CN114383802A - Pneumatic optimization method for double-arc wind tunnel corner guide vane, guide vane and wind tunnel - Google Patents
Pneumatic optimization method for double-arc wind tunnel corner guide vane, guide vane and wind tunnel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pneumatic optimization method for a double-arc wind tunnel corner guide vane, the guide vane and a wind tunnel, wherein the double-arc guide vane has a given large chord length spacing ratio, the double-arc guide vane has an arc windward surface and an arc leeward surface, and the tail edges of the windward surface and the arc leeward surface are both arcs, wherein the optimization method comprises the following steps: acquiring an outlet airflow deflection angle theta behind the tail edge of the double-arc guide vane, wherein the airflow deflection angle theta is an included angle between the axis direction of the wind tunnel at the downstream of the corner and the outlet airflow direction of the guide vane; based on the airflow deflection angle theta, optimizing the tail edge configuration of the flow deflector to enable the windward side of the tail edge to be changed into a first straight line from an arc line, the leeward side of the tail edge to be changed into a second straight line from an arc line, and the intersection point of the first straight line and the second straight line to be used as the top point of a new tail edge; and rotating the flow deflector to increase the installation angle of the flow deflector by a set angle, so that the outlet airflow direction of the flow deflector is parallel to the axial direction of the wind tunnel at the downstream of the corner, and the installation angle is the included angle between the chord length direction of the flow deflector and the axial direction of the wind tunnel at the upstream of the corner.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aerospace engineering, and particularly relates to a pneumatic optimization method for a double-arc wind tunnel corner guide vane, a guide vane and a wind tunnel.
Background
With the vigorous development of the civil aviation industry, the requirements of aircraft airworthiness for obtaining evidence on the aerodynamic noise level are also more severe. The pneumatic acoustic wind tunnel is used as a mainstream test device for pneumatic noise research, and enters a construction high tide period.
The wind tunnel corner flow deflector is mainly applied to a low-speed backflow wind tunnel and has the functions of improving the flow field quality at the corner position and reducing the flow loss of the wind tunnel. In an aeroacoustic wind tunnel, wind tunnel corner deflectors also play an important role: as a noise reduction component, reduces the level of noise propagating within the wind tunnel.
The commonly used corner guide vane type in the conventional wind tunnel comprises an arc plate type, an SA wing type and a double-arc type. Due to the noise elimination requirement of the pneumatic acoustic wind tunnel on the guide vane, the guide vane needs a certain thickness to be filled with sound absorption materials, so that the double-arc type is more suitable. Meanwhile, in order to improve the noise elimination effect, the chord length-to-space ratio of the installed guide vanes needs to be improved. As shown in figures 1 and 3, when the double-arc wind tunnel corner guide vane is used conventionally, the chord length spacing ratio (c/d) of the double-arc wind tunnel corner guide vane is 1.4-2.5, and in an aeroacoustic wind tunnel, the chord length spacing ratio of the double-arc corner guide vane is improved to 3.5-5, as shown in figures 2 and 4. The improvement of the chord length-to-space ratio enables the number of the guide vanes to be increased, the relative distance between the adjacent guide vanes to be reduced, the maximum speed of the airflow flowing through the guide vanes is increased, and meanwhile the guiding effect of the guide vanes on the airflow is enhanced. Referring to fig. 4, under the same vane installation angle α and with a large chord length to pitch ratio, the flow at the outlet of the vane deviates from the axial direction of the wind tunnel downstream of the corner, which results in increased flow loss downstream of the vane, reduced flow field quality, and additional aerodynamic noise.
Therefore, a pneumatic optimization design method for the double-arc wind tunnel corner guide vane is expected, and the problems that the leading edge airflow is accelerated seriously and the direction of the outlet airflow is deflected excessively when the double-arc wind tunnel corner guide vane is installed at a large chord length-to-space ratio can be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pneumatic optimization method for a double-arc wind tunnel corner guide vane, which can achieve the purposes of reducing the maximum speed of the front edge of the guide vane, correcting the direction of outlet airflow and not excessively increasing the additional structural length.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a pneumatic optimization method for a double-arc wind tunnel corner baffle, wherein the double-arc wind tunnel corner baffle has a given large chord length spacing ratio, the double-arc wind tunnel corner baffle has an arc windward side and an arc leeward side, and the trailing edges of the windward side and the arc leeward side are both arcs, the method comprising:
acquiring an outlet airflow deflection angle theta behind the tail edge of the double-arc guide vane, wherein the airflow deflection angle theta is an included angle between the axis direction of the downstream wind tunnel of the guide vane and the outlet airflow direction of the guide vane;
optimizing the configuration of the tail edge of the guide vane based on the airflow deflection angle theta, so that the windward side of the tail edge is changed into a first straight line from an arc line, the leeward side of the tail edge is changed into a second straight line from an arc line, and the intersection point of the first straight line and the second straight line is used as the vertex of the tail edge;
and rotating the flow deflector to increase the installation angle of the flow deflector by a set angle, and enabling the outlet airflow direction of the flow deflector to be parallel to the axial direction of the wind tunnel at the downstream of the corner, wherein the installation angle is the included angle between the chord length direction of the flow deflector and the axial direction of the wind tunnel at the upstream of the corner.
In an alternative, the optimizing the trailing edge of the guide vane includes:
determining a first optimization point on the windward side of the trailing edge, so that an included angle between an internal tangent of a flow deflector passing through the first optimization point and the axis direction of a downstream wind tunnel is beta, and the beta and the air flow deflection angle theta meet a set correlation degree;
determining a second optimization point on the windward side of the trailing edge, so that the connecting line of the first optimization point and the second optimization point is parallel to the diagonal direction of the corner, and the diagonal direction of the corner is the connecting line direction of the vertexes of the trailing edges of the two adjacent guide vanes;
the inner tangent line and the outer tangent line of the guide vane passing through the second optimization point are respectively the first straight line and the second straight line.
In an alternative, the set correlation is: beta is more than or equal to 0.5 theta and less than or equal to 2.5 theta.
In an alternative, the method for obtaining the air flow deflection angle comprises the following steps: obtained through analog simulation or estimated according to empirical values.
In an alternative, the chord length to pitch ratio is 3.5 to 5.
In an alternative, β θ, the rotating guide vane includes: and the angle of rotating the guide vane towards the direction of increasing the installation angle of the guide vane is theta.
The invention also provides a double-arc wind tunnel corner guide vane which has a large chord length spacing ratio and is designed by the method.
In an alternative, the chord length to pitch ratio is 3.5 to 5.
The invention also provides a pneumatic acoustic wind tunnel which comprises a wind tunnel corner, wherein the double-arc wind tunnel corner guide vane is arranged at the wind tunnel corner.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the pneumatic molded line of the tail edge of the guide vane is modified, the arc line at the tail edge of the guide vane at the original corner is modified into a straight line, the deflection effect of the tail edge of the guide vane on the airflow direction is weakened, the outlet airflow direction field of the double-arc corner guide vane when the chord length distance ratio is large is optimized, and meanwhile, the chord length change of the guide vane is not large, so that the structural length of the guide vane cannot be excessively increased. By adjusting the installation angle of the guide vanes, the airflow channel formed by two adjacent guide vanes is widened near the front edge, the maximum airflow speed is reduced, and the friction resistance of the guide vanes and the flow noise can be reduced.
The present invention has other features and advantages which will be apparent from or are set forth in detail in the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, which are incorporated herein, and which together serve to explain certain principles of the invention.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings.
Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a double-arc guide vane with a small chord length to pitch ratio installed in a wind tunnel corner.
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a large chord length to pitch ratio bi-arc deflector mounted in a wind tunnel corner.
Fig. 3 shows a double-arc corner guide vane with a small chord length to pitch ratio in a conventional wind tunnel (two guide vanes are used to illustrate the relative positions of the guide vanes).
FIG. 4 illustrates a double arc corner baffle with a large chord length to pitch ratio in an aero-acoustic wind tunnel.
Fig. 5 shows a method for solving excessive deflection of outlet airflow at a large chord length-to-pitch ratio of a double-arc wind tunnel corner deflector.
FIG. 6 illustrates another approach to address excessive deflection of outlet flow at large chord-to-pitch ratios for bi-arc wind tunnel corner deflectors.
Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a pneumatic optimization method for a double-arc wind tunnel corner baffle according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 shows a rotation diagram of a bi-arc wind tunnel corner baffle according to an embodiment of the invention (before rotation in dashed lines and after rotation in solid lines).
FIG. 9 shows an optimized front-to-back comparison diagram of a bi-arc wind tunnel corner baffle according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail below. While the present invention provides preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; may be mechanically coupled, may be directly coupled, or may be indirectly coupled through an intermediary. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the background art, two methods are commonly adopted to solve the problem that the outlet airflow is excessively deflected when the double-arc wind tunnel corner guide vane has a large chord length spacing ratio.
In the method 1, as shown in fig. 5, the outlet airflow direction is adjusted to be along the axial direction of the wind tunnel pipeline by reducing the installation angle α of the flow deflector (the installation angle of the flow deflector is the included angle between the chord length direction of the flow deflector and the axial direction of the upstream wind tunnel). The method only considers the adjustment of the outlet airflow and does not consider the influence on the airflow at the front edge of the guide vane after the installation angle is adjusted. The airflow channel formed between the two guide vanes changes along with the adjustment of the installation angle of the guide vanes, and after the installation angle of the guide vanes is reduced, the airflow channel near the front edge of the guide vanes is narrowed, so that the airflow at the section is accelerated, and the increase of the flow resistance loss and the increase of the flow noise are brought along.
Method 2, as shown in fig. 6, the method keeps the position of the front edge of the guide vane unchanged, linearly extends the part of the rear edge of the guide vane, forms a longer channel with approximately equal section at the tail of the guide vane, and the axial direction of the channel is consistent with the axial direction of the downstream wind tunnel, so as to correct the outlet airflow direction of the guide vane to be along the axial direction of the downstream wind tunnel. This method requires a long linear extension to correct the outlet airflow direction, resulting in an increase in resistance loss and an increase in manufacturing and installation costs. Meanwhile, the method ignores the influence of the accelerated airflow near the front edge of the guide vane after the chord length-to-space ratio of the guide vane is increased.
The existing methods only simply correct the airflow direction at the outlet of the guide vane, do not optimize the pneumatic characteristic of the deteriorated front edge of the guide vane, and even further aggravate the deterioration.
The problem that when the large chord length-to-space ratio is adopted for installation, leading edge airflow is accelerated seriously and outlet airflow is deflected excessively is solved. The purpose of reducing the maximum speed of the front edge of the guide vane, correcting the direction of the airflow at the outlet and simultaneously not increasing the length of an additional structure is achieved. An embodiment of the present invention provides a pneumatic optimization method for a double-arc wind tunnel corner baffle, and referring to fig. 2, fig. 7 to fig. 9, fig. 2 shows a specific implementation case that a double-arc baffle with a large chord length to space ratio is installed in a wind tunnel corner. The double-circular-arc guide vane has a given large chord length spacing ratio, the double-circular-arc guide vane has circular arc windward sides and circular arc leeward sides, and the tail edges of the windward sides and the circular arc leeward sides are both arcs, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring an outlet airflow deflection angle theta behind the tail edge of the double-arc guide vane, wherein the airflow deflection angle theta is an included angle between the axis direction of the downstream wind tunnel of the guide vane and the outlet airflow direction of the guide vane;
optimizing the configuration of the tail edge of the guide vane based on the airflow deflection angle theta, so that the windward side of the tail edge is changed into a first straight line from an arc line, the leeward side of the tail edge is changed into a second straight line from an arc line, and the intersection point of the first straight line and the second straight line is used as the vertex of the tail edge (the new guide vane tail edge);
and rotating the flow deflector to increase the installation angle of the flow deflector by a set angle, and enabling the outlet airflow direction to be parallel to the downstream wind tunnel axis direction, wherein the installation angle is the included angle between the chord length direction of the flow deflector and the upstream wind tunnel axis direction of the corner.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the chord length-to-pitch ratio of the bi-arc guide vane is 3.5 to 5. For a given large chord length spacing ratio (for example, in aerodynamic acoustic wind tunnel design, the required chord length and spacing of the guide vanes can be given according to noise reduction indexes provided for the corner guide vanes, so that the required chord length spacing ratio is obtained), the air flow deflection angle theta corresponds to one, and the angle can be obtained according to a numerical simulation result or obtained by estimation according to an empirical value.
In this embodiment, optimizing the trailing edge of the guide vane includes: determining a first optimization point on the windward side of the trailing edge, so that an included angle between an internal tangent of a flow deflector passing through the first optimization point and the axis direction of a downstream wind tunnel is beta, and the beta and the air flow deflection angle theta meet a set correlation degree (for example, beta is more than or equal to 0.5 theta and less than or equal to 2.5 theta); determining a second optimization point on the windward side of the trailing edge, so that the connecting line of the first optimization point and the second optimization point is parallel to the diagonal direction of the corner, wherein the diagonal direction of the corner is the connecting line direction of the vertexes of the trailing edges of two adjacent guide vanes (guide vanes before optimization); the inner tangent line and the outer tangent line of the guide vane passing through the second optimization point are respectively the first straight line and the second straight line.
Specifically, according to the airflow deflection angle theta obtained in the first step, the geometrical optimization of the trailing edge of the double-arc wind tunnel corner guide vane is carried out. Through the optimization of the step, the deflection effect of the tail edge of the guide vane on the airflow direction is weakened.
1. A first optimization point 7 is found on the windward side of the trailing edge of the guide vane, so that the included angle between the inner tangent 6 of the guide vane of the first optimization point 7 and the downstream wind tunnel axis 2 direction is theta (in other embodiments, the included angle ranges from 0.5 theta to 2.5 theta). The inner tangent 6 (the first straight line) is the pneumatic optimized profile of the windward side of the trailing edge of the guide vane.
2. And searching a second optimization point 8 on the lee side of the tail edge of the guide vane, wherein the guide vane external tangent 5 (a second straight line) of the second optimization point 8 is the pneumatic optimization molded line of the lee side of the tail edge of the guide vane. The first optimization point 7 is used as a parallel line 10 of the corner diagonal direction 9, and the intersection point of the straight line 10 and the lee side of the guide vane is the second optimization point 8. The leeward pneumatic molded line 3 and the windward pneumatic molded line 4 are new guide vane pneumatic molded lines with optimized trailing edges.
And adjusting the position of the front edge of the guide vane according to the new guide vane obtained in the previous step and subjected to the optimized design of the tail edge. As shown in fig. 8, the guide vane is rotated clockwise by an angle θ (the outlet airflow direction 11 is parallel to the corner downstream wind tunnel axis direction 2) with the rotation base point 12, at this time, the installation angle of the guide vane is increased, the flow channel between adjacent guide vanes near the front edge of the guide vane is expanded compared with the previous flow channel, the maximum airflow speed is reduced, and the flow field is optimized.
The determination of the first optimization point 7 and the second optimization point 8 and the determination of the rotation angle provided in the present embodiment are not unique. If the first optimization point 7 is determined, the included angle between the internal tangent 6 and the downstream wind tunnel axis direction can be taken as 2 theta, the position of the second optimization point 8 can be moved forward or backward, and the rotation angle can be adjusted according to other parameters (only the outlet airflow direction 11 of the guide vane after rotation is required to be parallel to the downstream wind tunnel axis direction 2). Therefore, the three optimization parameters, namely the actual first optimization point 7, the actual second optimization point 8 and the rotation angle of the guide vane, have various combination forms, and the embodiment only provides a simpler parameter determination scheme.
The method of the invention carries out pneumatic optimization on the double-arc corner guide vane with large chord length and space ratio. The pneumatic molded line of the tail edge of the guide vane is modified, the arc line at the tail edge of the guide vane at the original corner is changed into a straight line, so that the deflection action of the tail edge of the guide vane on the airflow direction is weakened, the outlet airflow direction field of the double-arc corner guide vane at a large chord length-to-space ratio is optimized, and meanwhile, the structural length of the guide vane is not greatly increased. By increasing the installation angle of the guide vanes, the airflow channel formed by adjacent guide vanes is widened near the front edge of the guide vanes, so that the maximum airflow speed among the guide vanes is reduced, and the friction resistance and the flow noise of the guide vanes can be reduced. Compared with the prior art, the method not only solves the problem of the airflow direction at the outlet of the guide vane, but also optimizes the flow field near the front edge of the guide vane, and does not excessively increase the structural length of the guide vane.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.
Claims (9)
1. A pneumatic optimization method for a double-arc wind tunnel corner guide vane is characterized in that the double-arc wind tunnel corner guide vane has a given large chord length spacing ratio, the double-arc guide vane has arc windward sides and arc leeward sides, and the tail edges of the windward sides and the arc leeward sides are arc lines, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring an outlet airflow deflection angle theta behind the tail edge of the double-arc flow deflector, wherein the airflow deflection angle theta is an included angle between the axis direction of the wind tunnel at the downstream of the corner and the outlet airflow direction of the flow deflector;
optimizing the configuration of the tail edge of the guide vane based on the airflow deflection angle theta, so that the windward side of the tail edge is changed into a first straight line from an arc line, the leeward side of the tail edge is changed into a second straight line from an arc line, and the intersection point of the first straight line and the second straight line is used as the vertex of the tail edge;
and rotating the flow deflector to increase the installation angle of the flow deflector by a set angle, and enabling the outlet airflow direction of the flow deflector to be parallel to the axial direction of the wind tunnel at the downstream of the corner, wherein the installation angle is the included angle between the chord length direction of the flow deflector and the axial direction of the wind tunnel at the upstream of the corner.
2. The bi-arc wind tunnel corner vane aerodynamic optimization method of claim 1, wherein the optimizing the trailing edge of the vane comprises:
determining a first optimization point on the windward side of the trailing edge, so that an included angle between an internal tangent of a flow deflector passing through the first optimization point and the axis direction of a wind tunnel at the downstream of a corner is beta, and the beta and the air flow deflection angle theta meet a set correlation degree;
determining a second optimization point on the windward side of the trailing edge, so that the connecting line of the first optimization point and the second optimization point is parallel to the diagonal direction of the corner, wherein the diagonal direction of the corner is the connecting line direction of the vertexes of the trailing edges of the two adjacent guide vanes;
the inner tangent line and the outer tangent line of the guide vane passing through the second optimization point are respectively the first straight line and the second straight line.
3. The pneumatic optimization method for the bi-arc wind tunnel corner deflectors according to claim 2, wherein the set correlation degree is as follows: beta is more than or equal to 0.5 theta and less than or equal to 2.5 theta.
4. The pneumatic optimization method for the bi-arc wind tunnel corner baffle according to claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining the deflection angle of the airflow comprises the following steps: obtained through analog simulation or estimated according to empirical values.
5. The pneumatic optimization method for the bi-arc wind tunnel corner deflectors according to claim 1, wherein the chord length to pitch ratio is 3.5-5.
6. The aerodynamic optimization method of bi-arc wind tunnel corner deflectors of claim 2, wherein β θ, said rotating said deflectors comprises: and the angle for rotating the guide vane towards the direction of increasing the installation angle is theta.
7. A bi-arc wind tunnel corner baffle having a large chord length to pitch ratio, wherein the baffle is designed by the method of any one of claims 1-6.
8. The bi-arc wind tunnel corner baffle of claim 7, wherein the chord length to pitch ratio is from 3.5 to 5.
9. An aeroacoustic wind tunnel, characterized in that the aeroacoustic wind tunnel comprises a wind tunnel corner, wherein the wind tunnel corner is provided with the bi-arc wind tunnel corner deflectors of claims 7-8.
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