CN114389781B - Channel detection and media control method for super multi-hop ad hoc network - Google Patents
Channel detection and media control method for super multi-hop ad hoc network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a channel detection and media control protocol of a super multi-hop ad hoc network, which comprises the following steps: monitoring a channel by using a source node, and sending RTS signaling to a next hop node; when each relay node receives RTS signaling sent by a previous hop node in a current data frame, judging whether the current node is the last node in the current cluster, and according to a judging result, bidirectionally sending RTS signaling or bidirectionally sending CTS signaling to inform all nodes of the current cluster to stop sending reference signals, and informing a next hop node to start forming a new cluster; the relay node receives CTS signaling sent by the previous hop node, and the cluster head node starts to form a new cluster; and the destination node feeds back the ACK signaling to the source node and then performs data transmission. The method of the invention informs the last hop node to repeatedly send the reference signal through RTS, the CTS informs the current cluster formation, the ACK informs the source node that the connection establishment is completed, and the total time delay of establishing the connection is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a wireless ad hoc network communication method.
Background
The multi-hop ad hoc network is a wireless mobile communication network which does not depend on the existing network infrastructure, network topology dynamic change and can be rapidly arranged, and has high destructiveness and self-healing property. The ad hoc network technology expands the application field of the mobile communication technology, and the ad hoc network can provide reliable communication support for scenes lacking in infrastructure communication facilities, such as field scientific investigation, earthquake relief, rapid movement of armies on battlefields and the like by virtue of the characteristics of rapidness, flexibility and convenience in networking, and has very important significance for emergency communication.
The data packets are transmitted between the source node and the destination node in the ad hoc network through multiple hops. The linear (i.e. chain-shaped) multi-hop ad hoc network is a special ad hoc network which has equal node positions and performs networking according to a chain structure among nodes, the hop count of the general multi-hop ad hoc network is about within 5 hops, and the hop count of the super multi-hop ad hoc network is far more than 50 hops, thereby playing a key role in the national important safety fields of power private network monitoring, railway construction and the like. For example, in snowy weather, the southern power grid is frozen to cause a large-scale power failure, so that operation and maintenance personnel can conveniently detect faults of the tower, and a monitoring point is arranged every 50 hops to monitor the power private network in a super multi-hop ad hoc network networking mode. An application scenario of a typical power ultra-multi-hop ad hoc network is shown in fig. 1, and monitoring video data is transmitted between towers in a low-delay and high-reliability manner in a multi-hop manner so as to meet the monitoring requirements of operation and maintenance personnel.
Currently, the traditional super-multi-hop ad hoc network transmission mainly adopts a hop-by-hop transmission mode, namely, a node in the network is responsible for receiving information transmitted by a previous node on one hand, decoding and forwarding the information to a next node until the information is transmitted to a destination node. The main problem of the traditional scheme is that with the increase of the total hop count of transmission, the end-to-end transmission delay is greatly increased, and the service quality requirement of the service is difficult to guarantee.
The super multi-hop transmission nodes between the source node and the destination node are all relay transmission nodes, and relay is one of main methods for improving transmission quality and enhancing transmission reliability. Relay technologies include Amplify-and-Forward (AF), decode-and-Forward (DF), selective Relay (selective relaying, SR), and the like (see document [ Wang Jing, liu Guangyi. Relay technology research and standardization in LTE-Advanced systems. Telecommunications science, 2010 (12): 6 ]). The AF relay is mainly used for amplifying the received signal and then continuously forwarding the signal, the processing algorithm is simple, the generated time delay is very small, but the AF relay has the defect that not only can the signal be amplified, but also noise and interference signals are amplified at the same time. The DF relay decodes and analyzes the received signal to recover the original information, then re-encodes the original information and forwards the original information, the DF relay can ensure the accuracy of transmitting effective signals, and can not amplify noise and interference signals, but at least one complete data block decoding is required to be completed, and the processing delay is obvious.
The patent document with the application number of CN202010908325.5 discloses a wireless self-organizing network communication method with ultra-multi-hop and low time delay, wherein the advantages and disadvantages of DF relay and AF relay in terms of transmission time delay and signal to noise ratio are comprehensively utilized, and a combined transmission scheme for self-adaptively clustering relay nodes is provided. As shown in fig. 2, the scheme divides the nodes between the source node and the destination node into a plurality of forwarding clusters, wherein the forwarding clusters are composed of a cluster head node for decoding and forwarding an operation mode and at least one relay forwarding node for amplifying and forwarding the operation mode subsequently, or are composed of a cluster head node; the communication method realizes the self-adaptive clustering combination of the super multi-hop hybrid relay, decomposes the traditional super multi-hop into a plurality of hops, greatly reduces the hop number of the actual generated time delay, and greatly reduces the transmission time delay, thereby overcoming the defects that the reliability and the transmission time delay of the long-distance super multi-hop communication can not ensure the service quality of the service.
According to the above patent document, the wireless ad hoc network communication method specifically includes the following steps:
step 1: and determining a network topology architecture of the wireless ad hoc network, and carrying out initial basic configuration on the wireless ad hoc network.
Step 2: the source node is used as the cluster head node of the current temporary forwarding cluster, and a forwarding cluster is established (the number of forwarding cluster nodes is at most the maximum M max ). Wherein the maximum value M of the node number of each forwarding cluster max The method is calculated according to the accumulated processing time delay of the multi-hop relay forwarding node and the size of the cyclic prefix CP in the wireless ad hoc network, and the accumulated processing time delay of the multi-hop relay forwarding node cannot exceed the size of the cyclic prefix CP in the wireless ad hoc network so as to eliminate inter-channel interference generated by multipath propagation. The accumulated processing delay herein refers to the additional delay due to AF relay forwarding. All nodes in the current temporary forwarding cluster sequentially and reversely send channel quality measurement signals according to orthogonal time slots, all the leading nodes in the clusters of the sending signal nodes can receive the channel quality measurement information and calculate fading factors according to the received signals, and the nodes in the clusters feed back the signal calculation fading factors to the cluster head nodes of the current temporary forwarding cluster as measurement results. The cluster head node determines the number of nodes of the current forwarding cluster according to the feedback measurement result, if the nodes with the signal-to-noise ratio smaller than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value exist in the nodes, the front neighbor node of the node with the first signal-to-noise ratio smaller than the signal-to-noise ratio nearest to the cluster head node of the current temporary forwarding cluster is used as the next node of the last node of the current forwarding cluster, otherwise, the number of the nodes of the current forwarding cluster is set as the maximum value M of the number of the nodes of each forwarding cluster max . The cluster head node informs all nodes of the current forwarding cluster and the next cluster head node of the working modes of the nodes so as to determine the working modes of the nodes and the cluster head node of the next temporary forwarding cluster. And making the cluster head node of the next temporary forwarding cluster be the cluster head node of the current forwarding cluster, and repeating the process until the serial number of the cluster head node of the next temporary forwarding cluster is the target node.
Step 3: and performing ultra-multi-hop low-delay ad hoc network transmission.
Although the above transmission scheme solves the delay problem in the transmission stage, the following problems exist in the connection establishment stage:
(1) The cluster head node establishes a temporary forwarding cluster, and the number of forwarding cluster nodes is at most the maximum M max . All nodes in the current temporary forwarding cluster transmit channel quality measurement signals. The size of the actual forwarding cluster may be smaller than the size of the temporary forwarding cluster, causing unnecessary overhead.
(2) The measurement results of the temporary forwarding cluster are summarized and reach the cluster head node in a hop-by-hop mode, and a hop-by-hop decoding forwarding process brings great time delay.
(3) The cluster head node of the current forwarding cluster informs the result to the member node and the next cluster head node in the cluster in a hop-by-hop forwarding mode, and the process of the cluster head feedback result brings great time delay.
In view of the above problems, which cannot be solved by the existing MAC protocol, it is necessary to design a set of channel sounding and media control methods suitable for the super multi-hop ad hoc network.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a channel detection and media control method of an ultra-multi-hop ad hoc network, which aims to solve the problem that the time delay is too large in clustering of the existing wireless ad hoc network communication method.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for channel sounding and media control of a super multi-hop ad hoc network, comprising:
s1: determining the topology structure of the super multi-hop ad hoc network, and carrying out initial configuration on the super multi-hop ad hoc network;
s2: monitoring a channel by using a source node, and sending RTS signaling to a next hop node;
s3: each relay node is taken as a current node p k Current node p k When the current data frame receives RTS signaling sent by the last hop node, judging the current node p k Whether the current node is the last node in the current cluster or not, and executing the step S4 if the current node is not the last node in the current cluster according to the judging result, otherwise executing the step S5 until the current node is the target node, and turning to the step S8;
s4: taking the next data frame of the current data frame as a new current data frame, and the current node bidirectionally transmits RTS signaling in a control time slot of the current data frame and establishes communication with two adjacent nodes in the current cluster;
S5: taking the next data frame of the current data frame as a new current data frame, and sending CTS signaling in a control time slot of the current data frame by the current node to inform all nodes of the current cluster to stop sending or forwarding reference signals and inform the next hop node to start forming a new cluster;
s6: after receiving CTS signaling sent by the next hop node, all nodes in the current cluster forward the CTS signaling backward and stop sending or forwarding reference signals until the current node is a cluster head node, and directly ending continuous data frame transmission;
s7: the relay node receives the CTS signaling sent by the previous hop node, starts the formation of a new cluster as a cluster head node, and returns to the step S3; until the current node is the destination node, go to step S8;
s8: and the destination node feeds back the ACK signaling to the source node and then performs data transmission.
The step S1 includes:
s11: determining the position of each node of the super multi-hop ad hoc network;
s12: performing node hardware configuration, including: configuring a unique identifier for each node to number each node; 2 transceiving antennas are configured for each node, one antenna faces forward and one antenna faces backward, and the transceiving antennas can work in the mode of amplifying forwarding and decoding forwarding in a switchable manner;
S13: performing time slot configuration of data frames, wherein the time slot of each data frame comprises a control time slot and a measurement time slot;
s14: performing format configuration of a control frame, wherein the frame structure of the control frame comprises frame control, numbering of a source node, a cluster head node of a current cluster, a current node and a destination node, and cyclic check; the frame control is used to distinguish RTS signaling, CTS signaling, and ACK signaling.
The step S2 includes:
s21: the source node monitors carrier waves to determine whether a channel is idle;
s22: if the channel is idle, continuing to step S23, otherwise, waiting for a random back-off time, and then repeating step S21 to perform carrier sensing until the channel is idle, and continuing to step S23 at the moment;
s23: starting the transmission and the reception of continuous data frames by the source node by taking the current moment as a starting point;
s24: the source node sends RTS signaling to the next hop node in the control time slot of the current data frame, and sends the reference signal of the current cluster in the measurement time slot of the current data frame;
s25: taking the next data frame of the current data frame as a new current data frame, and waiting for receiving RTS signaling fed back by the next hop node of the source node by the source node in a control time slot of the current data frame;
S26: if the source node receives RTS signaling sent by the next hop node of the source node, sending a reference signal of the current cluster in a measurement time slot of each next data frame, and keeping a control time slot idle to wait for receiving CTS signaling sent by the next hop node until receiving the CTS signaling or overtime;
otherwise, the source node takes the next data frame as a new current data frame, and returns to the step S24 until the repetition number of the step S24 reaches the maximum retransmission number or the source node receives RTS signaling sent by the next hop node of the source node.
The step S3 includes:
s31: each relay node is taken as a current node p k Judging the current node p k Whether the last hop node p of the current node is received in the control slot of the current data frame k-1 The RTS signaling RTS (h, k-1, d) is sent;
s32: at the current node p k When RTS signaling RTS (h, k-1, d) sent by the last hop node is received, the current node p k First, the current node p is judged k Whether or not it is the destination node p d ；
S33: if the current node p k If the node is the destination node, the step S8 is carried out; otherwise, according to the cluster headJudging whether the number of the nodes of the current cluster is smaller than the maximum number of the nodes or not according to the number of the nodes and the number of the current nodes;
S34: if the number of the nodes of the current temporary forwarding cluster is equal to the maximum number of nodes, the current node is the last node of the current cluster, and the step S5 is carried out; otherwise, receiving a reference signal in a measurement time slot of the current data frame, and estimating the signal-to-noise ratio according to the received reference signal;
s35: judging whether the estimated signal-to-noise ratio is larger than a threshold value or not; if the estimated signal-to-noise ratio is greater than the threshold value, the current node is not the last node of the current cluster, and the step S4 is switched, otherwise, the current node is the last node of the current cluster, and the step S5 is switched.
In the step S4, the current node sends RTS signaling in both directions in a control slot of the current data frame, and establishes communication with two neighboring nodes in the current cluster, which specifically includes:
s41: current node p k Sending RTS signaling in two directions in control time slot of current data frame in order to send RTS signaling to two adjacent nodes in current cluster;
s42: current node p k Amplifying and forwarding the reference signal of the current cluster along the forward direction in the measuring time slot of the current data frame;
s43: taking the next data frame of the current data frame as a new current data frame, and waiting RTS signaling fed back by the next hop node of the current node in a control time slot of the current data frame by the current node;
S44: if the current node receives RTS signaling sent by the next hop node of the current node, sending or amplifying and forwarding a reference signal of the current cluster in a measuring time slot of each next data frame, and keeping a control time slot idle to wait for receiving CTS signaling sent by the next hop node until receiving the CTS signaling or overtime; otherwise, taking the next data frame as a new current data frame, forward sending RTS signaling to the next hop node by the current node in the control time slot of the current frame, and returning to the step S42 until the repetition number of the step S41 reaches the maximum retransmission number C or the current node receives the RTS signaling sent by the next hop node of the current node.
The step S6 specifically includes: taking the node which receives the CTS signaling sent by the next-hop node as the current node, taking the data frame of the CTS signaling received by the current node as the current data frame if the current node is not a cluster head node, changing the current data frame and the later measuring time slot into idle, sending the CTS signaling to the last-hop node after the control time slot of the next data frame, and ending the transmission of continuous data frames; if the current node is the cluster head node, the transmission of the continuous data frames is directly ended.
The step S7 includes:
s71: taking the CTS signaling sent by the last hop node as a current node, wherein the current node is a cluster head node, and setting a forwarding mode of the current node in a data transmission stage as decoding forwarding;
s72: the current node feeds back RTS signaling to the previous hop node in the control time slot of the current data frame so as to inform the current node that CTS signaling is received;
s73: waiting N data frames to obtain a new current data frame, if the current node is not a destination node, the current node sends RTS signaling to a next hop node in a control time slot of the current data frame, sends a reference signal of a current cluster in a measurement time slot, and then returns to step S3; otherwise, go to step S8.
Preferably, N.ltoreq.k-h-2, where k is the number of the current node and h is the number of the cluster head node of the previous cluster.
The step S8 includes: the destination node firstly sends a CTS signaling to inform the nodes in the cluster that the establishment of the current cluster is completed, and after all the nodes waiting for the current cluster receive the CTS signaling, sends an ACK signaling to the source node to inform that the connection is established, and then carries out data transmission.
Preferably, the destination node waits for all nodes of the current cluster to receive CTS signaling by just setting up to wait for N2 data frames, where n2=d-h, h is a cluster head node of the cluster where the destination node is located, and d is the destination node.
Preferably, when data transmission is performed, the working modes of the source node, the destination node and the two transceiving antennas of each cluster head node are set to be a decoding forwarding mode, and the working modes of the two transceiving antennas of the other nodes are set to be an amplifying forwarding mode.
The channel detection and media control method of the ultra-multi-hop ad hoc network realizes the communication between nodes through RTS signaling, CTS signaling and ACK signaling: and the RTS signaling informs the last hop node to repeatedly send/forward the reference signal in the measurement time slot, and informs the next hop node to detect the signal to noise ratio. The CTS signaling informs the members in the cluster that the current cluster has been formed, stops sending/forwarding the known reference signal, and informs the next-hop node to perform new cluster formation. The ACK signaling informs the source node that the connection establishment is completed and data transmission can be performed. Therefore, the invention reduces the total time delay for establishing connection from the source node to the destination node by the communication mode of the RTS signaling, the CTS signaling and the ACK signaling.
The invention effectively solves the problems of channel detection and media control of the linear super multi-hop ad hoc network by simulating data transmission of the super multi-hop hybrid relay in a measuring time slot and carrying out channel detection, communication between nodes in a control time slot and comprehensive application of ACK connection confirmation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical power super multi-hop ad hoc network.
Fig. 2 is a typical ultra multi-hop low latency transmission flow diagram.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a super multi-hop communication of the channel sounding and media control method of the super multi-hop ad hoc network of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a process flow diagram of a source node of the channel sounding and media control method of the super multi-hop ad hoc network of the present invention
Fig. 5A-5C are process flow diagrams of relay nodes of the channel sounding and media control method of the super multi-hop ad hoc network of the present invention, wherein fig. 5B shows the content of the flow 1 in fig. 5A, and fig. 5C shows the content of the flow 2 in fig. 5A.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of slot assignments
Fig. 7 is a frame structure diagram of a control frame.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a channel sounding and media control method of the super multi-hop ad hoc network according to the present invention when the source node does not immediately receive an RTS.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a channel sounding and media control method of the super multi-hop ad hoc network according to the present invention when RTS is transmitted in both directions.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a channel sounding and media control method of the super multi-hop ad hoc network according to the present invention when a CTS is received by a node in a cluster.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a channel sounding and media control method of the super multi-hop ad hoc network according to the present invention, in which CTS signaling is received at a node and RTS signaling is fed back.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Aiming at the defects of the patent document with the application number of CN202010908325.5 shown in fig. 3, the invention discloses a channel detection and media control method of a super multi-hop ad hoc network.
As shown in fig. 3, fig. 4, and fig. 5A to fig. 5C, the channel detection and media control method of the super multi-hop ad hoc network of the present invention specifically includes:
step S1: and determining the topological structure of the super multi-hop ad hoc network, and carrying out initial configuration on the super multi-hop ad hoc network.
The step S1 includes:
step S11: site configuration of the super multi-hop ad hoc network is performed, i.e., a position of each node of the super multi-hop ad hoc network is determined.
The position (i.e. the sites) of each node is approximately located in a straight line, the sites are networked according to a chain structure, and the distance between two adjacent sites can be 500-1000 meters.
Step S12: performing node hardware configuration, including: configuring a unique identifier for each node to number each node; 2 transceiver antennas are configured for each node, one antenna faces forward and one antenna faces backward, and the transceiver antennas can be switchably operated in an amplifying and forwarding mode and a decoding and forwarding mode, wherein the amplifying and forwarding mode refers to an analog amplifying and forwarding mode.
Thus, the node can distinguish whether the data packet is transmitted from the forward direction or the backward direction according to the arrival angle. The direction from the source node to the destination node is defined herein as forward and the direction from the destination node to the source node is defined herein as backward.
Step S13: and performing time slot configuration of the data frame.
Fig. 6 shows a slot allocation structure of data frames, and each slot of the data frames includes a control slot and a measurement slot.
The control time slot is used for sending and receiving control signaling such as RTS, CTS and the like; the measurement slots are only used to transmit known reference signals for signal-to-noise ratio estimation, and no control signaling such as RTS, CTS, etc. is transmitted. Thus, the invention can simulate the data transmission of the ultra multi-hop hybrid relay in the 'measurement time slot' and carry out channel detection, and carry out communication between nodes in the 'control time slot' in the following steps. The division of the measurement time slot and the reference time slot is beneficial to cooperative communication among the nodes, and collision and interference among the nodes are reduced.
Wherein the estimated signal-to-noise ratio is the signal-to-noise ratio between the cluster head node and the current node. Specifically, the cluster head node transmits a reference signal in a measurement time slot, a preamble node in the cluster receives a signal transmitted in the forward direction, and performs AF forwarding on the signal towards the forward direction, and finally, the multipath signals are overlapped to the signal-to-noise ratio of the current node. The time delay among the multipath signals is different, but because the relay node is in analog amplification and forwarding, the time delay difference is smaller, and the influence caused by the time delay can be reduced through the cyclic prefix CP.
Step S14: and carrying out format configuration of the control frame.
The frame structure of the control frame is shown in fig. 7, and includes frame control, numbering of a source node, a cluster head node of a current cluster, a current node and a destination node, and cyclic check.
Wherein frame control is used to distinguish RTS/CTS/ACK signaling. All nodes are denoted by p in order number 1 、p 2 、p 3 、…、p k 、…、p N N is the total number of nodes from the source node to the destination node, s, h, k and d are the source node, the cluster head node of the current cluster and the current node for sending signaling respectivelyThe number of the point and the destination node, and therefore the source node is p s ＝p 1 The destination node is p d ＝p N 。
RTS signaling is expressed as RTS (h, k, d), and the symbol RTS (h, k, d) is expressed as p for the cluster head node of the current cluster h By the current node p k Issue (current node p k Is a node in the current cluster, which is likely to be the cluster head node p of the current cluster h ) The destination node is p d RTS signaling of (c). CTS signaling is denoted as CTS (h, k, d), CTS (h, k, d) denotes that the cluster head node of the current cluster is p h By the current node p k The sending out, the destination node is p d CTS signaling of (c). ACK signaling is denoted as ACK (s, h, d), ACK (s, h, d) denotes that the source node is p s By the cluster head node p of the current cluster h The sending out, the destination node is p d ACK signaling for (a) is provided. Note that, the nodes other than the cluster head node in the current cluster also send ACK signaling, but the ACK signaling is still expressed as ACK (s, h, d), which is because the sending mode of the nodes other than the cluster head node in the current cluster is analog AF forwarding, that is, directly amplifying and forwarding the radio frequency signal, so that the member nodes in the cluster cannot distinguish the specific content of the data packet of the ACK signaling, and do not modify the content of the ACK signaling.
Step S2: and monitoring a channel by using the source node, and sending RTS signaling to the next hop node to start the connection process.
As shown in fig. 6, the step S2 specifically includes:
step S21: the source node monitors carrier waves to determine whether a channel is idle;
step S22: if the channel is idle, the step S23 is continued, otherwise, the medium is busy at the current moment, the random back-off time is waited, and then the step S21 is repeated for carrier sensing until the channel is idle, at this time, the step S23 is continued. Thus, the above-described process of steps S21 and S12 may be repeated until the channel is free.
Step S23: starting the transmission and the reception of continuous data frames by the source node by taking the current moment as a starting point;
step S24: source node sends in control time slot of current data frameRTS signals RTS (s, s, d) to next hop node p s+1 Transmitting a first cluster reference signal REF (1) in a measurement slot of a current data frame;
where s is the number of the source node and d is the number of the destination node, so that RTS (s, s, d) represents RTS signaling sent when the source node is the current node, i.e., source node p s As a cluster head node of the current cluster, a source node p s Sent out as the current node, the destination node is p d ACK signaling for (a) is provided. Node p s+1 As the source node p s Is the next hop node of (c). REF (1) represents the reference signal transmitted by all nodes in the current cluster (i.e., first cluster # 1).
As shown in fig. 3, when the channel is idle, the source node starts transmission and reception based on the data frame. Let the number of the source node be s and the number of the destination node be d. The source node sends RTS (s, s, d) to the next hop node of the source node, namely node p, in the control slot of the current data frame s+1 A known first cluster reference signal REF (1) is transmitted in a measurement slot of a current data frame. REF (1) represents the reference signal transmitted by all nodes in the first cluster # 1. Reference signals transmitted by all nodes in the nth cluster #n are denoted by REF (n). The reference signals employed by different clusters are not identical. In order to avoid interference between the forwarding clusters and improve SNR measurement accuracy, the first cluster reference signal REF (1), the second cluster reference signal REF (2), and the n-th cluster reference signal REF (n) are orthogonal to each other, and may be frequency domain orthogonal or code domain orthogonal, which is well known in the industry and is not described in detail.
Step S25: taking the next data frame of the current data frame as a new current data frame, and waiting for receiving the next hop node p of the source node by the source node in the control time slot of the current data frame s+1 The fed back RTS signals RTS (s, s+1, d).
The RTS signaling is shown in fig. 7, and does not include the value of the signal-to-noise ratio, and includes node information of the source node, the destination node, the cluster head node and the current node. The value of the signal-to-noise ratio is only determined by the next hop node p of the source node s+1 Saving next hop node p of source node s+1 And judging a clustering condition according to the signal-to-noise ratio. The purpose of sending RTS signaling to the previous hop node is to notify the previous hopAnd the node receives the reference signal from the current node and finishes the signal-to-noise ratio estimation.
Step S26: if the source node receives the next hop node p of the source node s+1 RTS signaling RTS (s, s+1, d) is transmitted, then the reference signal of the current cluster (i.e., the first cluster reference signal REF (1)) is transmitted in the measurement slot of each subsequent data frame, and the control slot remains idle to wait for receiving the next hop node p s+1 CTS signaling CTS (s, s+1, d) is transmitted until the CTS signaling is received or overtime (i.e., the time to wait for the CTS signaling exceeds the first limit time T1).
Wherein, receiving CTS signaling means that the current cluster is established, the transmission of the reference signal may be stopped to end the transmission of the continuous data frame, which is described in detail in step S6 below. If the time waiting for CTS signaling exceeds the first limit time T1, the connection process is considered to be failed, and the transmission of the reference signal is stopped.
Conversely, as shown in fig. 8, if the next hop node p of the source node s+1 Busy, the source node does not receive the next hop node p of the source node s+1 The source node regards the next data frame as a new current data frame and returns to step S24 (that is, the RTS signaling RTS (S, S, d) is repeatedly sent in the control slot, the reference signal REF (1) is sent in the measurement slot, and the RTS signaling RTS (S, s+1, d) is waited to be received in the control slot of the next frame), until the repetition number of step S24 reaches the maximum retransmission number C or the source node receives the next hop node p of the source node s+1 The RTS sent signals RTS (s, s+1, d).
Wherein if the source node receives the next hop node p of the source node s+1 RTS signaling RTS (S, s+1, d) is sent, then the source node receives the source node' S next hop node p as above when step S26 is performed after returning to step S24 s+1 The RTS signaling RTS (s, s+1, d) sent is described in this section. If the repetition number reaches the maximum retransmission number C, the backward RTS signaling is not received yet, and the connection process is considered as failure, and the reference signal is stopped being sent.
Step S3: each relay node is taken as a current node p k Current node p k At presentWhen the data frame receives RTS signaling sent by the last hop node, the cluster forming condition is judged (namely, the current node p is judged k Whether the current node is the last node in the current cluster), and executing the step S4 if the current node is not the last node in the current cluster according to the judging result, otherwise executing the step S5; until the current node is the destination node, go to step S8;
the step S3 includes:
step S31: each relay node is taken as a current node p k Judging the current node p k Whether the last hop node p of the current node is received in the control slot of the current data frame k-1 The RTS signaling RTS (h, k-1, d) is sent;
step S32: at the current node p k When RTS signaling RTS (h, k-1, d) sent by the last hop node is received, the current node p k First, the current node p is judged k Whether or not it is the destination node p d ；
Step S33: if the current node p k If the node is the destination node, the step S8 is carried out; otherwise, the non-destination node of the current node is described, and whether the number of the nodes of the current cluster is smaller than the maximum number N of the nodes is judged according to the number of the nodes of the cluster head and the number of the current nodes max 。
Step S34: if the number of the nodes of the current temporary forwarding cluster is equal to the maximum number of nodes, the current node is the last node of the current cluster, and the step S5 is carried out; otherwise, the number of the nodes of the current temporary forwarding cluster is smaller than the maximum number of the nodes, receiving a reference signal in a measurement time slot of the current data frame, and estimating the signal to noise ratio according to the received reference signal.
Wherein, the current temporary forwarding cluster refers to a set of all nodes from the cluster head node of the current cluster to the current node (including the cluster head node of the current cluster and the current node), and thus, the number of nodes of the current temporary forwarding cluster is equal to the number of nodes from the cluster head node of the current cluster to all nodes of the current node.
The reason for limiting the maximum number of nodes is that multi-stage amplification forwarding brings about multipath delay, and the maximum number of nodes can be calculated according to the size of the cyclic prefix. The cumulative processing delay of the multi-hop relay forwarding node must not exceed the size of the cyclic prefix in the wireless ad hoc network to eliminate the inter-channel interference generated by multipath propagation.
The signal-to-noise ratio is derived from a reference signal estimate, which is well known in the art (see, e.g., document [ D.R. Paulozzi and N.C. Beaulieu, "A comparison of SNR estimation techniques for the AWGN channel," IEEE Trans. Wireless Communications, vol.48, no.10,2000 "). The estimated signal-to-noise ratio is the signal-to-noise ratio from the cluster head node of the current cluster to the current node, specifically, the cluster head node sends a reference signal, the preamble node in the cluster receives the forward sent signal, and then forwards the signal to the next hop node along the forward AF, and finally the estimated signal-to-noise ratio is the signal-to-noise ratio of the multipath signal superposition to the current node. When the network is initially configured, all nodes acquire reference signals, and the reference signals are widely applied to various communication technologies.
Step S35: judging whether the estimated signal-to-noise ratio is larger than a threshold value or not; if the estimated signal-to-noise ratio is greater than the threshold value, the current node is not the last node of the current cluster, and the step S4 is switched, otherwise, the current node is the last node of the current cluster, and the step S5 is switched.
Step S4: and taking the next data frame of the current data frame as a new current data frame, sending RTS signaling by the current node in a control time slot of the current data frame in a two-way manner, and establishing communication with two adjacent nodes in the current cluster.
The purpose of sending the RTS signaling in two directions is as follows: firstly, notifying the current node signal-to-noise ratio of the previous hop node that the detection is finished, and transmitting/forwarding a known reference signal in each measurement time slot; and secondly, notifying the next hop node to detect the signal to noise ratio in the measuring time slot of the next data frame. Current node p k Waiting for the next hop node p k+1 The RTS signaling RTS (h, k+1, d) fed back after the signal-to-noise ratio measurement is finished, and the process is consistent with the waiting process of the source node.
Therefore, in the step S4, the current node sends RTS signaling in both directions in the control slot of the current data frame, and establishes communication with two neighboring nodes in the current cluster, which specifically includes:
Step S41: as shown in fig. 9, the current node p k Sending RTS signaling in both directions in the control slot of the current data frame to two neighboring nodes p in the current cluster k-1 and pk+1 Send RTS signaling RTS (h, k, d);
step S42: current node p k Amplifying and forwarding the reference signal of the current cluster along the forward direction in the measuring time slot of the current frame (namely forwarding the reference signal towards the direction of the next hop node);
step S43: taking the next data frame of the current data frame as a new current data frame, and the current node p k Waiting for the next hop node p of the current node in the control slot of the current data frame k+1 The fed back RTS signals RTS (h, k+1, d).
Step S44: if the current node p k Receiving the next hop node p of the current node k+1 RTS signaling RTS (h, k+1, d) is sent, then the reference signal REF (h) of the current cluster is sent or amplified and forwarded in the measurement slot of each subsequent data frame, the control slot remains idle to wait for the reception of the next hop node p k+1 CTS signaling CTS (h, k+1, d) is transmitted until the CTS signaling is received or overtime (i.e., the time to wait for the CTS signaling exceeds the first limit time T1).
Wherein, receiving CTS signaling means that the current cluster is established, then the current node p k The reference signal may be stopped being transmitted by keeping idle the measurement time slot of the current data frame, and CTS signaling CTS (h, k, d) is transmitted to the previous hop node p after the control time slot of the current data frame k-1 The transmission of successive data frames is then ended. If the time waiting for CTS signaling exceeds the first limit time T1, the connection process is considered to be failed, and the transmission of the reference signal is stopped.
Otherwise, if the next hop node p of the current node k+1 Busy, the current node does not receive the next hop node p of the current node k+1 RTS signaling RTS (h, k+1, d) of feedback, then taking next data frame as new current data frame, at control time slot of current frame, current node p k Forward send RTS signaling RTS (h, k, d) to its next hop node p k+1 And go back to step S42 (that is, the RTS signaling RTS (h, k, d) is repeatedly transmitted in the control slot, the reference signal REF (h) is transmitted in the measurement slot, and the control slot of the next frame is idle to wait for the RTS (h, k+1, d) to be received until the number of repetitions of step S41 reaches the maximum number of retransmissions C or the current node receives the next hop node p of the current node k+1 The RTS sent signals RTS (h, k+1, d).
Step S5: taking the next data frame of the current data frame as a new current data frame, and sending CTS signaling in a control time slot of the current data frame by the current node to inform all nodes of the current cluster to stop sending or forwarding reference signals and inform the next hop node to start forming a new cluster;
When the size of the cluster is determined, namely the current node is determined to be the last node in the current cluster, the current node is used as the last node in the current cluster to send CTS signaling in a bidirectional way in a control time slot, and the measurement time slot is empty at the moment, namely the CTS signaling is sent to a previous-hop node and a next-hop node. The purpose of sending CTS signaling bi-directionally is two: firstly, notifying that the node cluster in the current cluster is formed, and stopping sending/forwarding the reference signal; secondly, notifying the next hop node to become a cluster head, and starting to form a new cluster.
Step S6: after receiving CTS signaling sent by the next hop node, all nodes in the current cluster forward the CTS signaling backward and stop sending or forwarding reference signals until the current node is a cluster head node, and directly ending continuous data frame transmission;
thus, all nodes within the current cluster stop sending or forwarding reference signals.
The step S6 specifically includes: taking the node which receives CTS signaling CTS (h, k+1, d) sent by the next-hop node as a current node, taking a data frame of which the current node receives CTS signaling as a current data frame if the current node is not a cluster head node, changing the current data frame and a later measurement time slot into idle, sending CTS signaling to a previous-hop node after a control time slot of the next data frame, and ending the transmission of continuous data frames; if the current node is the cluster head node, the transmission of the continuous data frames is directly ended.
For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the intra-cluster node p k-1 Receiving CTS (h, k, d) transmitted from the next hop node, stopping forwarding the reference signal in the measurement slot and transmitting CTS (h, k-1, d) to node p after the control slot of the next data frame k-2 And the node in the cluster sequentially sends the CTS signaling until the cluster head node receives the CTS signaling.
Step S7: the relay node receives the CTS signaling sent by the previous hop node, starts the formation of a new cluster as a cluster head node, and returns to the step S3; until the current node is the destination node, go to step S8;
taking CTS signaling CTS (h, k-1, d) sent by a node receiving the last hop as a current node p k And if the received CTS signaling sent by the previous hop node is CTS (h, k-1, d), the node becomes a cluster head node, and a decoding forwarding mode is adopted in the data transmission stage.
The step S7 includes:
step S71: taking CTS signaling CTS (h, k-1, d) sent by a node receiving the last hop as a current node p k Then the current node p k The method comprises the steps that a forwarding mode of a cluster head node in a data transmission stage is set to be decoding forwarding;
step S72: as shown in fig. 11, the current node p k Feeding back RTS signalling RTS (k, k, d) to its last hop node p in the control slot of the current data frame k-1 To inform it that CTS signaling has been received.
It should be noted that if the previous hop node p of the current node k-1 If the feedback RTS signaling is not received, the method repeats the steps of forward sending CTS signaling and waiting for receiving RTS signaling until the number of sending times exceeds C, and the procedure fails.
Step S73: waiting N data frames to obtain new current data frame, if the current node is not the destination node, the current node p k Sending RTS signaling RTS (k, k, d) to its next hop node p in the control slot of the current data frame k+1 And transmitting the reference signal of the current cluster in the measurement time slot, and then returning to step S3; otherwise, go to step S8.
The purpose of waiting for N data frames is to reduce previous cluster transmissionsThe effect of the known reference signal of (c) on the current cluster signal-to-noise ratio estimate. As shown in fig. 8, CTS is sent to nodes in a cluster in a hop-by-hop manner, so when node #k receives CTS from a node in a previous hop, many nodes in a previous cluster do not receive CTS and still send reference signals, and at this time, signal-to-noise ratio estimation is interfered by the previous cluster, so that N data frames need to be waited. N is less than or equal to k-h-2 is less than or equal to N max -2.k-1 is the number of the last hop node, i.e. the last node of the previous cluster, so k is the number of the current node, h is the number of the cluster head node of the previous cluster, so the size of the previous cluster is k-h, k-h is less than or equal to N max . All nodes waiting for the previous cluster stop sending CTS (clear to send) for k-h-2 data frames, but when the previous cluster is far away from the current node in the actual process, the influence of the transmitted reference signal can be ignored, so that N is less than or equal to k-h-2.
Step S8: and the destination node feeds back the ACK signaling to the source node and then performs data transmission.
The step S8 includes:
the destination node firstly sends CTS signaling CTS (h, d, d) to inform nodes in the cluster that the establishment of the current cluster is completed, and after all nodes waiting for the current cluster receive CTS signaling, sends ACK signaling ACK (s, d, d) to the source node to inform that the connection is established, and then can carry out data transmission.
Wherein the destination node waits for all nodes of the current cluster to receive CTS signaling by just setting to wait for N2 data frames, n2=d-h. In CTS (h, d, d), h is the cluster head node of the cluster where the destination node is located, d is the destination node, the number of the current cluster nodes, namely d-h+1, can be calculated according to the cluster head node and the destination node, d-h nodes need to be notified except the current node, so d-h data frames are needed, and CTS signaling can be used for notifying all nodes in the cluster to stop sending known reference signals.
The method for sending the ACK signaling ACK (s, d, d) to the source node is as follows: and each cluster head node forwards the ACK signaling in a backward decoding way, and the member nodes (namely the nodes outside the cluster head nodes) in each cluster judge whether the ACK signaling arrives or not through energy detection and forward the ACK signaling to the AF.
Thereby, the member node in all clusters of the current cluster forwards the ACK signaling to the AF. Because the intra-cluster nodes adopt an AF forwarding mode, the intra-cluster nodes have lower time delay compared with hop-by-hop DF forwarding.
When data transmission is carried out, the working modes of the two transceiving antennas of the source node, the destination node and each cluster head node are set to be a decoding forwarding mode, and the working modes of the two transceiving antennas of the other nodes are set to be an amplifying forwarding mode.
Therefore, the invention determines the topology structure of the super multi-hop ad hoc network and carries out initial configuration on the network. Site configuration: the stations are approximately positioned on a straight line, the stations are networked according to a chain structure, and the distance between the two stations can be 500-1000 meters. And (3) node hardware configuration: each node is configured with a unique identification, and each node may be numbered. Each node is provided with 2 transceiving antennas, one antenna faces forward and one antenna faces backward. Each node may implement unidirectional or bidirectional transmissions. The node can distinguish whether the data packet is transmitted from the forward direction or the backward direction according to the arrival angle. Transmission configuration of the node: each node is configured to switchably operate in an operational mode of amplify-and-forward and decode-and-forward.
The channel detection and media control method of the ultra-multi-hop ad hoc network realizes the communication between nodes through RTS signaling, CTS signaling and ACK signaling: and the RTS signaling informs the last hop node to repeatedly send/forward the reference signal in the measurement time slot, and informs the next hop node to detect the signal to noise ratio. The CTS signaling informs the members in the cluster that the current cluster has been formed, stops sending/forwarding the known reference signal, and informs the next-hop node to perform new cluster formation. The ACK signaling informs the source node that the connection establishment is completed and data transmission can be performed. Therefore, the invention reduces the total time delay for establishing connection from the source node to the destination node by the communication mode of the RTS signaling, the CTS signaling and the ACK signaling.
The invention effectively solves the problems of channel detection and media control of the linear super multi-hop ad hoc network by simulating data transmission of the super multi-hop hybrid relay in a measuring time slot and carrying out channel detection, communication between nodes in a control time slot and comprehensive application of ACK connection confirmation.
For example, the parameter setting n=50, i.e. there are 51 nodes in the super multi-hop ad hoc network. The node number matrix of the forwarding clusters is [5,8,8,6,7,8,8], namely 50 relay nodes are divided into 7 forwarding clusters, and the node numbers of the forwarding clusters are 5,8,8,6,7,8,8 respectively. The overall connection establishment process is as shown in fig. 3, and a signal connection process with a short delay can be implemented.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications can be made to the above-described embodiment of the present invention. All simple, equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims and the specification of the present application fall within the scope of the patent claims. The present invention is not described in detail in the conventional art.
Claims (9)
1. A method for channel sounding and media control for a super multi-hop ad hoc network, comprising:
step S1: determining the topology structure of the super multi-hop ad hoc network, and carrying out initial configuration on the super multi-hop ad hoc network;
step S2: monitoring a channel by using a source node, and sending RTS signaling to a next hop node;
step S3: each relay node is used as the current nodep k Current nodep k When the current data frame receives RTS signaling sent by the last hop node, judging the current nodep k Whether the current node is the last node in the current cluster or not, and executing the step S4 if the current node is not the last node in the current cluster according to the judging result, otherwise executing the step S5 until the current node is the target node, and turning to the step S8; the step S3 includes:
Step S31: each relay node is used as the current nodep k Judging the current nodep k Whether the last hop node of the current node is received in the control time slot of the current data framep k-1 RTS signaling RTSh,k-1,d)； wherein ,his the number of the cluster head node of the current cluster,kis the number of the current node that sent the signaling,dis the number of the destination node;
step S32: at the current nodep k RTS signaling RTS from last hop node is receivedh,k-1,d) When the current nodep k First, judging the current nodep k Whether or not it is a destination nodep d ；
Step S33: if the current nodep k If the node is the destination node, the step S8 is carried out; otherwise, judging whether the number of the nodes of the current cluster is smaller than the maximum number of the nodes according to the cluster head node number and the current node number;
step S34: if the number of the nodes of the current temporary forwarding cluster is equal to the maximum number of nodes, the current node is the last node of the current cluster, and the step S5 is carried out; otherwise, receiving a reference signal in a measurement time slot of the current data frame, and estimating the signal-to-noise ratio according to the received reference signal;
step S35: judging whether the estimated signal-to-noise ratio is larger than a threshold value or not; if the estimated signal-to-noise ratio is greater than the threshold value, the current node is not the last node of the current cluster, and the step S4 is switched to, otherwise, the current node is the last node of the current cluster, and the step S5 is switched to;
Step S4: taking the next data frame of the current data frame as a new current data frame, and the current node bidirectionally transmits RTS signaling in a control time slot of the current data frame and establishes communication with two adjacent nodes in the current cluster;
step S5: taking the next data frame of the current data frame as a new current data frame, and sending CTS signaling in a control time slot of the current data frame by the current node to inform all nodes of the current cluster to stop sending or forwarding reference signals and inform the next hop node to start forming a new cluster;
step S6: after receiving CTS signaling sent by the next hop node, all nodes in the current cluster forward the CTS signaling backward and stop sending or forwarding reference signals until the current node is a cluster head node, and directly ending continuous data frame transmission;
step S7: the relay node receives the CTS signaling sent by the previous hop node, starts the formation of a new cluster as a cluster head node, and returns to the step S3; until the current node is the destination node, go to step S8;
step S8: and the destination node feeds back the ACK signaling to the source node and then performs data transmission.
2. The method for channel sounding and media control of super multi-hop ad hoc network according to claim 1, wherein said step S1 comprises:
Step S11: determining the position of each node of the super multi-hop ad hoc network;
step S12: performing node hardware configuration, including: configuring a unique identifier for each node to number each node; 2 transceiving antennas are configured for each node, one antenna faces forward and one antenna faces backward, and the transceiving antennas can work in the mode of amplifying forwarding and decoding forwarding in a switchable manner;
step S13: performing time slot configuration of data frames, wherein the time slot of each data frame comprises a control time slot and a measurement time slot;
step S14: performing format configuration of a control frame, wherein the frame structure of the control frame comprises frame control, numbering of a source node, a cluster head node of a current cluster, a current node and a destination node, and cyclic check; the frame control is used to distinguish RTS signaling, CTS signaling, and ACK signaling.
3. The method for channel sounding and media control of super multi-hop ad hoc network according to claim 1, wherein said step S2 comprises:
step S21: the source node monitors carrier waves to determine whether a channel is idle;
step S22: if the channel is idle, continuing to step S23, otherwise, waiting for a random back-off time, and then repeating step S21 to perform carrier sensing until the channel is idle, and continuing to step S23 at the moment;
Step S23: starting the transmission and the reception of continuous data frames by the source node by taking the current moment as a starting point;
step S24: the source node sends RTS signaling to the next hop node in the control time slot of the current data frame, and sends the reference signal of the current cluster in the measurement time slot of the current data frame;
step S25: taking the next data frame of the current data frame as a new current data frame, and waiting for receiving RTS signaling fed back by the next hop node of the source node by the source node in a control time slot of the current data frame;
step S26: if the source node receives RTS signaling sent by the next hop node of the source node, sending a reference signal of the current cluster in a measurement time slot of each next data frame, and keeping a control time slot idle to wait for receiving CTS signaling sent by the next hop node until receiving the CTS signaling or overtime;
otherwise, the source node takes the next data frame as a new current data frame, and returns to the step S24 until the repetition number of the step S24 reaches the maximum retransmission number or the source node receives RTS signaling sent by the next hop node of the source node.
4. The method for channel sounding and media control of super multi-hop ad hoc network according to claim 1, wherein in said step S4, the current node bi-directionally transmits RTS signaling in the control slot of the current data frame and establishes communication with two neighboring nodes in the current cluster, specifically comprising:
Step S41: current nodep k Sending RTS signaling in two directions in control time slot of current data frame in order to send RTS signaling to two adjacent nodes in current cluster;
step S42: current nodep k Amplifying and forwarding the reference signal of the current cluster along the forward direction in the measuring time slot of the current data frame;
step S43: taking the next data frame of the current data frame as a new current data frame, and waiting RTS signaling fed back by the next hop node of the current node in a control time slot of the current data frame by the current node;
step S44: if the current node receives RTS signaling sent by the next hop node of the current node, sending or amplifying and forwarding a reference signal of the current cluster in a measuring time slot of each next data frame, and keeping a control time slot idle to wait for receiving CTS signaling sent by the next hop node until receiving the CTS signaling or overtime;
otherwise, taking the next data frame as a new current data frame, forward sending RTS signaling to the next hop node by the current node in the control time slot of the current frame, and returning to the step S42 until the repetition number of the step S41 reaches the maximum retransmission number C or the current node receives the RTS signaling sent by the next hop node of the current node.
5. The method for channel sounding and media control of super multi-hop ad hoc network according to claim 1, wherein said step S6 specifically comprises:
taking the node which receives the CTS signaling sent by the next-hop node as the current node, taking the data frame of the CTS signaling received by the current node as the current data frame if the current node is not a cluster head node, changing the current data frame and the later measuring time slot into idle, sending the CTS signaling to the last-hop node after the control time slot of the next data frame, and ending the transmission of continuous data frames; if the current node is the cluster head node, the transmission of the continuous data frames is directly ended.
6. The method for channel sounding and media control of super multi-hop ad hoc network according to claim 1, wherein said step S7 comprises:
step S71: taking the CTS signaling sent by the last hop node as a current node, wherein the current node is a cluster head node, and setting a forwarding mode of the current node in a data transmission stage as decoding forwarding;
step S72: the current node feeds back RTS signaling to the previous hop node in the control time slot of the current data frame so as to inform the current node that CTS signaling is received;
step S73: waiting N data frames to obtain a new current data frame, if the current node is not a destination node, the current node sends RTS signaling to a next hop node in a control time slot of the current data frame, sends a reference signal of a current cluster in a measurement time slot, and then returns to step S3; otherwise, go to step S8.
7. The method for channel sounding and media control of super multi-hop ad hoc network according to claim 1, wherein said step S8 comprises:
the destination node firstly sends a CTS signaling to inform the nodes in the cluster that the establishment of the current cluster is completed, and after all the nodes waiting for the current cluster receive the CTS signaling, sends an ACK signaling to the source node to inform that the connection is established, and then carries out data transmission.
8. The method for channel sounding and media control of super multi-hop ad hoc network according to claim 7, wherein the destination node waits for CTS signaling by just setting to wait for N2 data frames, n2=d-h, for all nodes of the current cluster to receive.
9. The method for channel sounding and medium control of super multi-hop ad hoc network according to claim 7, wherein during data transmission, the operation modes of two transceiving antennas of the source node, the destination node and each cluster head node are set to a decoding forwarding mode, and the operation modes of two transceiving antennas of the remaining nodes are set to an amplifying forwarding mode.
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