CN114384464A - Single-channel correlation interferometer direction finding device and method based on amplitude correlation - Google Patents
Single-channel correlation interferometer direction finding device and method based on amplitude correlation Download PDFInfo
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- CN114384464A CN114384464A CN202210073017.4A CN202210073017A CN114384464A CN 114384464 A CN114384464 A CN 114384464A CN 202210073017 A CN202210073017 A CN 202210073017A CN 114384464 A CN114384464 A CN 114384464A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
Abstract
The invention discloses a direction-finding device and method of a single-channel correlation interferometer based on amplitude correlation, which utilize N array elements to synthesize the square of the amplitude of a signal with a reference array element after phase shifting for four times, normalize the square of the amplitude of the signal and then complete the manufacture of a reference data sample base, extract the normalized square of the amplitude in the reference data sample base and the normalized square of the amplitude obtained when direction finding is carried out, respectively calculate a correlation coefficient, search out an angle corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient in different directions, wherein the angle is the incident angle of a measured signal, namely the direction of an incident signal, remove the step of calculating a phase difference in the prior art, weaken the influence of the array element with weak received signal strength in an array on a direction-finding result, and improve the direction-finding performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless signal direction finding, in particular to a single-channel correlation interferometer direction finding device and method based on amplitude correlation.
Background
Radio signal direction finding is a key technology and a research hotspot in the field of signal detection and detection, is widely applied to the fields of military electronic detection, civil radio management, signal spectrum detection and the like, and plays an increasingly important role in various fields of modern battlefields, national economy and social development.
Correlation interferometer direction finding is an excellent representative of many direction finding techniques, and estimates the incident angle of a signal by performing correlation comparison between a measured phase difference and a phase difference stored in a sample library, wherein phase difference data in the sample library is acquired in advance by a direction finding system. Because the acquired phase difference data already contains factors such as mutual coupling among array elements, position errors of the array elements, inconsistency of receiving channels and the like, the measured phase difference is used for carrying out correlation comparison with values in a sample library, so that the influence of the factors can be reduced, and the direction finding precision is improved.
The single-channel correlation interferometer needs to acquire the phase difference between a pair of array elements by using a phase shifter at the cost of complex device switching and longer measurement time, and acquire the phase difference between a plurality of groups of array elements by switching a switch array in a time-sharing manner. Like other technologies utilizing phase difference to perform direction finding, the larger the aperture of the array is, the higher the direction finding accuracy is, but the more serious the direction finding blur is, in the direction finding of the correlation interferometer, the direction finding blur is that the correlation coefficient calculated by the phase difference obtained by measurement and the phase difference in several different directions in the sample base is close to the correlation coefficient calculated in the real incoming wave direction, so that a direction finding deviation occurs, the existing correlation interferometer direction finding system usually reduces the antenna aperture to sacrifice the direction finding accuracy to reduce the blur, or determines an approximate interval of the incoming wave direction according to the phase difference of the shortest base line in the array, and then searches in the interval, but the incoming wave direction determined based on the short base line usually has a larger error, so that the incoming wave direction interval cannot be correctly determined. Meanwhile, in an array formed by a plurality of array elements, due to the influences of mutual coupling and shielding among the array elements, the directional diagram of the array elements is distorted and deviates from the ideal omnidirectional characteristic, and the phase measurement error of the array elements with lower signal receiving power is increased, so that the direction-finding accuracy is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a single-channel correlation interferometer direction-finding device and method based on amplitude correlation, so that the correlation interferometer ensures the direction-finding accuracy while a phase difference calculation module is not configured.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a single-channel correlation interferometer direction-finding device based on amplitude correlation, which comprises an acquisition module, a normalization module, a correlation coefficient calculation module and an incident signal angle calculation module;
the acquisition module comprises N array elements, at least 1 reference array element, a radio frequency preprocessing unit, a channel receiving unit and a calculation unit, and is used for acquiring signals in different incidence directions, the N array elements and the 1 reference array element obtain a synthesized signal after four phase shifts, the synthesized signal is subjected to amplification and filtering operations through the radio frequency preprocessing unit, the preprocessed signal is subjected to frequency conversion, filtering and analog-to-digital conversion operations through the channel receiving unit, and finally the square of the amplitude value of the signal is extracted through the calculation unit;
the normalization module is used for performing normalization processing on the square of the amplitude of the signal obtained in the acquisition module to obtain the square of the normalized amplitude, and the square of the normalized amplitude is made into a reference data sample library;
the correlation coefficient calculation module is used for taking out the normalized amplitude square from the reference data sample library, and simultaneously calculating the correlation coefficient with the normalized amplitude square after the normalization processing is carried out on the signal acquired during direction finding;
the incident signal angle calculation module is used for searching out an angle corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficients in different directions, wherein the angle is the incident angle of the detected signal, namely the direction of the incident signal.
The invention correspondingly provides a single-channel correlation interferometer direction finding method based on amplitude correlation, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) acquiring signals in different incidence directions, performing four-time phase shifting on N array elements and 1 reference array element to obtain a synthesized signal, performing amplification and filtering operations on the synthesized signal, performing frequency conversion, filtering and analog-to-digital conversion operations on the synthesized signal, and finally extracting the square of the amplitude of the signal;
(2) carrying out normalization processing on the square of the amplitude of the signal to obtain the square of the normalized amplitude, and manufacturing the square of the normalized amplitude into a reference data sample library;
(3) taking out the normalized amplitude square from the reference data sample library, and simultaneously respectively carrying out correlation coefficient calculation with the normalized amplitude square after carrying out normalization processing on the signal acquired during direction finding;
(4) and searching out an angle corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficients in different directions, wherein the angle is the incidence angle of the detected signal, namely the direction of the incident signal.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the method has the remarkable characteristics that N array elements are utilized for four-time phase shifting and then are combined with the reference array elements to form the amplitude square of a signal, the amplitude square of the signal is normalized to complete the manufacture of a reference data sample base, the normalized amplitude square in the reference data sample base and the normalized amplitude square obtained when direction finding is carried out are extracted to respectively calculate correlation coefficients, the angle corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficients in different directions is searched, the angle is the incident angle of a detected signal, namely the direction of an incident signal, the step of calculating phase difference in the prior art is eliminated, the influence of the array elements with weak received signal strength in the array on direction finding results is weakened, and the direction finding performance is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the direction-finding device of the amplitude-correlated single-channel correlation interferometer of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the square of the amplitude of a sample taken at a time in the present invention when a reference data sample library is made;
fig. 4 is a correlation coefficient for performing a certain direction finding calculation in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a direction finding device of a single-channel correlation interferometer based on amplitude correlation, which includes an acquisition module, a normalization module, a correlation coefficient calculation module, and an incident signal angle calculation module;
the acquisition module comprises N array elements, at least 1 reference array element, a radio frequency preprocessing unit, a channel receiving unit and a calculation unit, is used for acquiring signals in different incidence directions, obtains a synthesized signal with the 1 reference array element after the N array elements are subjected to four-time phase shifting, amplifies and filters the signal through the radio frequency preprocessing unit, performs frequency conversion, filtering and analog-to-digital conversion on the preprocessed signal through the channel receiving unit, and finally extracts the square of the amplitude of the signal through the calculation unit,
specifically, the acquisition module is provided with a direction-finding antenna, the direction-finding antenna comprises 9 array elements, the array element 0 is positioned in the center of a circle, the other 8 array elements are uniformly distributed on the circumference, the phase shift of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees is sequentially carried out on signals of 1-8 array elements by taking the array element 0 as a reference, then the signals are synthesized with the signals of the array element 0, the square of the amplitude of the synthesized signal is calculated, and then the synthesized signal is sent to the normalization processing module to be normalized according to the maximum value of the synthesized signal;
the normalization module is used for normalizing the square of the amplitude of the signal obtained in the acquisition module, storing the square of the amplitude of the signal subjected to normalization, acquiring the whole reference data according to certain frequency intervals and angle intervals, and finally making a reference data sample library
The normalized data is a ═ a1,a2,…,a32]Acquiring data at intervals of 1 degree on each frequency point to prepare a reference data sample base, wherein the data dimension stored in each frequency point is 360 multiplied by 32; data are collected at intervals of 5MHz within the measuring frequency of 200M-6000 MHz, and the formula of normalization processing is as follows:
the reference data sample library is manufactured specifically by that each array element is subjected to phase shifting of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees and then is synthesized with a reference array element to obtain 4 signals, the 4 signals are subjected to amplification, filtering and other processing of a radio frequency preprocessing unit, then are subjected to necessary frequency conversion, filtering, amplification and analog-to-digital conversion through a receiving channel unit, then are subjected to amplitude square extraction through a calculating unit, for an array consisting of N array elements and 1 reference array element, the number of acquired amplitude data at each frequency point and in each direction is 4N, normalization processing is carried out on the 4N data according to the maximum value, the acquisition and storage of the whole reference data are completed according to certain frequency intervals and angle intervals, and finally the reference data sample library is manufactured;
when the reference data sample library is manufactured, the smaller the frequency and angle interval is, the higher the measurement precision of the system is, but the longer the time consumption of simultaneous acquisition is, the larger the storage space occupied by the storage sample library is, and the larger the calculation amount of calculating the correlation coefficient and searching the angle is, for the direction-finding method in the wide frequency band, the frequency takes 1MHz or 5MHz as the interval, the azimuth angle takes 1 degree as the interval to manufacture the reference data sample library, and the data on other frequencies are obtained by interpolation;
referring to fig. 3, when the measurement frequency is 4.5GHz and the incident direction is 0 °, 32 square amplitudes are collected by switching the direction-finding antenna first and then switching the phase shift;
the correlation coefficient calculation module is used for taking out a normalized amplitude square from a reference data sample base, simultaneously calculating correlation coefficients with the normalized amplitude square after normalization processing is carried out on signals collected during direction finding, if a frequency point to be measured is a frequency point stored in the reference data sample base, the amplitude square of the signals is directly taken out from the reference data sample base for correlation coefficient calculation, if the amplitude square of the signals of the frequency point to be measured does not exist in the reference data sample base, the amplitude square interpolation of two groups of signals nearest to the frequency point to be measured is selected from the reference data sample base to obtain reference data, wherein a first formula for calculating the correlation coefficients is as follows:
the second formula for calculating the correlation coefficient is as follows:
where A is the normalized magnitude squared vector measured when performing direction finding, PjIs the magnitude square vector of the frequency signal direction j in the reference database, and T represents transposition;
the incident signal angle calculation module is used for searching out an angle corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficients in different directions, wherein the angle is the incident angle of the detected signal, namely the direction of the incident signal, and particularly, when the angle interval for manufacturing the reference data sample library is large, the incident angle of the detected signal can be calculated by using the maximum value of the correlation coefficients and the large values of the adjacent correlation coefficients at the left side and the right side of the maximum value of the correlation coefficients to improve the angle measurement precision by adopting an interpolation algorithm;
referring to fig. 4, when a 4.5GHz signal enters the array from the 231 ° direction, the correlation coefficient is calculated by using the normalized square of the measured amplitude and the sample data of 0 ° to 359 ° at the 4.5GHz frequency point stored in the reference data sample library, and at this time, the difference between the two methods for calculating the correlation coefficient in the main lobe of the signal entering direction is not large, but the side lobe of the first calculation method is lower, which means that the anti-angle ambiguity performance is better.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, in accordance with embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides a single-channel correlation interferometer direction-finding method based on amplitude correlation, which includes the following steps:
(1) acquiring signals in different incident directions, performing four-time phase shifting on N array elements, then obtaining a synthetic signal with 1 reference array element, performing amplification and filtering operations on the synthetic signal, performing frequency conversion, filtering and analog-to-digital conversion operations on the synthetic signal, and finally extracting the square of the amplitude of the signal;
specifically, the collected signals comprise a direction-finding antenna, the direction-finding antenna comprises 9 array elements, the array element 0 is located in the center of a circle, the other 8 array elements are uniformly distributed on the circumference, the phase shift of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees is sequentially carried out on the signals of the array elements 1-8 by taking the array element 0 as a reference, then the signals are synthesized with the signals of the array element 0, the square amplitude of the synthesized signals is calculated after the signals are synthesized, and the square amplitude is normalized according to the maximum value;
(2) normalizing the square of the amplitude of the signal in a reference data sample library, storing the square of the amplitude of the signal after normalization, completing the acquisition of the whole reference data according to certain frequency intervals and angle intervals, and finally manufacturing the reference data sample library, wherein the square of the amplitude of the signal is
The normalized data is a ═ a1,a2,…,a32]Acquiring data at intervals of 1 degree on each frequency point to prepare a reference data sample base, wherein the data dimension stored in each frequency point is 360 multiplied by 32; data are collected at intervals of 5MHz within the measuring frequency of 200M-6000 MHz, and the formula of normalization processing is as follows:
specifically, a reference data sample library is manufactured by synthesizing each array element with a reference array element after phase shifting by 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °, processing the 4 signals by amplification, filtering, and the like of a radio frequency preprocessing unit, then performing necessary frequency conversion, filtering, amplification, and analog-to-digital conversion by a receiving channel unit, extracting the square of the amplitude by a computing unit, performing normalization processing on the 4N data according to the maximum value for an array composed of N array elements and 1 reference array element, wherein the number of the amplitude data acquired at each frequency point and in each direction is 4N, acquiring and storing the whole reference data according to a certain frequency interval and angle interval, and finally manufacturing the reference data sample library;
when the reference data sample library is manufactured, the smaller the frequency and angle interval is, the higher the measurement precision of the system is, but the longer the time consumption of simultaneous acquisition is, the larger the storage space occupied by the storage sample library is, and the larger the calculation amount of calculating the correlation coefficient and searching the angle is, for the direction-finding method in the wide frequency band, the frequency takes 1MHz or 5MHz as the interval, the azimuth angle takes 1 degree as the interval to manufacture the reference data sample library, and the data on other frequencies are obtained by interpolation;
referring to fig. 3, when the measurement frequency is 4.5GHz and the incident direction is 0 °, 32 square amplitudes are collected by switching the direction-finding antenna first and then switching the phase shift;
(3) taking out normalized amplitude squares from a reference data sample library, simultaneously respectively carrying out correlation coefficient calculation with the normalized amplitude squares after normalization processing is carried out on signals collected during direction finding, if a frequency point to be measured is a frequency point stored in the reference data sample library, directly taking out data from the reference data sample library for correlation coefficient calculation, and if the amplitude squares of the signals of the frequency point to be measured do not exist in the reference data sample library, selecting amplitude square interpolation of two groups of signals nearest to the frequency point to be measured from the sample library to obtain reference data, wherein a first formula for calculating the correlation coefficient is as follows:
the second formula for calculating the correlation coefficient is as follows:
where A is the normalized magnitude squared vector measured when performing direction finding, PjIs the magnitude square vector of the frequency signal direction j in the reference database, and T represents transposition;
(4) the angle corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficients in different directions is searched, the angle is the incident angle of the measured signal, namely the direction of the incident signal, and particularly, when the angle interval for manufacturing the reference database is large, the maximum value of the correlation coefficients and the large values of the adjacent correlation coefficients on the left side and the right side of the maximum value of the correlation coefficients can be used for improving the angle measurement precision to calculate the incident angle of the measured signal by adopting an interpolation algorithm.
Referring to fig. 4, when a 4.5GHz signal enters the array from the 231 ° direction, the correlation coefficient is calculated by using the normalized square of the measured amplitude and the sample data of 0 ° to 359 ° at the 4.5GHz frequency point stored in the reference data sample library, and at this time, the difference between the two methods for calculating the correlation coefficient in the main lobe of the signal entering direction is not large, but the side lobe of the first calculation method is lower, which means that the anti-angle ambiguity performance is better.
Claims (8)
1. A single-channel correlation interferometer direction-finding device based on amplitude correlation is characterized by comprising an acquisition module, a normalization module, a correlation coefficient calculation module and an incident signal angle calculation module;
the acquisition module comprises N array elements, at least 1 reference array element, a radio frequency preprocessing unit, a channel receiving unit and a calculation unit, and is used for acquiring signals in different incidence directions, the N array elements and the 1 reference array element obtain a synthesized signal after four phase shifts, the synthesized signal is subjected to amplification and filtering operations through the radio frequency preprocessing unit, the preprocessed signal is subjected to frequency conversion, filtering and analog-to-digital conversion operations through the channel receiving unit, and finally the square of the amplitude value of the signal is extracted through the calculation unit;
the normalization module is used for performing normalization processing on the square of the amplitude of the signal obtained in the acquisition module to obtain the square of the normalized amplitude, and the square of the normalized amplitude is made into a reference data sample library;
the correlation coefficient calculation module is used for taking out the normalized amplitude square from the reference data sample library, and simultaneously calculating the correlation coefficient with the normalized amplitude square after the normalization processing is carried out on the signal acquired during direction finding;
the incident signal angle calculation module is used for searching out an angle corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficients in different directions, wherein the angle is the incident angle of the detected signal, and the incident angle corresponds to the direction of the incident signal.
2. The single-channel correlation interferometer direction-finding device based on amplitude correlation of claim 1, wherein the making of the reference data sample library comprises: each array element is subjected to phase shifting of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees and then is synthesized with a reference array element to obtain 4 signals, the square of the amplitude of the 4 signals is calculated, for an array consisting of N array elements and 1 reference array element, the number of data acquired at each frequency point and in each direction is 4N, the 4N data are subjected to normalization processing by using the maximum value of the data, acquisition and storage are completed according to certain frequency intervals and angle intervals, and finally a reference data sample library is manufactured.
3. The single-channel correlation interferometer direction-finding device based on amplitude correlation according to claim 2, characterized in that for direction-finding in a wide frequency band, a reference data sample library is made at intervals of 1MHz or 5MHz in frequency and 1 ° in azimuth, and data at other frequency points are obtained by interpolation.
4. The single-channel correlation interferometer direction-finding device based on amplitude correlation according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that if there is no data of the measured frequency point in the reference data sample library, two groups of data closest to the measured frequency point are selected from the reference data sample library, and linear interpolation is performed to obtain the reference data of the frequency point and the correlation coefficient is calculated.
5. A single-channel correlation interferometer direction finding method based on amplitude correlation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) acquiring signals in different incidence directions, performing four-time phase shifting on N array elements and 1 reference array element to obtain a synthesized signal, performing amplification and filtering operations on the synthesized signal, performing frequency conversion, filtering and analog-to-digital conversion operations on the synthesized signal, and finally extracting the square of the amplitude of the signal;
(2) carrying out normalization processing on the square of the amplitude of the signal to obtain the square of the normalized amplitude, and manufacturing the square of the normalized amplitude into a reference data sample library;
(3) taking out the normalized amplitude square from the reference data sample library, and simultaneously respectively carrying out correlation coefficient calculation with the normalized amplitude square after carrying out normalization processing on the signal acquired during direction finding;
(4) and searching out an angle corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficients in different directions, wherein the angle is the incident angle of the detected signal and corresponds to the direction of the incident signal.
6. The single-channel correlation interferometer direction-finding method based on amplitude correlation according to claim 5, characterized in that the reference data sample library is manufactured specifically as follows, each array element is subjected to phase shifting by 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° and then synthesized with the reference array element to obtain 4 signals, the square of the amplitude of the 4 signals is calculated, for an array composed of N array elements and 1 reference array element, the number of data acquired at each frequency point and in each direction is 4N, the 4N data are normalized by using the maximum value thereof, the acquisition and the storage are completed according to a certain frequency interval and angle interval, and finally the reference data sample library is manufactured.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein for direction finding in a wide frequency band, the frequency is spaced by 1MHz or 5MHz, the azimuth angle is spaced by 1 ° to prepare a reference data sample library, and the data at other frequency points are obtained by interpolation.
8. The single-channel correlation interferometer direction finding method based on amplitude correlation according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that if the reference data sample library does not have data of the measured frequency point, two groups of data closest to the measured frequency point are selected from the reference data sample library, and are subjected to linear interpolation to obtain reference data of the frequency point, and correlation coefficients are calculated.
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