CN114407458A - Composite molded body based on EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer) foaming material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite molded body based on EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer) foaming material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
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- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/14—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising synthetic rubber copolymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B25/045—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/18—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising butyl or halobutyl rubber
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
- B32B5/20—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material foamed in situ
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/16—Elastomeric ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers, e.g. EPR and EPDM rubbers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B32B2266/02—Organic
- B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2266/0242—Acrylic resin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/16—Ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2355/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers, obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in groups C08J2323/00 - C08J2353/00
- C08J2355/02—Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene [ABS] polymers
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer) foaming materials, in particular to a composite forming body based on an EPDM foaming material and a preparation method thereof. The composite molded body based on the EPDM foamed material comprises a closed-cell rubber layer formed by closed-cell foaming of ethylene-propylene-non-conjugated diene; a solid rubber layer composed of a rubber containing ethylene-propylene-nonconjugated diene and acrylonitrile-butadiene; an open-cell rubber layer formed by open-cell foaming acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin; the closed-cell rubber layer, the solid rubber layer and the open-cell rubber layer are sequentially manufactured into an integrated structure from top to bottom in a vulcanization molding mode, so that the composite molded body not only ensures proper hardness, but also has sufficient flexibility; the problem of traditional solid rubber layer and obturator rubber layer or open pore rubber layer because of the bonding agent inefficacy or the flaw that bonding operation process appears and arouse a series of problems is solved, guarantees the stability and the security of heavy haul railway transportation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer) foaming materials, in particular to a composite forming body based on an EPDM foaming material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the construction of high-speed railways and subways in China develops rapidly. Due to the requirement of energy expansion, at present, the heavy haul railway in China begins to develop from 25T axle weight to 30T axle weight or even higher axle weight. With the increase of axle weight, the damage of heavy-duty railway transportation to the track structure is very serious, which requires technical modification of the railway. For example, the II-type sleeper is replaced by the III-type sleeper, and the 60Kg/m steel rail is replaced by the 75Kg/m steel rail, so that the measures can increase the structural strength of the track and improve the stability of the track, bear larger and larger wheel rail force to reduce the damage to the track structure, but simultaneously, the structural rigidity of the track is also increased. Under otherwise identical conditions. When 75kg/m rail is used. The vertical bending rigidity of the steel rail is increased by 39.5 percent compared with 60 kg/m; the overall stiffness of the rail is increased by 8.6%. In other words, the elasticity of the rail is reduced by 8.6% after using a 75kg/m rail. Due to the reduction of the overall elasticity of the rail, the damage of the rail structure is accelerated. Therefore, when the 75kg/m rail is used to replace the 60kg/m rail, the rubber under-sleeper damping pad with high strength, high elasticity, stable performance and long service life should be replaced to make up for the originally insufficient rail elasticity.
However, most of the railway sleeper lower damping rubber bearing plates on the current market are single solid rubber bearing plates or single microporous foamed rubber bearing plates. Under the transportation of a heavy haul railway with the axle load of 30T, the single solid rubber base plate cannot provide enough elasticity to achieve the purpose of shock absorption, and the single microporous foamed rubber base plate cannot guarantee the physical damage of the ballast, the gravel and the like to the single microporous foamed rubber base plate under the action of huge wheel and rail force, namely the service performance and the service life of the microporous foamed rubber base plate cannot be guaranteed.
In order to ensure high elasticity, high strength, stable performance and long service life of the rubber shock absorption base plate, the solid rubber layer and the micropore foaming rubber layer are compounded and molded. The method mainly uses an adhesive to bond a solid rubber layer and a microporous foamed rubber layer together at present, but the method is difficult to ensure the rigidity consistency of the rubber shock absorption cushion plate, and meanwhile, the solid rubber layer and the microporous foamed rubber layer are peeled off under the action of railway transportation due to the fact that the adhesive layer is easy to lose efficacy or flaws appear in the bonding operation process along with the time extension and the influence of environmental climate, and the rigidity and the performance of the rubber shock absorption cushion plate are changed at the moment, so that the stability and the safety of the heavy haul railway transportation are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has an object to solve at least one of the technical problems of the prior art and to provide a composite molded body based on an EPDM foamed material and a method for producing the same.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the composite molded body based on the EPDM foamed material comprises a closed-cell rubber layer, wherein the closed-cell rubber layer is formed by closed-cell foaming of ethylene-propylene-non-conjugated diene;
a solid rubber layer, said solid rubber layer being comprised of a rubber composition comprising ethylene-propylene-non-conjugated diene and acrylonitrile-butadiene;
the open pore rubber layer is formed by opening pores of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin;
the closed-cell rubber layer, the solid rubber layer and the open-cell rubber layer are sequentially manufactured into an integrated structure from top to bottom in a vulcanization molding mode.
Further, the viscosity of the solid rubber layer is greater than that of the solid rubber layer and the perforated rubber layer; and the thickness ratio of the closed-cell rubber layer, the solid rubber layer and the open-cell rubber layer is 0.5-2:1-3: 1.
Further, the temperature of generating air bubbles when the closed-pore rubber layer and the open-pore rubber layer are vulcanized is 160-180 ℃.
Further, the non-conjugated diene comprises one or more of ethylidene norbornane, dicyclopentadiene and 1, 4-hexadiene.
Further, the closed-cell rubber layer is composed of the following raw materials, by weight, 100 parts of ethylene-propylene-non-conjugated diene, 6-8 parts of an activating agent, 1-2 parts of an anti-aging agent, 3-9 parts of a foaming agent, 80-100 parts of a filler, 15-20 parts of a softener and 3-4 parts of a vulcanizing agent.
Further, the solid rubber layer is composed of the following raw materials, by weight, 100 parts of ethylene-propylene-non-conjugated diene, 20-40 parts of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, 6-8 parts of an activator, 1-2 parts of an anti-aging agent, 90-100 parts of a filler, 15-20 parts of a softener and 3-4 parts of a vulcanizing agent.
Further, the open pore rubber layer is composed of the following raw materials, by weight, 100 parts of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin, 6-8 parts of an activator, 1-2 parts of an anti-aging agent, 3-9 parts of a foaming agent, 70-80 parts of a filler, 20-30 parts of a softener and 3-4 parts of a vulcanizing agent.
Furthermore, the diameter of the closed-cell rubber layer is 0.5-1.0 mm.
Furthermore, the diameter of the cells of the open-cell rubber layer is 1.0-1.5 mm.
A method for producing a composite molded body based on an EPDM foam material, comprising the following steps:
s1, preheating the die to 60 ℃, then filling the prepared mixed rubber material of the solid rubber layer into the bottom die, covering the cover plate, pressurizing to 9-10MPa, and stabilizing the pressure for 30 seconds;
s2, opening the cover plate, removing the extruded rubber material, putting the prepared mixed rubber material of the closed-pore rubber layer, covering the cover plate again, pressurizing to 7-8MPa, and stabilizing the pressure for 30 seconds;
s3, removing the cover plate, removing the redundant extruded rubber edge, putting the prepared mixed rubber material of the perforated rubber layer, covering the cover plate, pressurizing to 5-6MPa, heating to 165-175 ℃, vulcanizing for 15-20min, and opening the cover plate to obtain the composite molded body.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: as is apparent from the above description of the present invention, the composite molded body based on the EPDM foamed material of the present invention, compared with the prior art, includes a closed-cell rubber layer formed by closed-cell foaming of ethylene-propylene-nonconjugated diene; a solid rubber layer, said solid rubber layer being comprised of a rubber composition comprising ethylene-propylene-non-conjugated diene and acrylonitrile-butadiene; the open pore rubber layer is formed by opening pores of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin; the closed-cell rubber layer, the solid rubber layer and the open-cell rubber layer are sequentially manufactured into an integrated structure from top to bottom in a vulcanization molding mode, so that the composite molded body not only ensures proper hardness, but also has sufficient flexibility; the problem of traditional solid rubber layer and obturator rubber layer or open cell rubber layer cause because of the flaw that the binder became invalid or bonding operation process appears is solved, guarantee the stability and the security of heavy haul railway transportation, also solved single solid rubber backing plate and single obturator or open cell foaming backing plate simultaneously and can't satisfy the technical problem that heavy haul railway transported.
In the invention, the solid rubber layer, the closed-cell rubber layer and the open-cell rubber layer form an integral three-dimensional net structure through a cross-linking reaction at a certain temperature and under a certain pressure, and simultaneously, under the preparation process of the invention, gas generated by vulcanization of the open-cell foamed rubber and the closed-cell foamed rubber on a joint surface between the solid rubber layer and the closed-cell rubber layer can be effectively discharged, so that the solid rubber layer and the closed-cell rubber layer are compounded and formed into an inseparable integral product.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an EPDM foamed material-based composite molded body in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. a closed cell rubber layer; 2. a solid rubber layer; 3. and the rubber layer is provided with holes.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being fixed or detachable or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a composite molded body based on EPDM foam according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a closed-cell rubber layer 1, the closed-cell rubber layer 1 being formed by closed-cell foaming of ethylene-propylene-ethylidene norbornane;
a solid rubber layer 2, wherein the solid rubber layer 2 is composed of ethylene-propylene-1, 4-hexadiene and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber;
the perforated rubber layer 3 is formed by perforating and foaming acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin; the closed-cell rubber layer 1, the solid rubber layer 2 and the open-cell rubber layer 3 are sequentially manufactured into an integrated structure from top to bottom in a vulcanization molding mode, so that the composite molded body not only ensures proper hardness, but also has sufficient flexibility; the problem of traditional solid rubber layer and obturator rubber layer or open cell rubber layer cause because of the flaw that the binder became invalid or bonding operation process appears is solved, guarantee the stability and the security of heavy haul railway transportation, also solved single solid rubber backing plate and single obturator or open cell foaming backing plate simultaneously and can't satisfy the technical problem that heavy haul railway transported.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it may also have the following additional technical features: the viscosity of the solid rubber layer is larger than that of the solid rubber layer and the perforated rubber layer.
In this example, the temperature at which bubbles were generated during vulcanization of the closed-cell rubber layer and the open-cell rubber layer was 160 ℃.
In the embodiment, the closed-cell rubber layer is composed of the following raw materials, by weight, 100 parts of ethylene-propylene-ethylidene norbornane, 6 parts of an activating agent, 1 part of an anti-aging agent, 3 parts of a foaming agent, 80 parts of a filler, 15 parts of a softening agent and 3 parts of a vulcanizing agent.
In this embodiment, the solid rubber layer is composed of the following raw materials, by weight, 100 parts of ethylene-propylene-1, 4-hexadiene, 20 parts of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, 6 parts of an activator, 1 part of an anti-aging agent, 90 parts of a filler, 15 parts of a softener, and 3 parts of a vulcanizing agent.
In this embodiment, the perforated rubber layer is composed of the following raw materials, by weight, 100 parts of an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin, 6 parts of an activator, 1 part of an antioxidant, 3 parts of a foaming agent, 70 parts of a filler, 20 parts of a softener, and 3 parts of a vulcanizing agent.
The thickness of the composite molded body based on the EPDM foamed material prepared in this example was 12mm, wherein the closed-cell rubber layer was 3.5mm, the solid rubber layer was 5mm, and the open-cell rubber layer was 3.5 mm; the diameter of the cell of the closed cell rubber layer is 0.6 mm; the diameter of the cells of the open-cell rubber layer is 1.2 mm.
A method for producing a composite molded body based on an EPDM foam material, comprising the following steps:
s1, preheating the die to 60 ℃, then filling the prepared mixed rubber material of the solid rubber layer into the bottom die, covering the cover plate, pressurizing to 9MPa, and stabilizing the pressure for 30 seconds;
s2, opening the cover plate, removing the extruded rubber material, putting the prepared mixed rubber material of the closed-pore rubber layer, covering the cover plate again, pressurizing to 7MPa, and stabilizing the pressure for 30 seconds;
and S3, removing the cover plate, removing the redundant extruded rubber edge, putting the prepared mixed rubber material of the perforated rubber layer, covering the cover plate, pressurizing to 5MPa, heating to 165 ℃, vulcanizing for 15min, and opening the cover plate to obtain the composite molded body.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 in that: the composite molded body based on the EPDM foamed material comprises a closed-cell rubber layer 1, wherein the closed-cell rubber layer 1 is formed by closed-cell foaming of ethylene-propylene-ethylidene norbornane;
a solid rubber layer 2, wherein the solid rubber layer 2 is composed of ethylene-propylene-dicyclopentadiene and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber;
an open-cell rubber layer 3, wherein the open-cell rubber layer 3 is formed by opening and foaming acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin.
In this example, the temperature at which bubbles were generated during vulcanization of the closed-cell rubber layer and the open-cell rubber layer was 170 ℃.
In the embodiment, the closed-cell rubber layer is composed of the following raw materials, by weight, 100 parts of ethylene-propylene-ethylidene norbornane, 7 parts of an activating agent, 1.5 parts of an anti-aging agent, 6 parts of a foaming agent, 90 parts of a filler, 18 parts of a softening agent, and 3.5 parts of a vulcanizing agent.
In the embodiment, the solid rubber layer is composed of the following raw materials, by weight, 100 parts of ethylene-propylene-dicyclopentadiene, 30 parts of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, 7 parts of an activator, 1.5 parts of an anti-aging agent, 95 parts of a filler, 18 parts of a softener, and 3.5 parts of a vulcanizing agent.
In this embodiment, the perforated rubber layer is composed of the following raw materials, by weight, 100 parts of an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin, 7 parts of an activator, 1.5 parts of an anti-aging agent, 6 parts of a foaming agent, 75 parts of a filler, 25 parts of a softener, and 3.5 parts of a vulcanizing agent.
The thickness of the composite molded body based on the EPDM foamed material prepared in this example is 12mm, wherein the closed-cell rubber layer is 4mm, the solid rubber layer is 6mm, and the open-cell rubber layer is 2 mm; the diameter of the cell of the closed cell rubber layer is 0.8 mm; the diameter of the cells of the open-cell rubber layer is 1.3 mm.
A method for producing a composite molded body based on an EPDM foam material, comprising the following steps:
s1, preheating the die to 60 ℃, then filling the prepared mixed rubber material of the solid rubber layer into the bottom die, covering the cover plate, pressurizing to 10MPa, and stabilizing the pressure for 30 seconds;
s2, opening the cover plate, removing the extruded rubber material, putting the prepared mixed rubber material of the closed-pore rubber layer, covering the cover plate again, pressurizing to 7-8MPa, and stabilizing the pressure for 30 seconds;
and S3, removing the cover plate, removing the redundant extruded rubber edge, putting the prepared mixed rubber material of the perforated rubber layer, covering the cover plate, pressurizing to 6MPa, heating to 170 ℃, vulcanizing for 18min, and opening the cover plate to obtain the composite molded body.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 in that: an EPDM foam-based composite molded body comprises a closed-cell rubber layer 1, wherein the closed-cell rubber layer 1 is formed by closed-cell foaming of ethylene-propylene-1, 4-hexadiene;
a solid rubber layer 2, wherein the solid rubber layer 2 is composed of ethylene-propylene-dicyclopentadiene and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber;
an open-cell rubber layer 3, wherein the open-cell rubber layer 3 is formed by opening and foaming acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin.
In this example, the temperature at which bubbles were generated during vulcanization of the closed-cell rubber layer and the open-cell rubber layer was 180 ℃.
In the embodiment, the closed-cell rubber layer is composed of the following raw materials, by weight, 100 parts of ethylene-propylene-1, 4-hexadiene, 8 parts of an activating agent, 2 parts of an anti-aging agent, 9 parts of a foaming agent, 100 parts of a filler, 20 parts of a softener and 4 parts of a vulcanizing agent.
In the embodiment, the solid rubber layer is composed of the following raw materials, by weight, 100 parts of ethylene-propylene-dicyclopentadiene, 40 parts of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, 8 parts of an activator, 2 parts of an anti-aging agent, 100 parts of a filler, 20 parts of a softener, and 4 parts of a vulcanizing agent.
In this embodiment, the perforated rubber layer is composed of the following raw materials, by weight, 100 parts of an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin, 8 parts of an activator, 2 parts of an anti-aging agent, 9 parts of a foaming agent, 80 parts of a filler, 30 parts of a softener, and 4 parts of a vulcanizing agent.
The thickness of the composite molded body based on the EPDM foamed material prepared in this example is 12mm, wherein the closed-cell rubber layer is 3mm, the solid rubber layer is 7mm, and the open-cell rubber layer is 2 mm; the diameter of the cell of the closed cell rubber layer is 1.0 mm; the diameter of the cells of the open-cell rubber layer is 1.5 mm.
A method for producing a composite molded body based on an EPDM foam material, comprising the following steps:
s1, preheating the die to 60 ℃, then filling the prepared mixed rubber material of the solid rubber layer into the bottom die, covering the cover plate, pressurizing to 10MPa, and stabilizing the pressure for 30 seconds;
s2, opening the cover plate, removing the extruded rubber material, putting the prepared mixed rubber material of the closed-pore rubber layer, covering the cover plate again, pressurizing to 8MPa, and stabilizing the pressure for 30 seconds;
and S3, removing the cover plate, removing the redundant extruded rubber edge, putting the prepared mixed rubber material of the perforated rubber layer, covering the cover plate, pressurizing to 6MPa, heating to 175 ℃, vulcanizing for 20min, and opening the cover plate to obtain the composite molded body.
Example 4
This example differs from example 2 in that: the thickness of the composite molded body based on the EPDM foamed material prepared in this example is 12mm, wherein the closed-cell rubber layer is 2mm, the solid rubber layer is 6mm, and the open-cell rubber layer is 4 mm; the diameter of the cell of the closed cell rubber layer is 0.8 mm; the diameter of the cells of the open-cell rubber layer is 1.3 mm.
Comparative example 1
This example differs from example 2 in that: the open-pore rubber layer is changed into a closed-pore rubber layer, namely, the composite forming body is sequentially provided with the closed-pore rubber layer, the solid rubber layer and the closed-pore rubber layer from top to bottom.
Comparative example 2
This example differs from example 2 in that: the closed-cell rubber layer is changed into the open-cell rubber layer, namely, the composite forming body is sequentially provided with the open-cell rubber layer, the solid rubber layer and the open-cell rubber layer from top to bottom.
The products obtained in examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 and comparative examples 1 and 2 are subjected to physical and mechanical property detection
The tensile strength, the elongation at break, the compression set, the hot air aging, the qualitative analysis of components, the water resistance and the like of the samples of the examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 are detected, and the detection results all meet the industrial standard;
the detection results of the comparative examples 1 and 2 do not meet the industrial standard.
1. Static stiffness test
Samples having a size of 200X 250X 15mm were cut out from the composite molded articles obtained in examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 and comparative examples 1 and 2, respectively, and divided into a test group and a control group, each of which was divided into three pieces. And (3) putting the test group sample into a hot air aging box to perform an aging test according to the conditions of 100 +/-1 ℃ and 72 hours, and putting the control group sample at room temperature.
After the aging is finished, static rigidity tests are carried out on a plurality of groups of samples, and the test results are as follows.
TABLE 1 static stiffness comparison test before and after aging
TABLE 1
It can be seen from Table 1 that the static stiffness of the composite molded articles obtained in examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 increases after aging at 100. + -. 1 ℃ for 72 hours, because a series of chemical reactions mainly involving the crosslinking effect occur in the rubber at this stage, which further increases the crosslinking density of the product, resulting in the increase of the properties such as the hardness of the composite molded article. When the same force is loaded during the static stiffness test, the compression amount of the sample is smaller than that before aging, and the static stiffness value calculated according to the formula is larger, namely the static stiffness of the product is increased after aging.
As is clear from examples 2 and 4 or comparative examples 1 and 2, the solid rubber layer and the open-cell rubber layer can be increased in crosslinking density by the crosslinking reaction, and the properties such as hardness of the composite molded body can be increased.
The static rigidity change rates of the samples before and after aging of the composite molded articles obtained in examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 were all calculated to be not more than 20% from Table 1, and all satisfied the requirement of the static rigidity change rate before and after aging specified in the iron department. Therefore, the solid rubber-microcellular foam rubber composite material prepared by the process has stable rigidity.
2. Corner edge resistance test of railway ballast contact surface
The apex of a regular triangular pyramid simulating the edge angle of a crushed stone is pressed into a solid rubber layer of 5mm of a sample (3 parts of the sample, which is respectively taken from the products obtained in examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 and comparative examples 1 and 2) with the size of 50 multiplied by 15mm, the sample is taken out after heat treatment at 70 ℃ for 24 hours, the sample is placed at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the residual indentation depth is measured by a vernier caliper, wherein the thickness of the sample in examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 is less than or equal to 4mm, the surface is intact, and no cracking phenomenon exists.
Comparative examples 1 and 2, the surface exhibited various degrees of cracking.
3. Peeling test:
the electronic tensile testing machine is used for clamping the closed-cell rubber layer at one end and clamping the open-cell rubber layer at the other end to carry out a peeling test, and the damage of the sample is bound to occur on the microcellular foaming rubber layer and not to occur on the combined surface of the microcellular foaming rubber layer and the open-cell rubber layer.
When the products obtained in the examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 and the comparative examples 1 and 2 are used for a track base plate, under the speed of 300 km/h of a locomotive, the time interval of the front bogie and the rear bogie passing through the same place is 0.1-0.5 seconds, and the vibration frequency can be roughly measured to be 1-6 Hz. 5Hz is selected as the experimental frequency, and the ratio of the dynamic stiffness to the static stiffness of the product is 1.5: 1 or less. After 300 ten thousand fatigue tests, no crack and stickiness are seen on the surfaces of the products in the examples 1, 2, 3 and 4, no peeling phenomenon is seen on the closed-cell rubber layer, the solid rubber layer and the open-cell rubber layer, when the products are fatigued for about 100 ten thousand times, the temperature rise is basically stable, the maximum temperature rise value is 10 ℃, and the fatigue permanent deformation is about 1.0 mm.
In comparative examples 1 and 2, the crack stickiness occurred to various degrees.
At a certain temperature, the double bonds in the rubber molecules react with the vulcanizing agent, so that the macromolecules with linear structures are crosslinked into macromolecules with three-dimensional net structures, and the rubber material has the excellent properties of high strength, high elasticity, high wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. In the invention, the solid rubber layer, the closed-cell rubber layer and the open-cell rubber layer form an integral three-dimensional net structure through a cross-linking reaction at a certain temperature and under a certain pressure, and simultaneously, under the preparation process of the invention, gas generated by vulcanization of the open-cell foamed rubber and the closed-cell foamed rubber on a joint surface between the solid rubber layer and the closed-cell rubber layer can be effectively discharged, so that the solid rubber layer and the closed-cell rubber layer are compounded and formed into an inseparable integral product.
The invention integrates the compounding of the closed-cell rubber layer, the solid rubber layer and the open-cell rubber layer at one time in the vulcanization stage, saves time and labor and is beneficial to controlling and adjusting the rigidity of the product.
The above additional technical features can be freely combined and used in superposition by those skilled in the art without conflict.
It is to be understood that the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, and that various changes in the features and embodiments, or equivalent substitutions may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A composite molded body based on an EPDM foam material, characterized in that: the rubber layer comprises a closed-cell rubber layer, wherein the closed-cell rubber layer is formed by closed-cell foaming of ethylene-propylene-non-conjugated diene;
a solid rubber layer, said solid rubber layer being comprised of a rubber composition comprising ethylene-propylene-non-conjugated diene and acrylonitrile-butadiene;
the open pore rubber layer is formed by opening pores of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin;
the closed-cell rubber layer, the solid rubber layer and the open-cell rubber layer are sequentially manufactured into an integrated structure from top to bottom in a vulcanization molding mode.
2. The EPDM foamed material-based composite molded body as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the viscosity of the solid rubber layer is greater than that of the solid rubber layer and the perforated rubber layer, and the thickness ratio of the closed-cell rubber layer to the solid rubber layer to the perforated rubber layer is 0.5-2:1-3: 1.
3. The EPDM foamed material-based composite molded body as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the temperature of generating air bubbles when the closed-cell rubber layer and the open-cell rubber layer are vulcanized is 160-180 ℃.
4. The EPDM foamed material-based composite molded body as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the non-conjugated diene comprises one or more of ethylidene norbornane, dicyclopentadiene and 1, 4-hexadiene.
5. The EPDM foamed material-based composite molded body as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the closed-cell rubber layer is composed of the following raw materials, by weight, 100 parts of ethylene-propylene-non-conjugated diene, 6-8 parts of an activating agent, 1-2 parts of an anti-aging agent, 3-9 parts of a foaming agent, 80-100 parts of a filler, 15-20 parts of a softening agent and 3-4 parts of a vulcanizing agent.
6. The EPDM foamed material-based composite molded body as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the solid rubber layer is composed of the following raw materials, by weight, 100 parts of ethylene-propylene-non-conjugated diene, 20-40 parts of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, 6-8 parts of an activator, 1-2 parts of an anti-aging agent, 90-100 parts of a filler, 15-20 parts of a softener and 3-4 parts of a vulcanizing agent.
7. The EPDM foamed material-based composite molded body as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the open pore rubber layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight, including 100 parts of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin, 6-8 parts of an activator, 1-2 parts of an anti-aging agent, 3-9 parts of a foaming agent, 70-80 parts of a filler, 20-30 parts of a softener and 3-4 parts of a vulcanizing agent.
8. The EPDM foamed material-based composite molded body as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the cells of the closed-cell rubber layer is 0.5-1.0 mm.
9. The EPDM foamed material-based composite molded body as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the cells of the open-cell rubber layer is 1.0-1.5 mm.
10. A method for producing a composite molded body based on an EPDM foam material, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preheating the die to 60 ℃, then filling the prepared mixed rubber material of the solid rubber layer into the bottom die, covering the cover plate, pressurizing to 9-10MPa, and stabilizing the pressure for 30 seconds;
s2, opening the cover plate, removing the extruded rubber material, putting the prepared mixed rubber material of the closed-pore rubber layer, covering the cover plate again, pressurizing to 7-8MPa, and stabilizing the pressure for 30 seconds;
s3, removing the cover plate, removing the redundant extruded rubber edge, putting the prepared mixed rubber material of the perforated rubber layer, covering the cover plate, pressurizing to 5-6MPa, heating to 165-175 ℃, vulcanizing for 15-20min, and opening the cover plate to obtain the composite molded body.
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