CN114392014B - Femur stem, design method and installation tool - Google Patents
Femur stem, design method and installation tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN114392014B CN114392014B CN202111674643.0A CN202111674643A CN114392014B CN 114392014 B CN114392014 B CN 114392014B CN 202111674643 A CN202111674643 A CN 202111674643A CN 114392014 B CN114392014 B CN 114392014B
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000013473 artificial intelligence Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002436 femur neck Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 210000004394 hip joint Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000012659 Joint disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002639 bone cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002980 postoperative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000035965 Postoperative Complications Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008467 tissue growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
- A61F2/3662—Femoral shafts
- A61F2/367—Proximal or metaphyseal parts of shafts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
- A61F2/3662—Femoral shafts
- A61F2/3672—Intermediate parts of shafts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
- A61F2/3662—Femoral shafts
- A61F2/3676—Distal or diaphyseal parts of shafts
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a femoral stem, a design method and an installation tool, and belongs to the technical field of medical appliances. The invention provides a femoral stem, a design method and an installation tool, which comprise a femoral stem main body and a femoral stem tail end, wherein the femoral stem main body is provided with a porous structure and is integrally formed by adopting a 3D printing technology, the installation tool is connected with the femoral stem main body to provide a holding effect for driving the femoral stem and a guiding effect for driving bevel screws.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical appliances, and particularly relates to a femoral stem, a design method and an installation tool.
Background
As the degree of aging increases, the number of hip joint diseases increases each year. The artificial replacement hip joint prosthesis becomes the most effective means for treating the hip joint diseases, and can obviously improve the physiological condition of the hip joint of a patient and reconstruct the physiological function of the hip joint.
The hip joint prosthesis mainly comprises an acetabular cup, a lining, a ball head and a femoral stem, wherein the femoral stem is used as a key component which is in direct contact with a femur and conducts supporting force, the combination stability with the femur directly influences the effect of the whole hip joint operation, and the hip joint prosthesis is closely related to the postoperative recovery condition of a patient. For example, chinese patent publication No. CN107595441a discloses a femoral stem prosthesis, in which bone cement is injected into a femoral cavity through a bone cement channel inside a femoral stem to perform a fixing function, but the femoral stem is of a solid structure, a stress shielding phenomenon may occur, and a femoral stem sinking phenomenon may occur in a later stage. Chinese patent with publication number CN 202724042U discloses a sharp-tooth type biological fixed femoral stem, the femoral stem is coated by spraying technology, sharp-tooth-shaped protrusions are adopted on two side surfaces, the combination stability of the femoral stem and femur is effectively improved, but stress shielding phenomenon is inevitably generated, and the postoperative effect is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a femoral stem, which provides assistance for early implantation stability of the femoral stem by arranging a micro screw structure on the surface of the tail end of the femoral stem, and then utilizes a bevel edge threaded hole on the side surface of the femoral stem to be connected with a femoral trochanter, so that the femoral stem has higher combination property and stability on a femur, and meanwhile, the tail end of the femoral stem with the micro screw structure and the bevel edge threaded hole on the upper half part of the femoral stem also have good inhibition effect on sinking phenomenon of the later femoral stem, and the service life of the femoral stem is prolonged.
The invention further aims to provide a mounting tool matched with the femur handle, the lower end of the spring plate structure with the clamping teeth can be combined and locked with a stepped counter bore at the upper end of the femur handle, the upper end of a main rod of the mounting tool is knocked, driving force can be provided for driving the femur handle, and the rotary support with the T-shaped barrel can provide guiding function for driving a bevel edge screw.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: there is provided a femoral stem comprising: the femoral stem comprises a femoral stem main body and a femoral stem tail end, wherein the femoral stem main body is formed by an internal solid cylindrical structure, a porous structure is arranged on the surface of the femoral stem main body, a step counter bore is formed in the upper end face of the femoral stem main body, a pair of latch grooves are formed in the inner wall of the step counter bore and can be connected with an installation tool, a bevel edge threaded hole is formed in the side wall of the femoral stem main body, the bevel edge threaded hole is connected with the femoral stem main body and a femoral trochanter through bevel edge screws, the femoral stem tail end is arranged at one end, far away from the step counter bore, of the femoral stem main body, and a micro thread structure and four guide grooves uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction are formed in the surface of the femoral stem tail end.
In one possible implementation manner, the porous structure adopts a three-period minimum curved surface (TPMS) unit structure, the diameter of the pore of the porous structure is between 100um and 500um, the diameter of the pore is gradually decreased from the surface to the inside, and the porosity of the porous structure is between 60% and 95%.
In one possible implementation, the diameter gradient direction of the aperture forms an included angle with the large plane of the femoral stem main body, and the included angles are respectively distributed in an angle range of 45-55 degrees, 90 degrees or 135-145 degrees.
In one possible implementation, the femoral stem body, solid cylinder, femoral stem end are 3D printing technology integrated forming components.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a femoral stem design method is provided for designing a femoral stem as described in any one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of:
S1, collecting a large amount of human femur CT data, and identifying and recording the femoral neck shaft angle and the backbone angle of the human femur by utilizing computer-aided technologies such as big data, an artificial neural network technology and the like;
s2, performing numerical fitting on the parameters of each part of the femur on a computer by utilizing mathematical software to obtain a functional relationship between the anteversion angle and the diaphyseal angle;
s3, performing three-dimensional modeling on the femoral stem based on the characteristic parameters of the femur, and parameterizing the femoral stem;
s4, performing simulation on the femoral stems with different characteristic parameters, performing big data analysis, and optimizing a parameter range suitable for human body functions;
S5, establishing a femoral stem parameter matching database by utilizing big data and artificial intelligence technology;
And S6, when a doctor selects the femoral stem, uploading patient CT data to a femoral stem selection database, calculating by a computer, selecting the optimized femoral stem model, and integrally manufacturing by utilizing a 3D printing technology.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a femur handle mounting tool for install the femur handle of arbitrary preceding claim, including mobile jib, screw thread sleeve, runing rest, U type piece and T type section of thick bamboo, the detachable cartridge of lower extreme of mobile jib is in the ladder counter bore, screw thread sleeve sets up the lower extreme of mobile jib, and with mobile jib screw thread fit has the axial ascending activity degree of freedom of mobile jib, the runing rest sets up the middle part of mobile jib, and with the mobile jib is through round pin axle swivelling joint, the lateral wall of runing rest is provided with reset groove, the U type piece sets up in reset groove keep away from the tank bottom of round pin axle, the runing rest is to keeping away from when femur handle main part orientation is rotatory to with mobile jib position coincidence, the mobile jib is kept away from femur handle main part one end is located reset groove, U type piece extrusion the mobile jib is right the mobile jib is spacing, T type section of thick bamboo sets up the runing rest is kept away from the one end of round pin axle.
In one possible implementation manner, a chuck is arranged at one end, close to the lower end of the main rod, of the T-shaped barrel, the chuck is of a cylindrical structure, the chuck is used for assembling an external guide sleeve, and the guide sleeve is used for matching with the positioning and implantation of the bevel edge screw.
In a possible implementation manner, the chuck comprises a thread piece, a latch and a limiting disc, the latch is arranged between the thread piece and the limiting disc, one end, close to the thread piece, of the limiting disc is provided with a limiting groove, the limiting groove is formed in a plurality of positions along the circumferential direction of the limiting disc, the latch is mutually matched with the limiting groove, the latch has a degree of freedom of moving in the radial direction of the limiting disc, the thread piece is sleeved on the guide sleeve, the thread piece is in threaded fit with the latch, a hexagonal counter bore suitable for being inserted by a hexagonal wrench is formed in the outer wall of the thread piece, the hexagonal wrench is rotatable to drive the thread piece to move radially in the limiting groove, and the latch locks the guide sleeve inserted into the T-shaped cylinder.
In one possible implementation manner, a latch spring is disposed at one end of the main rod, which is close to the femoral stem main body, and a plurality of latch springs are disposed along the circumference of the main rod, and diffuse towards the outer side of the main rod, and the latch spring is inserted into the stepped counter bore, so that the threaded sleeve is moved to change the diffusion angle of the latch spring, and locking/unlocking of the femoral stem main body is realized.
In one possible implementation manner, the main rod is provided with a clamping block, the clamping block is arranged on one side of the pin shaft, which is close to the threaded sleeve, the clamping block limits the rotation of the rotating support, and when the rotating support rotates to the clamping block position, the axis of the T-shaped cylinder coincides with the axis of the bevel thread hole.
The femoral stem provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
Compared with the prior art, the femur stem adopts a porous structure with a three-period minimum curved surface (TPMS) unit structure, and adopts a gradient gradual change distribution mode, so that the problem of stress shielding of the traditional femur stem is solved, and the bone tissue growth between the femur stem and the femur tissue is promoted; the solid structure inside the femoral stem can provide a guarantee for the integral strength of the femoral stem and ensure the service life of the femoral stem; the mounting tool matched with the femoral stem can enable the mounting process of the femoral stem to be simpler, more convenient and quicker, and reduce the operation time; the design method of the femoral stem is provided, and a new design thought is provided for the design of the femoral stem under the background of the 3D printing technology.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a femoral stem provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the working state of the femoral stem and the installation tool according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic front view of a folding state of an installation tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of a boom according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a U-shaped sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a rotary support according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a T-shaped barrel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a split structure of a chuck used in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a femoral stem design method used in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a porous structure used in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a porous structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a porous structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a pore size gradient direction three of a porous structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a femoral stem; 101. a porous structure; alpha, direction one; beta, direction two; gamma, direction three; 102. a solid cylinder; 103. the end of the femoral stem; 104. bevel thread hole; 105. step counter bore; 2. a main rod; 201. a main rod thread; 202. a latch spring plate; 203. clamping blocks; 3. a threaded sleeve; 4. a rotating bracket; 401. resetting the groove; 402. positioning columns; 5. u-shaped pieces; 6. a T-shaped cylinder; 7. a chuck; 701. a thread piece; 702. latch teeth; 703. and a limiting disc.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the femoral stem 1 comprises a femoral stem body and a femoral stem tail end 103, the femoral stem body is composed of an external porous structure 101 and a solid cylinder 102, the porous structure 101 can be tightly combined with a femoral tissue to improve the overall stability of the femoral stem 1, the solid cylinder 102 can improve the strength of the femoral stem 1, the femoral stem tail end 103 is completely solid, the surface is provided with a micro thread structure and a diversion trench, the micro thread structure and the diversion trench are arranged as the femoral stem tail end 103 to make up the defect that the solid structure can not dredge femoral blood and nutrient substances, the side edge of the femoral stem 1 is provided with a bevel thread hole 104 with a solid with a certain thickness, the femoral stem 1 can be connected with a femoral trochanter through a bevel screw to improve the stability of the femoral stem 1, a step counterbore 105 is arranged on the upper plane of the femoral stem 1, the porous structure 101 of the femoral stem 1 can be matched and connected with an installation tool, the whole microstructure of the porous structure 101 is an irregular curved surface porous structure 101, the constituent units of the porous structure 101 are three-period minimum curved surface (TPMS) unit structures, the pore diameter of the porous structure 101 is between 100um and 500um, the porosity is between 60% and 95%, the pore diameter of the porous structure 101 on the surface of the femoral stem body is 500um and gradually decreases inwards, the sparse porous structure 101 on the surface layer promotes the growth of femoral tissues and capillaries, the inside continuously dense porous structure 101 improves the combination property of the transition combination region of the porous structure 101 and the solid part of the femoral stem 1, the whole porous structure 101 provides a channel for the femur to transport nutrient substances, trace elements, water and the like, postoperative complications are reduced, and the quick recovery of the body of a patient is promoted.
As shown in fig. 10 to 13, the pore size gradient directions of the porous structure 101 include a direction a, a direction two beta and a direction three gamma, the direction a, the direction two beta and the direction three gamma are angles formed by the pore size gradient directions of the porous structure 101 and large planes on two sides of the femoral stem main body, the angle range of the direction a is 45 degrees to 55 degrees, the angle of the direction b is 90 degrees, namely, the pore size gradient directions of the porous structure 101 and the large planes on two sides of the femoral stem main body are in a vertical form, the angle range of the direction three is 135 degrees to 145 degrees, the distribution forms of the different pore size gradient directions have different degrees of no use on the overall performance of the femoral stem 1, so that the femoral stem 1 can be matched with human femur of different bone conditions in a diversified manner.
As shown in fig. 9, the present invention also proposes a design method for the femoral stem 1, which comprises the following design steps:
S1, collecting a large amount of human femur CT data, and identifying and recording keys such as femur neck angle, femur anteversion angle and the like of human femur by utilizing computer-aided technologies such as big data, artificial neural network technology and the like;
s2, performing numerical fitting on the parameters of each part of the femur on a computer by utilizing mathematical software to obtain a functional relationship between the anteversion angle and the diaphyseal angle;
S3, performing three-dimensional modeling on the femoral stem 1 based on the characteristic parameters of the femur, and parameterizing the femoral stem;
S4, performing simulation on the femoral stems 1 with different characteristic parameters, and performing big data analysis, wherein a parameter range suitable for human body functions is optimized;
S5, establishing a femoral stem 1 parameter-femoral parameter matching database by utilizing big data and artificial intelligence technology;
and S6, when a doctor selects the femoral stem 1, uploading the patient CT to a selection database, automatically optimally selecting the proper model 1 of the femoral stem by a computer, and performing personalized 3D printing and manufacturing.
The design method greatly improves the design efficiency of the femoral stem 1, and the matching degree of the femoral stem 1 and a patient, and prolongs the service life of the femoral stem 1.
As shown in fig. 2 to 6, the installation tool comprises a main rod 2, a threaded sleeve 3, a rotary bracket 4, a U-shaped sheet 5, a T-shaped barrel 6 and a chuck 7, wherein the inner wall of the threaded sleeve 3 is provided with threads, the lower end of the main rod 2 is provided with two latch spring pieces 202 which form an acute angle with the axis of the main rod 2, the free end of each latch spring piece 202 is provided with a clamping block, the inner wall of a stepped counter bore 105 is provided with a latch groove matched with the clamping block, the latch groove is matched with the main rod, a main rod thread 201 is arranged on the main rod 2, the threaded sleeve 3 is sleeved on the main rod 2 and matched with the main rod thread 201, when the threaded sleeve 3 is rotated to enable the threaded sleeve 3 to move downwards along the main rod 2, the latch spring pieces 202 of the main rod 2 are forced to move radially, the main rod 2 and the femoral stem 1 are in a loose connection state, when the threaded sleeve 3 moves upwards, the main rod 2 and the femoral stem 1 are in a locking connection state or a non-connection state, the rotating bracket 4 is provided with a reset groove 401 matched with the main rod 2, a U-shaped sheet 5 is welded in the reset groove 401 and approaches to the direction of a positioning column 402, when the whole installation tool is in a closed state, the top of the main rod 2 is in extrusion contact with the U-shaped sheet 5 to limit the rotating bracket 4 to automatically rotate and keep the folding stability of the rotating bracket 4, a T-shaped cylinder 6 is provided with a positioning hole, the top of the rotating bracket 4 is provided with the positioning column 402, the positioning column 402 is matched with the positioning hole, the T-shaped cylinder 6 is fixed with the rotating bracket 4 in a welding mode, the main rod 2 is provided with a clamping block 203, the clamping block 203 is arranged on one side of a pin shaft close to the threaded sleeve 3, the rotation of the rotating bracket 4 is limited by the clamping block 203, when the rotating bracket 4 rotates to the position of the clamping block 203, the axis of the T-shaped cylinder 6 coincides with the axis of the bevel edge 104, the external guide sleeve can be locked by a chuck 7 on the T-barrel 6.
As shown in fig. 7 to 8, the chuck 7 includes a thread plate 701, a latch 702, and a limiting disc 703, where the chuck 7 is at one end of the cylindrical portion of the T-shaped cylinder 6 near the lower end of the main rod 2, where the thread plate 701 is mounted on a stepped surface of the cylindrical portion, and a hexagonal groove is formed on an outer wall of the thread plate 701, and the thread plate 701 can rotate in cooperation with a hexagonal wrench, the limiting disc 703 and the T-shaped cylinder 6 are axially positioned through annular grooves and protrusions, and each of the three latches has 3 rectangular limiting grooves uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, after the latch 702 is mounted in the limiting groove, the limiting disc 703 and the T-shaped cylinder 6 are fixed by welding after debugging, the thread plate 701 is threaded, the bottom surface of the latch 702 also has a thread structure, and the two can be mutually matched, and the latch 702 can be driven to linearly move along the radial direction in the limiting groove by rotating the hexagonal wrench, and the three latches 702 can jointly lock the guiding sleeve, so as to guide the drill bit conveniently.
The specific installation steps are as follows:
Step 1: the femoral stem 1 is placed into the previously prepared femoral cavity, where the femoral stem 1 engages the femur to a very low degree.
Step 2: as shown in fig. 8, the main rod 2 and the rotary bracket 4 of the installation tool are in a closed state, the threaded sleeve 3 is rotated to enable the latch spring 202 to be closed inwards, the latch spring 202 is inserted into the stepped counter bore 105 on the upper plane of the femoral stem 1, the threaded sleeve 3 is rotated to enable the tooth-shaped portion of the latch spring 202 to be matched with the latch groove of the stepped counter bore 105, and the position and the direction of the installation tool on the femoral stem body 1 are locked.
Step 3: as shown in fig. 1 and 8, the lower end of the main rod 2 is held, the rotating bracket 4 is rotated and reaches the position of the clamping block 203, the cylinder shaft of the T-shaped cylinder 6 coincides with the axis of the bevel threaded hole 104 of the femoral stem body 1, and the top end of the main rod 2 is knocked by a small hammer, so that the femoral stem 1 is tightly combined with a femur.
Step 4: as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the outer guide sleeve can be placed into the T-barrel 6, the screw plate 701 is turned by a hexagonal wrench, and the latch 702 moves radially and locks the outer guide sleeve to provide a guide function for subsequent drilling.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A femoral stem comprising: the femoral stem comprises a femoral stem main body and a femoral stem tail end, wherein the femoral stem main body is formed by an internal solid cylindrical structure, a porous structure is arranged on the surface of the femoral stem main body, a step counter bore is formed in the upper end face of the femoral stem main body, a pair of latch grooves are formed in the inner wall of the step counter bore and can be connected with an installation tool, a bevel edge threaded hole is formed in the side wall of the femoral stem main body, the bevel edge threaded hole is connected with the femoral stem main body and a femoral trochanter through bevel edge screws, the femoral stem tail end is arranged at one end, far away from the step counter bore, of the femoral stem main body, and a micro thread structure and four guide grooves uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction are formed in the surface of the femoral stem tail end.
2. A femoral stem according to claim 1 wherein the porous structure is a tricycled very small curved surface (TPMS) unit structure, the pores of the porous structure have a diameter of between 100um and 500um, the diameter of the pores gradually decreases from the surface inwards, and the porosity of the porous structure is between 60% and 95%.
3. A femoral stem according to claim 2 wherein the diameter gradient of the aperture is arranged at an angle to the major plane of the femoral stem body, the angle being in the range 45 ° to 55 °,90 ° or 135 ° to 145 ° respectively.
4. A femoral stem according to claim 3 wherein the femoral stem body, solid cylinder and femoral stem end are 3D printing technology integrated forming components.
5. A method of designing a femoral stem, characterized by the steps of:
S1, collecting a large amount of human femur CT data, and identifying and recording the femoral neck shaft angle and the backbone angle of the human femur by utilizing computer-aided technologies such as big data, an artificial neural network technology and the like;
s2, performing numerical fitting on the parameters of each part of the femur on a computer by utilizing mathematical software to obtain a functional relationship between the anteversion angle and the diaphyseal angle;
s3, performing three-dimensional modeling on the femoral stem based on the characteristic parameters of the femur, and parameterizing the femoral stem;
s4, performing simulation on the femoral stems with different characteristic parameters, performing big data analysis, and optimizing a parameter range suitable for human body functions;
S5, establishing a femoral stem parameter matching database by utilizing big data and artificial intelligence technology;
And S6, when a doctor selects the femoral stem, uploading patient CT data to a femoral stem selection database, calculating by a computer, selecting the optimized femoral stem model, and integrally manufacturing by utilizing a 3D printing technology.
6. A femoral stem installation tool for installing a femoral stem according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a main rod, a threaded sleeve, a rotating support, a U-shaped piece and a T-shaped barrel, wherein the lower end of the main rod is detachably clamped in the stepped counter bore, the threaded sleeve is arranged at the lower end of the main rod and is in threaded fit with the main rod, the movable degree of freedom in the axial direction of the main rod is achieved, the rotating support is arranged in the middle of the main rod and is in rotary connection with the main rod through a pin shaft, a reset groove is formed in the side wall of the rotating support, the U-shaped piece is arranged at the position of the reset groove, when the U-shaped piece is rotated to be coincident with the position of the main rod in a direction away from the femoral stem body, one end of the main rod is located in the reset groove, the U-shaped piece extrudes the main rod to limit the main rod, and the T-shaped barrel is arranged at one end of the rotating support away from the pin shaft.
7. The femoral stem installation tool of claim 6, wherein a chuck is disposed at an end of the T-barrel adjacent to the lower end of the main stem, the chuck being of a cylindrical configuration, the chuck being adapted to receive an externally disposed guide sleeve, the guide sleeve being adapted to cooperate with positioning and implantation of the hypotenuse screw.
8. The femoral stem installation tool according to claim 7, wherein the chuck comprises a thread piece, a latch and a limiting disc, the latch is arranged between the thread piece and the limiting disc, a limiting groove is formed in one end, close to the thread piece, of the limiting disc, a plurality of limiting grooves are formed in the circumferential direction of the limiting disc, the latch is matched with the limiting grooves, the latch has a degree of freedom of moving in the radial direction of the limiting disc, the thread piece is sleeved on the guide sleeve, the thread piece is in threaded fit with the latch, a hexagonal counter bore suitable for inserting a hexagonal wrench is formed in the outer wall of the thread piece, the hexagonal wrench can rotate the thread piece to drive the latch to move radially in the limiting groove, and the latch locks the guide sleeve inserted into the T-shaped barrel.
9. The femoral stem installation tool according to claim 6, wherein a plurality of latch spring pieces are arranged at one end of the main rod, which is close to the femoral stem main body, and the latch spring pieces are arranged along the circumferential direction of the main rod, the latch spring pieces diffuse outwards of the main rod, the latch spring pieces are inserted into the stepped counter bores, and the threaded sleeve is moved to change the diffusion angle of the latch spring pieces, so that locking/unlocking of the femoral stem main body is realized.
10. The femoral stem installation tool of claim 6, wherein the main rod is provided with a clamping block, the clamping block is arranged on one side of the pin shaft, which is close to the threaded sleeve, the clamping block limits the rotation of the rotating support, and when the rotating support rotates to the clamping block position, the axis of the T-shaped cylinder coincides with the axis of the bevel thread hole.
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