CN114395688A - Production process of low-carbon enamel steel - Google Patents
Production process of low-carbon enamel steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN114395688A CN114395688A CN202111499675.1A CN202111499675A CN114395688A CN 114395688 A CN114395688 A CN 114395688A CN 202111499675 A CN202111499675 A CN 202111499675A CN 114395688 A CN114395688 A CN 114395688A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production process of low-carbon enamel steel, which comprises the following steps: designing and controlling components: adding boron element (about 0.0020-0.0030%); directly hot charging the plate blank; on the hot rolling process, the finish rolling temperature FT 7: 910 +/-20 ℃, coiling temperature CT: 720 plus or minus 20 ℃; cold rolling and annealing: the reduction rate of 65-80% and proper annealing temperature are adopted, so that the mechanical property of the finished product is good; simulated enameling firing test: the enamel process is simulated, namely the enamel is cooled at room temperature after the temperature is kept at 850 ℃ for 10 minutes, the mechanical property detection is carried out, the tensile strength is reduced by 12MPa, and the elongation is improved by 3.4%. The quality control of the scale explosion is completed through the experimental steps, and the scale explosion resistance performance index of the product is ensured to meet the requirements of users and standards.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of processing of enamel steel, in particular to a production process of low-carbon enamel steel.
Background
Enamel steel is an economical and environmentally friendly type product developed and beginning to be used in recent years, and is mainly applied to building facilities, fire-fighting facilities, home appliances, petrochemical facilities, and the like. The main manufacturers of the traditional enamel products made in China are mostly small and medium-sized enterprises, and the products produced by the manufacturers are mostly daily enamel products, enamel glass chemical products and the like. Such as enamel chemical reaction kettle, enamel glass product storage container, enamel condenser, etc., hot-rolled enamel steel plate is mainly used as raw material, and with the development of chemical products in China, the market demand of the products is increased year by year. And the application range of the enamel products is beginning to show diversified development, and the enamel products are expanded to various fields in life. The enamel steel is a metal blank in enamel products, has good formability, has the advantages of beautiful appearance, smooth and fine surface, rich color, corrosion resistance, easy washing and the like after being coated with enamel, and has good application prospect.
The quality of the steel for enamel directly relates to the service life of the enamel product, and the scale explosion defect is a difficult problem which is wanted to be overcome by enamel steel manufacturers, so that a production process of the steel for enamel is provided to solve the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
To overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention is directed to two parts:
the first part is focused on theoretical researches such as scale explosion mechanism, component factors influencing scale explosion, rolling and annealing process factors, related measures for improving the scale explosion resistance of the deep drawing steel and the like.
The second part focuses on the production test to deeply research the relevant factors which can influence the fish scaling resistance of the enamel steel, wherein the factors comprise 1, the influence of chemical components on the service performance; 2. the influence of the plate blank direct and hot charging processes on the hot rolling production and quality; 3. the influence of the hot-rolling process (FT7/CT, etc.) on the product performance and the subsequent product quality; 4. optimizing cold rolling reduction rate; 5. the influence of the continuous annealing process on the service performance; 6. influence of the enamel process of the user on the service properties.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a production process of low-carbon enamel steel comprises the following steps:
step one, designing and controlling components: based on the components of the traditional cold rolling steel DCO1, boron element (about 0.0020-0.0030 percent) is added, the quality control of the slab after boron addition is noticed, and the quantity of FeC and MnS in the steel is increased to improve the hydrogen storage performance of the steel plate;
step two, adopting straight and hot charging for the plate blank: the furnace time can be shortened, the iron scale is less, the surface quality is better than that of a product produced by full cold charging, the internal temperature of straight and hot charging slabs is higher, the internal temperature and the external temperature are uniform, and the convexity precision of a finished product can be ensured;
step three, hot rolling: in the hot rolling process, a control idea of high-temperature finish rolling and high-temperature coiling is adopted. Finish rolling temperature FT 7: 910 +/-20 ℃, coiling temperature CT: 720 plus or minus 20 ℃;
step four, cold rolling and annealing: the cold rolling aims to control the thickness, the shape and the flatness of the plate, the cold rolling sub-down process also has great influence on the core energy of the annealed steel plate, the elongation and the r value of the finished steel plate are generally improved along with the improvement of the cold rolling reduction rate, and the r value range is between 75% and 85%;
step five, simulating an enamel process: namely, the mechanical property change degree is detected by cooling at room temperature after the temperature is kept for 10 minutes at 850 ℃, the yield strength of the low-carbon enamel steel is improved by 17MPa, the tensile strength is reduced by 12MPa, and the elongation is improved by 3.4 percent.
Further, after the steps are completed, the fish scaling resistance performance detection is required to be carried out: the scale explosion resistance index TH value and the physical property of the tested enamel steel product are checked and analyzed, and the scale explosion resistance sensitivity TH of the enamel is more than or equal to 6.7min/mm2The fish scaling resistance of the tested plate is qualified, and the TH of the low-carbon enamel steel produced according to the process is 7.2min/mm2All of the above passed the hydrogen permeation test.
Further, the enamel steel in the first step comprises boron, and the content of the boron is controlled within the range of 0.0020-0.0030%.
Further, the enamel steel in the first step includes manganese, when the manganese content in the steel is less than 0.25%, the steel sheet has an adherence of 90-100% when it is enamelled, and when the manganese content in the steel is more than 0.25%, the steel sheet has a lowered adherence when it is cold-rolled.
Further, the enamel steel in the step one comprises C, 0.12% of C is the upper limit of the allowable carbon content of the enamel steel plate, the increase of the carbon content leads the baking deformation of the enamel product to be increased, and carbon atoms in the steel plate easily react with oxygen in the enamel to generate carbon monoxide, so that bubbles are generated on the surface of the enamel product.
Furthermore, the fourth step of cold rolling and annealing is carried out, the increase of the cold rolling reduction rate is very beneficial to the fracture of cementite and the increase of the number of lattice distortion areas, the grains after recrystallization and annealing become thin along with the increase of the cold rolling reduction rate, the grain boundary for preventing hydrogen diffusion is increased along with the reduction of the cold rolling reduction rate, and the scale explosion resistance is facilitated, but after the cold rolling reduction rate exceeds a certain value, the r value is reduced, so that the formability of the steel plate is deteriorated, and therefore, the cold rolling reduction rate of the cold-rolled low-carbon enamel steel is set to be 65-80%.
Further, the fourth step of cold rolling and annealing is to adopt an annealing process which is more favorable for aggregation and growth of second phase particles in the annealing process, and when the annealing temperature is higher than 730 ℃, Fe3C is reduced, and the hydrogen permeation time is reduced.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
through the process research of the low-carbon enamel steel scale explosion resistance, technologists can master key process technologies in various production links of the enamel steel, the scale explosion resistance index of a product is guaranteed to meet the requirements of users and standards, a research report of the scale explosion resistance of the enamel steel is formed, and the use requirements of the users are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure diagram of an edge portion of a production process of a low-carbon enamel steel of the present invention with iron and a small amount of phosphorus added thereto;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure diagram with iron and a small amount of phosphorus added at the center of the production process of the low-carbon enamel steel of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure diagram showing abnormal growth of edge grains in the production process of the low-carbon enamel steel.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The scale explosion is a unique defect of enamel products, and the danger of the scale explosion is that the scale explosion sometimes occurs when products are produced, but sometimes occurs after a period of time after the products are put into a warehouse, even sometimes occurs when the products are taken out when users use the products, the radius of H atoms is very small, the H atoms can be freely diffused and gathered through Fe atom lattices, but the diffusion of the H atoms in enamel is very difficult, the solubility of the H in a steel plate is suddenly reduced along with the reduction of temperature, when more H atoms are dissolved into the steel plate at high temperature, the H atoms are gathered between the steel plate and an enamel layer to form hydrogen after cooling, and the gas pressure exceeds the bearing of the enamel layer, namely the scale explosion is generated, so the penetration capacity of the H in the steel plate is reduced, the scale explosion resistance of the enamel steel can be effectively improved, and experiments show that the H penetration time of the steel plate with the thickness of 1mm is not less than 6.7 min.
Theory of hydrogen permeation: the basic principle of diffusion is that when the gradient of concentration or stress exists, in order to reach the balance of the internal chemical potential, the diffusion is generated from one side of high potential energy to one side of low potential energy, and for the hydrogen permeation of the enamel steel, namely, under the chemical potential difference, hydrogen atoms can generate directional movement like the inside of metal, and regularly accord with the first law and the second law of Fick.
The main factor influencing the fish scaling resistance is H (hydrogen), and the source of H mainly enters the steel plate in the pickling and burning and enameling processes of steel, so the factors influencing the fish scaling resistance of the enameled steel plate comprise pickling time, burning and enameling process, burning and enameling time and component control of the steel plate.
The scale explosion resistance of enamel products is improved, smelting solution H is reduced, acid washing and enamel paper burning processes are improved, the performance of an enamel special steel plate is mainly improved, in order to avoid scale explosion, interfaces capable of adsorbing H atoms are formed in the steel, namely hydrogen traps, are formed in the steel, the hydrogen traps interact with the H atoms and must block the diffusion of H, or stably adsorb the H atoms and enable the H atoms not to be bound, so that the H atoms are prevented from being enriched from one position in the steel plate and at the interface, research on the permeation behavior of the H in the steel is not limited to the narrow field of the enamel steel, the problem of hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen induced delayed fracture is the common problem of steel materials and most metal materials, and the H diffusion coefficient can be obviously influenced by the existence of the hydrogen traps. In steel, carbonitride of boron, V, Ti, etc. has been proposed for a long time as a source of effective hydrogen traps as second phase precipitated particles dispersed in a large amount, and cementite and MnS in steel can also be a source of effective hydrogen traps.
The general steel for enamel needs to ensure stable fish scaling resistance and certain punching performance, and the requirement produces a contradiction when the steel for enamel is subjected to component design, namely the content of C and S components of the steel needs to be reduced for ensuring the punching performance of the steel for enamel, the content of C, S needs to be improved for ensuring the hydrogen storage performance, the plasticity of the steel is improved by reducing C, N in the steel, the strength of the steel is reduced, and the C, S is improved for increasing second phase particles formed in the steel and hydrogen storage traps.
As shown in the figure, the production process of the low-carbon enamel steel in the preferred embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step one, designing and controlling components: based on the components of the traditional cold rolling steel DCO1, boron (about 0.0020-0.0030%) is added, the quality control of the slab after boron addition is noticed, the manganese and sulfur content in the steel is properly improved, and the quantity of FeC and MnS in the steel is increased to improve the hydrogen storage performance of the steel plate;
0.12% C is the upper limit of the allowable carbon content of the enameled steel sheet, increasing the carbon content increases the baking deformation of the enameled product, and carbon atoms in the steel sheet easily react with oxygen in the enamel to generate carbon monoxide, so that bubbles are generated on the surface of the enameled product.
When the manganese content in the steel is less than 0.25%, the adherence at the time of steel sheet enamelling will reach 90-100%, and when the manganese content in the steel is more than 0.25%, the adherence at the time of steel sheet enamelling in the cold rolled state will decrease, but the adherence decrease after annealing becomes weaker and does not cause the adherence to decrease.
Nitrogen is an atom having a relatively small atomic radius, the solubility of nitrogen in iron depends on temperature, the solubility of nitrogen is relatively high at high temperatures to form a solid solution, the solubility of nitrogen is significantly reduced when the temperature is lowered to room temperature, and if the steel is rapidly cooled from high temperatures to room temperature, nitrogen remains in a supersaturated solid solution and is in an unstable state, and the steel has aging properties.
The oxygen in the steel is mainly in the form of inclusions, and the apparent diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in the steel is related to the fact that as the oxygen content in the steel decreases, the apparent diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in the steel increases, and the more pure the steel, the greater the apparent diffusion coefficient of hydrogen.
The existence of sulfide can affect the structure of the steel plate to a great extent, promote the generation of stripe structure, thereby reducing the plasticity and toughness of the cost steel, namely reducing the cost drawing performance, and generating air bubbles and pores in the porcelain layer.
Boron is an alloy element commonly added in low-carbon enamel steel products, and the principle is as follows: the steel sheet press formability is improved and the steel sheet fishscale resistance is improved by substituting AlN with boron N, the amount of boron added is related to the N content, excess boron present in the steel as a solid solution decreases the press formability if the amount of boron added exceeds the above range, N cannot be generated to improve the fishscale resistance if the amount of boron added is less than the above range, the boron content is controlled within the range of 0.0020% to 0.0070%, but for the boron element, attention needs to be paid to the influence on the crack sensitivity of the continuous cast slab after the addition.
Step two, adopting straight and hot charging for the plate blank: the furnace time can be shortened, the iron scale is less, the surface quality is better than that of a product produced by full cold charging, the internal temperature of straight and hot charging slabs is higher, the internal temperature and the external temperature are uniform, and the convexity precision of a finished product can be ensured;
step three, hot rolling: in the hot rolling process, a control idea of high-temperature finish rolling and high-temperature coiling is adopted. Finish rolling temperature FT 7: 910 +/-20 ℃, coiling temperature CT: 720 plus or minus 20 ℃;
step four, cold rolling and annealing: the final performance of cold rolling and annealing and a steel plate are closely related, the cold rolling aims at controlling the plate thickness, the plate shape and the flatness, the cold rolling reduction rate also has great influence on the performance of the annealed steel plate, the elongation and the r value of a finished steel plate are generally improved along with the improvement of the cold rolling reduction rate, the main factor of the influence of the cold rolling on the stamping performance of the annealed enamel steel plate is the total cold rolling reduction rate, and if no cold rolling deformation exists, recrystallization in the annealing process cannot occur, so that stronger {111} favorable texture and high r value cannot be obtained, and researches show that the r value is monotonically increased along with the increase of the cold rolling reduction rate until the reduction rate reaches 90%. In order to obtain a high r-value in actual production, cold rolling reductions of more than 75% are generally used, but due to the capacity limitations of the plant, reductions of not more than 85% are generally achieved.
The cold rolling reduction rate is increased, so that the grains after recrystallization annealing become thin, the grain boundary for preventing hydrogen diffusion is increased along with the increase of the cold rolling reduction rate, and the fish scaling resistance is facilitated, but after the cold rolling reduction rate exceeds a certain value, the r value is reduced, so that the formability of the steel plate is deteriorated, and therefore, the reduction rate of the cold rolling low-carbon enamel steel is set to be 65-80%.
And in the annealing process, an annealing process which is more favorable for the aggregation and the growth of the second phase particles is adopted. When the annealing temperature is too high (over 730 ℃), Fe3C is reduced, and the hydrogen permeation time is reduced;
step five, simulating a enameling burning test: simulating an enamel process, namely, carrying out detection on the change degree of mechanical properties by cooling at room temperature after keeping the temperature at 850 ℃ for 10 minutes, and improving the production performance and yield strength by 17MPa, reducing the tensile strength by 12MPa and improving the elongation by 3.4 percent, which are shown in Table 1;
from the metallographic view, the structure of the simulated enameling burned steel is ferrite and a small amount of pearlite; the grain size is uniform, and the grain size is 8.5 grade; compared with the original structure, the crystal grains of the structure after the enameling burning are more full and slightly grown;
and (3) detecting the fish scaling resistance: the scale explosion resistance index TH value and the physical property of the tested enamel steel product are checked and analyzed, and the scale explosion resistance sensitivity TH of the enamel is more than or equal to 6.7min/mm2The scale explosion resistance of the tested plate is qualified, and the enamel explosion resistance sensitivity TH of the low-carbon enamel steel produced by the process is more than or equal to 7.2min/mm2All the samples passed the hydrogen permeation test,
| performance classification | Yield strength/MPa | Tensile strength/MPa | Elongation/percent |
| Production Performance | 223 | 347 | 34.55 |
| Simulated enamel | 240 | 335 | 37.98 |
TABLE 1 simulated enameling burning test sample Properties
The specific implementation process comprises the following steps: through the process research of the low-carbon enamel steel scale-explosion-resistant performance, technologists can master key process technologies in various production links of the enamel steel, and the scale-explosion-resistant performance index of the product can meet the requirements of users and standards through the component adjustment and optimization of the existing products with the same strength grade.
A research report of the fish scaling resistance of the low-carbon enamel steel is formed; through the trial production of the low-carbon enamel steel, the fish scaling resistance of the product is detected, the improvement direction of the product is determined, and finally, the use requirements of users are met through gradual adjustment.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A production process of enamel steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, designing and controlling components: based on the components of the traditional cold rolling steel DCO1, boron element (about 0.0020-0.0030 percent) is added, the quality control of the slab after boron addition is noticed, and the quantity of FeC and MnS in the steel is increased to improve the hydrogen storage performance of the steel plate;
step two, adopting straight and hot charging for the plate blank: the furnace time can be shortened, the iron scale is less, the surface quality is better than that of a product produced by full cold charging, the internal temperature of straight and hot charging slabs is higher, the internal temperature and the external temperature are uniform, and the convexity precision of a finished product can be ensured;
step three, hot rolling: in the hot rolling process, a control concept of high-temperature final rolling and high-temperature coiling is adopted, wherein the final rolling temperature FT 7: 910 +/-20 ℃, coiling temperature CT: 720 plus or minus 20 ℃;
step four, cold rolling and annealing: the cold rolling aims at controlling the thickness, the shape and the flatness of the plate, and the cold rolling reduction rate also has great influence on the performance of the annealed steel plate, and the elongation and the r value of the finished steel plate are generally improved along with the improvement of the cold rolling reduction rate;
step five, simulating a enameling burning test: the enamel process is simulated, namely the enamel is cooled at room temperature after the temperature is kept at 850 ℃ for 10 minutes to detect the change degree of mechanical properties, the yield strength of the low-carbon enamel steel is improved by 17MPa, the tensile strength is reduced by 12MPa, and the elongation is improved by 3.4%.
2. The production process of the low-carbon enamel steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: after the steps are finished, the fish scaling resistance performance needs to be detected, and the enamel fish scaling resistance sensitivity TH is more than or equal to 6.7min/mm2The scale explosion resistance is qualified, and the TH of the low-carbon enamel steel produced by the process of claim 1 is more than or equal to 7.2min/mm2All passed the hydrogen permeation test.
3. The production process of the low-carbon enamel steel as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the low-carbon enamel steel in the first step comprises boron, and the content of the boron is controlled within the range of 0.0020-0.0030 percent.
4. The production process of the low-carbon enamel steel as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the enamel steel in the first step comprises manganese, when the manganese content in the steel is lower than 0.25%, the adherence of the steel plate in the enamel coating process reaches 90-100%, and when the manganese content in the steel is higher than 0.25%, the adherence of the steel plate in the enamel coating process is reduced in a cold rolling state.
5. The production process of the low-carbon enamel steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the enamel steel in the step one comprises C, 0.12% of C is the upper limit of the allowable carbon content of the enamel steel plate, the increase of the carbon content can increase the baking deformation of the enamel product, and carbon atoms in the enamel steel plate can easily react with oxygen in the enamel to generate carbon monoxide, so that bubbles are generated on the surface of the enamel product.
6. The production process of the low-carbon enamel steel as claimed in claim 4, wherein the production process comprises the following steps: and step four, cold rolling and annealing, wherein the increase of the cold rolling reduction rate is very beneficial to the fracture of cementite and the increase of the number of lattice distortion areas, the grains after recrystallization annealing become thin along with the increase of the cold rolling reduction rate, the grain boundary for preventing hydrogen diffusion is increased along with the increase of the cold rolling reduction rate, and the fishscaling resistance is facilitated, but after the cold rolling reduction rate exceeds a certain value, the r value is reduced, so that the formability of the steel plate is deteriorated, and therefore, the cold rolling reduction rate of the cold-rolled low-carbon enamel steel is set to be 65-80%.
7. The production process of the low-carbon enamel steel as claimed in claim 7, wherein: and step four, cold rolling and annealing, wherein in the annealing process, an annealing process which is more favorable for aggregation and growth of second phase particles is adopted, and when the annealing temperature is higher than 730 ℃, Fe3C is reduced, and the hydrogen permeation time is reduced.
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| CN114121170A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-03-01 | 河钢股份有限公司 | Numerical simulation method for hydrogen permeation process of enameled pressed steel |
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