以及Gly603形成氢键以及疏水相互作用。
LSeMAL与Arg415形成氢键和疏水相互作用,此外还与Tyr334和Arg380形成疏水相互作用。另外这些肽均与附近的氨基酸残基形成各种非共价键。所有这些相互作用促使肽紧密结合在Keap1的结合位点。
另外这两个肽均与附近的氨基酸残基形成各种非共价键。所有这些相互作用促使肽紧密结合在Keap1的结合位点。
这些结果表明2个富硒抗氧化肽均可以插入Keap1的口袋并介导Nrf2的激活,均为Keap1的抑制剂。因此,这2个富硒抗氧化肽能够与Keap1蛋白的关键氨基酸残基以及附近的氨基酸发生相互作用,阻碍Keap1-Nrf2的相互作用,维持组织高Nrf2水平,进而激活抗氧化应激反应,从而增强机体清除自由基的能力。另外,富硒抗氧化肽中硒原子连接甲基的C原子可与Ala556和Tyr334形成疏水相互作用。硒可能影响或直接构成肽的活性中心,可以催化或直接参与自由基的清除,增强肽的抗氧化能力。研究表明,Se-Met是蛋氨酸中的硫被硒取代所形成的一种有机硒,作为植物中硒的主要存在形式之一,可以抑制生长迟缓,对氧化应激和细胞凋亡的影响很大。富硒辣木籽中有机硒主要以硒代蛋氨酸形式存在,因此推测硒代蛋氨酸和肽可能对富硒抗氧化肽的抗氧化活性有协同作用。
表4 富硒抗氧化肽与Keap1(4L7B)的分子对接结果
从上述各实施例可知,本发明首次从富硒辣木籽蛋白酶解物中纯化鉴定出2个新型富硒抗氧化肽(LSeMAAL和LSeMAL)并对其活性机制进行了研究。细胞实验表明,这2个富硒抗氧化肽显示了优秀的细胞抗氧化活性,而且对AAPH诱导的HepG2细胞氧化损伤具有明显的保护作用。更重要的是,这2个富硒抗氧化肽均可通过降低ROS保护AAPH诱导的HepG2细胞免受氧化应激,增强内源性抗氧化酶(SOD和CAT)的防御能力系统。为了进一步了解富硒抗氧化肽的抗氧化活性机制,通过分子对接模拟预测肽与Keap1之间作用位点和作用方式,结果表明富硒抗氧化肽通过结合Keap1口袋中的Nrf2位点,与Tyr334,Tyr525,Tyr572,Arg380,Arg415、Gln530和Ser555关键氨基酸结合的氢键、π-π相互作用和疏水相互作用可能有助于肽与Keap1的结合能力,可以通过参与Keap1-Nrf2信号通路来促进体内抗氧化活性。这些新型富硒多肽具有作为天然抗氧化剂在功能食品中的应用前景。
最后应当指出的是,以上实施例仅是本发明的具有代表性的例子。显然,本发明的技术方案并不限于上述实施例,还可有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明内容直接导出或联想到所有变形,均应认为是本发明的权利要求的保护范围。
序列表
<110> 华南农业大学
<120> 一种富硒抗氧化肽及其应用
<160> 2
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 5
<212> PRT
<213> 富硒抗氧化肽(1)
<400> 1
Leu Met Ala Ala Leu
1 5
<210> 2
<211> 4
<212> PRT
<213> 富硒抗氧化肽(2)
<400> 2
Leu Met Ala Leu
1
Claims (6)
1.一种富硒抗氧化肽,其特征在于,所述富硒抗氧化肽为如SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:2所示序列的肽,且所述肽中的甲硫氨酸M中的硫元素被硒取代。
2.根据权利要求1所述富硒抗氧化肽,其特征在于,所述富硒抗氧化肽来源于富硒辣木籽。
3.根据权利要求1所述富硒抗氧化肽,其特征在于,当肽的序列为SEQ ID NO:1时,所述富硒抗氧化肽的分子量为565.2379Da。
4.根据权利要求1所述富硒抗氧化肽,其特征在于,当肽的序列为SEQ ID NO:2时,所述富硒抗氧化肽的分子量为494.2007Da。
5.权利要求1~4任一所述富硒抗氧化肽在制备抗氧化剂中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述应用,其特征在于,所述富硒抗氧化肽在制备食品、化妆品或保健品中的应用。
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