CN102316518A - Improved request-to-send (RTS)/clear-to-send (CTS) communication control method - Google Patents
Improved request-to-send (RTS)/clear-to-send (CTS) communication control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an improved request-to-send (RTS)/clear-to-send (CTS) communication control method. In the method, a channel is divided into three sub-channels which are a data channel, an RTS control channel and a CTS control channel; control packets are continuously transmitted on the control channels in a spread spectrum form; a source node detects the control channels before the transmission of an RTS, and transmits RTS signaling if a destination node is idle and does not have other CTS information; the destination node transmits a multi-state CTS response by detecting the RTS control channel; and the source node makes a corresponding response. By the method, a hidden terminal problem and an exposed terminal problem can be completely solved, and the utilization rate of the sub-channel can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cordless communication network technical field, particularly RTS/CTS handshake mechanism (the RTS full name is Request-To-Send, and the CTS full name is Clear-To-Send), and the solution of WLAN hidden terminal problem and exposed terminal problem.
Background technology
The communication range of each node is restricted in the WLAN, and shared broadcast channel, has caused the appearance of " concealed terminal " and " exposed terminal " problem.
" concealed terminal " is meant that a terminal is positioned at recipient's communication range, and outside sender's communication range.Concealed terminal divides into groups and possibly send to same receiving node because of intercepting the transmission less than sending node, causes the conflict that is grouped in the receiving node place.If this moment, this terminal transmits information then was " hiding transmitting terminal ", see Fig. 1, node C is for hiding transmitting terminal.Hiding transmitting terminal can cause the collision of grouping, reduces throughput of system, and its communication is forbidden; If this moment, this terminal received information, then be called as " hiding receiving terminal ", see Fig. 2, node C can not cause harmful effect for hiding receiving terminal, and its communication is allowed to.
" exposed terminal " is meant in sender's communication range, and the terminal outside recipient's communication range.Exposed terminal maybe delayed delivery because of the transmission that can listen to sending node, but because it outside the communication range of receiving node, in fact its transmission can not cause conflict, this has just introduced unnecessary delay.If this moment, this terminal transmits information then was " an exposure transmitting terminal ", see Fig. 3, node C is for exposing transmitting terminal, and its communication is allowed to; If this moment, this terminal received information, then be called as " exposure receiving terminal ", see Fig. 4, node C is for exposing receiving terminal, because sender's meeting in group disturbs the reception that exposes receiving terminal, so its communication is forbidden.
The existence of concealed terminal and exposed terminal can cause the unordered contention and the waste of WLAN time interval resource, increases the probability of data collision, has a strong impact on throughput, capacity and the data transmission delay of network.Therefore; Must solve " concealed terminal " and " exposed terminal " problem; Promptly allow communicating by letter of " hiding receiving terminal " and " exposure transmitting terminal "; Forbid communicating by letter of " hiding transmitting terminal " and " exposure receiving terminal ", so that obtain higher channel utilization, lower time delay and fairness preferably.
The method of at present the most frequently used solution " concealed terminal " problem is traditional RTS/CTS mechanism.See Fig. 5; In the RTS/CTS handshake procedure; At first send the RTS frame by transmitting terminal all nodes in coverage; All non-destination nodes that receive this frame stop exchanges data, and destination node is then sent the state that the CTS frame representes to get into preparation reception information to source node, can get into data transmission procedure then.Comprise the temporal information that needs busy channel in RTS and the CTS frame, other nodes can be according to the NAV (network configuration vector, purpose are to prevent other data and current data competitive channel in the preset time) of this information adjustment oneself.After transfer of data was accomplished, destination sent ACK, and channel resource is released, new round competition beginning.The length of IEEE802.11 interFrameGap (IFS) is set the transmission priority of frame, comprises short interFrameGap (SIFS), PCF interFrameGap (PFIS), DCF interFrameGap (DIFS) and prolongs interFrameGap (EIFS).SIFS transmission priority is the highest, and the frame transmission priority of DIFS is lower.
Traditional RTS/CTS mechanism is compulsory to have limited all activities of other node in the communication range of communication node, can avoid the collision of dividing into groups like this, effectively solves hidden terminal problem.But, also limited simultaneously the activity that some can nodes in communication, increased unnecessary waiting time, for example, the communicating by letter of " hiding receiving terminal " and " exposure transmitting terminal ".And traditional RTS/CTS mechanism can not solve " exposed terminal " problem.
Except traditional RTS/CTS mechanism; Also have some new methods to be suggested in succession; For example; Application number is that the patent of 200710031832.X has proposed " a kind of method that solves multi-jumping wireless self-network grouping concealed terminal and exposed terminal problem ", and this method has adopted two channels, and receiving node passes through control packet notification exposed terminal through control packet notification concealed terminal, sending node; Thereby on the basis that does not increase hardware realization difficulty, divide into groups to accomplish concealed terminal and the exposed terminal problem that has solved multi-jumping wireless self-network grouping through controls such as design RTS/CTS, DRI/DRFIN, DSI/DSFIN.Though this method has guaranteed packet do not have conflict and take place, and can solve concealed terminal and exposed terminal problem, do not improve channel utilization, and the new control packet communication of introducing makes process complicated.
Summary of the invention
To the problem that exists in traditional RTS/CTS mechanism, and the deficiency of existing scheme, the present invention proposes a kind of improvement project that combines spread spectrum to traditional RTS/CTS mechanism.The present invention has following advantage:
1) can solve " concealed terminal " and " exposed terminal " problem fully, promptly allow communicating by letter of " hiding receiving terminal " and " exposure transmitting terminal ", forbid communicating by letter of " hiding transmitting terminal " and " exposure receiving terminal ".
2) the present invention can improve the performance of traditional RTS/CTS mechanism, improves throughput and channel utilization.
3) the present invention can simplify protocol procedures, reduces protocol parameter.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
1. basic assumption
Supposing the system of the present invention has existed upper-layer protocol can accomplish node discovery and dynamic address allocation function; When node needs the multi-hop transmission, there is corresponding Routing Protocol; When each node sends different service, there is the corresponding business agreement.
Above-mentioned hypothesis is the typical situation of this type systematic, is not extra demand of the present invention.
2. channel is cut apart
The present invention is 3 parts with available wireless physical channel division of resources, is called RTS channel, CTS channel and data channel respectively.Fig. 6 shows the logical schematic that channel is cut apart.It can be that any quadrature or non-orthogonal multiple access are cut apart that channel is cut apart, for example (but being not limited to) frequency division, time-division, sign indicating number branch, quadrature frequency hopping etc.The ratio η that the channel resource that RTS channel and CTS channel have equivalent, data channel account for total resources is a technical parameter of the present invention.
3. time slot
Method among the present invention is with slotted mode work.Keep synchronous or accurate synchronized relation between each node.Slot length T1 sees Fig. 7.Consider protection, comprise a protection gap T2 among the T1 multidiameter delay and node synchronous error.T1 and T2 are technical parameters required for the present invention.
4.RTS/CTS control frame
The present invention only comprises two kinds of control frames, is respectively RTS frame and CTS frame.The RTS frame format is seen Fig. 8, and it comprises the K bit, represents the address of destination node; The CTS frame format is seen Fig. 8, and it comprises 2 bits, the expression response status.Because the known destination node of source node is so the CTS signaling need not to carry the address information of destination node.
If necessary, RTS and CTS frame can increase additional bit to support other necessary function.
The RTS/CTS control frame sends with the mode of DSSS, and is as shown in Figure 9.The used pseudo-random code sequence of spread spectrum generates with the address of source node.Pseudo-random code sequence (but being not limited to) can be m sequence, Gold sequence etc.
The mode of spread spectrum despreading is adopted in the reception of RTS/CTS control frame, and is shown in figure 10.The RTS/CTS channel is monitored with different address scanning by monitoring side, thereby can know the source/destination node address of current existence on the control channel and relevant CTS response status.
The spreading factor SF1 of RTS and CTS channel and SF2 are technical parameters of the present invention, and these two parameters can equate or be unequal.
5. protocol procedures:
1) the transmission request of source node.
Intend with before the destination node B communication for any source node A, A is earlier with all pseudo-code sequences scanning RTS channel and CTS channels, if find the address of B, shows that then other nodes or prepare to communicate by letter with B A node wait at this moment; If the A sweep channel is not found the B address of node, then A sweep CTS channel if find cts signal, then is illustrated in the interior receiving terminal that has other communications of coverage of oneself, continues this moment to detect; If the A sweep channel is not found the B address of node, while CTS channel idle, then RTS signaling (this signaling of following sign is RTS-AB), this signaling each time slot afterwards repeats to continue to send, and is rejected until sign off or communication.
2) response of destination node.
The every time slot of idle node all detects the RTS channel arbitrarily, becomes destination node up to it.For destination node B arbitrarily, if there is the multiple source address to send RTS to B simultaneously, then select one at random, suppose that the source node of reservation is A.B sends CTS rejection signaling (being designated CTS-X2) to other source nodes X; If except that RTS-AB, B also listens to other 2 or other RTS signalings more than 2, then sends CTS-A2 refusal A; Except that RTS-AB, B also listens to other 1 other RTS signaling, then sends and waits for that signaling (being designated CTS-A1) requires A to wait for; If except that RTS-AB, B does not find other RTS signalings, then sends to allow signaling (being designated CTS-A0) to allow A to send, and begins to receive data from next time slot.
3) source node receives the response behind the CTS.
Source node A except that each time slot continues to send the RTS, also uses the pseudo-code sequence of oneself to detect the CTS channel after sending the RTS signaling simultaneously arbitrarily.If receive the instruction of CTS-A2 refusal, then begin to stop to send RTS from next time slot, stop to monitor the CTS channel, then random wait certain time interval T 3 back retries; Wait for instruction if receive CTS-A1, then continue to send RTS, continue to monitor the CTS channel.If be not allowed to yet in the time at T4, then automatically by being rejected execution, but the rollback time counts the stand-by period; Allow instruction if receive CTS-A0, then continue to send RTS, and begin to send data at data channel from next time slot.Above-mentioned T3 and T4 are technical parameters of the present invention.
4) the node A that sends data arbitrarily continues to send the RTS signaling when data take place.Last time slot sending data stops to send RTS.Change idle condition then over to.
5) Node B that receives data arbitrarily also continues to detect the RTS channel with the pseudo-code sequence of source node when receiving data, if current time slots RTS disappears, then it stops Data Receiving after the Data Receiving of accomplishing current time slots, changes idle condition over to.
6) among the present invention, the situation of sending collision has two kinds of situation: a kind of possibility is that the multiple source node sends the RTS request to a destination node simultaneously.So destination node can identify each source node, thereby select one because the spreading code of RTS signaling is different this moment.Another kind of possibility is to be sent in the wait.If occur 2 RTS simultaneously, some is rejected, and some is placed in wait state.If the node of waiting for fails in the stand-by period, to obtain chance, then be rejected.
Compared with present technology the present invention has following characteristics:
1) channel is divided into 3 subchannel, data channel, RTS control channel and CTS control channel.All there are very big difference in data and signaling at aspects such as data volume, reliability requirements, let the identical physical resource of these two kinds of data sharings effectively can not embody its difference.The present invention makes competition only occur in control channel, thereby can improve physical resource utilization with different physical resource separating controlling channel and data channel.
2) the present invention only uses RTS frame and these two frame formats of CTS frame.Because these two frames continue to send, so its existence can express many information, so the present invention can omit NAV parameter in the legacy system, omits the ACK frame, and can omit SIFS, DIFS time delay, thereby improve channel utilization, simplifies protocol procedures.
3) RTS/CTS control divides into groups on control channel, to continue transmission with the spread spectrum form.Therefore the present invention can resist the signaling failure of contingency, and this accidental failure is that a kind of typical case exists in the wireless channel fading channel, so the present invention has better resisting interference performance and anti-fading ability in wireless channel.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 " hiding transmitting terminal " sketch map
Fig. 2 " hiding receiving terminal " sketch map
Fig. 3 " exposure transmitting terminal " sketch map
Fig. 4 " exposure receiving terminal " sketch map
The RTS/CTS mechanism process sketch map that Fig. 5 is traditional
Fig. 6 channel is cut apart logical schematic
Fig. 7 time slot sketch map
Fig. 8 signaling format sketch map
Fig. 9 controls the generation sketch map of signaling-information
Figure 10 controls the reception sketch map of signaling
Channel occupancy situation during Figure 11 two node communications
Channel occupancy situation during four node communications that Figure 12 is independent of each other
Channel occupancy situation during interactive four node communications of Figure 13
Channel occupancy situation when there be " hiding transmitting terminal " in Figure 14
Channel occupancy situation when there be " hiding receiving terminal " in Figure 15
Channel occupancy situation when there be " exposure transmitting terminal " in Figure 16
Channel occupancy situation when there be " exposure receiving terminal " in Figure 17
Embodiment
Specific embodiment below in conjunction with typical scene further specifies the present invention.Present embodiment is only represented schematic illustration of the present invention, does not represent any restriction of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, all channel resource is the continuous wireless frequency spectrum of 5MHz, is divided into by the frequency division mode: " data channel " 4.5kHz, RTS channel 0.25kHz, CTS channel 0.25kHz.Parameter η is 0.9.
Channel time slot length is T1=1250 μ s, protection interval T 2=0, and rollback time T 3 is random numbers, stand-by period T4=10*T1.
Address code length is K=4, can support 16 dynamic nodes.
Spreading factor is SF1=16, SF2=16.Spreading code adopts the Gold sequence.
All nodes are in synchronous regime, comprising: spreading code synchronously, chip synchronization, frame synchronization, and separate the necessary carrier synchronization of timing.
Sight 1:A → B, 2 transmission.
The data transmission procedure of A → B is seen Figure 11.The 1st time slot A sent RTS-AB, and the 2nd time slot B sent CTS-A0, and the 3rd time slot begins to send data.At last time slot of data, RTS-AB stops to send.
Sight 2: when node A was sending data to Node B, node C need send data to node D, and A do not disturb to communicating by letter of D with C to the communication of B mutually, saw Figure 12.
Because A does not disturb to communicating by letter of D with C to the communication of B mutually, so C, D can communicate by letter when A, B communication.C sends RTS-CD, after D receives RTS-CD, replys CTS-C0 at next time slot, connects between C, D and sets up, and begins to transmit data between next time slot C, D.
Sight 3: when node A was sending data to Node B, node C need send data to node D, and A, B, C, D interact, and saw Figure 13.
Because A, B, C, D interact, so when A, B communication, C, D can not communicate by letter.C detects CTS-A0, and can not send RTS-CD this moment, and C continues to detect the CTS channel.After CTS-A0 stopped to send, C sent RTS-CD immediately.After D receives RTS-CD, detect the RTS channel, only detect RTS-CD, then send CTS-C0 at next time slot.Connect between C, D and set up, data begin transmission from next time slot.
Sight 4:C is " hiding receiving terminal ", sees Figure 14, and when node A was sending data to Node B, node C need send data to node D.
When node A when sending data to Node B, node C can detect CTS-A0, and node D detects less than any information.C detects CTS-A0, and can not send RTS-CD this moment, and C continues to detect the CTS channel.After CTS-A0 stopped to send, C sent RTS-CD immediately.After D receives RTS-CD, detect the RTS channel, only detect RTS-CD, then send CTS-C0 at next time slot.Connect between C, D and set up, data begin transmission from next time slot.
Sight 5:C is " hiding receiving terminal ", sees Figure 15, and when node A was sending data to Node B, node D need send data to node C.
When node A when sending data to Node B, node C can detect CTS-A0, and node D detects less than any information.At this moment, node D thinks that node C is idle, and does not have other CTS information in the scope of D, so D sends RTS-DC.D sends RTS-DC, and C detects RTS-CD, owing to there is not other RTS in the coverage of C, replys CTS-D0.Connect between C, D and set up, data begin transmission from next time slot.
Sight 6:C is " an exposure transmitting terminal ", sees Figure 16, and just when the data that receiving node B sends, node C need send data to node D to node A.
As node A during in the data that receiving node B sends, node C can detect RTS-BA, and node D detects less than any information.Because C does not detect other CTS, so send RTS-CD.After D receives RTS-CD, detect the RTS channel, do not have other RTS, then send CTS-C0 at next time slot.Connect between C, D and set up, data begin transmission from next time slot.
Sight 7:C is " an exposure receiving terminal ", sees Figure 17, and just when the data that receiving node B sends, node D need send data to node C to node A.
As node A during in the data that receiving node B sends, node C can detect RTS-BA, and node D detects less than any information.At this moment, node D thinks that node C is idle, and does not have other CTS information in the scope of D, so D sends RTS-DC.After C receives RTS-DC, can detect in the RTS channel RTS that also has other, i.e. RTS-BA, then C sends CTS-D1, requires D to wait for.After D received CTS-D1, still every time slot sent RTS-DC, and constantly detects the CTS channel.Behind the sign off of node A and Node B, node C detects in the RTS channel has only RTS-DC, and then node C sends CTS-D0, allows to connect.After D receives CTS-D0, connect and set up, node D begins to send data at next time slot.D stops to send RTS-DC at last time slot that sends data, changes idle condition then over to.
Claims (11)
1. new RTS/CTS communication control method, it is divided into a data channel and two control channels with physical channel, and the control signaling on the control channel continues to send with the spread spectrum mode, and node is set up by request/response mode and is communicated by letter.
2. the said physical channel of claim 1 is divided, and it is characterized in that with quadrature or quasi-orthogonal mode physical resource being cut apart, this cut apart to comprise but be not limited to time-division, frequency division, sign indicating number divide.
3. the said spread spectrum mode of claim 1 is characterized in that with a pseudo-random code sequence control signaling being carried out spread spectrum, and this spread spectrum mode comprises but is not limited to DSSS.
4. the said control signaling of claim 3 is characterized in that comprising RTS signaling and CTS signaling, and they are made up of several bits.RTS signaling (but being not limited to) at least comprises node address information.CTS signaling (but being not limited to) at least comprises control command, and control command is represented respectively to allow, waited for and refusal.
5. the said pseudo-random code sequence of claim 3 is characterized in that it can being m sequence or other sequences, and sequence is corresponding one by one with the home address of node.
6. the said address information of claim 4 is characterized in that each node has a unique address information, the corresponding unique pseudo-random code sequence of this address information.Each user's addresses information is made up of the K bit, can distinguish 2
KIndividual node.The address of node by system according to the node dynamic assignment in the network.Each node all has an algorithm unit, can obtain corresponding pseudo-random code sequence with given address information.
7. what claim 1 was said continue to send, and it is characterized in that controlling signaling and all is sent out at every time slot, until sign off or be rejected.
Claim 7 said in the crack, it is characterized in that the basic time unit of system operation comprising a plurality of mark spaces or chip-spaced in each time slot.As consider propagation delay and other processing delay, can in the design of control time slot, reserve the regular hour surplus.
9. the said request/response mode of claim 1 is characterized in that:
1) the transmission request of source node.
Intend with before the destination node B communication for any source node A, A is earlier with all pseudo-random code sequences scanning RTS channel and CTS channels, if find the address of B, shows that then other nodes or prepare to communicate by letter with B A node wait at this moment; If the A sweep channel is not found the B address of node, then A sweep CTS channel if find cts signal, then is illustrated in the interior receiving terminal that has other communications of coverage of oneself, continues this moment to detect; If the A sweep channel is not found the B address of node, while CTS channel idle, then RTS signaling (this signaling of following sign is RTS-AB), this signaling each time slot afterwards repeats to continue to send, and is rejected until sign off or communication.
2) response of destination node.
The every time slot of idle node all detects the RTS channel arbitrarily, becomes destination node up to it.For destination node B arbitrarily, if there is the multiple source address to send RTS to B simultaneously, then select one at random, suppose that the source node of reservation is A.B sends CTS rejection signaling (being designated CTS-X2) to other source nodes X; If except that RTS-AB, B also listens to other 2 or other RTS signalings more than 2, then sends CTS-A2 refusal A; Except that RTS-AB, B also listens to other 1 other RTS signaling, then sends and waits for that signaling (being designated CTS-A1) requires A to wait for; If except that RTS-AB, B does not find other RTS signalings, then sends to allow signaling (being designated CTS-A0) to allow A to send, and begins to receive data from next time slot.
3) source node receives the response behind the CTS.
Source node A except that each time slot continues to send the RTS, also uses the pseudo-code sequence of oneself to detect the CTS channel after sending the RTS signaling simultaneously arbitrarily.If receive the instruction of CTS-A2 refusal, then begin to stop to send RTS from next time slot, stop to monitor the CTS channel, then random wait certain time interval T 3 back retries; Wait for instruction if receive CTS-A1, then continue to send RTS, continue to monitor the CTS channel.If be not allowed to yet in the time at T4, then automatically by being rejected execution, but the rollback time counts the stand-by period; Allow instruction if receive CTS-A0, then continue to send RTS, and begin to send data at data channel from next time slot.Above-mentioned T3 and T4 are technical parameters of the present invention.
4) the node A that sends data arbitrarily continues to send the RTS signaling when data take place.Last time slot sending data stops to send RTS.Change idle condition then over to.
5) Node B that receives data arbitrarily also continues to detect the RTS channel with the pseudo-random code sequence of source node when receiving data, if current time slots RTS disappears, then it stops Data Receiving after the Data Receiving of accomplishing current time slots, changes idle condition over to.
6) among the present invention, the situation of sending collision has two kinds of situation: a kind of possibility is that the multiple source node sends the RTS request to a destination node simultaneously.So destination node can identify each source node, thereby select one because the spreading code of RTS signaling is different this moment.Another kind of possibility is to be sent in the wait.If occur 2 RTS simultaneously, some is rejected, and some is placed in wait state.If the node of waiting for fails in the stand-by period, to obtain chance, then be rejected.
10. the said RTS/CTS control frame of claim 9 is characterized in that:
It comprises the K bit RTS frame, represents the address of destination node; The CTS frame comprises 2 bits, the expression response status.Because the known destination node of source node is so the CTS signaling need not to carry the address information of destination node.If necessary, RTS and CTS frame can increase additional bit to support other necessary function.
The RTS/CTS control frame sends with the mode of DSSS.The used pseudo-random code sequence of spread spectrum generates with the address of source node.Pseudo-random code sequence (but being not limited to) can be m sequence, Gold sequence etc.
The mode of spread spectrum despreading is adopted in the reception of RTS/CTS control frame.The RTS/CTS channel is monitored with different address scanning by monitoring side, thereby can know the source/destination node address of current existence on the control channel and relevant CTS response status.
11., it is characterized in that the transmission of data and receive to adopt any one feasible modulation coding mode according to claims 9 described methods.
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