CN114381243B - High-strength salt-resistant plugging agent and water-based drilling fluid - Google Patents
High-strength salt-resistant plugging agent and water-based drilling fluid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent and a water-based drilling fluid, and belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field drilling. The high-strength salt-resistant blocking agent is prepared from nano silicon nitride, a silane coupling agent KH-570, an alcohol compound containing 2 double bonds, a propylamine monomer containing double bonds, a butenoic acid monomer containing hydroxyl and a sulfonate containing double bonds as raw materials, and has a plurality of sulfonic acid functional groups. Wherein, the synthetic raw materials of the blocking agent are easy to obtain, and the synthetic method is simple and reliable. The particle size distribution of the synthesized high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent is approximately between 150 nm and 850nm, and the high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent can enter nano pores to be plugged effectively. The plugging agent can be directly added into water-based drilling fluid, has good compatibility, can effectively prevent the drilling fluid from permeating into the stratum, further stabilizes the well wall, prevents collapse, and has good plugging and fluid loss reduction effects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field drilling, in particular to a high-strength salt-resistant blocking agent and a water-based drilling fluid containing the same.
Background
The exploitation of shale gas has been the focus of research in the oil and gas industry. In the drilling operation process, the plugging performance of the drilling fluid is very important in the hard brittle and breakable stratum with stratum microcrack development. Under the drive of positive pressure difference, the drilling fluid easily invades into the microcracks to generate a hydraulic wedge effect, so that the cracks are continuously expanded, enlarged and communicated. The conventional plugging agent can achieve a good plugging effect on micron-level pores, but for nanometer-level pores, no corresponding plugging material is used for effective plugging, so that the phenomenon of borehole wall instability is frequent in complex strata. Research shows that when the filtration loss of the drilling fluid is too large, the filtrate is easy to invade deep stratum, the strength of stratum rock is obviously reduced, the borehole wall is easy to be unstable, and complex underground conditions such as well leakage, blockage, block falling and the like occur. The existing water-based drilling fluid plugging material is mostly a micron plugging material, which can not effectively plug the nanometer pore, so that the drilling fluid filtration loss can not be further reduced. Therefore, a plugging material suitable for water-based drilling fluid, namely a high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent, is researched.
The nano silicon nitride is an inorganic substance, is an important structural ceramic material, has high hardness, self lubricating property and abrasion resistance. The nanometer silicon nitride is used as a plugging material, so that the integrity of the structure can be kept under high pressure of the stratum, and a stable plugging layer can be formed. The nano silicon nitride is modified so that the nano silicon nitride can be uniformly dispersed in the drilling fluid. The nano silicon nitride has high temperature resistance, and the synthesized high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent contains sulfonic acid functional groups, has excellent salt resistance and can stably play a plugging role in a high-salt environment. The nanometer silicon nitride is a nanometer material, can enter a nanometer hole gap to realize effective plugging, and has important significance for accelerating the drilling period and reducing the drilling cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of borehole wall instability caused by the fact that the conventional plugging agent cannot effectively plug the nanometer pore gaps in the stratum at present, the invention provides the high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent, the particle size of the high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent can reach the nanometer level, and the high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent can effectively plug the nanometer pore gaps in the shale stratum, so that the aim of stabilizing the borehole wall is fulfilled.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent is characterized by being prepared by the following steps:
s1, weighing 0.5-1.0 mol of nano silicon nitride in 150mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30-45 min, adding a hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH value to 4-5, adding 2-4 mol of silane coupling agent KH-570 to obtain a mixed solution, stirring the mixed solution at 50-70 ℃ for 3-4 h, putting the mixed solution into a centrifuge after the reaction is finished, centrifuging for 5min at the rotating speed of 5000rpm, filtering, washing solid substances for 3 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and finally putting the solid in a 60 ℃ oven for vacuum drying for 24h to obtain modified nano silicon nitride;
s2, dispersing 0.1-0.5 mol of modified nano silicon nitride in 100-150ml of deionized water, and sequentially adding 1.0-2.0 mol of double bond-containing propylamine monomer, 1.0-2.0 mol of double bond-containing sulfonate, 2.0-4.0 mol of hydroxyl-containing butenoic acid monomer, 1.0-2.0 mol of 2 double bond-containing alcohol compound and 0.05-0.1 mol of NaHCO 3 Stirring at the stirring speed of 350rpm for 1-1.5h at room temperature, degassing for 30-40min by using nitrogen to obtain a mixed solution, keeping the mixed solution at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ in a water bath, keeping the stirring speed of 350rpm, simultaneously adding 0.05-0.1 mol of potassium dichromate into the mixed solution, adding 0.05-0.1 mol of potassium dichromate after 20-40min, and keeping the mixed solution in the water bath at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ for 8-10h; and finally, centrifuging the product, washing the product for 3 times by using ethanol and deionized water to remove impurities, performing vacuum drying at 60 ℃ for 24 hours, and then grinding and dispersing to obtain the high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent.
The double bond-containing propylamine monomer in the step S2 includes one of dimethylallylamine, N-methyldiallylamine, N-diethylallylamine and triallylamine.
The double-bond-containing sulfonate in the step S2 is one of sodium vinyl sulfonate, sodium methallyl sulfonate, sodium allyl sulfonate and 3-propyl methacrylate potassium sulfonate.
The propylamine monomer containing the double construction in the step S2 is one of 4-hydroxy-2-butenoic acid, 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-butenoic acid and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-butenoic acid.
The alcohol compound containing 2 double bonds in the step S2 is one of 1, 5-hexadiene-3, 4-diol and 1, 4-pentadiene-3-alcohol.
The particle size of the synthesized high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent is 150-850 nm.
A water-based drilling fluid, which contains the high-strength salt-resistant blocking agent of claims 1-4, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of fresh water, 1-10 parts of bentonite, 0.5-1 part of flow pattern regulator, 2-5 parts of fluid loss additive, 10-20 parts of inhibitor, 2-5 parts of lubricant, 3-6 parts of natural asphalt, 0-210 parts of weighting agent, 2.5-5 parts of pH regulator and 21-5 parts of high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent.
In the water-based drilling fluid, the fluid loss additive is one of STARFLO and EnPOLY, and the inhibitor is JH-MULF; the lubricant is graphite powder; the weighting agent is barite; the pH regulator is one of NaOH and KOH; wherein VIS-B, STARFLO, enPOLY, and JH-MULF are from Jiahua technologies, inc., jingzhou.
The pH value of the water-based drilling fluid is 8.5-10.
The density of the barite for the water-based drilling fluid is adjusted to be 1.05-2.1g/cm 3 。
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the particle size distribution of the high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent prepared by the invention is between 150 and 850nm, and the nano-grade pore gaps in the shale stratum can be effectively plugged, so that the effect of stabilizing the well wall is achieved; the silicon nitride is a high-strength nano rigid material, has good compressive strength, and can enter small micron-level cracks for bridging and plugging while plugging nano pore gaps; meanwhile, the high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent contains sulfonic acid groups with good salt-resistant effect, and can play a stable plugging role in a high-salt layer. The high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent can plug nano-level cracks, maintain the stability of a well wall and have small influence on the rheological property of drilling fluid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the particle size distribution of a medium to high strength salt-resistant plugging agent of example one;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of the high strength salt-resistant blocking agent of example two.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to embodiments of the present invention, and it should be apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
1. Synthesis of high-strength salt-resistant blocking agent
Example 1:
weighing 1.0 mole of nano silicon nitride in 150mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 40min, adding a hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH value to 5.0, adding 4.0 mole of silane coupling agent KH-570 to obtain a mixed solution, stirring the mixed solution at 65 ℃ for 3.5h, after the reaction is finished, putting the mixed solution into a centrifuge, centrifuging at the rotating speed of 5000rpm for 5min, then filtering, washing solid substances with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times, and finally, putting the solid in a 60 ℃ oven for vacuum drying for 24h to obtain the modified nano silicon nitride;
dispersing 0.5 mol of modified nano silicon nitride in 150ml of deionized water, and sequentially adding 2.0 mol of dimethyl allyl amine, 2.0 mol of sodium vinyl sulfonate, 3.5 mol of hydroxyl-containing 4-hydroxy-2-butenoic acid, 2.0 mol of 1, 5-hexadiene-3, 4-diol and 0.1 mol of NaHCO 3 Stirring at the stirring speed of 350rpm for 1 hour at room temperature, degassing with nitrogen for 30min to obtain a mixed solution, maintaining the mixed solution at 70 ℃ in a water bath, and stirring at the stirring speed of 350rpm, simultaneously adding 0.1 mol of potassium dichromate into the mixed solution, adding 0.05 mol of potassium dichromate after 30min, and maintaining in a water bath at 70 ℃ for 8 hours; and finally, centrifuging the product, washing the product for 3 times by using ethanol and deionized water to remove impurities, performing vacuum drying at 60 ℃ for 24 hours, and then grinding and dispersing to obtain the high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent.
Example 2:
weighing 1.0 mole of nano silicon nitride, placing the nano silicon nitride in 150mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 40min, adding a hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH value to 5.0, adding 3.5 moles of a silane coupling agent KH-570 to obtain a mixed solution, stirring the mixed solution for 3.5h at 65 ℃, placing the mixed solution into a centrifuge after the reaction is finished, centrifuging the mixed solution for 5min at the rotating speed of 5000rpm, filtering the mixed solution, and washing solid substances for 3 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol; finally, putting the solid in a 60 ℃ oven for vacuum drying for 24 hours to obtain modified nano silicon nitride;
dispersing 0.5 mol of modified nano silicon nitride in 100ml of deionized water, and sequentially adding 1.5 mol of N-methyldiallylamine, 1.5 mol of sodium methallylsulfonate, 3.0 mol of 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-butenoic acid containing hydroxyl, 1.5 mol of 1, 4-pentadiene-3-ol and 0.1 mol of NaHCO 3 Stirring at 350rpm for 1.5h at room temperature, degassing with nitrogen for 30min to obtain a mixed solution, maintaining the mixed solution at 70 deg.C in a water bath, stirring at 350rpm, adding 0.1 mol of potassium dichromate into the mixed solution, adding 0.05 mol of potassium dichromate after 30min, and maintaining in a 70 deg.C water bath for 10h; and finally, centrifuging the product, washing the product for 3 times by using ethanol and deionized water to remove impurities, performing vacuum drying at 60 ℃ for 24 hours, and then grinding and dispersing to obtain the high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent.
2. Preparation of water-base drilling fluid
Based on 100 parts by weight of fresh water, the formula of the water-based drilling fluid is described in the embodiment by the following method, and the specific formula of the water-based drilling fluid is as follows, 100 parts by weight of water +5 parts by weight of bentonite +0.5 part by weight of VIS-B +4 parts by weight of STARFLO +12 parts by weight of JH-MULF +3 parts by weight of graphite powder +3 parts by weight of natural asphalt +2.5 parts by weight of NaOH +60 parts by weight of barite.
1) Pre-hydration of bentonite slurries
At room temperature, 5 parts by weight of bentonite is uniformly added into 100 parts by weight of fresh water under the condition of stirring, then 0.025 part by weight of soda is added, the mixture is stirred for 30min under the condition of 2000rpm, and then the mixture is sealed and kept stand for 24h, so that the prehydrated bentonite slurry is obtained.
2) Stirring the prehydrated bentonite slurry prepared in the step 1) for 5min under a stirrer of 2500rpm, and then sequentially adding 0.5 part by weight of VIS-B,4 parts by weight of STARFLO,3 parts by weight of graphite powder, 2.5 parts by weight of NaOH,12 parts by weight of JH-MULF,3 parts by weight of natural asphalt and 60 parts by weight of barite. After each substance is added, the other substance is added after stirring for 10-15 min to prepare the base slurry.
To further illustrate the effectiveness of the high strength salt-resistant plugging agent and water-based drilling fluids of the present invention, the high strength salt-resistant plugging agent and water-based drilling fluids of examples 1 and 2 were tested for performance.
1. Particle size testing of high strength salt-resistant blocking agent
The particle size of the high-strength salt-resistant blocking agent prepared in example 1 is shown in fig. 1, the particle size of the high-strength salt-resistant blocking agent prepared in example 2 is shown in fig. 2, and as can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, the particle sizes of the high-strength salt-resistant blocking agent of the present invention are approximately distributed between 150 nm and 850nm, when the particle size of the high-strength salt-resistant blocking agent is tested by using a BI-200SM laser scattering instrument manufactured by brueck hei instruments, usa.
2. Compatibility of high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent and water-based drilling fluid
The prepared water-based drilling fluid (base slurry) is added with different addition amounts of the high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent synthesized in the example 1 and the example 2 (based on the volume of the drilling fluid), aged for 16h at 150 ℃, and measured for rheological properties, and the results are shown in the table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1, the YP/PV values of the water-based drilling fluids prepared by the high-strength salt-resistant plugging agents in the embodiments 1 and 2 are in the range of 0.40-0.50, and the flowing type of the drilling fluid in the annular space belongs to flat laminar flow, and the water-based drilling fluids have the characteristics of high rock-carrying capacity at low viscosity and small scouring effect on the well wall, so the water-based drilling fluids have good rheological property. After the high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent is added, the AV and PV values are increased along with the increase of the addition amount, the integral change rate is lower than 20 percent, and the plugging agent and the water-based drilling fluid have good compatibility.
TABLE 1 Water-based drilling fluid Performance parameters with different addition amounts of plugging agent
Note: the HTHP had a temperature of 150 ℃ and a pressure of 3.5MPa.
3. Test of blocking Performance of high-Strength salt-resistant blocking agent
The pre-hydrated bentonite slurry is used to prepare a base slurry according to the drilling fluid formula. Adding different amounts of high-strength salt-resistant plugging agents into 100mL of base slurry, aging at 150 ℃ for 16h, performing high-temperature high-pressure filtration loss experiment by using a high-temperature high-pressure water loss instrument under the conditions of 150 ℃ and 3.5MPa, and recording the filtration loss of the slurry within 30 min. And after the test is finished, taking out the mud cake to blow and dry, randomly selecting 8-10 points on the surface of the mud cake by using a penetrometer, and calculating an average value, namely the thickness of the mud cake. And finally, calculating the permeability of the mud cake according to the permeability K = Q μ l/(A Δ P), wherein the permeability reduction rate = (the permeability of the mud cake of the base slurry-the permeability of the mud cake after the plugging agent is added)/the permeability of the mud cake of the base slurry is multiplied by 100%, and the permeability reduction rate result is shown in a table 2.
As can be seen from Table 2, when the high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent is added into the drilling fluid, the permeability can be effectively reduced, the permeability of the mud cake is gradually reduced along with the increase of the addition of the plugging agent, and when the addition of the high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent exceeds 3%, the reduction of the permeability is not obvious, which indicates that the optimal addition is 3%; when the addition amount of the high-strength salt-resistant blocking agent is 3%, the permeability of the high-strength salt-resistant blocking agent is reduced by 83.91% and 84.86% respectively in example 1 and example 2, and the results show that the high-strength salt-resistant blocking agent has a good effect on reducing the permeability.
TABLE 2 permeability reduction of high strength salt-resistant plugging agents at different loadings
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:
s1, weighing 0.5-1.0 mol of nano silicon nitride in 150mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30-45 min, adding a hydrochloric acid solution to adjust the pH value to 4-5, adding 2-4 mol of silane coupling agent KH-570 to obtain a mixed solution, stirring the mixed solution at 50-70 ℃ for 3-4 h, putting the mixed solution into a centrifuge after the reaction is finished, centrifuging for 5min at the rotating speed of 5000rpm, filtering, washing solid substances for 3 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and finally putting the solid in a 60 ℃ oven for vacuum drying for 24h to obtain modified nano silicon nitride;
s2, dispersing 0.1-0.5 mol of modified nano silicon nitride in 100-150ml of deionized water, and sequentially adding 1.0-2.0 mol of double bond-containing propylamine monomer, 1.0-2.0 mol of double bond-containing sulfonate, 2.0-4.0 mol of hydroxyl-containing butenoic acid monomer, 1.0-2.0 mol of 2 double bond-containing alcohol compound and 0.05-0.1 mol of NaHCO 3 Stirring at the stirring speed of 350rpm for 1-1.5h at room temperature, degassing for 30-40min by using nitrogen to obtain a mixed solution, keeping the mixed solution at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ in a water bath, keeping the stirring speed of 350rpm, simultaneously adding 0.05-0.1 mol of potassium dichromate into the mixed solution, adding 0.05-0.1 mol of potassium dichromate after 20-40min, and keeping the mixed solution in the water bath at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ for 8-10h; finally, centrifuging the product, washing the product for 3 times by using ethanol and deionized water to remove impurities, carrying out vacuum drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, and then grinding and dispersing to obtain the high-strength salt-resistant blocking agent;
in the above step, the double bond-containing propylamine monomer includes one of dimethylallylamine, N-methyldiallylamine, N-diethylallylamine, and triallylamine; the double-bond sulfonate is one of sodium vinyl sulfonate, sodium methallyl sulfonate, sodium allyl sulfonate and 3-propyl methacrylate sulfoester sylvite; the hydroxyl-containing butenoic acid monomer is one of 4-hydroxyl-2-butenoic acid, 2-hydroxyl-3-methyl-3-butenoic acid and 2-hydroxyl-2-methyl-3-butenoic acid; the alcohol compound containing 2 double bonds is one of 1, 5-hexadiene-3, 4-diol and 1, 4-pentadiene-3-alcohol.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the particle size of the synthesized high-strength salt-resistant blocking agent is 150 to 850nm.
3. The water-based drilling fluid is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of fresh water, 1-10 parts of bentonite, 0.5-1 part of flow pattern regulator, 2-5 parts of fluid loss additive, 10-20 parts of inhibitor, 2-5 parts of lubricant, 3-6 parts of natural asphalt, 0-210 parts of weighting agent, 2.5-5 parts of pH regulator and 1-5 parts of high-strength salt-resistant plugging agent as defined in claim 1.
4. The water-based drilling fluid of claim 3, wherein the flow pattern modifier is VIS-B, the fluid loss additive is one of STARFLO and EnPOLY, and the inhibitor is JH-MULF; the lubricant is graphite powder; the weighting agent is barite; the pH regulator is one of NaOH and KOH; wherein VIS-B, STARFLO, enPOLY, and JH-MULF are from Jiahua technologies, inc., jingzhou.
5. The water-based drilling fluid of claim 3, wherein the water-based drilling fluid has a pH of from 8.5 to 10.
6. The water-based drilling fluid of claim 3, wherein the water-based drilling fluid is adjusted to a density of 1.05-2.10g/cm using barite 3 。
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