CN114389012A - Antenna device - Google Patents
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- CN114389012A CN114389012A CN202011133545.1A CN202011133545A CN114389012A CN 114389012 A CN114389012 A CN 114389012A CN 202011133545 A CN202011133545 A CN 202011133545A CN 114389012 A CN114389012 A CN 114389012A
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- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical group Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009957 hemming Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
- H01Q19/30—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially straight, e.g. Yagi antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
Abstract
The embodiment of the application discloses an antenna device, antenna device includes: the feed source oscillator adopts a dual-polarized structure, the feed source oscillator is rhombic in appearance, and the caliber length of the feed source oscillator is larger than the central wavelength of a working frequency band which is one half; the feed source oscillator is used for radiating signals; the reflecting plate is positioned behind the feed source vibrator and used for reflecting the signal radiated by the feed source vibrator; the director is positioned in front of the feed source vibrator and used for directing the signal radiated by the feed source vibrator; the shape of the director is rhombic, and the caliber length is greater than the central wavelength of one half of the working frequency band; wherein, the caliber length of the director is less than that of the feed source vibrator.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of wireless communications, and in particular, to an antenna apparatus.
Background
At present, yagi antennas used for tunnel coverage in the related art are divided into single-polarization yagi antennas and dual-polarization yagi antennas, however, no matter the single-polarization yagi antennas or the dual-polarization yagi antennas have low gain and narrow bandwidth, and the two polarization isolation degrees are poor, so that the coverage distance is shortened, and therefore, more yagi antennas are needed to cover tunnels with the same length, thereby increasing the deployment cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve technical problems in the related art, embodiments of the present application provide an antenna apparatus.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the application is realized as follows:
an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna apparatus, including:
the feed source oscillator adopts a dual-polarized structure, the feed source oscillator is rhombic in appearance, and the caliber length of the feed source oscillator is larger than the central wavelength of a working frequency band which is one half; the feed source oscillator is used for radiating signals;
the reflecting plate is positioned behind the feed source vibrator and used for reflecting the signal radiated by the feed source vibrator;
the director is positioned in front of the feed source vibrator and used for directing the signal radiated by the feed source vibrator; the shape of the director is rhombic, and the caliber length is greater than the central wavelength of one half of the working frequency band; wherein, the caliber length of the director is less than that of the feed source vibrator.
In the above scheme, the feed oscillator includes a first polarized feed oscillator and a second polarized feed oscillator; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first polarized feed source vibrator and the second polarized feed source vibrator are positioned on the same plane, and the first polarized feed source vibrator and the second polarized feed source vibrator are arranged in an oblique diagonal direction on the same plane.
In the above scheme, the first polarized feed source oscillator and the second polarized feed source oscillator are arranged on the same printed board and fed by a first microstrip balun board and a second microstrip balun board correspondingly; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first microstrip balun plate and the second microstrip balun plate are respectively arranged on different printed boards, the first microstrip balun plate and the second microstrip balun plate are arranged in a cross shape, the ground structure of each microstrip balun plate comprises two symmetrical parts, and the two symmetrical parts are physically separated.
In the above scheme, the first microstrip balun plate is located at a first position right below the first polarized feed source oscillator, and the second microstrip balun plate is located at a second position right below the second polarized feed source oscillator; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first microstrip balun plate and the second microstrip balun plate are orthogonal to each other.
In the above scheme, the number of the directors comprises at least fifteen, at least fifteen of the directors are arranged in layers, and each layer of the directors comprises two pairs of vibrators; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the two pairs of vibrators have symmetry, are in rhombus shapes and are arranged on the same printed board.
In the scheme, all oscillators with rhombus shapes, which are included in each layer of director, are positioned on the same plane and are arranged in the direction of oblique opposite angles on the same plane; each layer of director comprises oscillators with rhombus shapes which are arranged in a physically separated mode.
In the above solution, the antenna apparatus further includes: the antenna axial rod is sequentially provided with the directors at all layers; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
from the front end to the tail end direction of the antenna axial rod, the size of each layer of director is gradually reduced, and the distances between adjacent layers of directors are unequal.
In the above scheme, the diamond acute angle of the feed source oscillator and the diamond acute angle of the inner edge of the oscillator of the director are both smaller than 70 degrees; the aperture length of the feed source oscillator and the aperture length of the oscillator of the director are matched with the central wavelength of 1 working frequency band, but are slightly smaller than the central wavelength of 1 working frequency band, and the aperture length of the oscillator of the director is slightly smaller than the aperture length of the feed source oscillator.
In the above scheme, the reflection plate is located at a third position behind the feed oscillator, and/or,
the cross section of the reflecting plate is square or round, and/or,
the reflecting plate is made of metal and/or,
the reflection plate has a hemming structure.
In the above solution, the antenna apparatus further includes: the antenna housing is used for protecting the feed source oscillator and the director; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the top and the bottom of the antenna housing are both provided with closed end covers.
In the above scheme, the antenna device is a yagi antenna, and the yagi antenna correspondingly supports multi-stream data transmission when the number of dual-polarized arrays in the yagi antenna is at least one; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
each dual-polarized array comprises dual-polarized feed source oscillators and directors, and under the condition that the number of the dual-polarized arrays in the yagi antenna is at least two, the dual-polarized arrays in the at least two dual-polarized arrays are arranged side by side up and down in the plumb direction, and the distance between the dual-polarized arrays is larger than the central wavelength of one working frequency band.
The antenna device provided by the embodiment of the application comprises: the feed source oscillator adopts a dual-polarized structure, the feed source oscillator is rhombic in appearance, and the caliber length of the feed source oscillator is larger than the central wavelength of a working frequency band which is one half; the feed source oscillator is used for radiating signals; the reflecting plate is positioned behind the feed source vibrator and used for reflecting the signal radiated by the feed source vibrator; the director is positioned in front of the feed source vibrator and used for directing the signal radiated by the feed source vibrator; the shape of the director is rhombic, and the caliber length is greater than the central wavelength of one half of the working frequency band; wherein, the caliber length of the director is less than that of the feed source vibrator.
By adopting the antenna device of the embodiment of the application, the oscillator which has the central wavelength of the working frequency band with the size larger than one half and the diamond shape is adopted as the feed source oscillator, so that the gain of the feed source oscillator can be effectively improved; meanwhile, the director also adopts a rhombus oscillator with similar size and appearance, and the gain of the antenna device such as the yagi antenna can be effectively improved, so that the coverage distance of the yagi antenna is increased, the number of the yagi antennas can be correspondingly reduced when the tunnels with the same length are covered, and the deployment cost of the yagi antenna is further reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of an antenna device structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic right-view of an antenna device structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a single feed element with a diamond-shaped outer shape of a dual-polarized antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic front view of +45 degree polarization of a feed oscillator with a diamond-shaped outer shape in the dual-polarized antenna device provided in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic front view of-45 degree polarization of a feed oscillator with a diamond shape in a dual-polarized antenna device provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic side view of a feed oscillator with a rhombus shape in a dual-polarized antenna device provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic side view of an antenna device without a director according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic right-view of an antenna device without a director according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic top view of a diamond-shaped director in a dual-polarized antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic side view of an antenna assembly with a partial director according to embodiments of the present application;
fig. 11 is a schematic front view of an antenna device provided with a radome according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 12 is a schematic top view of an antenna device provided with a radome according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the described embodiments should not be considered as limiting the present application, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the following description, reference is made to "some embodiments" which describe a subset of all possible embodiments, but it is understood that "some embodiments" may be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments, and that the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and for example, they may be electrically connected, they may be connected through two elements, they may be directly connected, they may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and those skilled in the art may understand the specific meaning of the terms according to specific situations.
Before the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application are introduced, the following description will be made on the related art.
In practical applications, the railway/subway tunnel has a horizontally long and narrow characteristic, and the antenna used for signal coverage in such a horizontally long and narrow area is different from the antenna used for open ground coverage. The tunnel coverage generally adopts an end-fire type, narrow beam, high gain, low wind load antenna, while a plate antenna for a ground macro base station has the characteristic of edge-fire type radiation, and when the plate antenna is vertically installed, a wide beam is horizontally arranged. Therefore, when the plate-shaped antenna is installed on the tunnel wall, the beam energy cannot be concentrated in the tunnel direction whether the plate-shaped antenna is installed vertically or horizontally. In contrast, the yagi antenna is a typical end-fire array type antenna, and is very suitable for the requirement of tunnel signal coverage in such special service scenarios. However, the yagi antenna in the related art, whether a single-polarized yagi antenna or a dual-polarized yagi antenna, has a low gain (e.g., less than 13dBi to 14dBi), a narrow bandwidth (e.g., less than 15%), and a poor isolation between two polarizations.
In the related technology, the yagi antenna is a single polarization structure mostly, the yagi antenna of the dual polarization structure is less, and the scheme design of the single polarization yagi antenna and the dual polarization yagi antenna is basically the same, namely two single polarization yagi antennas are vertically crossed, the feed source vibrator and all leading vibrators of each yagi antenna are arranged on the same plane, the feed source vibrator and each leading vibrator of the two crossed yagi antennas are coplanar or staggered front and back; the effective electrical size of the feed source vibrator and the guide vibrator is in the magnitude of half wavelength (the effective caliber of the folded vibrator is also half wavelength), and the feed source vibrator and the guide vibrator are both thin straight conductors instead of wider conductor sheets; the two conductors of each director are connected into a whole, and the distance between the connected directors is within the range of 0.2 to 0.3 wavelength.
Therefore, as the gain of the yagi antenna for tunnel coverage is low, the bandwidth is narrow, and the two polarization isolation degrees are poor in the related art, the coverage distance is shortened, and therefore, a greater number of yagi antennas are required for covering tunnels with the same length, and the deployment cost of the yagi antennas is increased. Therefore, how to effectively improve the gain of the yagi antenna to increase the coverage distance is an urgent problem to be solved at present.
For the conventional dual-polarized yagi antenna, the only feasible way to increase the gain is to increase the number of directors, but when the number of directors is increased to a certain number, the gain of the antenna will not be increased any more, but the length of the antenna is greatly increased, so that the method is very limited. In addition, in order to expand the bandwidth, the conventional dual-polarized yagi antenna usually uses a feed element and a director with thicker outer diameter, but the distance between the adjacent feed elements and directors of the two polarizations is reduced, so that the isolation degree of the two polarizations is reduced. However, in order to improve the isolation between the two polarizations, the distance between the feed and the director of the two polarizations can only be increased, which in turn leads to a poor uniformity of the two polarizations. Therefore, the conventional dual-polarized yagi antenna cannot solve the problem of the mutual contradiction between the isolation and the consistency of the two polarizations.
Based on this, this application embodiment provides an antenna device, and this antenna device includes: the feed source oscillator adopts a dual-polarized structure, the feed source oscillator is rhombic in appearance, and the caliber length of the feed source oscillator is larger than the central wavelength of a working frequency band which is one half; the feed source oscillator is used for radiating signals; the reflecting plate is positioned behind the feed source vibrator and used for reflecting the signal radiated by the feed source vibrator; the director is positioned in front of the feed source vibrator and used for directing the signal radiated by the feed source vibrator; the shape of the director is rhombic, and the caliber length is greater than the central wavelength of one half of the working frequency band; wherein, the caliber length of the director is less than that of the feed source vibrator.
In order to meet the requirement of a tunnel covering special service scene, the embodiment of the application provides an end-fire type, narrow beam, high gain, low wind load and low cost antenna device, and by adopting a vibrator which has a central wavelength of a working frequency band with a size larger than one half and a diamond shape as a feed source vibrator, the gain of the feed source vibrator can be effectively improved; meanwhile, the director also adopts a rhombus oscillator with similar size and appearance, and the gain of the antenna device such as the yagi antenna can be effectively improved, so that the coverage distance of the yagi antenna is increased, the number of the yagi antennas can be correspondingly reduced when the tunnels with the same length are covered, and the deployment cost of the yagi antenna is further reduced.
The technical solution of the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
An embodiment of the present application provides an antenna device, fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a structure of the antenna device provided in the embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 1, the antenna device at least includes: a feed oscillator 11, a reflecting plate 12 and directors 13 (the number is at least two); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the feed source oscillator 11 adopts a dual-polarized structure, the feed source oscillator 11 is in a diamond shape, and the aperture length is larger than the central wavelength of a working frequency band of one half; the feed source oscillator 11 is used for radiating signals;
the reflecting plate 12 is positioned behind the feed source oscillator 11 and used for reflecting the signal radiated by the feed source oscillator 11;
a director 13, located in front of the feed oscillator 11, for directing the signal radiated by the feed oscillator 11; the shape of the director 13 is a rhombus, and the aperture length is larger than the central wavelength of a working frequency band of one half; wherein, the caliber length of the director 13 is smaller than that of the feed source oscillator 11.
Fig. 2 is a schematic right-view diagram of an antenna device structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the antenna device includes a feed element 11, a reflection plate 12, and a director 13, where the feed element 11 is in a diamond shape, which may also be referred to as a diamond-shaped feed element, the director 13 shown here is a plan view, the number of the directors 13 is at least two, and the antenna device further includes a third polarization element 15.
Here, in practical applications, the feed source oscillator 11 in the antenna device of the embodiment of the present application is a dual-polarized oscillator, which can support dual currents and improve the rate and the capacity, and the dual-polarized oscillator is coplanar and adopts a microstrip balun plate for feeding.
Based on this, in some embodiments, the feed element 11 comprises a first polarized feed element and a second polarized feed element; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first polarized feed source vibrator and the second polarized feed source vibrator are positioned on the same plane, and the first polarized feed source vibrator and the second polarized feed source vibrator are arranged in an oblique diagonal direction on the same plane.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a single feed element with a diamond-shaped outline of the dual-polarized antenna device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the antenna device of the embodiment of the present invention is a dual-polarized yagi antenna, the feed element in the dual-polarized yagi antenna is a dual-polarized feed element, the dual-polarized feed element includes a first polarized feed element 111 and a second polarized feed element 112, as shown in fig. 3, the first polarized feed element 111 is located on one arm of the feed element 11, the second polarized feed element 112 is located on the other arm of the feed element 11, the first polarized feed element 111 and the second polarized feed element 112 are arranged in an oblique diagonal direction on the same plane, that is, the dual-polarized feed element is composed of a pair of the first polarized feed element 111 and the second polarized feed element 112 arranged in a direction of ± 45 degrees, the first polarized feed element 111 and the second polarized feed element 112 are printed on the same PCB substrate, the height between the feed element 11 and the ground is H, where H is 0.316 λ, where λ is the center wavelength of the operating band. The outline of each pair of oscillators (including the first polarization feed oscillator 111 and the second polarization feed oscillator 112) is roughly diamond-shaped, and a diamond block is cut inside the oscillator to form a diamond frame; the outer edge has an electrical dimension of about 1 λ and the inner edge has a diamond acute angle of less than 70 degrees.
The first polarized feed source oscillator and the second polarized feed source oscillator are arranged on the same printed board and correspondingly feed through a first microstrip balun board and a second microstrip balun board; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first microstrip balun plate and the second microstrip balun plate are respectively arranged on different printed boards, the first microstrip balun plate and the second microstrip balun plate are arranged in a cross shape, the ground structure of each microstrip balun plate comprises two symmetrical parts, and the two symmetrical parts are physically separated.
It should be noted that the first microstrip balun plate is located at a first position right below the first polarization feed oscillator, and the second microstrip balun plate is located at a second position right below the second polarization feed oscillator; wherein the first microstrip balun plate and the second microstrip balun plate are orthogonal to each other.
Through the design, the physical difference of the two polarizations of the yagi antenna is almost completely eliminated, so that the consistency of the two polarizations is ensured, the gain of the yagi antenna is improved by 3dBi, the final gain of the yagi antenna reaches about 17dBi, and the signal coverage at a longer distance can be realized.
In practical application, the antenna device provided in the embodiment of the present application is a dual-polarized end-fire array, and in a preferred embodiment, the antenna device is a dual-polarized yagi antenna, that is, the feed element 11 herein is a dual-polarized feed element, and the aperture length of the dual-polarized feed element is greater than the central wavelength of one-half of the operating frequency band, for example, the feed element may be selected as 0.75 λ, 1.0 λ, and 1.5 λ, where λ is the central wavelength of the operating frequency band.
In some embodiments, the dual-polarized feed source oscillator is arranged on the same printed board, such as a PCB substrate, the whole feed source oscillator 11 is diamond-shaped in shape and fed by a microstrip balun board; that is to say, a first polarized feed source oscillator in the dual-polarized feed source oscillator adopts a first microstrip balun plate for feeding, a second polarized feed source oscillator in the dual-polarized feed source oscillator adopts a second microstrip balun plate for feeding, the first microstrip balun plate and the second microstrip balun plate are respectively printed on the other two PCB substrates, the first microstrip balun plate and the second microstrip balun plate are arranged in a cross shape, and particularly, the ground structure of each microstrip balun plate is divided into two parts which are symmetrical left and right and are completely separated physically.
Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of +45 degree polarization of a feed oscillator with a diamond-shaped external shape in a dual-polarized antenna device provided in the embodiment of the present application, fig. 5 is a schematic front view of-45 degree polarization of a feed oscillator with a diamond-shaped external shape in a dual-polarized antenna device provided in the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 4 and fig. 5, a microstrip balun plate 14 is vertically placed right below the feed oscillator 11 and along the ± 45 degree direction, the microstrip balun plate 14 has an inverted L-shaped external shape, ground structures of the microstrip balun plates 14 are symmetric and separated from each other, microstrip feed lines are located right above the centers of the left and right grounds, ends of the microstrip feed lines are open-circuited, the microstrip feed lines are composed of impedance converters of the center wavelength of a quarter of a multiple-section working frequency band, and a top horizontal segment of the microstrip balun plate 14 is coupled to right above the feed oscillator 11; a horizontal open-circuit branch is arranged below the starting end of the horizontal segment of the microstrip balun plate 14. The top horizontal sections of the two polarized inverted L-shaped microstrip balun plates are staggered up and down to avoid intersecting each other. In the embodiment of the application, the first polarized feed source oscillator 111 and the second polarized feed source oscillator 112 are printed on the same PCB substrate, so that the feed source oscillator and the feed structure in the antenna device of the application have good symmetry, and the consistency of the feed source oscillator parts is ensured.
Fig. 6 is a schematic side view of a feed oscillator in a dual-polarized antenna device according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the feed oscillator has a diamond shape, and as shown in fig. 6, the widths of the tops of two vertically-arranged microstrip balun plates 14 are narrowed, and the microstrip balun plates extend upward through the antenna substrate directly above, and the ground of the microstrip balun plate 14 and the arms of the feed oscillator 11 are welded together by metal pads so as to be fixed to each other.
In the dual-polarized yagi antenna, a microstrip adapter plate is arranged at the bottom of each of the first microstrip balun plate and the second microstrip balun plate, the ground of the microstrip adapter plate is tightly attached to the floor of the dual-polarized yagi antenna, a square groove with a small size is formed in the metal floor right below the microstrip balun plate, and the microstrip adapter plate is equivalent to cover the square groove. It should be noted that two microstrip lines are disposed on the microstrip patch panel, one end of each microstrip line is connected to the microstrip lines of the two microstrip balun plates, and the other end of each microstrip line is connected to a 50 ohm feed cable or a microstrip power divider. The ground of the microstrip adapter plate is respectively connected with the floors of the two microstrip balun plates, and the signal line is also composed of a plurality of sections of quarter central wavelength conversion sections of the working frequency band.
It should be noted that the microstrip patch panel may be a square PCB patch panel, and the size of the PCB patch panel is larger than that of the square slot. The bottom width of the microstrip balun plate is narrowed as well, and the microstrip balun plate downwards passes through the PCB adapter plate right below and the square groove formed in the floor; the upper surface of the PCB adapter plate is a microstrip line, the lower surface is a ground, and the microstrip line and the ground are respectively welded with the microstrip line of the two microstrip balun plates and the ground through a metal pad, as shown in fig. 7, a schematic side view of the antenna device without a director and shown in fig. 8, a schematic right view of the antenna device without a director, at this time, the yagi antenna may include a third polarization oscillator 15, and the feed source oscillator 11 is an oscillator with a dual polarization structure and a diamond-shaped appearance.
In some embodiments, the reflector 12 is located behind the dual-polarized feed element in the yagi antenna, and is used for reflecting the signal radiated by the dual-polarized feed element. Specifically, the reflecting plate 12 is used for reflecting the signal radiated by the dual-polarized feed oscillator to the front (in the direction of at least two directors 13) to condense the energy to the front, and then the at least two directors 13 guide the energy radiated by the dual-polarized feed oscillator to the main direction of radiation.
Here, in practical applications, the reflection plate 12 is located at a third position behind the feed oscillator 11, and/or,
the cross-section of the reflection plate 12 is square or circular, and/or,
the reflecting plate 12 is made of metal, and/or,
the reflection plate 12 has a hemming structure.
Specifically, the reflection plate 12, which may also be referred to as a floor, has a structure similar to a box shape, and has notches on two sides, the notch is provided for the third polarization oscillator in the middle, and the reflection plate 12 may be located at the center wavelength position of the quarter of the operating frequency band behind the feed oscillator 11; the reflection plate 12 has a hemming structure, that is, the edge of the reflection plate 12 has a hemming facing outward.
It should be noted that the shape and size of the reflector 12 may be determined according to the array type and size of the yagi antenna, for example, if the array type of the yagi antenna is a linear array, the reflector 12 is a long rectangular; in addition, in order to maintain a high front-to-back ratio even when the width of the reflection plate 12 is small, the edge of the reflection plate 12 is generally curled outward.
In some embodiments, for a dual polarized yagi antenna, the number of directors 13 in the dual polarized yagi antenna comprises at least fifteen, the at least fifteen directors being arranged in layers, and each layer of directors comprising two pairs of elements; the two pairs of vibrators have symmetry, are diamond-shaped in shape and are arranged on the same printed board such as a PCB substrate. Two pairs of vibrators in each layer of director are respectively the vibrators with the caliber length larger than the central wavelength of the working frequency band of one half and the shape of a rhombus.
Fig. 9 is a schematic top view of a director having a diamond shape in the dual-polarized antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application, where each layer of the director in the dual-polarized yagi antenna includes two pairs of oscillators, and each pair of oscillators has a diamond shape and is disposed on the same printed board. Here, each oscillator with a rhombic shape included in each layer of director is positioned on the same plane and arranged in an oblique and diagonal direction on the same plane; each layer of director comprises oscillators with rhombus shapes which are arranged in a physically separated mode. The caliber length of the director oscillator with the diamond shape is smaller than that of the feed source oscillator 11, but the electrical size of the outer edge of the director oscillator is close to 1 lambda, the acute angle of the diamond on the inner edge of the director oscillator is the same as that of the feed source oscillator, and the acute angle of the diamond on the inner edge is also smaller than 70 degrees. On the basis of the structure of fig. 7 or 8, a partial director 13 may be added, resulting in a schematic side view of the antenna device with a partial director as shown in fig. 10.
In some embodiments, the antenna apparatus further comprises: the antenna axial rod is sequentially provided with the directors at all layers; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
from the front end to the tail end direction of the antenna axial rod, the size of each layer of director is gradually reduced, and the distances between adjacent layers of directors are unequal.
In the embodiment of the application, two pairs of oscillators included in each layer of director also have good symmetry, so that two polarizations of the yagi antenna in the embodiment of the application have good consistency; in addition, because the two polarizations of the feed source oscillator and the director in the yagi antenna have better orthogonality, and the yagi antenna is printed by adopting a PCB substrate with a thinner thickness, higher isolation can be obtained.
Here, the diamond acute angle of the feed oscillator 11 and the diamond acute angle of the inner edge of the oscillator of the director 13 are both smaller than 70 degrees; the aperture length of the feed source oscillator 11 and the aperture length of the oscillator of the director 13 are matched with the central wavelength of 1 working frequency band, but are slightly less than the central wavelength of 1 working frequency band, and the aperture length of the oscillator of the director 13 is slightly less than the aperture length of the feed source oscillator 11.
It should be noted that the arrangement direction of each director oscillator with the diamond-shaped outer shape is completely consistent with the arrangement direction of the feed source oscillator, so that the projections of the geometric centers of the director oscillators and the feed source oscillators on the horizontal plane are completely overlapped.
In some embodiments, the antenna apparatus further comprises: the antenna housing is used for protecting the feed oscillator 11 and the director 13; the top and the bottom of the antenna housing are provided with closed end covers.
Fig. 11 is a schematic front view of the antenna device provided with the radome according to the embodiment of the present application, and fig. 12 is a schematic top view of the antenna device provided with the radome according to the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 11 and 12, in practical applications, in order to protect each antenna component and part, generally, the antenna device is further provided with a radome 16, the radome 16 can completely wrap the whole yagi antenna, both the top and the bottom of the radome 16 are provided with closed end covers, and the bottom end cover near one side of the reflector plate 12 is provided with a radio frequency interface 17. Here, the Radio interface 17 may be connected to a source (e.g., a Radio Remote Unit (RRU)) through a Radio jumper.
In practical applications, according to the requirement of supporting multiple streams, one or more dual-polarized yagi arrays may be provided in the radome 16, for example, when one dual-polarized yagi array is provided, the yagi antenna may support data transmission of dual streams (two-transmitter and two-receiver, 2T 2R); when the array is two dual-polarized yagi arrays, the yagi antenna can support four-stream (four-transmitting four-receiving, 4T4R) data transmission; when added to four dual polarized yagi arrays, yagi antennas can then support eight streams (eight transmit and eight receive, 8T8R) of data transmission, and so on.
Based on this, in some embodiments, the antenna apparatus is a yagi antenna, and in a case that the number of dual-polarized arrays in the yagi antenna is at least one, the yagi antenna correspondingly supports multi-stream data transmission; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
each dual-polarized array comprises a dual-polarized feed source oscillator 11 and a director 13, and under the condition that the number of the dual-polarized arrays in the yagi antenna is at least two, the dual-polarized arrays in the at least two dual-polarized arrays are arranged side by side up and down in the plumb direction, and the distance between the dual-polarized arrays is larger than the central wavelength of one working frequency band.
According to the antenna device provided by the embodiment of the application, the oscillator which has the central wavelength of the working frequency band of which the size is more than one half and is diamond-shaped in appearance is used as the feed source oscillator, so that the gain of the feed source oscillator can be effectively improved; meanwhile, the director also adopts a diamond-shaped oscillator with the appearance similar to the size, so that the gain of an antenna device such as a yagi antenna can be effectively improved, the coverage distance of the yagi antenna is increased, the number of the yagi antennas can be correspondingly reduced when the yagi antennas cover tunnels with the same length, the deployment cost of the yagi antenna is further reduced, and the yagi antenna has high application value. In addition, the shapes of the feed source oscillator and the oscillator of the director in the antenna device provided by the embodiment of the application are both rhombus, and the rhombus oscillator is an oscillator with a wider bandwidth, so that the bandwidth of the antenna device provided by the embodiment of the application is correspondingly widened.
In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like, are used for distinguishing similar objects only, and do not denote a particular order or sequence of the objects, and it is to be understood that "first", "second", and the like, where the context allows, may be interchanged with other sequences or sequences, such that the embodiments of the present application described herein may be implemented in other sequences than those illustrated or described herein.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (11)
1. An antenna device, comprising:
the feed source oscillator adopts a dual-polarized structure, the feed source oscillator is rhombic in appearance, and the caliber length of the feed source oscillator is larger than the central wavelength of a working frequency band which is one half; the feed source oscillator is used for radiating signals;
the reflecting plate is positioned behind the feed source vibrator and used for reflecting the signal radiated by the feed source vibrator;
the director is positioned in front of the feed source vibrator and used for directing the signal radiated by the feed source vibrator; the shape of the director is rhombic, and the caliber length is greater than the central wavelength of one half of the working frequency band; wherein, the caliber length of the director is less than that of the feed source vibrator.
2. The antenna arrangement of claim 1, wherein the feed element comprises a first polarized feed element and a second polarized feed element; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first polarized feed source vibrator and the second polarized feed source vibrator are positioned on the same plane, and the first polarized feed source vibrator and the second polarized feed source vibrator are arranged in an oblique diagonal direction on the same plane.
3. The antenna device according to claim 2, wherein the first polarization feed element and the second polarization feed element are disposed on the same printed board and are correspondingly fed through a first microstrip balun board and a second microstrip balun board; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first microstrip balun plate and the second microstrip balun plate are respectively arranged on different printed boards, the first microstrip balun plate and the second microstrip balun plate are arranged in a cross shape, the ground structure of each microstrip balun plate comprises two symmetrical parts, and the two symmetrical parts are physically separated.
4. The antenna arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the first microstrip balun plate is located at a first position directly below the first polarization feed element and the second microstrip balun plate is located at a second position directly below the second polarization feed element; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first microstrip balun plate and the second microstrip balun plate are orthogonal to each other.
5. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the number of directors comprises at least fifteen directors, at least fifteen directors are arranged in layers, and each layer of directors comprises two pairs of elements; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the two pairs of vibrators have symmetry, are in rhombus shapes and are arranged on the same printed board.
6. The antenna device according to claim 5, wherein each layer of director comprises elements with rhombus shapes which are positioned on the same plane and are arranged in the direction of oblique angles on the same plane; each layer of director comprises oscillators with rhombus shapes which are arranged in a physically separated mode.
7. The antenna device according to claim 5, characterized in that the antenna device further comprises: the antenna axial rod is sequentially provided with the directors at all layers; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
from the front end to the tail end direction of the antenna axial rod, the size of each layer of director is gradually reduced, and the distances between adjacent layers of directors are unequal.
8. The antenna device of claim 1,
the diamond acute angle of the feed source vibrator and the diamond acute angle of the inner edge of the vibrator of the director are both smaller than 70 degrees; the aperture length of the feed source oscillator and the aperture length of the oscillator of the director are matched with the central wavelength of 1 working frequency band, but are slightly smaller than the central wavelength of 1 working frequency band, and the aperture length of the oscillator of the director is slightly smaller than the aperture length of the feed source oscillator.
9. The antenna arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflector plate is located at a third position behind the feed element, and/or,
the cross section of the reflecting plate is square or round, and/or,
the reflecting plate is made of metal and/or,
the reflection plate has a hemming structure.
10. The antenna device according to claim 1, further comprising: the antenna housing is used for protecting the feed source oscillator and the director; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the top and the bottom of the antenna housing are both provided with closed end covers.
11. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the antenna device is a yagi antenna, and the yagi antenna correspondingly supports multi-stream data transmission when the number of dual-polarized arrays in the yagi antenna is at least one; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
each dual-polarized array comprises dual-polarized feed source oscillators and directors, and under the condition that the number of the dual-polarized arrays in the yagi antenna is at least two, the dual-polarized arrays in the at least two dual-polarized arrays are arranged side by side up and down in the plumb direction, and the distance between the dual-polarized arrays is larger than the central wavelength of one working frequency band.
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| CN202011133545.1A CN114389012A (en) | 2020-10-21 | 2020-10-21 | Antenna device |
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| CN117410728A (en) * | 2023-12-11 | 2024-01-16 | 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 | Directional antenna director and antenna system |
| CN117410728B (en) * | 2023-12-11 | 2024-04-19 | 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 | Directional antenna director and antenna system |
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