CN114394154B - Collision energy absorption device with tension stretching mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a collision energy-absorbing device with a tension stretching mechanism, comprising a buffer energy-absorbing unit and a basic force-bearing unit and a supporting unit which are mirror images of each other; the basic force-bearing unit and the supporting unit are tension-turning stretching mechanisms, basically The force bearing unit at least includes a force plate and an upper pressure plate, the support unit at least includes a support plate and a lower pressure plate, and the buffer energy-absorbing unit at least includes a central energy-absorbing structure arranged between the upper and lower pressure plates; When the energy-absorbing device is stressed, the force-bearing plate in the basic force-bearing unit and the supporting plate in the supporting unit bear pressure respectively, and the converted and stretched ones act on the upper and lower pressure plates respectively, and the pressure between the upper and lower pressure plates is The central energy-absorbing structure deforms and absorbs energy. The overall structure of the device is simple and compact, easy to install, light in weight, strong in parts interchangeability, and has a good buffering and energy-absorbing effect.

Description

A collision energy-absorbing device with tension stretching mechanism

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle design, in particular to a collision energy-absorbing device with a tension stretching mechanism.

Background technique

With the rapid development of the manufacturing industry, automobiles have been owned by most families as a basic means of transportation. But at the same time, due to the increase of vehicles and the influence of some non-intervention factors, the incidence of traffic accidents is also rising, which leads people to pay more and more attention to the safety performance of vehicles. The occurrence of car collisions is inevitable, but it can be considered and designed from the aspect of strengthening the car's collision protection function to improve the safety of the people in the car when a collision occurs.

As a means of transportation, automobiles need to have a certain degree of rigidity, but flexibility needs to be considered when designing automobile collision protection equipment. Reasonable design of collision energy-absorbing structures is very important. While taking into account the safety performance, we must also take into account the economy. Due to their relatively high impact toughness and low price, porous materials are very suitable as energy-absorbing materials during collisions.

The patent notification number is CN110386192B, and the Chinese invention patent named vehicle and its front-end collision energy-absorbing structure discloses a vehicle and its front-end collision energy-absorbing structure, including: anti-collision beam, front support plate, first energy-absorbing member, second Two energy-absorbing parts and connecting parts; the collision energy-absorbing structure is supported by the main body, and the energy-absorbing parts are arranged in front of and behind the anti-collision beam, which can realize two-stage buffering and improve the absorption of collision energy; the left and right ends of the anti-collision beam are installed The front brace can expand the area of action of the impact force, but its enlarged area of action is limited, the energy absorbing parts can absorb and disperse the impact force limitedly, and the absorption and dispersal of lateral impact energy is even more limited.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, to provide a collision energy-absorbing device with a tension stretching mechanism, the overall structure is simple and compact, easy to install, light in weight and strong in parts interchangeability, and has a good Cushioning energy-absorbing effect.

For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

A collision energy-absorbing device with a tension stretching mechanism, comprising a basic force-bearing unit, a support unit and a buffer energy-absorbing unit, characterized in that: the basic force-bearing unit and the support unit are mirror images of each other;

The basic force-bearing unit and supporting unit are tension-turning stretching mechanisms that can convert pressure into tension and have a stretching mechanism. plate and the lower pressing plate, the buffer energy-absorbing unit at least includes a central energy-absorbing structure arranged between the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate, and the central energy-absorbing structure at least includes porous energy-absorbing material;

When the impact energy-absorbing device with tension stretching mechanism is stressed, the force-bearing plate in the basic force-bearing unit and the support plate in the supporting unit bear pressure respectively, and the converted and stretched ones act on the upper and lower pressure plates respectively. , the energy-absorbing structure is deformed by the central energy-absorbing structure between the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate.

As an improvement to the above technical solution, the basic force-bearing unit also includes an upper connecting plate and a right middle plate, and the upper connecting plate is connected under the right end of the force-bearing plate to transmit the force of the force-bearing plate downward, so The right middle plate is connected to the left side of the bottom end of the upper connecting plate to bear the pressure transmitted from the upper connecting plate, and a right telescopic part is arranged between the upper left end of the right middle plate and the lower right end of the upper pressing plate to convert the pressure It is the tension and is transmitted to the upper platen after being stretched by the right telescopic part;

The support unit also includes a lower connecting plate and a left middle plate, the left middle plate is connected above the left side of the support plate, the lower connecting plate is connected under the left middle plate, and the left middle plate A left telescopic part is arranged between the lower right side and the upper left side of the lower pressing plate to transfer the pressure on the lower pressing plate from the left telescopic part to tension to the left middle plate;

The stress plate, the upper connecting plate, and the middle plate on the right side may be in an integrated structure, and the supporting plate, the lower connecting plate, and the middle plate on the left side may be in an integrated structure.

The reason why the basic force-bearing unit of the present invention can convert pressure into tension is that the structural core lies in the inflection point (the middle plate on the right side) of the turning point between the force (the force on the force-bearing plate) and the tension (the stretching of the right telescopic part generates tension). ) is located below the point of tension (the top of the telescopic part on the right is the upper plate) and the point of force (the force plate), while the point of tension (upper plate) is higher than the point of force inflection (the middle plate on the right) , but below the point of application of the force (the force plate); the force (pressure) is the highest; and the mirror image of the support element is just the opposite.

As an improvement to the above technical solution, the right telescopic part is a right hydraulic cylinder, and the left telescopic part is a left hydraulic cylinder; the central energy-absorbing structure at least includes a porous energy-absorbing material.

In this device, the telescopic parts on the right side and the telescopic parts on the left side can also be mechanical components with telescopic functions such as cylinders, springs, elastic pull rods, etc., which are specifically selected according to the requirements of stiffness during design.

As an improvement to the above technical solution, an upper hole is provided on the right side of the upper platen, an upper circular hole is provided on the left side, and an upper groove is provided in the middle of the bottom surface of the upper platen; a lower circular hole is provided on the right side of the lower platen , there is a lower hole on the left side, and a lower groove is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the lower pressure plate, the upper hole corresponds to the lower round hole, the upper round hole corresponds to the lower hole, the upper groove corresponds to the lower groove; the middle plate on the right side There is a left hinge hole on the left side, and a right hinge hole on the right side of the left middle plate; the porous energy-absorbing material is embedded between the groove on the upper platen and the lower groove on the lower platen.

As an improvement to the above technical solution, the buffer energy-absorbing unit also includes a transverse buffer structure arranged between the hole on the upper platen and the lower hole on the lower platen, and between the round hole on the upper platen and the lower hole on the lower platen, respectively. The left upper spring and right lower spring between the force plate and the left middle plate, the support plate and the right middle plate, the middle and upper spring group arranged between the force plate and the upper pressure plate, and the middle and upper spring group arranged between the support plate and the lower pressure plate Middle and lower spring set.

As an improvement to the above technical solution, the upper and lower sides of the porous energy-absorbing material are respectively provided with an upper spring splint and a lower spring splint.

As an improvement to the above technical solution, the spring splint includes splints on both sides of the porous energy-absorbing material and springs on the outside of the splint, and the upper spring is located between the splint and the groove side of the upper groove to clamp the splint to the porous energy-absorbing material. Material, the spring on the lower side is located between the splint and the groove side of the lower groove to make the splint clamp the porous energy-absorbing material.

As an improvement to the above technical solution, the transverse buffer structure includes limit rods that pass through the upper hole and the lower circular hole, the upper circular hole and the lower hole corresponding to the upper pressure plate and the lower pressure plate respectively, and are sleeved on each limit rod And two sliders that can slide up and down; the slider and the upper platen, the slider and the lower platen are provided with a spring set on the limit rod, the slider and the left middle plate, the slider and the right A movable rod is hinged between the side middle plates.

As an improvement to the above technical solution, the upper and lower ends of the limit rod are screwed with nuts, the upper nut is spun on the top surface of the upper pressing plate, and the lower end nut is spun on the bottom surface of the lower pressing plate.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that the present invention obtains is:

1. The characteristics of materials and basic force-bearing units, supporting units, buffering energy-absorbing units, and transverse buffering structures can have a strong buffering and energy-absorbing effect. The porous energy-absorbing material has strong impact toughness and can absorb a large amount of energy in the event of a collision, and using the porous energy-absorbing material as the main energy-absorbing part can greatly reduce the mass of the device. The horizontal buffer structure, upper left spring, lower right spring, upper spring group, middle and lower spring group, left hydraulic cylinder, and right hydraulic cylinder can also act as buffers to absorb energy and play a major buffer role in the event of a collision with less energy Energy absorption.

2. The layout of the overall structure can consume the impact energy to a large extent. When subjected to longitudinal impact, the right lower spring, left upper spring and middle upper spring group are firstly compressed to absorb energy, and then the right hydraulic cylinder is stretched, and after the energy absorption reaches a certain limit, the springs in the transverse buffer mechanism and the middle and lower spring group are sequentially is compressed, then the left hydraulic cylinder is stretched. When the energy continues to be transmitted, the hydraulic cylinder first reaches the maximum energy carrying capacity. At this time, each spring is not fully compressed, and the porous energy-absorbing material becomes the main energy-absorbing part and can absorb a large amount of energy. When the porous energy-absorbing material also reaches the maximum load and is damaged, each spring is compressed again and can protect other components at the same time.

3. According to the repeatability of the device of the present invention, the effect of changing the overall size can be realized. In the length direction, the length of the force plate and the supporting plate can be reasonably designed to change the overall length; in the width direction, the length of the upper and lower connecting plates and the size of the upper left spring and the lower right spring can be reasonably designed to change the width; The size of the space is used to flexibly design the length, width and height of the whole; the whole device can also be regarded as a micro-element, and multiple arrangements and stacked placements are adopted in actual use.

4. The structure of the present invention is simple and compact, easy to install, and light in weight. Since the formed collision energy-absorbing device is composed of a plurality of small parts, when any one or more of the overall structure is damaged, the It can be replaced separately, which can improve the interchangeability and maintenance efficiency of the device, and can reduce the cost.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the basic force-bearing unit;

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a support unit;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a buffer energy-absorbing unit;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the collision energy absorbing device;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of upper platen;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the lower pressing plate.

In the figure: 1. Basic force bearing unit; 11. Force bearing plate; 12. Upper connecting plate; 13. Right middle plate; 131. Left hinge hole; 14. Right hydraulic cylinder; 15. Upper pressure plate; 151. Upper Round hole; 152, upper hole; 153, upper groove; 154, upper spring splint; 2, support unit; 21, support plate; 22, lower connecting plate; 23, left middle plate; 231, right hinge hole; 24, Left hydraulic cylinder; 25, lower pressure plate; 251, lower round hole; 252, lower hole; 253, lower groove; 254, lower spring splint; 3, buffer energy-absorbing unit; 31, porous energy-absorbing material; 32, lateral buffer Structure; 321, movable rod; 322, slide block; 323, limit rod; 324, spring; 325, nut; 33, upper left spring; 34, middle and upper spring group; 35, middle and lower spring group; 36, right lower spring .

Implementation

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention.

Accordingly, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that like numerals and letters denote similar items in the following figures, therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further definition and explanation in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "left", "right" etc. are based on those shown in the accompanying drawings. Orientation or positional relationship, or the orientation or positional relationship that is usually placed when the product of the invention is used, or the orientation or positional relationship that is commonly understood by those skilled in the art, is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or It should not be construed as limiting the invention by implying that a referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed, and operate in a particular orientation.

In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for distinguishing descriptions, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, terms such as "setting" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection or a Detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.

Please refer to accompanying drawings 1-6, the collision energy-absorbing device with tension stretching mechanism of the present invention mainly includes a basic force-bearing unit 1, a supporting unit 2 and a buffer energy-absorbing unit 3;

The basic force unit 1 is composed of a force plate 11, an upper connecting plate 12, a right middle plate 13, a right hydraulic cylinder 14 and an upper pressure plate 15, as shown in Figure 1, the right end of the force plate 11 is connected to the upper connecting plate 12. The lower end of the upper connecting plate 12 is connected to the right middle plate 13, the upper left end of the right middle plate 13 is connected to the right hydraulic cylinder 14, and the right hydraulic cylinder 14 is connected to the right side of the upper pressure plate 15 to form the basic force unit 1;

Support unit 2 is made up of supporting plate 21, lower connecting plate 22, left middle plate 23, left hydraulic cylinder 24 and lower pressing plate 25, as shown in Figure 2, the left side of supporting plate 21 is connected with lower connecting plate 22, the lower The upper end of the connection plate 22 is connected to the left middle plate 23, the right lower end of the left middle plate 23 is connected to the left hydraulic cylinder 24, and the left hydraulic cylinder 24 is connected to the left side of the lower pressure plate 25 to form the supporting unit 2;

The buffer energy-absorbing unit 3 includes a porous energy-absorbing material 31, a transverse buffer structure 32, an upper left spring 33, an upper middle spring group 34, a lower middle spring group 35, and a lower right spring 36. As shown in Figure 3, these buffer-absorbing The energy structure organically connects the force-bearing structure 1 and the supporting unit 2 to form a collision buffer device as a whole, as shown in FIG. 4 .

There is a left hinge hole 131 on the left side of the right middle plate 13 in the basic force unit 1, an upper circular hole 151 is opened on the left side of the upper pressing plate 15, and an upper hole 152 is opened on the right side, as shown in Figure 1; The right side of the left middle plate 23 in the supporting unit 2 has a right hinge hole 231, the right side of the lower pressing plate 25 has a lower circular hole 251, and the left side has a lower hole 252, as shown in Figure 2 . The above-mentioned structures serve as connection points or fixed points of the lateral buffer structure 32 .

The lower side of the upper pressing plate 15 in the basic stress unit 1 has an upper groove 153, and upper spring splints 154 are installed on the left and right sides of the upper groove 153, as shown in Figure 5; A lower groove 253 is formed on the side, and lower spring splints 254 are installed on the left and right sides of the lower groove 253, as shown in FIG. 6 .

The inner sides of the two middle plates are hinged with movable rods 321 through the hinge holes, the other end of the movable rods 321 is connected on the slider 322, and the slider 322 is installed on the limit rod 323, the limit rod 323 runs through the two pressure plates, and the spring 324 Pass through the limit rod 323 and be installed between the slider and the pressure plate. The nuts 325 are assembled on both ends of the limit rod 323 and connected with the outsides of the two pressure plates to form a transverse buffer mechanism 32 as a whole, as shown in FIG. 4 .

The two ends of the limit rod 323 in the transverse buffer mechanism 32 respectively pass through the circular hole and the hole on the pressure plate, as shown in FIG. 4 .

The porous energy-absorbing material 31 is installed between the two grooves of the upper and lower pressure plates, and is in contact with the pressure plates up and down, and the left and right ends are tightened by spring splints on both sides, as shown in Figure 4 .

The specific working process of the collision energy-absorbing device: Taking Fig. 4 as an example, the support plate 21 is connected to the vehicle frame, and the left and right connecting plates can be the two ends of the vehicle in the transverse direction. The right end of the force plate in the basic force unit 1 is connected to the upper connecting plate, the lower end of the upper connecting plate is connected to the right middle plate, the upper left end of the right middle plate is connected to the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the right side of the upper pressure plate; in the supporting unit 2 , the left side of the support plate is connected with the lower connecting plate, the upper end of the lower connecting plate is connected with the left middle plate, the right end of the left middle plate is connected with the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the left side of the lower pressure plate; when the buffer energy-absorbing unit is not considered, the basic The force unit 1 and the support unit 2 are two structures with a tension stretching mechanism, the pressure on the force plate 11 and the lower pressure plate 25 will be transmitted to the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic cylinder will be subjected to tension. Coupled with the buffer energy-absorbing unit 3, the three become an organic whole with multi-stage buffer energy-absorbing units.

When subjected to a longitudinal impact, the force plate 11 is stressed, compressing the left upper spring 33 and the upper middle spring group 34, and the force plate 11 drives the upper connecting plate 12 and the right middle plate 13 to move downward and stretch the right hydraulic cylinder 14 At the same time, the movable rod 321 in the transverse buffer mechanism 32 compresses the spring 324, and when the force gradually increases, it will drive the upper platen 15, the lower platen 25, and the porous energy-absorbing material to move down, and stretch the left hydraulic cylinder 24; when the spring and the hydraulic pressure After the cylinder absorbs energy to a certain extent, the received force moves along the force plate 11 to the upper connecting plate 12, the right middle plate 13, the right hydraulic cylinder 14, and the upper pressure plate 15, and finally acts on the porous energy-absorbing material 31. When the lateral force is applied, it refers to the left side, and the same is true for the right side. First, the supporting unit 2 is forced to move to the right as a whole. Since the upper ends of the limit rod 323 and the porous energy-absorbing material 31 are connected to the basic force-bearing module 1, it The two are fixed. Since the lower end of the limiting rod 323 is connected to the lower pressing plate 25 through the lower hole 252 with a larger hole position, the two can generate relative displacement. When subjected to a lateral force, the support unit 2 moves to the right as a whole, thereby compressing the lower spring splint 254 and the spring 324; when the energy absorbed by the two springs reaches a certain limit, the support unit 2 continues to move to the right relative to the basic force-bearing unit 1. The energy-absorbing material 31 undergoes shear failure, and finally achieves the energy-absorbing effect.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional changes and modifications can be made to these embodiments by those skilled in the art once the basic inventive concept is appreciated. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be construed to cover the preferred embodiment as well as all changes and modifications which fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A collision energy-absorbing device with a tension stretching mechanism, comprising a basic force-bearing unit, a support unit and a buffer energy-absorbing unit, characterized in that: the basic force-bearing unit and the support unit are mirror images of each other; The basic force-bearing unit and supporting unit are tension-turning stretching mechanisms that can convert pressure into tension and have a stretching mechanism. plate and the lower pressing plate, the buffer energy-absorbing unit at least includes a central energy-absorbing structure arranged between the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate, and the central energy-absorbing structure at least includes porous energy-absorbing material; When the impact energy-absorbing device with tension stretching mechanism is stressed, the force plate in the basic force bearing unit and the support plate in the support unit bear pressure respectively, and after stretching conversion, it becomes tension and acts on the upper pressure plate and the lower plate respectively. The pressing plate is deformed and absorbed by the central energy-absorbing structure between the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate; The basic force bearing unit also includes an upper connecting plate and a right middle plate, the upper connecting plate is connected under the right end of the force bearing plate to transmit the force of the force bearing plate downward, and the right middle plate is connected to the upper The left side of the bottom end of the connecting plate bears the pressure transmitted from the upper connecting plate, and a right telescopic part is arranged between the upper left end of the right middle plate and the lower right end of the upper pressing plate to convert the pressure into tension and pass through the right telescopic part. After stretching, it is passed to the upper platen; The support unit also includes a lower connecting plate and a left middle plate, the left middle plate is connected above the left side of the support plate, the lower connecting plate is connected under the left middle plate, and the left middle plate A left telescopic part is arranged between the lower right side and the upper left side of the lower pressing plate to transfer the pressure on the lower pressing plate from the left telescopic part to tension to the left middle plate; The right side of the upper platen is provided with an upper hole, the left side is provided with an upper circular hole, and the middle of the bottom surface of the upper platen is provided with an upper groove; the right side of the lower platen is provided with a lower circular hole, and the left side is provided with a lower hole. A lower groove is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the lower pressing plate, and the upper hole corresponds to the lower circular hole, the upper circular hole corresponds to the lower hole, and the upper groove corresponds to the lower groove; the left side of the right middle plate has a left hinge hole, There is a right hinge hole on the right side of the left middle plate; the porous energy-absorbing material is embedded between the groove on the upper platen and the lower groove on the lower platen; The buffer energy-absorbing unit also includes a transverse buffer structure arranged between the hole on the upper platen and the lower hole on the lower platen, the round hole on the upper platen and the lower hole on the lower platen, and is respectively arranged on the force plate and the left middle plate, The upper left spring and the lower right spring between the support plate and the right middle plate, the middle and upper spring group arranged between the force plate and the upper pressing plate, and the middle and lower spring group arranged between the supporting plate and the lower pressing plate. 2. The collision energy absorbing device with a tension stretching mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the force-bearing plate, the upper connecting plate, and the right middle plate are integrally structured, and the supporting plate, the lower connecting plate, The middle plate on the left side is a one-piece structure. 3 . The energy-absorbing device for collision with a tension stretching mechanism according to claim 1 , wherein the right telescopic component is a right hydraulic cylinder, and the left telescopic component is a left hydraulic cylinder. 4 . 4. The collision energy absorbing device with a tension stretching mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper and lower sides of the porous energy absorbing material are respectively provided with an upper spring splint and a lower spring splint. 5. The collision energy absorbing device with a tension stretching mechanism according to claim 4, wherein the spring splint includes splints on both sides of the porous energy-absorbing material and springs on the outside of the splint, and the spring on the upper side is located on the splint Between the splint and the groove side of the upper groove, the splint clamps the porous energy-absorbing material, and the spring on the lower side is located between the splint and the groove side of the lower groove, so that the splint clamps the porous energy-absorbing material. 6. The collision energy-absorbing device with a tension stretching mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transverse buffer structure respectively includes upper holes and lower circular holes, upper circular holes and lower circular holes corresponding to the upper and lower pressure plates. The limit rod of the hole is sleeved on each limit rod and can slide up and down two sliders; the springs sleeved on the limit rod are arranged between the slider and the upper pressing plate, and between the slider and the lower pressing plate. , a movable rod is hinged between the slide block and the left middle plate, and between the slide block and the right middle plate. 7. The collision energy-absorbing device with tension stretching mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: the upper and lower ends of the limit rod are threadedly connected with nuts, the upper nut is spun on the top surface of the upper platen, and the lower end The nut is screwed on the bottom surface of the lower pressing plate.

Images