CN114405683A - Graphite flotation treatment process and device - Google Patents
Graphite flotation treatment process and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114405683A CN114405683A CN202210041157.3A CN202210041157A CN114405683A CN 114405683 A CN114405683 A CN 114405683A CN 202210041157 A CN202210041157 A CN 202210041157A CN 114405683 A CN114405683 A CN 114405683A
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 85
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 241001282153 Scopelogadus mizolepis Species 0.000 description 14
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011221 initial treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- SJWFXCIHNDVPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-2-ol Chemical group CCCCCCC(C)O SJWFXCIHNDVPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; Specified applications
- B03D2203/02—Ores
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a graphite flotation treatment process, which comprises the following steps: s1 coarse screening, S101 crushing, S102 primary screening and S103 secondary screening; s2 large scale fine selection, S201 large scale primary fine selection, S202 large scale primary grinding, S203 large scale secondary fine selection, S204 large scale secondary grinding, and S205 large scale tertiary fine selection; s3 fine scale selection, S301 fine scale primary selection, S302 fine scale primary grinding, S303 fine scale secondary selection, S304 fine scale secondary grinding, and S305 fine scale tertiary selection. An apparatus for a graphite flotation treatment process, the apparatus comprising a classifying flotation device, a flotation machine and a flotation column. The invention aims to solve or at least reduce the problem that the traditional multi-stage grinding and floating lengthy process cannot well protect large scales and improve the selectivity of fine scales, and provides a graphite flotation treatment process and a graphite flotation treatment device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of graphite flotation, in particular to a graphite flotation treatment process and a graphite flotation treatment device.
Background
Graphite is an important non-metal mineral resource, has the properties of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, thermal shock resistance, high strength, good toughness, self lubrication, heat conduction, electric conduction and the like, is widely applied to the industries of metallurgy, machinery, electronics, chemical industry, light industry, military industry, national defense, aerospace, refractory materials and the like, and is an essential non-metal material for the development of high and new technologies at present.
Although the flake graphite has very good natural floatability, the flake graphite has the specific requirement of protecting large flakes, so that the requirements of ore grinding operation on ore grinding time and particle size control are different from those of other minerals in the production process. In the flotation practice of flake graphite, the defects of large flake loss and poor selectivity of fine flakes exist, the graphite product with higher quality is difficult to obtain, and the traditional long multi-stage grinding and floating process is not the best process for protecting the large flakes and improving the selectivity of the fine flakes. Therefore, the flotation and purification of the flake graphite adopt a multi-stage grinding and floating process, and the quality of the concentrate can meet the requirement through multiple times of regrinding and recleaning.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and solve or at least reduce the problems that the traditional multi-stage grinding and floating lengthy process cannot better protect large scales and improve the selectivity of fine scales, and provides a graphite flotation treatment process and a graphite flotation treatment device.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a graphite flotation treatment process comprises the following steps:
s1, coarse screening of mixed meshes;
s101, crushing, namely conveying the graphite raw ore into a roller mill, crushing, conveying into a grading device for grading, controlling a product with a particle size of-180 mu m in the graded overflow to reach 70-75%, and controlling the fixed carbon content of the scavenged tailings to be less than 1%;
s102, primary separation, namely inputting the product obtained in the step S101 into a classifying flotation device, and floating and separating a part of large scale graphite and a part of fine scale graphite;
s103, secondary separation, namely inputting the residual product of the large flake graphite floated in the step S102 into a grading flotation device again, floating a part of large flake graphite and a part of fine flake graphite, wherein the residual product is tailings;
s2, selecting large scales;
s201, selecting large scales at one time, and inputting the large-scale graphite obtained in the step S102 and the step S103 into a flotation machine for sorting to obtain a high-precision large-scale graphite finished product;
s202, grinding the large scale for the first time, drying the residual product in the step S201, and then conveying the dried product to grinding equipment for grinding;
s203, secondary selection of large scales, namely inputting the products ground in the step S202 into a flotation machine for sorting to obtain high-precision large scale graphite finished products;
s204, carrying out secondary grinding on the large scale, drying the residual product in the step S203, and then conveying the dried product to grinding equipment for grinding;
s205, carrying out tertiary fine selection on large scales, and inputting the products ground in the step S204 into a flotation machine for sorting to obtain high-precision large-scale graphite finished products;
s3, fine flake selection;
s301, fine flake primary selection, namely inputting the fine flake graphite obtained in the step S102 and the step S103 into a flotation column for separation to obtain a fine flake graphite finished product with high precision;
s302, grinding the fine scales for the first time, drying the residual product in the step S301, and then conveying the dried product to grinding equipment for grinding;
s303, fine flake secondary selection, namely inputting the product ground in the step S302 into a flotation column for sorting to obtain a fine flake graphite finished product with high precision;
s304, carrying out secondary grinding on the fine scales, drying the residual product in the step S303, and then conveying the dried product to grinding equipment for grinding;
s305, fine flake three-time fine selection, and sorting the product ground in the step S304 in a flotation column to obtain a fine flake graphite finished product with high precision.
In order to further implement the present invention, the following technical solutions may be preferably selected:
preferably, products input into the classification flotation device, the flotation machine and the flotation column are stirred in advance to be prepared into ore pulp and are subjected to ultrasonic pretreatment;
the ore pulp comprises base liquid, a collecting agent, a foaming agent, an inhibitor and a product obtained in the step S101, wherein the mass ratio of the product obtained in the step S101 to the base liquid is 1:10-1: 12.5;
the frequency of the ultrasonic pretreatment is 25KHz, the power output is 1-2KW, the time length is 4-6min, and the ore pulp is cooled to the room temperature after the ultrasonic pretreatment.
Preferably, the base liquid is water, the ore pulp further comprises polyaluminium chloride, and the mass ratio of the polyaluminium chloride to the base liquid is 1:2500-1: 5000.
Preferably, the stirring speed of the ore pulp is adjusted to 25000-3000rpm, and the stirring time is 20 min.
The utility model provides a device for graphite flotation treatment process, the device is including hierarchical flotation device, flotation machine and flotation column, hierarchical flotation device includes that big scale selects separately the subassembly and the component is selected separately to thin scale, the component is selected separately to thin scale sets up in one side that big scale selects separately the subassembly, and thin scale selects separately the subassembly middle part and is provided with into thick liquid mouth, bottom and is provided with the leakage fluid dram, the one end that big scale selected separately the subassembly is provided with the inlet, the bottom is provided with the leakage fluid dram, the thick liquid mouth that advances that the subassembly was selected separately to thin scale communicates to the leakage fluid dram that big scale selected separately the subassembly, and the leakage fluid dram that the subassembly was selected separately to thin scale communicates to the inlet that big scale selected separately the subassembly.
Preferably, the large scale sorting component comprises a sorting tank, a stirring mechanism, a foam scraping mechanism and a mixing column;
the sorting groove is a cuboid shell with an opening at the upper end, and a liquid inlet is formed at one end of the sorting groove;
the mixing column is vertically arranged in a tubular shape, the upper end of the mixing column extends out of the sorting groove, the lower end of the mixing column is located at the bottom in the sorting groove, the middle part and the lower part of the mixing column are respectively provided with an air inlet pipe and a slurry inlet pipe, one end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with the middle part of the mixing column, the other end of the air inlet pipe extends out of the sorting groove upwards, one end of the slurry inlet pipe is communicated with the lower part of the mixing column, the other end of the slurry inlet pipe transversely extends out of the sorting groove, the side surface of the lower part of the mixing column is provided with a discharge port, the lower end of the mixing column is transversely provided with a bottom plate, a plurality of outer fan blades are fixedly arranged on the lower side of the bottom plate in a circumferential array manner, a plurality of feed ports which are communicated up and down are arranged on the inner sides of the outer fan blades;
the stirring mechanism comprises a main shaft, inner fan blades and a stirring motor, the main shaft is coaxially and rotatably arranged in the mixing column, the upper end and the lower end of the main shaft respectively extend out of the mixing column and the bottom plate, the stirring motor is fixedly arranged in the separation tank and is in transmission connection with the upper end of the main shaft, a plurality of inner fan blades are circumferentially arrayed on a section of the main shaft extending out of the bottom, and the inner fan blades are positioned on the inner side of the outer fan blades;
scrape the foam mechanism and set up in separation groove upper end one side, scrape the foam mechanism including scraping the foam motor, scraping the foam axle and scrape the foam board, scrape the foam axle along separation groove length direction setting and rotate with the separation groove and be connected, it is a plurality of scrape foam board circumference array and set up in scraping the foam axle circumference outside, scrape the foam motor fixed set up in the separation groove and with scrape the foam through-drive and be connected.
Preferably, the stirring motor is in transmission connection with the main shaft through a belt transmission mechanism, and the diameter value of a belt pulley of the stirring motor is larger than that of the main shaft.
Preferably, a plurality of flow stabilizing plates are arranged in the middle of the sorting tank along the length direction of the sorting tank in an array mode, and the flow stabilizing plates are arranged in an inclined mode in the front-high and back-low mode along the flowing direction of liquid in the sorting tank.
Preferably, the fine scale sorting component comprises a sorting column, a spray header, a bubble tube and a bubble generation device;
the separation column is a hollow shell, an opening is formed in one side of the upper portion of the separation column, a slurry inlet is formed in the middle of the separation column, the slurry inlet of the separation column is communicated to a discharge port of the separation tank through a pump, the lower end of the separation column is funnel-shaped, a discharge port is formed in the center of the lower end of the separation column, and the discharge port of the separation column is communicated to a liquid inlet of the separation tank through a pump;
the spray header is arranged at the inner upper part of the separation column and is positioned below the opening of the separation column, and the upper end of the spray header extends out of the separation column and is communicated to a municipal water network;
the bubble tubes are uniformly distributed at the lower part of the separation column, extend out of the separation column and are communicated to the bubble generating device.
Preferably, be provided with the sediment storehouse between the discharge gate of sorting the post and the inlet of sorting the groove, sediment storehouse top intercommunication to the discharge gate of sorting the post, sediment storehouse lower part intercommunication to the inlet of sorting the groove, sediment storehouse and the inlet intercommunication department of sorting the groove are provided with the filter screen, and sediment storehouse bottom is provided with openable tailing export.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the process comprises the steps of coarse screening, large scale screening and fine scale screening. The purpose of mixed-mesh roughing is to discharge tailings and reduce graphite loss in the tailings on the premise of ensuring that the scale is damaged as little as possible; the large scale is carefully selected to protect the large scale; the fine scale is selected to improve selectivity.
Wherein, thoughtlessly mesh roughing adopts the hierarchical flotation device, and primary treatment is selected separately big scale graphite and thin scale graphite, need not to carry out many times broken grinding, can not only improve flotation efficiency, can also effectively protect big scale graphite.
The ore pulp is subjected to ultrasonic pretreatment, and the ultrasonic pretreatment can improve the separation effect and improve the quality of the concentrate. Ultrasonic pretreatment generates a large amount of cavitation bubbles, the vibration of the cavitation bubbles cleans the surface of the solid, a gap is formed between the fine-grain gangue embedded in the surface of the crystalline flake graphite and the main body, and the bubbles can be drilled into the gap to vibrate, so that the fine-grain gangue is dissociated; high-speed micro-jet generated on a solid and liquid interface by ultrasonic cavitation can remove or weaken and reduce surface layer pollution of crystalline flake graphite and the embedding quantity of fine gangue particles; the surface of graphite-coated gangue particles is cleaned, and a hydrophilic surface is exposed, so that the flotation selectivity is improved; for the scale surface with the collecting agent adsorption layer, due to the action of ultrasonic cavitation, the two liquids are rapidly dispersed and emulsified at the interface, so that the adsorption quantity of the collecting agent on the surface of the scale is reduced.
The base solution comprises polyaluminium chloride, and the hydrolyzed coagulated colloid particles and insoluble organic products of the polyaluminium chloride are used for improving the flotation precision of the graphite. The hydrolysis of polyaluminium chloride produces electropositive components that electrically neutralize the mica of the negatively charged surface, causing the mica to coagulate; meanwhile, the amorphous hydroxide precipitation generated after the hydrolysis of the polyaluminium chloride further improves the flocculation of impurities.
The stirring speed during the pulp modulation is 25000-3000rpm, the conventional stirring speed is 1000-2800rpm, the pulp mixing speed is increased, the ash content of the concentrate is reduced, the yield of the concentrate is increased, and the ash content of the tailings is increased; the size mixing time is increased, the ash content of the concentrate is reduced, and the ash content of the tailings is increased; the pulp mixing concentration is reduced, and the flotation effect is improved. The flocs formed by high-speed pulp mixing are in a net structure, and the flocs formed by low-speed pulp mixing are in a solid structure. In a low-speed environment, the selectivity when forming the floccule is poor, and the falling effect of the gangue particles wrapped in the floccule is poor due to the solid structure. But under the high-speed environment, the graphite particles and the gangue particles are fully dispersed, and the selectivity is high when the floccules are formed; in addition, the floccules with a net structure have more pores, more graphite particles and gangue particles are exposed in a high-speed environment in the ore pulp, and the falling effect of the gangue particles carried by the floccules is good. The reason for both of these aspects is to reduce the entrainment of gangue particles and the flotation concentrate ash content.
The grading flotation device comprises a large scale sorting component and a fine scale sorting component, and grading selection is performed according to the characteristics of large scale graphite and fine scale graphite, so that the process is simplified, and the sorting effect is improved; meanwhile, a liquid outlet of the fine scale sorting component is communicated to a liquid inlet of the large scale sorting component, and spray water of the fine scale sorting component is recycled, so that waste of water resources is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a classifying flotation unit of the present invention;
figure 2 is a top plan view of a classifying flotation device of the invention;
figure 3 is a side view of a classifying flotation device of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the structure of a classifying flotation device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a large scale sorting assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional structural view of the large scale sorting assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view taken at A of FIG. 6 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a mixing column of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the spindle and inner fan blade of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of the fine flake sorting assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional structural view of the fine flake sorting assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a bubble vial of the present invention;
wherein: 1-a separation tank; 2-mixing column; 3, an air inlet pipe; 4-slurry inlet pipe; 5-a bottom plate; 6-outer fan blades; 7-a main shaft; 8-inner fan blades; 9-a stirring motor; 10-a foam scraping motor; 11-a foam scraping shaft; 12-a foam scraping plate; 13-a flow stabilizer; 14-a sorting column; 15-a spray header; 16-bubble tube.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1-12, a graphite flotation treatment process includes the following steps:
s1, coarse screening of mixed meshes;
s101, crushing, namely conveying the graphite raw ore into a roller mill, crushing, conveying into a grading device for grading, controlling a product with a particle size of-180 mu m in the graded overflow to reach 70-75%, and controlling the fixed carbon content of the scavenged tailings to be less than 1%;
s102, primary separation, namely inputting the product obtained in the step S101 into a classifying flotation device, and floating and separating a part of large scale graphite and a part of fine scale graphite;
s103, secondary separation, namely inputting the residual product of the large flake graphite floated in the step S102 into a grading flotation device again, floating a part of large flake graphite and a part of fine flake graphite, wherein the residual product is tailings;
s2, selecting large scales;
s201, selecting large scales at one time, and inputting the large-scale graphite obtained in the step S102 and the step S103 into a flotation machine for sorting to obtain a high-precision large-scale graphite finished product;
s202, grinding the large scale for the first time, drying the residual product in the step S201, and then conveying the dried product to grinding equipment for grinding;
s203, secondary selection of large scales, namely inputting the products ground in the step S202 into a flotation machine for sorting to obtain high-precision large scale graphite finished products;
s204, carrying out secondary grinding on the large scale, drying the residual product in the step S203, and then conveying the dried product to grinding equipment for grinding;
s205, carrying out tertiary fine selection on large scales, and inputting the products ground in the step S204 into a flotation machine for sorting to obtain high-precision large-scale graphite finished products;
s3, fine flake selection;
s301, fine flake primary selection, namely inputting the fine flake graphite obtained in the step S102 and the step S103 into a flotation column for separation to obtain a fine flake graphite finished product with high precision;
s302, grinding the fine scales for the first time, drying the residual product in the step S301, and then conveying the dried product to grinding equipment for grinding;
s303, fine flake secondary selection, namely inputting the product ground in the step S302 into a flotation column for sorting to obtain a fine flake graphite finished product with high precision;
s304, carrying out secondary grinding on the fine scales, drying the residual product in the step S303, and then conveying the dried product to grinding equipment for grinding;
s305, fine flake three-time fine selection, and sorting the product ground in the step S304 in a flotation column to obtain a fine flake graphite finished product with high precision.
In order to optimize the flotation process and improve the flotation effect, products input into a classification flotation device, a flotation machine and a flotation column are stirred in advance and are adjusted to become ore pulp, and ultrasonic pretreatment is carried out;
the ore pulp comprises base liquid, a collecting agent, a foaming agent, an inhibitor and a product obtained in the step S101, wherein the mass ratio of the product obtained in the step S101 to the base liquid is 1:10-1: 12.5; in the embodiment, the collecting agent is kerosene, the foaming agent is sec-octanol, and the inhibitor is water glass;
the frequency of ultrasonic pretreatment is 25KHz, the power output is 1-2KW, the time length is 4-6min, and the ore pulp is cooled to the room temperature after the ultrasonic pretreatment.
In order to improve the agglomeration rate of mica in the graphite raw ore, the base liquid is water, the ore pulp also comprises polyaluminium chloride, and the mass ratio of the polyaluminium chloride to the base liquid is 1:2500-1: 5000.
In order to reduce particle entrainment in the graphite raw ore and reduce the ash content of the ore concentrate, the stirring speed of the ore pulp is adjusted to 25000-3000rpm, and the stirring time is 20 min.
The utility model provides a device for graphite flotation treatment process, the device is including hierarchical flotation device, flotation machine and flotation column, hierarchical flotation device includes that big scale selects separately the subassembly and the subassembly is selected separately to thin scale, the subassembly is selected separately to thin scale sets up in the one side that the subassembly was selected separately to big scale, thin scale selects separately the subassembly middle part and is provided with into thick liquid mouth, the bottom is provided with the leakage fluid dram, the one end that the subassembly was selected separately to big scale is provided with the inlet, the bottom is provided with the leakage fluid dram, the thick liquid mouth that advances that the subassembly was selected separately to thin scale communicates to the leakage fluid dram that the subassembly was selected separately to big scale, the leakage fluid dram that the subassembly was selected separately to thin scale communicates to the inlet that the subassembly was selected separately to big scale.
In order to optimize the product structure, the large scale sorting component comprises a sorting tank 1, a stirring mechanism, a foam scraping mechanism and a mixing column 2;
the sorting tank 1 is a cuboid shell with an opening at the upper end, and a liquid inlet is arranged at one end of the sorting tank 1;
the mixing column 2 is vertically arranged in a tubular shape, the upper end of the mixing column 2 extends out of the sorting groove 1, the lower end of the mixing column is positioned at the bottom in the sorting groove 1, the middle part and the lower part of the mixing column 2 are respectively provided with an air inlet pipe 3 and a slurry inlet pipe 4, one end of the air inlet pipe 3 is communicated with the middle part of the mixing column 2, the other end of the air inlet pipe extends out of the sorting groove 1 upwards, one end of the slurry inlet pipe 4 is communicated with the lower part of the mixing column 2, the other end of the slurry inlet pipe transversely extends out of the sorting groove 1, the side surface of the lower part of the mixing column 2 is provided with a discharge hole, the lower end of the mixing column 2 is transversely provided with a bottom plate 5, a plurality of outer fan blades 6 are fixedly arranged on the circumferential array of the lower side of the bottom plate 5, a plurality of vertically communicated feed holes are arranged on the circumferential array of the bottom plate 5, and the feed holes are positioned on the inner sides of the outer fan blades 6;
the stirring mechanism comprises a main shaft 7, inner fan blades 8 and a stirring motor 9, the main shaft 7 is coaxially and rotatably arranged in the mixing column 2, the upper end and the lower end of the main shaft 7 respectively extend out of the mixing column 2 and the bottom plate 5, the stirring motor 9 is fixedly arranged in the separation tank 1 and is in transmission connection with the upper end of the main shaft 7, a plurality of inner fan blades 8 are circumferentially arranged at one section of the main shaft 7 extending out of the bottom, and the inner fan blades 8 are positioned on the inner side of the outer fan blades 6;
scrape the foam mechanism and set up in 1 upper end one side in separation groove, scrape the foam mechanism including scraping foam motor 10, scraping foam axle 11 and scraping foam board 12, scrape foam axle 11 and set up and rotate with separation groove 1 along separation groove 1 length direction and be connected, a plurality of 12 circumference arrays of scraping the foam board set up in scraping the foam axle 11 circumference outsides, scrape foam motor 10 fixed set up in separation groove 1 and with scrape foam axle 11 transmission and be connected.
In order to improve the stirring speed, the stirring motor 9 is in transmission connection with the main shaft 7 through a belt transmission mechanism, and the diameter value of a belt pulley of the stirring motor 9 is larger than that of the main shaft 7.
In order to ensure the stability of mineral foam on the upper part of the separation tank 1 during flowing, a plurality of flow stabilizing plates 13 are arranged in the middle of the separation tank 1 along the length direction in an array manner, and the flow stabilizing plates 13 are arranged in an inclined manner along the flowing direction of liquid in the separation tank 1.
The fine scale sorting component comprises a sorting column 14, a spray header 15, an air bubble pipe 16 and an air bubble generating device;
the separation column 14 is a hollow shell, an opening is arranged on one side of the upper part of the separation column 14, a pulp inlet is arranged in the middle of the separation column 14, the pulp inlet of the separation column 14 is communicated to a discharge port of the separation tank 1 through a pump, the lower end of the separation column 14 is funnel-shaped, a discharge port is arranged in the center of the lower end of the separation column 14, and the discharge port of the separation column 14 is communicated to a liquid inlet of the separation tank 1 through a pump;
the spray header 15 is arranged at the inner upper part of the separation column 14 and is positioned below the opening of the separation column 14, and the upper end of the spray header 15 extends out of the separation column 14 and is communicated to a municipal water network;
In order to improve the flotation efficiency, prevent that the tailing from getting into subsequent flotation step, be provided with the sediment storehouse between the discharge gate of separation column 14 and the inlet of separation tank 1, sediment storehouse top intercommunication to the discharge gate of separation column 14, sediment storehouse lower part intercommunication to the inlet of separation tank 1, sediment storehouse and the inlet intercommunication department of separation tank 1 are provided with the filter screen, sediment storehouse bottom is provided with openable tailings export.
The process comprises the steps of coarse screening, large scale screening and fine scale screening. The purpose of mixed-mesh roughing is to discharge tailings and reduce graphite loss in the tailings on the premise of ensuring that the scale is damaged as little as possible; the large scale is carefully selected to protect the large scale; the fine scale is selected to improve selectivity.
Wherein, thoughtlessly mesh roughing adopts the hierarchical flotation device, and primary treatment is selected separately big scale graphite and thin scale graphite, need not to carry out many times broken grinding, can not only improve flotation efficiency, can also effectively protect big scale graphite.
The ore pulp is subjected to ultrasonic pretreatment, and the ultrasonic pretreatment can improve the separation effect and improve the quality of the concentrate. Ultrasonic pretreatment generates a large amount of cavitation bubbles, the vibration of the cavitation bubbles cleans the surface of the solid, a gap is formed between the fine-grain gangue embedded in the surface of the crystalline flake graphite and the main body, and the bubbles can be drilled into the gap to vibrate, so that the fine-grain gangue is dissociated; high-speed micro-jet generated on a solid and liquid interface by ultrasonic cavitation can remove or weaken and reduce surface layer pollution of crystalline flake graphite and the embedding quantity of fine gangue particles; the surface of graphite-coated gangue particles is cleaned, and a hydrophilic surface is exposed, so that the flotation selectivity is improved; for the scale surface with the collecting agent adsorption layer, due to the action of ultrasonic cavitation, the two liquids are rapidly dispersed and emulsified at the interface, so that the adsorption quantity of the collecting agent on the surface of the scale is reduced.
The base solution comprises polyaluminium chloride, and the hydrolyzed coagulated colloid particles and insoluble organic products of the polyaluminium chloride are used for improving the flotation precision of the graphite. The hydrolysis of polyaluminium chloride produces electropositive components that electrically neutralize the mica of the negatively charged surface, causing the mica to coagulate; meanwhile, the amorphous hydroxide precipitation generated after the hydrolysis of the polyaluminium chloride further improves the flocculation of impurities.
The stirring speed during the pulp modulation is 25000-3000rpm, the conventional stirring speed is 1000-2800rpm, the pulp mixing speed is increased, the ash content of the concentrate is reduced, the yield of the concentrate is increased, and the ash content of the tailings is increased; the size mixing time is increased, the ash content of the concentrate is reduced, and the ash content of the tailings is increased; the pulp mixing concentration is reduced, and the flotation effect is improved. The flocs formed by high-speed pulp mixing are in a net structure, and the flocs formed by low-speed pulp mixing are in a solid structure. In a low-speed environment, the selectivity when forming the floccule is poor, and the falling effect of the gangue particles wrapped in the floccule is poor due to the solid structure. But under the high-speed environment, the graphite particles and the gangue particles are fully dispersed, and the selectivity is high when the floccules are formed; in addition, the floccules with a net structure have more pores, more graphite particles and gangue particles are exposed in a high-speed environment in the ore pulp, and the falling effect of the gangue particles carried by the floccules is good. The reason for both of these aspects is to reduce the entrainment of gangue particles and the flotation concentrate ash content.
The grading flotation device comprises a large scale sorting component and a fine scale sorting component, and grading selection is performed according to the characteristics of large scale graphite and fine scale graphite, so that the process is simplified, and the sorting effect is improved; meanwhile, a liquid outlet of the fine scale sorting component is communicated to a liquid inlet of the large scale sorting component, and spray water of the fine scale sorting component is recycled, so that waste of water resources is avoided.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A graphite flotation treatment process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, coarse screening of mixed meshes;
s101, crushing, namely conveying the graphite raw ore into a roller mill, crushing, conveying into a grading device for grading, controlling a product with a particle size of-180 mu m in the graded overflow to reach 70-75%, and controlling the fixed carbon content of the scavenged tailings to be less than 1%;
s102, primary separation, namely inputting the product obtained in the step S101 into a classifying flotation device, and floating and separating a part of large scale graphite and a part of fine scale graphite;
s103, secondary separation, namely inputting the residual product of the large flake graphite floated in the step S102 into a grading flotation device again, floating a part of large flake graphite and a part of fine flake graphite, wherein the residual product is tailings;
s2, selecting large scales;
s201, selecting large scales at one time, and inputting the large-scale graphite obtained in the step S102 and the step S103 into a flotation machine for sorting to obtain a high-precision large-scale graphite finished product;
s202, grinding the large scale for the first time, drying the residual product in the step S201, and then conveying the dried product to grinding equipment for grinding;
s203, secondary selection of large scales, namely inputting the products ground in the step S202 into a flotation machine for sorting to obtain high-precision large scale graphite finished products;
s204, carrying out secondary grinding on the large scale, drying the residual product in the step S203, and then conveying the dried product to grinding equipment for grinding;
s205, carrying out tertiary fine selection on large scales, and inputting the products ground in the step S204 into a flotation machine for sorting to obtain high-precision large-scale graphite finished products;
s3, fine flake selection;
s301, fine flake primary selection, namely inputting the fine flake graphite obtained in the step S102 and the step S103 into a flotation column for separation to obtain a fine flake graphite finished product with high precision;
s302, grinding the fine scales for the first time, drying the residual product in the step S301, and then conveying the dried product to grinding equipment for grinding;
s303, fine flake secondary selection, namely inputting the product ground in the step S302 into a flotation column for sorting to obtain a fine flake graphite finished product with high precision;
s304, carrying out secondary grinding on the fine scales, drying the residual product in the step S303, and then conveying the dried product to grinding equipment for grinding;
s305, fine flake three-time fine selection, and sorting the product ground in the step S304 in a flotation column to obtain a fine flake graphite finished product with high precision.
2. The graphite flotation treatment process according to claim 1, wherein products input into the classification flotation device, the flotation machine and the flotation column are stirred in advance to be prepared into ore pulp and subjected to ultrasonic pretreatment;
the ore pulp comprises base liquid, a collecting agent, a foaming agent, an inhibitor and a product obtained in the step S101, wherein the mass ratio of the product obtained in the step S101 to the base liquid is 1:10-1: 12.5;
the frequency of the ultrasonic pretreatment is 25KHz, the power output is 1-2KW, the time length is 4-6min, and the ore pulp is cooled to the room temperature after the ultrasonic pretreatment.
3. The graphite flotation treatment process according to claim 2, wherein the base liquid is water, the ore pulp further comprises polyaluminium chloride, and the mass ratio of the polyaluminium chloride to the base liquid is 1:2500-1: 5000.
4. The graphite flotation treatment process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the stirring speed of the ore pulp is adjusted to 25000-3000rpm, and the stirring time is 20 min.
5. An apparatus for the graphite flotation treatment process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the apparatus comprises a classification flotation apparatus, a flotation machine and a flotation column, and is characterized in that the classification flotation apparatus comprises a large scale separation component and a fine scale separation component, the fine scale separation component is arranged on one side of the large scale separation component, the middle part of the fine scale separation component is provided with a slurry inlet, the bottom of the fine scale separation component is provided with a liquid outlet, one end of the large scale separation component is provided with a liquid inlet, and the bottom of the large scale separation component is provided with a liquid outlet, the slurry inlet of the fine scale separation component is communicated with the liquid outlet of the large scale separation component, and the liquid outlet of the fine scale separation component is communicated with the liquid inlet of the large scale separation component.
6. An apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the large scale sorting component comprises a sorting tank (1), a stirring mechanism, a foam scraping mechanism and a mixing column (2);
the sorting tank (1) is a cuboid shell with an opening at the upper end, and a liquid inlet is formed at one end of the sorting tank (1);
the mixing column (2) is vertically arranged in a tubular shape, the upper end of the mixing column (2) extends out of the separation groove (1), the lower end of the mixing column is located at the bottom in the separation groove (1), the middle part and the lower part of the mixing column (2) are respectively provided with an air inlet pipe (3) and a slurry inlet pipe (4), one end of the air inlet pipe (3) is communicated with the middle part of the mixing column (2), the other end of the air inlet pipe extends upwards out of the separation groove (1), one end of the slurry inlet pipe (4) is communicated with the lower part of the mixing column (2), the other end of the slurry inlet pipe transversely extends out of the separation groove (1), the side face of the lower part of the mixing column (2) is provided with a discharge hole, the lower end of the mixing column (2) is transversely provided with a bottom plate (5), a plurality of outer fan blades (6) are fixedly arranged on the lower side of the bottom plate (5) in a circumferential array manner, a plurality of vertically communicated feed holes are arranged on the bottom plate (5), and the feed hole is located on the inner side of the outer fan blades (6);
the stirring mechanism comprises a main shaft (7), inner fan blades (8) and a stirring motor (9), the main shaft (7) is coaxially arranged in the mixing column (2) in a rotating mode, the upper end and the lower end of the main shaft (7) respectively extend out of the mixing column (2) and the bottom plate (5), the stirring motor (9) is fixedly arranged in the separation tank (1) and is in transmission connection with the upper end of the main shaft (7), the inner fan blades (8) are arranged on one section of the main shaft (7) extending out of the bottom in a circumferential array mode, and the inner fan blades (8) are located on the inner side of the outer fan blades (6);
scrape the foam mechanism and set up in separation groove (1) upper end one side, scrape the foam mechanism including scraping foam motor (10), scrape foam axle (11) and scrape foam board (12), scrape foam axle (11) along separation groove (1) length direction setting and rotate with separation groove (1) and be connected, a plurality of scrape foam board (12) circumference array and set up in scraping foam axle (11) circumference outside, scrape foam motor (10) fixed set up in separation groove (1) and with scrape foam axle (11) transmission and be connected.
7. A device according to claim 6, characterized in that the stirring motor (9) is in driving connection with the main shaft (7) via a belt drive, and the diameter value of the pulley of the stirring motor (9) is larger than the diameter value of the pulley of the main shaft (7).
8. An apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that a plurality of flow stabilizing plates (13) are arranged in an array along the length direction of the sorting trough (1) at the middle part, and the flow stabilizing plates (13) are arranged in an inclined manner along the flow direction of the liquid in the sorting trough (1).
9. An apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the fine scale sorting assembly comprises a sorting column (14), a shower head (15), a bubble tube (16) and a bubble generating device;
the sorting column (14) is a hollow shell, an opening is formed in one side of the upper portion of the sorting column (14), a pulp inlet is formed in the middle of the sorting column (14), the pulp inlet of the sorting column (14) is communicated to a discharge port of the sorting tank (1) through a pump, the lower end of the sorting column (14) is funnel-shaped, a discharge port is formed in the center of the lower end of the sorting column (14), and the discharge port of the sorting column (14) is communicated to a liquid inlet of the sorting tank (1) through the pump;
the spray header (15) is arranged at the inner upper part of the separation column (14) and is positioned below the opening of the separation column (14), and the upper end of the spray header (15) extends out of the separation column (14) and is communicated to a municipal water network;
the bubble tubes (16) are uniformly distributed at the lower part of the sorting column (14), and the bubble tubes (16) extend out of the sorting column (14) and are communicated with the bubble generating device.
10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that a precipitation bin is arranged between the discharge port of the separation column (14) and the liquid inlet of the separation tank (1), the top of the precipitation bin is communicated with the discharge port of the separation column (14), the lower part of the precipitation bin is communicated with the liquid inlet of the separation tank (1), a filter screen is arranged at the communication position of the precipitation bin and the liquid inlet of the separation tank (1), and the bottom of the precipitation bin is provided with an openable and closable tailings outlet.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN116273492A (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2023-06-23 | 中建材黑龙江石墨新材料有限公司 | Flotation equipment and method for graphite production |
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