CN114409074A - Integrated efficient anaerobic reactor and working method thereof - Google Patents
Integrated efficient anaerobic reactor and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/286—Anaerobic digestion processes including two or more steps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C02F3/2813—Anaerobic digestion processes using anaerobic contact processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/2866—Particular arrangements for anaerobic reactors
- C02F3/2873—Particular arrangements for anaerobic reactors with internal draft tube circulation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/02—Temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/40—Liquid flow rate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/42—Liquid level
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated efficient anaerobic reactor and a working method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment. Comprises a reactor body, a water inlet system and a biogas collecting system; a granular sludge expanded bed area, a main reaction area, a secondary reaction area and a static settling area are sequentially arranged from the bottom to the top in the reactor body; a gas-water separation chamber is arranged on one side inside the reactor body, a gas collection chamber is arranged at the upper part of the gas-water separation chamber, and the gas collection chamber is connected with a methane collection system; the lower part of the gas-water separation chamber is connected with an inner return pipe, the outlet of the inner return pipe is communicated to the granular sludge expanded bed area, and a two-stage three-phase separator is arranged in the reactor. The water inlet is entered by the water distribution device at the bottom of the reactor and is discharged by the water collecting tank at the top. The invention has reasonable structural design and wide adaptability, the structure has strong air stripping power reflux, and the operation energy consumption is low; meanwhile, the floor area is small, the daily operation and maintenance are simple, the operation cost is low, and the application prospect is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to an integrated efficient anaerobic reactor and a working method thereof.
Background
In the wastewater treatment industry, a plurality of methods for treating high-concentration biochemical wastewater exist, wherein the common processes are mainly divided into three modes of physical and chemical treatment, biochemical treatment, physical and biochemical treatment and the like, and the principle of the physical and chemical treatment process is a treatment method for separating pollutants from sewage by adopting a physical method or a physical and chemical method so as to purify the sewage; the principle of the biochemical treatment process is a method for removing pollutants from sewage by using microorganisms to perform redox decomposition under proper conditions in a specific reactor so as to purify the sewage.
The operation cost of the biochemical method treatment is far lower than the treatment cost of the physicochemical method; the biochemical treatment is divided into an anaerobic biological treatment method and an aerobic biological treatment method, the operation cost of the anaerobic biological treatment is much lower than that of the aerobic biological treatment in view of the treatment cost, and the selection of the anaerobic biological treatment as the pretreatment of the aerobic biological treatment for the biochemical wastewater treatment process with COD concentration higher than 2000mg/L is a scheme commonly used by current high-concentration wastewater treatment design engineers. The anaerobic biological treatment process is not enough by simple common equipment, and novel equipment with high efficiency and low cost is needed.
The development of anaerobic reactors has been over three generations, and there are many kinds, such as the first generation conventional anaerobic reactor (CADT), the total mixed reactor (CSTR) and the anaerobic contact digester (ACP), the second generation attached membrane type digester, the anaerobic fluidized bed and expanded bed reactor (AFBR), the upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor (UASB) and the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR), the upflow anaerobic biofilm reactor (UBF), and the like, the third generation expanded granular sludge bed reactor (EGSB) and the internal circulation anaerobic reactor (IC), and the like. Currently, the common anaerobic reactors include UASB anaerobic reactors, EGSB anaerobic reactors and IC anaerobic reactors. However, the existing anaerobic reactor generally has the defects of complex structure and large occupied area, needs other auxiliary equipment, has large operation energy consumption and brings inconvenience to daily operation and maintenance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide an integrated efficient anaerobic reactor and a working method thereof, the structural design is reasonable, the adaptability is wide, the structure has strong air stripping power reflux, and the operation energy consumption is low; meanwhile, the floor area is small, the daily operation and maintenance are simple, and the operation cost is low.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses an integrated efficient anaerobic reactor, which comprises a reactor body, a water inlet system and a methane collecting system, wherein the reactor body is provided with a water inlet pipe and a methane collecting pipe; a granular sludge expanded bed area, a main reaction area, a secondary reaction area and a static settling area are sequentially arranged from the bottom to the top in the reactor body; a gas-water separation chamber is arranged on one side inside the reactor body, a gas collection chamber is arranged at the upper part of the gas-water separation chamber, and the gas collection chamber is connected with a methane collection system; the lower part of the gas-water separation chamber is connected with an inner return pipe, and the outlet of the inner return pipe is communicated with the granular sludge expanded bed area; a primary three-phase separator is arranged between the main reaction area and the secondary reaction area, the primary three-phase separator is connected with a primary methane collecting pipe, and the primary methane collecting pipe is communicated with the gas-water separation chamber; a second-stage three-phase separator is arranged between the secondary reaction zone and the static settling zone, the second-stage three-phase separator is connected with a second-stage biogas collecting pipe, and the second-stage biogas collecting pipe is communicated with the gas-water separation chamber; the bottom of the reactor body is provided with a water inlet and a sludge discharge port, and the top of the reactor body is provided with a water outlet; a water distribution device is arranged between the water inlet and the granular sludge expanded bed area and is connected with a water inlet system; a water collecting tank is arranged above the static settling area and is connected with the water outlet through a pipeline; a plurality of sampling ports are arranged at different heights of the reactor body.
Preferably, the water inlet system comprises an adjusting tank and a lift pump, the adjusting tank is connected with the lift pump, and the lift pump is connected with the water distribution device; a water inlet flowmeter is arranged on a pipeline between the lift pump and the water distribution device, and a first temperature sensor, a first pH sensor and a liquid level sensor are arranged in the regulating tank.
Preferably, the biogas collection system comprises a biogas cabinet, a pressure gauge and a biogas outlet are arranged on the biogas cabinet, the biogas cabinet is connected with the collection chamber through a biogas gas pipe, a biogas pipe valve is arranged on the biogas gas pipe, the biogas gas pipe is connected with a pressure relief pipe, and a biogas pressure relief valve is arranged on the pressure relief pipe.
Preferably, the sampling ports comprise a first sampling port at the same height as the granular sludge expanded bed area, a second sampling port at the same height as the main reaction area, a third sampling port at the same height as the secondary reaction area and a fourth sampling port at the same height as the static settling area.
Preferably, the outlet of the inner return pipe is located in the middle of the granular sludge expanded bed zone.
Preferably, the water distribution device comprises a water inlet barostat and a plurality of independent water distribution pipes connected with the water inlet barostat, and the water distribution pipes are uniformly distributed in the granular sludge expanded bed area.
Preferably, a second temperature sensor and a second pH sensor are arranged in the water collecting tank; the gas-water separation chamber is provided with a magnetic flap level meter.
The invention discloses a working method of the integrated efficient anaerobic reactor, which comprises the following steps:
after the pH and the temperature of the sewage are adjusted in the water inlet system, the sewage enters the bottom of the reactor through the water distribution device, is fully mixed with the mixed liquid from the inner return pipe and then carries out biochemical reaction in the granular sludge expanded bed area, and organic matters are oxidized and decomposed in the main reaction area to generate a large amount of methane; collecting the methane and a part of gas-water mixed liquid by a first-stage three-phase separator under the action of gas stripping power, then allowing the methane and the part of gas-water mixed liquid to enter a gas-water separation chamber for gas-liquid separation, collecting the methane in a gas collection chamber at the upper part of the gas-water separation chamber, and allowing the methane to enter a methane collection system; the muddy water mixed liquid returns to the bottom of the reactor along the inner return pipe under the action of gravity and is mixed and diluted with the inlet water to form internal circulation, and the two streams of water are mixed and then rise to enter a granular sludge expansion bed area for reciprocating circulation; one part of the wastewater treated by the main reaction zone circularly flows back, the other part of the wastewater enters a sludge bed of a secondary reaction zone through a primary three-phase separator to carry out secondary oxidation-reduction degradation, generated biogas is collected by a secondary three-phase separator, a gas-water mixed solution and a part of sludge-water mixture enter a gas-water separation chamber through a primary biogas collecting pipe under the gas stripping power of the biogas, the biogas is collected to a gas collection chamber, and the sludge-water mixture returns to the bottom of the reactor along an inner return pipe under the action of gravity; the wastewater treated by the secondary reaction zone enters a static settling zone after being separated by a secondary three-phase separator, and supernatant is discharged from a water outlet through a water collecting tank; one part of the granular sludge returns to the secondary reaction zone under the action of gravity, and the other part of the granular sludge enters the gas-water separation chamber along with the stripping action of the methane and returns to the granular sludge expanded bed zone to form secondary reflux, so that the buffer capacity of the organic load at the bottom of the reactor is enhanced, various extracellular enzymes are continuously released in the metabolism process of microorganisms, the flocculent sludge serving as a carrier generates a self-flocculation function, and the flocculent sludge gradually forms granular sludge under the pushing and shearing action of water power; the reactor is monitored by sampling through a plurality of sampling ports in the running process.
Preferably, the sewage is adjusted before entering the system, the pH is 6.0-7.0, the temperature is 20-55 ℃, and the COD concentration is 2000-20000 mg/L.
Preferably, when the reactor is started for the first time, flocculent activated anaerobic sludge matched with the sewage property is added, so that the sludge concentration in the reactor is more than or equal to 5 g/L.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the integrated efficient anaerobic reactor disclosed by the invention, the reaction area adopts a two-stage three-phase separator design, so that the volume load of the reactor can be greatly improved (the volume load can reach more than 30kgCOD/d per cubic meter), the volume of the reactor is reduced, the investment cost is reduced, the SS of effluent can be ensured to be at a lower level, and the subsequent advanced treatment is facilitated; the strong stripping-powered reflux can improve the efficiency and reaction rate of the reactor. Compared with other external anaerobic reactors of the gas-water separator, the built-in gas-water separator has four advantages, firstly, the risk of leakage caused by loosening of a connecting part or aging of a sealing element in the installation or operation process of a methane pipeline is avoided, secondly, the built-in gas-water separator has a water sealing function, a water sealing tank can be directly saved, investment is saved, the liquid level (namely water head pressure) in a gas chamber can be manually or automatically adjusted, flexible adjustability is provided for subsequent methane recovery and comprehensive utilization, thirdly, the gas stripping kinetic energy of methane can be furthest increased by small liquid level difference between the inner side and the outer side of the gas-water separator, the internal reflux ratio is far larger than that of other types of anaerobic reactors without power reflux, fourthly, the structure is simple, the occupied area is saved, and the built-in gas-water separator can be transported to a site for one-time hoisting or assembled on the site; in addition, the biogas can be effectively recycled for secondary utilization, and additional value is created. The main functional areas of the reactor are distributed in the height direction, the height-to-diameter ratio is reasonable, the occupied land can be effectively saved, and the reactor has a very wide market prospect nowadays when the land is increasingly tense; the reactor is flexible in shape and material, can be round or square, can be newly built, can be used for old modification, and can adopt a steel structure or a steel concrete structure; the reactor can realize a larger internal reflux ratio, does not need external power, can effectively save electric energy, has wide water inlet temperature and PH value range, and effectively saves the addition of external heat energy and alkalinity; after flocculent sludge with low cost is added when the reactor is started, anaerobic granular sludge can be quickly formed by utilizing the advantage of large reflux ratio, so that the starting cost is greatly saved; because the structure is simple, the used equipment is less, and the daily maintenance cost is extremely low.
Further, the methane cabinet can ensure the safety and stability of the system through the pressure gauge, and the pressure is adjusted through the pressure release valve, so that methane is stably output.
Furthermore, by arranging the sampling ports in different areas of the reactor, sampling observation can be carried out according to actual needs, and the real-time reaction condition of the reactor can be mastered.
Furthermore, the outlet of the inner return pipe is positioned in the middle of the granular sludge expanded bed area, so that the return flow uniformly enters the granular sludge expanded bed area, and the reaction efficiency and effect are improved.
Furthermore, the water distribution device comprises a water pressure barostat and a plurality of independent water distribution pipes connected with the water pressure barostat, the independent water distribution pipes can be uniformly distributed in the granular sludge expanded bed area at the bottom of the reactor according to the shape of the reactor, and meanwhile, the water can be uniformly distributed in the granular sludge expanded bed area by stabilizing the pressure through the water pressure barostat, and the water can be flushed and blocked regularly.
Furthermore, the gas-water separation chamber is provided with a magnetic turning plate liquid level meter, so that the liquid level condition in the gas-water separation chamber can be observed in real time, and the liquid level can be controlled in real time by matching with a control system.
The working method of the integrated efficient anaerobic reactor disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high automation degree, energy conservation, environmental protection, low operation and maintenance cost, wide applicability and good application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 is a regulating tank, 2 is a first temperature sensor, 3 is a first pH sensor, 4 is a lift pump, 5 is a water distribution device, 6 is an inner return pipe, 7 is a granular sludge expansion bed region, 8 is a main reaction region, 9 is a primary three-phase separator, 10 is a secondary reaction region, 11 is a secondary three-phase separator, 12 is a gas-water separation chamber, 13 is a gas collection chamber, 14 is a static settling region, 15 is a water collection tank, 16 is a second temperature sensor, 17 is a second pH sensor, 18 is a water outlet, 19 is a liquid level meter, 20 is a sludge discharge blow-down valve, 21 is a biogas cabinet, 22 is a biogas outlet, 23 is a primary biogas collection pipe, 24 is a secondary biogas collection pipe, 25 is a control system, 26 is a water inlet flow meter, 27 is a biogas pipe valve, 28 is a biogas pressure release valve, 29 is a sampling port, 29-1 is a first sampling port, 29-2 is a second sampling port, and 29-3 is a third sampling port, 29-4 is a fourth sampling port, and 30 is a liquid level sensor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are included to illustrate and not to limit the invention:
referring to fig. 1, the integrated high efficiency anaerobic reactor, also called an integrated high efficiency anaerobic biological treatment reactor (EABR), of the present invention comprises a reactor body, a water inlet system and a biogas collection system; a granular sludge expanded bed area 7, a main reaction area 8, a secondary reaction area 10 and a static settling area 14 are sequentially arranged from the bottom to the top in the reactor body; a gas-water separation chamber 12 is arranged on one side inside the reactor body, a gas collection chamber 13 is arranged on the upper part of the gas-water separation chamber 12, and the gas collection chamber 13 is connected with a methane collection system; the lower part of the gas-water separation chamber 12 is connected with an inner return pipe 6, and the outlet of the inner return pipe 6 is communicated with the granular sludge expanded bed area 7; a primary three-phase separator 9 is arranged between the main reaction zone 8 and the secondary reaction zone 10, the primary three-phase separator 9 is connected with a primary biogas collecting pipe 23, and the primary biogas collecting pipe 23 is communicated with the gas-water separation chamber 12; a secondary three-phase separator 11 is arranged between the secondary reaction zone 10 and the static settling zone 14, the secondary three-phase separator 11 is connected with a secondary biogas collecting pipe 24, and the secondary biogas collecting pipe 24 is communicated with the gas-water separation chamber 12; the bottom of the reactor body is provided with a water inlet and a sludge discharge port, and the top of the reactor body is provided with a water outlet 18; a water distribution device 5 is arranged between the water inlet and the granular sludge expanded bed area 7, and the water distribution device 5 is connected with a water inlet system; a water collecting tank 15 is arranged above the static settling area 14, and the water collecting tank 15 is connected with a water outlet 18 through a pipeline; a plurality of sampling ports 29 are arranged at different heights of the reactor body.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the water inlet system comprises an adjusting tank 1 and a lift pump 4, wherein the adjusting tank 1 is connected with the lift pump 4, and the lift pump 4 is connected with a water distribution device 5; a water inlet flow meter 26 is arranged on a pipeline between the lift pump 4 and the water distribution device 5, and a first temperature sensor 2, a first pH sensor 3 and a liquid level sensor 30 are arranged in the adjusting tank 1.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the biogas collection system comprises a biogas tank 21, the biogas tank 21 is provided with a pressure gauge and a biogas outlet 22, the biogas tank 21 is connected with the collection chamber 13 through a biogas pipe, the biogas pipe is provided with a biogas pipe valve 27, the biogas pipe is connected with a pressure relief pipe, and the pressure relief pipe is provided with a biogas pressure relief valve 28.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sampling ports 29 include a first sampling port 29-1 at the same level as the granular sludge expanded bed zone 7, a second sampling port 29-2 at the same level as the primary reaction zone 8, a third sampling port 29-3 at the same level as the secondary reaction zone 10, and a fourth sampling port 29-4 at the same level as the static settling zone 14.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the outlet of the inner return pipe 6 is located in the middle of the granular sludge expanded bed zone 7.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water distribution device 5 comprises a water pressure barostat and a plurality of independent water distribution pipes connected to the water pressure barostat, and the plurality of water distribution pipes are uniformly distributed in the granular sludge expanded bed region 7.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a second temperature sensor 16 and a second pH sensor 17 are provided in the water collection tank 15; the gas-water separation chamber 12 is provided with a liquid level meter 19.
The integrated efficient anaerobic reactor works:
after the pH and the temperature of the sewage are adjusted in the water inlet system, the sewage enters the bottom of the reactor through the water distribution device 5, the sewage is fully mixed with the mixed liquid from the inner return pipe 6 and then carries out biochemical reaction in the granular sludge expanded bed region 7, and organic matters are oxidized and decomposed in the main reaction region 8 to generate a large amount of methane; after being collected by a first-stage three-phase separator 9 under the air stripping power, the methane and a part of gas-water mixed liquid enter a gas-water separation chamber 12 for gas-liquid separation, and the methane is gathered in a gas collection chamber 13 at the upper part of the gas-water separation chamber 12 and then enters a methane collection system; the muddy water mixed liquid returns to the bottom of the reactor along the inner return pipe 6 under the action of gravity and is mixed and diluted with the inlet water to form internal circulation, and the two streams of water are mixed and then rise to enter a granular sludge expansion bed area 7 for reciprocating circulation; one part of the wastewater treated by the main reaction zone 8 is circulated and returned, the other part of the wastewater enters a granular sludge bed of a secondary reaction zone 10 through a primary three-phase separator 9 for secondary oxidation-reduction degradation, generated biogas is collected by a secondary three-phase separator 11, a gas-water mixed solution and a part of sludge-water mixture enter a gas-water separation chamber 12 through a primary biogas collecting pipe 23 under the gas stripping power of the biogas, the biogas is collected in a gas collection chamber 13, and the sludge-water mixture returns to the bottom of the reactor along an inner return pipe 6 under the action of gravity; the wastewater treated by the secondary reaction zone 10 is separated by a secondary three-phase separator 11 and then enters a static settling zone 14, and supernatant is discharged from a water outlet 18 through a water collecting tank 15; one part of the granular sludge returns to the secondary reaction zone 10 under the action of gravity, and the other part of the granular sludge enters the gas-water separation chamber 12 along with the gas stripping action and returns to the granular sludge expanded bed zone 7 to form secondary reflux, so that the buffer capacity of the organic load at the bottom of the reactor is enhanced, various extracellular enzymes are continuously released in the metabolism process of microorganisms, the flocculent sludge serving as a carrier generates a self-flocculation function, and a large amount of granular sludge is gradually formed under the pushing and shearing action of water power; during the operation of the reactor, a plurality of sampling ports 29 are used for sampling to observe the reaction condition in real time.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pH of the wastewater is 6.0-7.0, the temperature is 20-55 ℃, and the optimal COD concentration is 2000-20000 mg/L after the wastewater is adjusted in the water inlet system.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, when the reactor is started for the first time, flocculent activated anaerobic sludge matched with sewage is added, so that the concentration of the mixed liquid in the reactor is over 5 g/L.
The basic principle of anaerobic biological reaction is as follows.
1. A hydrolysis stage: typical organic substances in wastewater, such as cellulose, are decomposed into cellobiose and glucose by cellulase, starch is decomposed into maltose and glucose, and proteins are decomposed into short peptides and amino acids. The decomposed small molecules can enter the cell body through the cell wall to be decomposed in the next step; 2. and (3) acidification stage: the micromolecule organic matter enters the cell body to be converted into simpler compounds and is distributed outside the cell, the main product of the stage is volatile fatty acid VFA, and meanwhile, partial products such as alcohol, lactic acid, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and the like are generated; 3. an acetic acid production stage: at this stage, the product of the last step is further converted into acetic acid, carbonic acid, hydrogen and new cellular material; 4. a methanogenesis stage: at this stage, acetic acid, hydrogen, carbonic acid, formic acid and methanol are all converted to methane, carbon dioxide and new cellular material. Researchers have also combined these four stages into two or three stages, which in all cases explain the basic principles of anaerobic reactions.
The working principle of the integrated efficient anaerobic reactor is as follows:
after the pH and the temperature of the sewage are adjusted in the adjusting tank 1, the sewage firstly enters a mixing area at the bottom of the reactor through a lifting pump 4 and a water distribution device 5, and then enters a granular sludge expansion bed area 7 at the bottom of the reactor for biochemical reaction after being fully mixed with the mixed liquid from an inner return pipe 6, organic matters are oxidized and decomposed in a main reaction area 8, the organic load of COD at the position is the highest, and most of the COD of the inlet water is degraded at the position to generate a large amount of methane. The biogas and a part of gas-water mixed liquid are collected by the first-stage three-phase separator 9 under the power of gas stripping and then automatically enter the built-in gas-water separation chamber 12, the gas-water separation is immediately carried out after the mixed liquid enters the gas-water separation chamber 12 due to the fact that the bubbles of the biogas are light, the biogas is gathered at the top of the gas-water separation chamber 12, the mud-water mixed liquid returns to the bottom of the reactor along the inner return pipe 6 under the action of gravity and is mixed and diluted with inlet water to form internal circulation, the local organic load is reduced to a certain extent, and the shock resistance of the system is enhanced. The two streams of water are mixed and then rise into a granular sludge expansion bed area 7 for reciprocating circulation. According to different water inlet COD loads and different structures of the reactor, the internal circulation flow can reach 2-10 times of the water inlet flow. A part of the wastewater treated by the main reaction zone 8 circularly flows back, a part of the wastewater enters a granular sludge bed of a secondary reaction zone 10 through a primary three-phase separator 9 to be subjected to secondary oxidation-reduction degradation, generated biogas is collected by a secondary three-phase separator 11, a gas-water mixed solution and a part of sludge-water mixture enter a gas-water separation chamber 12 through a primary biogas collecting pipe 23 under the gas stripping power of the biogas, the biogas is collected to the top, the sludge-water mixture returns to the bottom of the reactor along an inner return pipe 6 under the action of gravity, and the principle is that the same-stage three-phase separator 9 is adopted. The wastewater treated by the secondary reaction zone 10 is separated by a secondary three-phase separator 11 and then enters a static settling zone 14 at the upper part of the reactor, the supernatant is discharged out of the reactor through a water collecting tank 15, one part of the granular sludge returns to the secondary reaction zone 10 under the action of gravity, and the other part of the granular sludge enters a gas-water separation chamber 12 along with the action of gas stripping and returns to a granular sludge expanded bed zone 7 at the bottom to form secondary reflux, so that the buffer capacity of the bottom organic load is enhanced. Various extracellular enzymes are continuously released in the metabolism process of microorganisms to enable flocculent sludge serving as a carrier to generate a self-flocculation function, and granular sludge is naturally formed under the driving of water power and the strong shearing action. The biogas is connected to a biogas recovery system through a pipeline at the topmost part, a liquid level meter 19 for observing and controlling the liquid level is arranged outside the gas collection chamber 13 at the topmost part of the gas-water separation chamber 12, and the liquid level of the gas-water separation chamber 12 can be adjusted through manual adjustment or automatic control.
The invention is further illustrated below in a specific embodiment:
the sewage is adjusted in the adjusting tank 1, the pH value detected by the first pH sensor 3 reaches 6.0-7.0, and the first temperature isThe temperature detected by the sensor 2 reaches a set range, the temperature is uniformly fed into a granular sludge expanded bed region 7 at the bottom of the reactor through an external water distribution device 5 by a lift pump 4, the granular sludge expanded bed region is fully mixed with internal circulation mixed liquid mixed with muddy water from an internal reflux pipe 6 in the process of sewage rising, the mixed liquid continuously rises and is fed into a main reaction region 8 for biochemical reaction, most organic matters are oxidized and decomposed in the main reaction region, the organic load of COD at the position is the highest, most COD of inlet water is degraded at the position, and a large amount of methane is generated; after the methane and a part of gas-water mixed liquid (the density is far less than that of water) generate kinetic energy in the rising process, the kinetic energy is collected by a primary three-phase separator 9 and then is collected by a primary methane collecting pipe 23, the flow rate is accelerated, the kinetic energy is superposed to form strong gas stripping power to drive a part of the mixed liquid to enter a built-in gas-water separation chamber 12, the methane bubbles are light and are continuously rubbed and collided with each other to become large bubbles in the rising process in a pipeline, the pressure is immediately released after the mixed liquid enters the gas-water separation chamber 12, the gas and the liquid are quickly separated, the methane is gathered in a gas collecting chamber 13 at the top of the gas-water separation chamber 12, the mud-water mixed liquid returns to the bottom of the reactor (a granular sludge expansion bed area 7) along an inner return pipe 6 under the action of gravity to form internal circulation to be mixed and diluted with raw water, and the returned mixed liquid is degraded once through a main reaction area 8, so that the COD concentration is far lower than that of the raw water, the local COD concentration is reduced to a certain extent, and the impact resistance of the system to the COD concentration of the inlet water is enhanced; on the other hand, the buffering is the pH value neutralization capacity because the VFA (volatile fatty acid) of raw water is very high, so the pH value of the raw water is low, a certain amount of alkalinity needs to be added before water enters to adjust the pH value to be more than 6.0, and most of CH generated by the VFA is degraded after the returned mixed solution passes through the main reaction zone 84、CO2After the water is mixed, the alkalinity of the water per se can be increased, the pH value of the water mixed with the water inlet water is increased to form alkalinity buffer, the inhibition effect of the acidity of the VFA on methane bacteria is weakened, and the water continuously rises to enter a granular sludge expanded bed area 7, so that a benign environment is formed in a continuous circulation manner. According to different water inlet COD loads and different structures of the reactor, the internal circulation flow can reach 1-5 times of the water inlet flow. A part of the wastewater treated by the granular sludge expanded bed zone 7 and the main reaction zone 8 is recycledFlowing, wherein a part of wastewater enters a secondary reaction zone 10 through a primary three-phase separator 9 and is subjected to secondary oxidation reduction degradation with a granular sludge expanded bed zone 7, generated biogas is collected by a secondary three-phase separator 11, a gas-water mixture and a part of sludge-water mixture enter a gas-water separation chamber 12 through a secondary biogas collecting pipe 24 under the gas stripping power of the biogas, the biogas is collected to a gas collection chamber 13 at the top, and the sludge-water mixture returns to the bottom of the reactor along a shared inner return pipe 6 under the action of gravity to form secondary reflux; a part of wastewater is treated by a secondary reaction zone 10, is separated by a secondary three-phase separator 11 and then enters a static settling zone 14 at the upper part of the reactor, and supernatant after mud-water separation is collected by a water collecting tank 15 and then is discharged out of the reactor through a water outlet 18; the granular sludge returns to the secondary reaction zone 10 under the action of gravity, larger granules slide down along the inclined plane of the secondary three-phase separator 11 and then pass through the secondary reaction zone 10 to fall onto the inclined plane of the primary three-phase separator 9, at the moment, if the diameter of the granules is large enough, the falling speed is greater than the flow speed of ascending water flow, the granules fall to the main reaction zone 8, otherwise, the granules stay on the inclined plane of the secondary reaction zone 10 or the primary three-phase separator 9; the COD of the mixed solution after the secondary reflux is about 20 percent of that of the raw water and the VFA is greatly reduced after the two-time oxidation-reduction degradation, so the pH value is further increased, and the buffering capacity of the organic load and the alkalinity at the bottom is enhanced after the mixed solution is mixed with the primary reflux. After the methane is released, the methane enters an upper gas collecting chamber 13 of the gas-water separation chamber 12 and is connected to a methane cabinet 21 of a methane recovery system through a topmost pipeline. A magnetic turning plate type liquid level meter 19 for observing and controlling liquid level is arranged at the outer sides of the gas-water separation chamber 12 and the gas collection chamber 13, and the liquid level height of the gas-water separation chamber 12 can be controlled through a manual or automatic control system 25 so as to maintain stable methane output pressure. The methane is a precious secondary energy source, and the maximum recovery of the methane is also a bright point of the reactor.
The operation key points of the initial starting and automatic operation are as follows:
1. when the reactor is started for the first time, a certain amount of flocculent activated anaerobic sludge (which can be replaced by nitrified sludge of a sewage treatment plant under an unconditional condition) for treating the same type of wastewater needs to be added into the reactor, the added sludge ensures that the concentration of the mixed liquid in the whole reactor reaches above about 5g/l, and then clear water is supplemented by the water inlet and distribution device 5 until the water is discharged from the water outlet 18;
2. when the reactor is started for the first time, the COD concentration of the wastewater in the regulating tank 1 is preferably diluted or controlled to be 5000-10000 mg/L, the water temperature is controlled to be about 30 ℃ (no temperature rise condition is excluded), the pH value is controlled to be about 7.0, the lift pump 4 is started, the flow is observed and controlled not to exceed the designed flow through the water inlet flow meter 26, the initial water inlet amount accounts for about one third of the reactor, the water inlet is stopped, the pH value change and the gas production condition of the outlet water of the reactor are observed, and the methane pipe valve 27 at the top of the gas collection chamber 13 of the reactor is closed;
3. when the liquid level is observed to drop to a certain scale through a magnetic turning plate type liquid level meter 19 at the upper part of the reactor, a methane pressure release valve 28 is opened to release the gas inside, the gas is discharged at high altitude (if the condition is met, the gas is discharged after being processed by a waste gas processing system), the gas is far away from open fire, and the methane pressure release valve 28 is closed after the gas is discharged (the methane pressure release valve 28 is closed after the gas is discharged for 5-8 times, a methane pipe valve 27 is opened, and methane formally enters a methane cabinet 21 of a methane recovery system); then the lift pump 4 is started, the water inflow is the same as the last time, the gas production condition is continuously observed, and the pH value of the effluent (monitored by the second pH sensor 17) is not lower than 6.5;
4. when the pH value of the effluent begins to continuously rise to about 7.5 by repeating the operations, indexes such as SV30, VFA, MLSS, granulation rate and the like of sampling ports (a first sampling port 29-1, a second sampling port 29-2, a third sampling port 29-3 and a fourth sampling port 29-4) at all heights of the reactor are detected every day, and when all the indexes are normal, the time interval of twice water inflow is gradually shortened, and finally, the continuous water inflow is realized;
5. when important indexes such as COD, VFA, pH value, MLSS, water temperature and the like of the effluent are detected in a timing manner and are not abnormal, the COD concentration of the raw water in the regulating tank 1 is gradually increased until the operation is carried out at full load;
6. after the full-load operation is stable, all indexes normally indicate that the start debugging is finished, the whole stage is relatively long, and the situation that the load is repeatedly reduced and then increased in the start debugging process due to the reasons of water quality change, water temperature influence, sudden change of the pH value of the incoming water, the inhibition effect of toxic and harmful substances on microorganisms and the like in some debugging processes also belongs to a normal phenomenon;
7. the reactor can also be debugged and normally operated in a fully automatic mode, which is described as follows: after starting for 2-4 weeks, the automatic debugging mode can be set through the control system 25, after corresponding parameters are input, the control system 25 starts the lifting pump 4 to feed water at regular time according to instructions, and the water feeding time is automatically accumulated and prolonged until the continuous operation is realized. When the inlet water temperature (monitored by the first temperature sensor 2), the pH value (monitored by the first pH sensor 3) or the liquid level (monitored by the liquid level sensor 30) exceeds a set range, the control system 25 stops the operation of the lift pump 4 and sends an alarm signal, when the outlet water temperature (monitored by the second temperature sensor 16) and the pH value (monitored by the second pH sensor 17) exceed the range set by the control system 25, the control system 25 stops the operation of the lift pump 4 and sends an alarm signal, the control system 25 can synchronously upload information to the client APP, the remote monitoring operation or the setting of various parameters can be realized by a mobile phone or a computer, and the remote unmanned operation is realized, so that the operation cost is greatly saved;
8. the manual starting can properly accelerate the debugging step according to the actual state of the reactor, and the debugging period is shortened; after setting parameters in the automatic debugging mode, the control system 25 automatically prolongs the water inlet time of the lift pump 4 according to the program, and finally finishes the water inlet time on the date of setting and finishing the debugging, although the debugging can not be finished in advance, the control system is very favorable for the stability of the system operation;
9. the current situation of every manufacturing enterprise's waste water is very different, under the different, the different condition of raw water temperature of COD concentration, the design scope of volume load also is different, and the time that the start-up debugging needs also has certain difference, specifically see the following table:
currently, common anaerobic reactors in practical application are UASB anaerobic reactors, EGSB anaerobic reactors and IC anaerobic reactors, and the performances of UASB, IC and EABR of the invention are compared as follows:
the above description is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and although some terms are used in the present invention, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used merely for convenience in describing and explaining the nature of the invention and are to be construed as any additional limitation which is not in accordance with the spirit of the invention. The foregoing is merely an illustration of the present invention for the purpose of providing an easy understanding and is not intended to limit the present invention to the particular embodiments disclosed herein, and any technical extensions or innovations made herein are protected by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An integrated efficient anaerobic reactor is characterized by comprising a reactor body, a water inlet system and a methane collecting system; a granular sludge expanded bed area (7), a main reaction area (8), a secondary reaction area (10) and a static settling area (14) are sequentially arranged from the bottom to the top in the reactor body; a gas-water separation chamber (12) is arranged on one side inside the reactor body, a gas collection chamber (13) is arranged on the upper part of the gas-water separation chamber (12), and the gas collection chamber (13) is connected with a methane collection system; the lower part of the gas-water separation chamber (12) is connected with an inner return pipe (6), and the outlet of the inner return pipe (6) is communicated with the granular sludge expanded bed area (7); a primary three-phase separator (9) is arranged between the main reaction zone (8) and the secondary reaction zone (10), the primary three-phase separator (9) is connected with a primary biogas collecting pipe (23), and the primary biogas collecting pipe (23) is communicated with a gas-water separation chamber (12); a secondary three-phase separator (11) is arranged between the secondary reaction zone (10) and the static settling zone (14), the secondary three-phase separator (11) is connected with a secondary biogas collecting pipe (24), and the secondary biogas collecting pipe (24) is communicated with the gas-water separation chamber (12); the bottom of the reactor body is provided with a water inlet and a sludge discharge port, and the top of the reactor body is provided with a water outlet (18); a water distribution device (5) is arranged between the water inlet and the granular sludge expanded bed area (7), and the water distribution device (5) is connected with a water inlet system; a water collecting tank (15) is arranged above the static settling area (14), and the water collecting tank (15) is connected with a water outlet (18) through a pipeline; a plurality of sampling ports (29) are arranged at different heights of the reactor body.
2. The integrated efficient anaerobic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the water inlet system comprises a regulating tank (1) and a lift pump (4), the regulating tank (1) is connected with the lift pump (4), and the lift pump (4) is connected with the water distribution device (5); a water inlet flow meter (26) is arranged on a pipeline between the lift pump (4) and the water distribution device (5), and a first temperature sensor (2), a first pH sensor (3) and a liquid level sensor (30) are arranged in the adjusting tank (1).
3. The integrated efficient anaerobic reactor according to claim 1, wherein the biogas collection system comprises a biogas tank (21), a pressure gauge and a biogas outlet (22) are arranged on the biogas tank (21), the biogas tank (21) is connected with the collection chamber (13) through a biogas pipe, a biogas pipe valve (27) is arranged on the biogas pipe, the biogas pipe is connected with a pressure relief pipe, and a biogas pressure relief valve (28) is arranged on the pressure relief pipe.
4. The integrated high-efficiency anaerobic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the sampling ports (29) comprise a first sampling port (29-1) at the same height as the granular sludge expanded bed zone (7), a second sampling port (29-2) at the same height as the main reaction zone (8), a third sampling port (29-3) at the same height as the secondary reaction zone (10), and a fourth sampling port (29-4) at the same height as the static settling zone (14).
5. An integrated high efficiency anaerobic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet of the inner return pipe (6) is located in the middle of the granular sludge expanded bed zone (7).
6. The integrated efficient anaerobic reactor according to claim 1, wherein the water distribution device (5) comprises a water inlet barostat and a plurality of independent water distribution pipes connected with the water inlet barostat, and the plurality of water distribution pipes are uniformly distributed in the granular sludge expanded bed region (7).
7. The integrated efficient anaerobic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that a second temperature sensor (16) and a second pH sensor (17) are arranged in the water collecting tank (15); the gas-water separation chamber (12) is provided with a magnetic turning plate liquid level meter (19).
8. The working method of the integrated efficient anaerobic reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
after the pH and the temperature of the sewage are adjusted in the water inlet system, the sewage enters the bottom of the reactor through the water distribution device (5), the sewage and the mixed liquid from the inner return pipe (6) are fully mixed and then carry out biochemical reaction in the granular sludge expansion bed area (7), and organic matters are oxidized and decomposed in the main reaction area (8) to generate a large amount of methane; the biogas and a part of gas-water mixed liquid are collected by a first-stage three-phase separator (9) under the power of gas stripping, then enter a gas-water separation chamber (12) for gas-liquid separation, and the biogas is gathered in a gas collection chamber (13) at the upper part of the gas-water separation chamber (12) and then enters a biogas collection system; the muddy water mixed liquid returns to the bottom of the reactor along the inner return pipe (6) under the action of gravity and is mixed and diluted with the inlet water to form internal circulation, and the two streams of water are mixed and then rise to enter a granular sludge expanded bed area (7) for reciprocating circulation; one part of the wastewater treated by the main reaction zone (8) is circulated and returned, the other part of the wastewater enters a sludge bed of a secondary reaction zone (10) through a primary three-phase separator (9) to be subjected to secondary oxidation-reduction degradation, generated biogas is collected by a secondary three-phase separator (11), a gas-water mixed solution and a part of sludge-water mixture enter a gas-water separation chamber (12) through a primary biogas collecting pipe (23) under the gas stripping power of the biogas, the biogas is collected into a gas collection chamber (13), and the sludge-water mixture returns to the bottom of the reactor along an inner return pipe (6) under the action of gravity; the wastewater treated by the secondary reaction zone (10) enters a static settling zone (14) after being separated by a secondary three-phase separator (11), and supernatant is discharged from a water outlet (18) through a water collecting tank (15); one part of the granular sludge returns to the secondary reaction zone (10) under the action of gravity, and the other part of the granular sludge enters the gas-water separation chamber (12) along with the stripping action of the methane gas and returns to the granular sludge expanded bed zone (7) to form secondary reflux, so that the buffer capacity of the organic load at the bottom of the reactor is enhanced, various extracellular enzymes are continuously released in the metabolism process of microorganisms, the flocculent sludge serving as a carrier generates a self-flocculation function, and the granular sludge is gradually formed under the pushing and shearing action of water power; the reactor is monitored during operation by sampling through a plurality of sampling ports (29).
9. The working method of the integrated high-efficiency anaerobic reactor according to claim 8, wherein the sewage is adjusted before entering the system, the pH is 6.0-7.0, the temperature is 20-55 ℃, and the COD concentration is 2000-20000 mg/L.
10. The working method of the integrated efficient anaerobic reactor according to claim 8, characterized in that flocculent activated anaerobic sludge matched with the sewage property is added when the reactor is started for the first time, so that the sludge concentration in the reactor is more than or equal to 5 g/L.
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