CN114393856A - Fiber continuous forming process based on composite chain preparation - Google Patents
Fiber continuous forming process based on composite chain preparation Download PDFInfo
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- CN114393856A CN114393856A CN202111443090.8A CN202111443090A CN114393856A CN 114393856 A CN114393856 A CN 114393856A CN 202111443090 A CN202111443090 A CN 202111443090A CN 114393856 A CN114393856 A CN 114393856A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
- B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
- B29C70/525—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C70/528—Heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
- B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
- B29C70/523—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die and impregnating the reinforcement in the die
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
- B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
- B29C70/525—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fiber continuous forming process based on composite chain preparation, which relates to the field of fiber processing and comprises the following steps of S1, bundling and weaving glass fibers, carbon fibers and polyurethane resin fibers to prepare a prepreg material; s2, carrying out fusion treatment on the prepreg material, and unfolding and carrying out fusion dipping; uniformly mixing the dried components according to the proportion, and putting the mixture into a premixing device for high-temperature melting; s3, rolling the prepreg material in the molten state to prepare a composite blank prepreg tape; and S4, sequentially passing the composite blank prepreg tape through a forming die, a heating die and a cooling die under the cooperation of a traction device, and finally continuously forming. Under the condition of room temperature, the continuously formed glass fiber has the characteristics of good strong acid, strong alkali and high-concentration salt resistance, the mechanical property loss of the glass fiber in a damp-heat aging test is less, and the glass fiber has good aging resistance; the linear shrinkage is small, and the deviation from the designed size is small.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fiber processing, in particular to a fiber continuous forming process based on composite chain preparation.
Background
The glass fiber is an inorganic fiber with excellent performance, is a brittle material with high elastic modulus, high tensile strength and small elongation at break, and has the advantage of designable mechanical properties. With the rapid development of market economy, the glass fiber is widely applied to industries such as building, traffic, electronics, electrical appliances, chemical engineering, metallurgy, environmental protection, national defense, aerospace and the like. Due to the continuous expansion of the field of glass fiber, the glass fiber is widely concerned by people.
The continuous forming process is a process which is continuously carried out from the beginning of the input of raw materials through the processes of gum dipping, forming, curing, demoulding, cutting and the like until a finished product is finally obtained.
In the invention patent of China with the patent number of CN102336026B, the problems of extremely short length and low mechanical property of the reinforced fiber are solved.
Provides a technical proposal that an independent glass fiber cutting device and an independent constant temperature stainless steel band compound device are adopted. Glass fiber yarns, glass fiber cloth, glass fiber mats, and the like are formed into fiber prepregs by a bundling and weaving device. The fiber prepreg which is well bundled and woven is placed on a constant-temperature stainless steel belt which is paved with molten resin, and a composite blank is formed after the fiber prepreg is rolled and soaked by a pressing steel belt. The composite blank sequentially passes through a preforming die and a forming die, is cooled by a cooling device to form a continuous finished section, and is finally cut into a finished section with required length by a cutting device.
In the existing continuous forming process of glass fiber, because the existing glass fiber has single component and lacks of reinforcing materials, the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the prepared glass fiber are weak, so that a new continuous forming process of fiber is necessary to be provided to improve the mechanical property of the produced glass fiber.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the problems that the existing glass fiber is single in component and lacks of a reinforcing material are solved, so that the prepared glass fiber is weak in mechanical property and corrosion resistance, and the mechanical property of the produced glass fiber is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a fiber continuous forming process based on composite chain preparation comprises the following steps of S1, bundling and weaving glass fibers, carbon fibers and polyurethane resin fibers to prepare a prepreg; s2, carrying out fusion treatment on the prepreg material, and unfolding and carrying out fusion dipping; uniformly mixing the dried components according to the proportion, and putting the mixture into a premixing device for high-temperature melting; s3, rolling the prepreg material in the molten state to prepare a composite blank prepreg tape; and S4, sequentially passing the composite blank prepreg tape through a forming die, a heating die and a cooling die under the cooperation of a traction device, and finally continuously forming.
Further, in step S3, the melting temperature is 220 ℃ to 250 ℃; when rolling, the composite blank prepreg tape needs to be pressed, and the applied pressure is 3-4 atmospheres;
further, in step S1, the mass ratio of the carbon fiber is 15 to 18% of the carbon fiber.
Further, step S1 includes step S11 of performing sizing treatment on the carbon fiber;
step S12, performing silanization treatment on the surface of the glass fiber; step S13, performing N increasing treatment on the surface of the glass fiber; step S14, aramid fiber is added into the glass fiber; the mass percentage of the aramid fiber is 11 to 15 percent.
Further, in step S1, a step S15 is further included, in which a coupling agent is added between the glass fiber and the polyurethane resin.
Further, in step S15, the coupling agent is an organosilane coupling agent, and the mass fraction is 1.5 to 2.0%.
Further, step S2 includes step S21 of dipping the continuous fibers at a constant speed in a melting tank.
Further, in step S4, the preheating device is a far infrared panel radiation preheater; the preheating temperature is 140 to 180 ℃; the traction device is a crawler-type tractor, and the traction frequency is 15 Hz; the heating temperature is 220 ℃; correspondingly, when the cooling die is cooled, the cooling temperature is 30-60 ℃; the composite blank prepreg tape is not in contact with the preheating device.
Further, after the step S4, the method further includes a step S41 of performing a heat treatment on the composite blank prepreg tape, wherein the temperature of the heat treatment is 125 to 140 ℃.
Further, the heat treatment time of the composite blank prepreg tape is 3 hours, and the composite blank prepreg tape is kept uninterrupted.
In the preparation of the glass fiber, a pultrusion process is adopted, wherein the mechanism suitable for preparing the glass fiber comprises a forming die, a preheating device, a heating die, a cooling die and a traction device.
Carbon fiber, as an excellent reinforcing material, has the advantages of high specific strength and specific modulus, low density, small coefficient of thermal expansion, low coefficient of friction, low elongation, good low temperature resistance and the like. The carbon fibers with different specifications and different performances can be selected according to the application requirements of different fields.
Aramid fibers, namely aromatic polyamide fibers, have the advantages of high strength, high modulus, low density, good wear resistance and the like, and are called three high-tech fibers in the world today together with carbon fibers and high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fibers; the mechanical property and the thermal stability of the composite material can be effectively enhanced through the hydrogen bonding effect of the polar group of the aramid pulp fiber and the polyurethane group.
Glass fibers are inorganic reinforcing materials because they have poor affinity with organic polyurethane matrix structures, and therefore, if the interfacial adhesion between inorganic glass fibers and organic resin matrix is to be improved, a coupling agent is required.
The structure of the coupling agent has two different groups, so that the coupling agent can be physically or chemically combined with the glass fiber and can also be chemically or physically combined with the organic resin matrix, thereby realizing good interface gap between the glass fiber and the resin and improving the performance of the glass fiber.
In the molding process for processing and preparing the continuous glass fiber material, the pultrusion process is a process capable of continuous production, and can continuously produce the linear glass fiber composite material with a certain cross section area, so that the pultrusion process can be applied to the glass fiber continuous molding process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in the invention, under the condition of room temperature, the continuously formed glass fiber has the characteristics of good strong acid resistance, strong alkali resistance and high-concentration salt resistance, and has less mechanical property loss and good aging resistance in a damp-heat aging test; the linear shrinkage is small, and the deviation from the designed size is small.
2. In the invention, the linear expansion system is small, the influence of expansion with heat and contraction with cold can be effectively reduced, the mechanical property is good, and the designability is strong.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a process for continuous formation of fibers according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following description and examples, which include but are not limited to the following examples.
Examples
The continuous forming process of the fiber prepared based on the composite chain in the embodiment comprises the following steps, which are described in detail,
s1, bundling and weaving glass fibers, carbon fibers and polyurethane resin fibers to prepare a prepreg;
s2, carrying out fusion treatment on the prepreg material, and unfolding and carrying out fusion dipping; uniformly mixing the dried components according to the proportion, and putting the mixture into a premixing device for high-temperature melting;
s3, rolling the prepreg material in the molten state to prepare a composite blank prepreg tape; the temperature of the melting is 220 ℃ to 250 ℃; when rolling, the composite blank prepreg tape needs to be pressed, and the applied pressure is 3-4 atmospheres; the rolling effect is better by applying pressure under the condition of a plurality of atmospheric pressures;
and S4, sequentially passing the composite blank prepreg tape through a forming die, a heating die and a cooling die under the cooperation of a traction device, and finally continuously forming.
More specifically, the prepared continuous fiber comprises 10 to 25 percent of polyester resin, 55 to 65 percent of glass fiber, 1.5 to 2.0 percent of silane type coupling agent, 0.5 to 1 percent of maleic acid grafted polypropylene, 1 to 3.1 percent of polypropylene, 1 to 4 percent of antioxidant, 15 to 18 percent of carbon fiber and 11 to 15 percent of aramid fiber.
In the existing continuous forming process of glass fiber, because the existing glass fiber has single component and lacks of reinforcing materials, the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the prepared glass fiber are weak, so that a new continuous forming process of fiber is necessary to be provided to improve the mechanical property of the produced glass fiber. According to the scheme, the glass fiber with better mechanical property is provided by adopting a reasonable raw material ratio.
Carbon fiber, as an excellent reinforcing material, has the advantages of high specific strength and specific modulus, low density, small coefficient of thermal expansion, low coefficient of friction, low elongation, good low temperature resistance and the like. The carbon fibers with different specifications and different performances can be selected according to the application requirements of different fields.
In the scheme, in order to increase the strength of the continuous fiber, carbon fiber is added in the process of preparing the continuous fiber, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon fiber is 15-18%.
Furthermore, because the polyurethane resin has certain wettability to the glass fiber, before the carbon fiber is added into the reinforced glass, the carbon fiber needs to be subjected to sizing treatment, the glass fiber is mainly prevented from adsorbing impurities and water in the air, the surface active groups of the glass fiber are protected, the bundling function of the fiber can be improved, the wettability of the fiber is improved, and the reinforcing effect can be realized.
Therefore, in step S1,
step S11, sizing the carbon fiber; by adding the polyurethane resin into the glass fiber, styrene volatilization cannot be generated in the continuous forming process of the glass fiber, so that the environmental pollution can be avoided, and the concept of 'green and environmental protection' is also met.
Further comprising a step S12 of silanizing the surface of the glass fiber; the shear properties and tensile strength of the product can be improved.
The method further comprises the step S13 of conducting N increasing treatment on the surface of the glass fiber; because the increase of the content of the N element can increase the binding force of the glass fiber and the polyurethane resin, the nitrogen-containing functional group can react with residual isocyanate in the polyurethane resin to generate carbamido group, and the chemical bonding effect is realized between two phase interfaces.
The production method further comprises the step of S14, aramid fibers are added into the glass fibers, and specifically, the mass ratio of the aramid fibers is 11-15%; aramid fibers, namely aromatic polyamide fibers, have the advantages of high strength, high modulus, low density, good wear resistance and the like, and are called three high-tech fibers in the world today together with carbon fibers and high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fibers; the mechanical property and the thermal stability of the composite material can be effectively enhanced through the hydrogen bonding effect of the polar group of the aramid pulp fiber and the polyurethane group.
Glass fibers are inorganic reinforcing materials because they have poor affinity with organic polyurethane matrix structures, and therefore, if the interfacial adhesion between inorganic glass fibers and organic resin matrix is to be improved, a coupling agent is required.
Therefore, in step S1,
further comprising step S15 of adding a coupling agent between the glass fiber and the polyurethane resin; the structure of the coupling agent has two different groups, so that the coupling agent can be physically or chemically combined with the glass fiber and can also be chemically or physically combined with the organic resin matrix, thereby realizing good interface gap between the glass fiber and the resin and improving the performance of the glass fiber.
The coupling agent can be an organosilane coupling agent, an organochromium coupling agent and an azulene coupling agent; the coupling agent is preferably an organic silane coupling agent because of the convenience of silanizing the glass fiber; the coupling agent has the best anti-corrosion capability when the mass fraction is 1.5 to 2.0 percent.
The mass content of the reinforced glass fiber prepared by the glass fiber is about 55 to 65 percent.
Impregnating the glass fiber to prepare a prepreg material; the impregnation process comprises a non-reaction type impregnation process and a reaction type impregnation process, wherein the non-reaction type impregnation process has better practicability, and concretely comprises solution impregnation, powder impregnation and melting impregnation; in the scheme, melt impregnation is selected.
Specifically, the step S2 further includes a step S21 of dipping the continuous fibers at a constant speed in a melting tank;
in the molding process for processing and preparing the continuous glass fiber material, the pultrusion process is a process capable of continuous production, and can continuously produce the linear glass fiber composite material with a certain cross section area, so that the pultrusion process can be applied to the glass fiber continuous molding process.
Specifically, in step S4, the preheating device is a far infrared panel radiation preheater; the temperature of preheating is 140 to 180 ℃, preferably 160 ℃;
in the pultrusion process, in order to accelerate the traction speed and improve the production efficiency, a preheating device is loaded at the front end of the forming die so as to shorten the residence time of the composite blank prepreg tape in the forming die.
Specifically, the traction device is a crawler-type tractor, and the traction frequency is 15 Hz.
When the heating mould is used for heating, the heating temperature is 220 ℃; correspondingly, when the cooling die is cooled, the cooling temperature is 30 to 60 ℃, and preferably 45 ℃; when the glass fiber is pultruded, the speed of the pultruding is 0.28 m/min.
Specifically, the composite blank prepreg tape is not in contact with the preheating device, and the resin degradation caused by local overheating needs to be avoided; the temperature uniformity is maintained throughout the preheating process.
The optimal technological parameters, namely preheating temperature, mold temperature, cooling temperature and traction speed, are respectively 160 ℃, 220 ℃, 60 ℃ and about 0.28 m/s.
Further, after the step S4, a step S41 of performing a heat treatment on the composite blank prepreg tape;
the heat treatment temperature is 125 to 140 ℃, and the crystallization speed is higher and more perfect as the temperature is closer to the region when the continuous fiber is heat treated, and the bending strength and the shearing strength are also the best;
when the heat treatment temperature is 130 ℃, the bending strength and the shearing strength of the continuous fiber are increased along with the prolonging of the heat treatment time, and when the heat treatment time is 3h, the related mechanical property of the glass fiber reaches the maximum value. Namely, the heat treatment time of the composite blank prepreg tape is 3 hours, and the composite blank prepreg tape is kept uninterrupted.
In conclusion, in the invention, under the condition of room temperature, the continuously formed glass fiber has the characteristics of good strong acid resistance, strong alkali resistance and high-concentration salt resistance, the mechanical property loss of the glass fiber in a damp-heat aging test is less, and the glass fiber has good aging resistance; the linear shrinkage is small, and the deviation from the designed size is small.
The continuous fiber has small linear expansion system, good mechanical property and strong designability, and can effectively reduce the influence of expansion with heat and contraction with cold.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fiber continuous forming process based on composite chain preparation is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s1, bundling and weaving glass fibers, carbon fibers and polyurethane resin fibers to prepare a prepreg;
s2, carrying out fusion treatment on the prepreg material, and unfolding and carrying out fusion dipping; uniformly mixing the dried components according to the proportion, and putting the mixture into a premixing device for high-temperature melting;
s3, rolling the prepreg material in the molten state to prepare a composite blank prepreg tape;
and S4, sequentially passing the composite blank prepreg tape through a forming die, a heating die and a cooling die under the cooperation of a traction device, and finally continuously forming.
2. The continuous forming process for fiber prepared based on composite chain as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the melting temperature is 220-250 ℃;
when rolling, the composite blank prepreg tape needs to be pressed, and the applied pressure is 3 to 4 atmospheres.
3. The continuous forming process of fiber prepared based on composite chain as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the mass ratio of carbon fiber is 15-18%.
4. The continuous forming process for fiber prepared based on composite chain according to claim 3, further comprising, in step S1,
step S11, sizing the carbon fiber;
step S12, performing silanization treatment on the surface of the glass fiber;
step S13, performing N increasing treatment on the surface of the glass fiber;
step S14, aramid fiber is added into the glass fiber; the mass percentage of the aramid fiber is 11 to 15 percent.
5. The continuous forming process of fiber based on composite chain preparation as claimed in claim 4, further comprising step S15 of adding coupling agent between the glass fiber and the polyurethane resin in step S1.
6. The continuous forming process of fiber prepared based on composite chain as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step S15, the coupling agent is organosilane coupling agent with mass fraction of 1.5-2.0%.
7. The continuous forming process of fiber based on composite chain preparation as claimed in claim 6, further comprising step S21 of impregnating continuous fiber through melting tank in step S2.
8. The continuous forming process for fiber prepared based on composite chain as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step S4, the preheating device is a far infrared plate radiation preheater;
the preheating temperature is 140 to 180 ℃;
the traction device is a crawler-type tractor, and the traction frequency is 15 Hz; the heating temperature is 220 ℃;
correspondingly, when the cooling die is cooled, the cooling temperature is 30-60 ℃;
the composite blank prepreg tape is not in contact with the preheating device.
9. The continuous forming process of fiber based on composite chain preparation as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a step S41 of heat treating the composite blank prepreg tape at a temperature of 125 to 140 ℃ after the step S4.
10. The continuous forming process of fiber based on composite chain preparation as claimed in claim 9, wherein the composite blank prepreg tape is heat treated for 3h, and the process is kept uninterrupted.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115748231A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-07 | 中化高性能纤维材料有限公司 | Method for improving wettability and adhesiveness of aramid fiber and epoxy resin |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102336026A (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2012-02-01 | 管印贵 | Direct on-line pultrusion process for fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material |
| CN106626444A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2017-05-10 | 山东极威新材料科技有限公司 | Production technology of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTP) pultruded profiles |
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2021
- 2021-11-30 CN CN202111443090.8A patent/CN114393856A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102336026A (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2012-02-01 | 管印贵 | Direct on-line pultrusion process for fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material |
| CN106626444A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2017-05-10 | 山东极威新材料科技有限公司 | Production technology of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTP) pultruded profiles |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115748231A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-07 | 中化高性能纤维材料有限公司 | Method for improving wettability and adhesiveness of aramid fiber and epoxy resin |
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