CN114402132A - 用于查明机动车的排气系的非直接布置在废气质量流中的组件的结冰状态的方法和装置 - Google Patents
用于查明机动车的排气系的非直接布置在废气质量流中的组件的结冰状态的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于查明机动车的排气系的非直接布置在废气质量流中的组件和/或其输入管路的结冰状态的方法,所述方法具有以下步骤:‑查明实际上在所述组件及其输入管路中存在的水量和所述水量的聚集态;‑查明为了对于实际上在所述组件及其输入管路中存在的水量进行除冰并且为了使实际上在所述组件及其输入管路中存在的水量得以挥发所需要的能量;‑借助于直接布置在所述机动车的排气系的废气质量流中的构件的散发给环境的辐射热来查明为了对于实际上在所述组件及其输入管路中存在的水量进行除冰并且为了使实际上在所述组件及其输入管路中存在的水量得以挥发而提供的能量;并且‑通过将为了除冰且为了挥发而提供的能量与为了除冰且为了挥发所需要的能量的比较来查明所述组件的结冰状态。
Description
本发明涉及用于查明机动车的排气系的非直接布置在废气质量流中的组件的结冰状态的一种方法和一种装置。
在机动车的排气系中,由于燃料的燃烧而产生水。此外,由于排气系中的废气的冷却而产生冷凝水。
这种水也可能附着在排气系的非直接布置在废气质量流中的组件中并且在低的外部温度的情况下结冰。例如,通过连接管路与排气系连接的压差传感器属于这些组件。
如果这些在使用连接管路的情况下与排气系连接的组件冻结,则这些组件不能使机动车的发动机控制单元得到关于机动车的运行状态的有效数据,使得所述发动机控制单元不能提供用于机动车运行的正确的控制信号。
因此,存在下述必要性:查明所述排气系的非直接布置在废气质量流中的组件的及其输入管路的结冰状态,使得在识别到排气系的一个或多个结冰组件及其相应的输入管路时所述发动机控制单元能够抑制有错误的控制信号的输出。
由DE 11 2011 100 614 T5已知,为了探测在增压空气冷却器的管状元件中的结冰,在使用压力传感器的输出信号的情况下计算压力降并且将其与阈值进行比较。如果所述压力降大于该阈值,那就假定存在结冰。
由DE 10 2015 208 480 A1已知一种内燃机的喷水装置和一种用于运行这样的喷水装置的方法。在该装置中,在使用温度传感器或者液位传感器的情况下识别水箱和/或吸入管路的结冰的存在。
此外,已经知道实施一种露点识别,所述露点识别作为输入参数包括关于废气质量流和排气温度的信息。这种解决方案是不利的,因为它不涉及流往传感器的实际的质量流并且也不提供关于实际的传感器温度的信息。
本发明的任务在于,说明一种用于查明机动车的排气系的非直接布置在废气质量流中的组件的和/或其输入管路的结冰状态的方法,该方法提供了关于排气系的组件的和/或其输入管路的结冰状态的更准确的信息。
该任务通过一种具有在权利要求1中所说明的特征的方法来解决。本发明的有利的设计方案和改进方案在从属权利要求中得到说明。权利要求8的主题是一种用于查明机动车的排气系的组件的和/或其输入管路的结冰状态的装置。
在所述按本发明的用于查明机动车的排气系的非直接布置在废气质量流中的组件的和/或其输入管路的结冰状态的方法中实施以下步骤:
-查明实际上在所述组件及其输入管路中存在的水量和所述水量的聚集态;
-查明为了对于实际上在所述组件及其输入管路中存在的水量进行除冰并且为了使得实际上在所述组件及其输入管路中存在的水量得以挥发所需要的能量;
-借助于直接布置在所述机动车的排气系的废气质量流中的构件的散发给环境的辐射热来查明为了对于实际上在所述组件及其输入管路中存在的水量进行除冰并且为了使得实际上在所述组件及其输入管路中存在的水量得以挥发而提供的能量;并且
-通过将所述为了除冰且为了挥发而提供的能量与所述为了除冰且为了挥发所需要的能量所进行的比较来查明所述组件的结冰状态。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,在使用所述排气系的建模的情况下查明实际上在组件和其输入管路中存在的水量以及所述水量的聚集态。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,如果所述为了除冰且为了挥发而提供的能量大于所述为了除冰且为了挥发所需要的能量,则将所述组件识别为无冰的且无水的。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,如果所述为了除冰且为了挥发而提供的能量小于所述为了除冰且为了挥发所需要的能量,则将所述组件识别为不是无冰的且不是无水的。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,机动车的排气系的非直接布置在废气质量流中的组件是传感器。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,机动车的排气系的非直接布置在废气质量流中的组件是压差传感器。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,所述排气系的直接布置在废气质量流中的构件是废气催化器、管元件和颗粒过滤器。
下面借助于附图来详细解释一种用于本发明的实施例。
在本实施例中,所述非直接布置在排气系11的废气质量流中的组件是压差传感器4,该压差传感器在使用输入管路2的情况下与颗粒过滤器1的入口连接,并且在使用输入管路3的情况下与颗粒过滤器1的出口连接。这个压差传感器4在机动车运行中的任务是,给发动机控制单元7提供传感器信号8,所述传感器信号包含关于在颗粒过滤器1的入口与出口之间的压差的消息。
在机动车的运行中,不仅在输入管路2中、而且在输入管路3中而且在压差传感器4中都可能包含水,这一点通过在附图中所示出的水滴5来表明。这种水例如是在机动车的气缸中燃烧燃料时形成的水,或者是通过机动车的排气系中的废气的冷却来形成的冷凝水。
此外,所述机动车的排气系除了颗粒过滤器1之外还具有其它构件,例如废气催化器和一个或多个管元件属于这些构件。
附图标记6表示所述颗粒过滤器1散发给环境的辐射热Qverl,Umg,该辐射热可以由发动机控制设备7从环境温度、颗粒过滤器1的温度和被引入到颗粒过滤器1中的能量中查明。在此,在使用废气的温度、废气质量流和废气成分(放热)以及在颗粒过滤器1中的可能的水量(露点)的情况下查明所引入的能量。前面所提到的查明由所述发动机控制单元7在使用输入信号9的情况下实施,所述输入信号尤其是另外的传感器信号。
如果存在低的外部温度,则这种水可能会在所提到的通往压差传感器的输入管路中并且也在压差传感器本身中结冰。这引起的后果是,所述机动车的发动机控制单元的压差传感器不能提供关于压差的正确信息。
通过本发明来提供一种方法,借助于该方法向所述发动机控制单元提供关于压差传感器的和通往压差传感器的管路的结冰状态的正确且详细的信息。只要所述压差传感器和/或其输入管路被识别为结冰,所述压差传感器的输出信号就由发动机控制单元阻断或者不被测评。如果所述压差传感器及其输入管路被识别为未结冰,则该压差传感器的输出信号就由发动机控制单元释放或者测评,以便在使用所测量的压差和排气系11的存储在存储器12中的建模的情况下提供用于发动机运行的控制信号10。
在所述按本发明的方法中,为了查明所述压差传感器的和/或其输入管路的结冰状态,首先要查明实际上在所述压差传感器及其输入管路中存在的水量和所述水量的聚集态。这种查明在使用实际上在所述压差传感器及其输入管路中存在的水量的和该水量聚集态的建模的情况下进行。在查明所述聚集态时识别出,所述水是处于固态的、液态的还是气态的状态中。根据经验查明了与所提到的建模相对应的数据,并且将其存储在所述存储器12中。
然后,查明为了对于实际上在所述压差传感器及其输入管路中存在的水量进行除冰且为了使得实际上在所述压差传感器及其输入管路中存在的水量得以挥发所需要的能量。
接着,查明为了对于实际上在所述压差传感器及其输入管路中存在的水量进行除冰且为了使得实际上在所述压差传感器及其输入管路中存在的水量得以挥发而提供的能量。这种查明在使用直接布置在机动车的排气系的废气质量流中的构件散发给环境的辐射热6的情况下进行。比如废气催化器、管元件和已经提到的颗粒过滤器属于所述排气系的这些直接存在于废气质量流中的构件。
最后,通过将所述为了除冰且为了挥发而提供的能量与所述为了除冰且为了挥发所需要的能量所进行的比较来查明所述压差传感器的结冰状态。
在此,如果所述为了除冰且为了挥发而提供的能量大于所述为了除冰且为了挥发所需要的能量,则将所述压差传感器识别为无冰的且无水的。
相反,所述为了除冰且为了挥发而提供的能量小于所述为了除冰且为了挥发所需要的能量,那就将所述压差传感器识别为不是无冰的并且不是无水的。
本发明不限于识别压差传感器的结冰状态。作为其替代方案,对于结冰状态的识别也能够在其它通过连接管线被连接到排气系上的传感器中进行,或者也能够在低压-废气循环管路中进行,所述低压-废气循环管路在机动车的运行中在存在低的外部温度时同样可能结冰。
在上面所描述的实施例中,所述排气系的直接布置在废气质量流中的构件是废气催化器、管元件和颗粒过滤器。作为其替代方案,所述机动车的排气系也能够包含其它的或者另外的直接布置在废气质量流中的构件。
如果确如上面所解释的那样为与颗粒过滤器的入口和出口相连接的压差传感器实施所述按本发明的方法,则尤其产生以下优点:
通过对于在所述压差传感器上的状态的建模,能够使得由于不充分的建模所引起的、用于释放所述压差传感器的输出信号的大的安全间距最小化。这种最小化允许更快地使用由所述压差传感器所提供的测量值。这又导致了所述发动机控制机构的更好的性能。尤其使得对于所述颗粒过滤器的载荷的查明得到改进,使得对于所述颗粒过滤器的诊断(空管识别、堵塞的颗粒过滤器)得到改进,使得对于用于气缸充气计算的背压建模的确定得到改进,使得更准确的增压压力预控制得到实现,使得对于机动车的增压系统的关于泄漏或致动器故障的存在的诊断得到改进,并且使得对于废气再循环质量流的确定以及对于在机动车的排气系统和进气系统中的所有所输送和所取用的质量流的确定得到改进。
如果将所述按本发明的方法也用于机动车的其它组件,那么这些优点还能够得到扩展。
Claims (8)
1.用于查明机动车的排气系的非直接布置在废气质量流中的组件的和/或其输入管路的结冰状态的方法,所述方法具有以下步骤:
-查明实际上在所述组件及其输入管路中存在的水量和所述水量的聚集态;
-查明为了对于实际上在所述组件及其输入管路中存在的水量进行除冰并且为了使得实际上在所述组件及其输入管路中存在的水量得以挥发所需要的能量;
-借助于直接布置在所述机动车的排气系的废气质量流中的构件的散发给环境的辐射热来查明为了对于实际上在所述组件及其输入管路中存在的水量进行除冰并且为了使得实际上在所述组件及其输入管路中存在的水量得以挥发而提供的能量;并且
-通过将为了除冰且为了挥发而提供的能量与为了除冰且为了挥发所需要的能量的所进行的比较来查明所述组件的结冰状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,在使用所述排气系的建模的情况下查明实际上在组件及其输入管路中存在的所述水量和所述水量的聚集态。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,如果为了除冰且为了挥发而提供的能量大于为了除冰且为了挥发所需要的能量,则将所述组件识别为无冰的且无水的。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,如果为了除冰且为了挥发而提供的能量小于为了除冰且为了挥发所需要的能量,那就将所述组件识别为不是无冰的并且不是无水的。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,机动车的排气系的非直接布置在废气质量流中的组件是传感器。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,机动车的排气系的非直接布置在废气质量流中的组件是压差传感器。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,废气催化器、管元件和颗粒过滤器属于所述排气系的直接布置在废气质量流中的构件。
8.用于查明机动车的排气系的非直接布置在废气质量流中的组件的和/或其输入管路的结冰状态的装置,其特征在于,所述装置具有发动机控制单元(7),所述发动机控制单元被构造用于控制根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法。
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