CN102062851A - Direction finding method based on improved L array star-carrying broadband multipurpose - Google Patents
Direction finding method based on improved L array star-carrying broadband multipurpose Download PDFInfo
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- CN102062851A CN102062851A CN2009102189869A CN200910218986A CN102062851A CN 102062851 A CN102062851 A CN 102062851A CN 2009102189869 A CN2009102189869 A CN 2009102189869A CN 200910218986 A CN200910218986 A CN 200910218986A CN 102062851 A CN102062851 A CN 102062851A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a direction finding method based on improved L array star-carrying broadband multipurpose The process is that establishing an array model based on an improved L array; carrying out multipurpose frequency domain estimation for array receiving data, and acquiring K spectra peaks by a frequency domain; carrying out analysis of spectra of receiving data of each array element, and forming an array column vector X(n k) by taking data of different array elements corresponding to a target frequency; and spectra peak searching by a cost function as shown in the specification, and judging the amount of signal source, and acquiring the angle of corresponding airspace target. By the method, the operand is small, the performance is superior, under the condition of the coexistence of a plurality of independent sources and multi-pair of coherent source in airspace, and relative precise DOA (direction of arrival) estimation can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the array signal process technique field, is a kind of direction-finding method based on the spaceborne broadband multi-target that improves the L battle array.In DOA estimates, the selection of array manifold is very big to the direction finding Effect on Performance, improves one's methods on the basis of the good even L battle array of usability, proposes a kind of array manifold of improved L battle array, adopt broadband frequency measurement direction finding associating estimation approach, realize simultaneously to the multiobject accurate direction finding in spatial domain.
Background technology
Over nearly 30 years, Array Signal Processing is as an important branch of signal Processing, obtained widespread use in multiple national economy such as communication, radar, sonar, earthquake, exploration, radio astronomy and Military Application field and develops rapidly.So-called Array Signal Processing is meant a plurality of sensors is arranged on the diverse location in space and forms sensor array, receives spacing wave and the signal that receives is handled with sensor array.Its research object is the spatial transmission ripple that carries signal, purpose is to handle by the signal to array received, strengthen needed useful signal, suppress useless interference and noise, and extract the useful information that signal characteristic and signal comprised, as parameter estimation such as signal number visual estimation meter, signal propagation direction (location) and waveforms.Compare with traditional single directional sensor, sensor array has the control of wave beam flexibly, high signal gain, extremely strong interference rejection capability and high advantages such as spatial resolving power, and this also is that the array df technology is able to flourish basic reason in recent decades.
At present, exist at the same time under the situation of coherent source and incoherent source, mainly contain following several based on L array df method:
1. the article " spaceborne bare cloth L battle array is the high-precision direction finding research of area radiation source over the ground " on the Shanghai space flight second phase, delivered in 2006 of people such as Wu's generation dragon, this method is respectively based on equal even L battle arrays heterogeneous, adopt two-dimentional MUSIC algorithm, studied the ground radar radiation source direction finding of spaceborne bare cloth L array, L battle array heterogeneous has very high angle measurement accuracy, but this method only is applicable to independent source, and is often incompetent unable to coherent source.
2. people such as Han Ying China is in May, 2008 article " based on the distributed source 2-d direction finding algorithm for estimating of L battle array " delivered on the fifth phase of college journal northeastward, the direction vector abbreviation that this method method has been studied the distributed source integrated form that will be concerned with is the some information source direction vector method long-pending with the Schur-Hadamard of real vector, proposed a kind of relevant distributed source 2-d direction finding and separated method of estimation based on the L battle array, has effect preferably, but this method calculation of complex, operand is very big.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, provide a kind of calculated amount less relatively DOA method of estimation based on the spaceborne multiple goal source of improved L battle array, there are a plurality of independent sources simultaneously to solve, many to the estimation of the DOA under the situation of coherent source, realize existing simultaneously many to the spaceborne broadband multi-target direction finding function under coherent source and a plurality of independent source situation.
For achieving the above object, method of the present invention comprises following process:
A. set up Array Model, as shown in Figure 2 based on improved L battle array;
B. the array received data are carried out the multiple goal frequency domain and estimate, frequency domain obtains K spectrum peak;
C. the reception data of each array element are made analysis of spectrum, get the data of the different array elements of target frequency correspondence and form an array vector X (n
k);
D. use cost function
Carry out spectrum peak search, and carry out the judgement of signal source number, draw the angle of corresponding spatial domain target.
The improved even L battle array that usability of the present invention is good is carried out DOA and is estimated that under the certain situation of element number of array, the L battle array that not only makes full use of function admirable is to enlarge the aperture as far as possible.To adopt the L battle array to carry out the deficiency that spatial domain multiple goal direction finding is easy to generate the pairing mistake in order remedying simultaneously, the L battle array to be improved, outside the L battle array, increase an array element.Under the situation that has two coherent sources, the bidimensional coupling information that has just comprised two angle on targets in the reception data of this array element, make it from four spectrum peaks, to tell two coherent sources, utilization is based on the DOA method of estimation in the multiple goal source of improved L battle array, do not need multi-dimensional search, reduce operand greatly, and function admirable, can realize that carrying out accurate relatively DOA under the condition in multiple goal source estimates.
Simulation result shows, improved L battle array increases than common face battle array aperture, the resolution height, and compare with common L battle array, have and can carry out the characteristic that angle is estimated two coherent sources.
Can describe in detail by following accompanying drawing and l-G simulation test purpose of the present invention, feature, advantage.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a method flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the array manifold based on improved L battle array of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the space three-dimensional spectrogram of application enhancements L battle array in the emulation of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the spectrum peak contour map of application enhancements L battle array in the emulation of the present invention:
Fig. 5 is a space three-dimensional spectrogram of using 4*4 face battle array in the emulation of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a spectrum peak contour map of using 4*4 face battle array in the emulation of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a space three-dimensional spectrogram of using the L battle array in the emulation of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a spectrum peak contour map of using the L battle array in the emulation of the present invention;
Embodiment
Realize that step of the present invention is as follows:
Step 1 is set up Array Model.
This paper adopts improved even L battle array, the array element exhaust position as shown in Figure 2, wherein each array element is oriented array element.
Suppose to have L far field target s
l(t) (l=1,2 ..., L), the coming of each signal to being
θ wherein
lBe the position angle,
Be the angle of pitch, f
lFrequency for this signal.In the ideal case, promptly each array element of array is isotropic, and when not considering the influencing of passage inconsistency and mutual coupling, array output matrix expression formula is:
X(t)＝[x
1(t)，x
2(t)，…，x
M(t)]
T (3)
S(t)＝[s
1(t)，s
2(t)，…，s
L(t)]
T (4)
N(t)＝[n
1(t)，n
2(t)，…，n
L(t)]
T (5)
N (t)～G (0, σ
2IM), G is a Gaussian distribution.
Be the guiding matrix of M * L dimension, wherein a
NkBe the steering vector of l target receiving of n array element, as shown in Figure 1, suppose that first array element is reference array element, the correspondence position coordinate is (0,0,0), n (n=1,2 ..., M) position coordinates of individual array element is (x
n, y
n, z
n), then:
Wherein c is the light velocity, f
kCarrier frequency for signal.
Step 2 is carried out frequency domain to multiple goal and is estimated, frequency domain obtains K spectrum peak.
Adopt discrete Fourier transform (DFT) that multiple goal is carried out frequency domain and estimate, frequency domain obtains K spectrum peak.Specific practice is to appoint the data of getting a passage, and to its FFT that carries out time domain, obtains k the pairing frequency f in spectrum peak
k, so altogether to composing the peak to K.If the number of signal source is promptly composed the number Q of the signal source in the peak in known each spectrum peak
k(Q here
k=1 or 2), then
K=1 wherein, 2 ... K.
Step 3 obtains the array vector X (n of target frequency correspondence
k).
Channel data to each array element is made analysis of spectrum, gets the data of the different passages of target frequency correspondence and forms an array vector X (n
k), promptly earlier each channel data is carried out FTT respectively, go the data on the corresponding frequency to form array vector again.
Step 4, spectrum peak search estimates the direction of spatial domain target.
Get
Use cost function
Search for, wherein P
A=A (A
H* A)
-1A
H
If do not know that in advance the target in each frequency is one still two, can determine by the method that thresholding is set, promptly difference between time big spectrum peak, maximum spectrum peak is provided with a thresholding, if difference just is judged as a target greater than its thresholding, if difference just is judged as two targets less than this thresholding.If have only a target in this frequency then, the direction of maximal value correspondence is exactly the direction of target, if the target in this frequency has two targets, then according to finding two bigger pairing spatial domain, spectrum peak directions, can estimate the direction of arrival of two relevant signals.
Effect of the present invention can further specify by following simulation result.
Emulation 1: improve the performance evaluation of L battle array
Simulated conditions: improved even L battle array, array element distance is a half-wavelength, array manifold is as shown in Figure 1.Centre frequency all is two arrowband linear FM signals of 100M, and step-size in search is 0.2 °, with the method direction finding of direct dimensionality reduction, covers the experiment of moral Caros through 100 times, and the root-mean-square error that obtains recording angle is as shown in the table:
Table 1: improve the performance evaluation of L battle array
Simulation result shows:
1) from first group of data of table 1 and second group of data contrast as can be seen: because snap has repeatedly been carried out the time domain accumulation, the increase of fast umber of beats is not clearly to the improvement of performance.
2) in practical engineering application, under two relevant signal amplitude information condition of unknown, can measure two spectrum peaks earlier, if two spectrum peaks differ bigger, show that two relevant signals are strong and weak signals, can use and separate strong and weak coherent approach, fall into and go to survey weak signal again behind the strong signal, to improve the direction finding precision of weak target.The 3rd group of data are respectively (0.20,0.60) with the angle least mean-square error that records that separation strong and weak signals rule can obtain two signals, (0.05,0.59), weak signal direction finding performance improvement is apparent in view.
3) second group and the contrast of the 4th group of data show: two relevant signal amplitudes equate or situation about being more or less the same under, during based on the DOA method of estimation in the spaceborne multiple goal source of improved L battle array, the increase of array number is more obvious to improving the direction finding impact of performance.This is because this method only is applicable to even battle array, and the increase of array number promptly is the increase of array aperture, therefore can reduce beam angle, improves resolution.
Emulation 2: improved even L battle array and the evenly comparison of face battle array
Simulated conditions: improved even L battle array simulated conditions is with emulation 1.Evenly the face battle array is a 4*4 face battle array, and array element distance is a half-wavelength.Centre frequency all is two arrowband linear FM signals of 100M, and step-size in search is 0.2 °, and fast umber of beats is 200, and the error that obtains recording angle is as shown in the table:
Table 2: the performance based on improved L battle array and face battle array compares
Simulation result shows: compare as can be seen with Fig. 6 with Fig. 5 contrast and Fig. 4 from Fig. 3, under the situation of 16 array elements of same use, because the aperture specific surface battle array of improved L battle array is big, so its beam angle relative narrower, resolution is higher.As can be seen from Table 2, under the situation of the same number of array element of same employing, relative and face battle array, the direction finding error of improved L battle array is less.
Emulation 3: improved L battle array and L battle array are compared
Simulated conditions: improved even L battle array simulated conditions is with emulation 1.The L array element distance is a half-wavelength, and array manifold is L shaped, promptly lacks the outer array element of a L battle array than improving the L battle array.Centre frequency all is two arrowband linear FM signals of 100M, and step-size in search is 0.2 °, and fast umber of beats is 200, and it is as shown in the table to obtain recording angle:
Table 3: the performance based on improved L battle array and L battle array compares
Simulation result shows: from the contrast of Fig. 3 and Fig. 7 and Fig. 4 and Fig. 8 as can be seen, when utilizing the L battle array to survey two targets, tend to produce 4 bigger peak values, be equivalent to azimuth dimension and pitching tie up each the dimension array measure two angles respectively, the bidimensional angle is the angle of four pairs of peak values of combination results in twos, promptly often produce the mistake of pairing, shown in top table 3.Because the information of the bidimensional angle coupling that this outer array element of L battle array contains in the improved L battle array can be told the real direction of target from four largest peaks, well solved the wrong problem of common L battle array pairing.
Claims (2)
1. based on the direction-finding method of the spaceborne broadband multi-target that improves the L battle array, comprise following process:
A. set up Array Model based on improved L battle array;
B. the array received data are carried out the multiple goal frequency domain and estimate, frequency domain obtains K spectrum peak;
C. the reception data of each array element are made analysis of spectrum, get the data of the different array elements of target frequency correspondence and form an array vector X (n
k);
D. use cost function
Carry out spectrum peak search, and carry out judging of signal source number, draw the angle of corresponding spatial domain target.
2. the Array Model based on improved even L battle array according to claim 1, array element putting position as shown in Figure 2, wherein each array element is oriented array element.
Suppose to have L far field target s
l(t) (l=1,2 ..., L), the coming of each signal to being
θ wherein
lBe the position angle,
Be the angle of pitch, f
lFrequency for this signal.In the ideal case, promptly each array element of array is isotropic, and when not considering the influencing of passage inconsistency and mutual coupling, array output matrix expression formula is:
X(t)＝[x
1(t)，x
2(t)，…，x
M(t)]
T (3)
S(t)＝[s
1(t)，s
2(t)，…，s
L(t)]
T (4)
N(t)＝[n
1(t)，n
2(t)，…，n
L(t)]
T (5)
N (t)～G (0, σ
2I
M), G is a Gaussian distribution.
Be the guiding matrix of M * L dimension, wherein a
NkBe the steering vector of l target receiving of n array element, as shown in Figure 1, suppose that first array element is reference array element, the correspondence position coordinate is (0,0,0), n (n=1,2 ..., M) position coordinates of individual array element is (x
n, y
n, z
n), then:
Wherein c is the light velocity, f
kCarrier frequency for signal.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102520389A (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2012-06-27 | 华中科技大学 | Two-dimensional spatial-spectrum spectral-peak searching method |
| CN104730489A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-06-24 | 天津大学 | Low-complexity method for estimating DOA under matrix element mutual coupling condition |
| CN103810325B (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2016-08-17 | 西安电子科技大学 | The linear thinned array antenna optimization method of low sidelobe based on SQP |
| CN108957411A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-12-07 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | High-precision array signal generation method |
| CN112198474A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-01-08 | 北京声智科技有限公司 | Sound source positioning method, device, medium and equipment |
-
2009
- 2009-11-16 CN CN2009102189869A patent/CN102062851A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102520389A (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2012-06-27 | 华中科技大学 | Two-dimensional spatial-spectrum spectral-peak searching method |
| CN103810325B (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2016-08-17 | 西安电子科技大学 | The linear thinned array antenna optimization method of low sidelobe based on SQP |
| CN104730489A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-06-24 | 天津大学 | Low-complexity method for estimating DOA under matrix element mutual coupling condition |
| CN108957411A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-12-07 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | High-precision array signal generation method |
| CN112198474A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-01-08 | 北京声智科技有限公司 | Sound source positioning method, device, medium and equipment |
| CN112198474B (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2022-02-15 | 北京声智科技有限公司 | Sound source positioning method, device, medium and equipment |
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Application publication date: 20110518 |