CN114380346A - Subcritical water preparation process and generation device thereof - Google Patents
Subcritical water preparation process and generation device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114380346A CN114380346A CN202210152506.9A CN202210152506A CN114380346A CN 114380346 A CN114380346 A CN 114380346A CN 202210152506 A CN202210152506 A CN 202210152506A CN 114380346 A CN114380346 A CN 114380346A
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
The invention provides a subcritical water preparation process and a generating device thereof, wherein the subcritical water preparation process comprises a gas-water mixing system and a gas-water separation system; the gas-water mixing system is used for fully mixing and exchanging heat between the high-pressure superheated steam and the process water to enable a gas-water mixed fluid consisting of the high-pressure superheated steam and the process water to generate a gas-water mixture of subcritical water and saturated steam; the gas-water separation system is used for separating subcritical water and saturated steam in a gas-water mixture, the subcritical water is directly applied, and the saturated steam is further condensed into subcritical water and then applied. The method takes the high-pressure superheated steam as a heat source to directly heat the process water, and finally converts the high-pressure superheated steam and the process water into subcritical water to be fully utilized, so that the utilization rate of raw materials is high; and a heating device is not required to be additionally introduced, so that the heat energy utilization efficiency is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of subcritical water preparation, in particular to a subcritical water preparation process and a generation device thereof.
Background
As a green renewable energy source, the biomass has the attributes of large yield, wide distribution and reproducibility, is the fourth most energy source in the world at present, and has important significance in promoting the development and utilization of biomass energy sources in the sustainable development construction of the global economic society. The biomass hydrothermal carbonization quality improvement technology is a key technology for solving the problem of application of biomass energy with high moisture, high alkali metal content and low calorific value in steel production. The hydrothermal carbonization technology takes subcritical water as a reaction medium, finishes a carbonization reaction process under the condition of lower temperature (180-350 ℃), obtains a solid product called biomass hydrothermal carbon when biomass is taken as a raw material, and is a key technology for efficient application of biomass resources.
Subcritical water refers to water which is still in a liquid state when heated from a normal pressure boiling point temperature (100 ℃) to a supercritical point temperature (374 ℃) under certain pressure (P is less than or equal to 22.05MPa), and is also called superheated water and high-temperature water.
The biomass hydrothermal carbonization reaction is carried out in subcritical water, the used equipment is high-pressure reaction equipment, and the subcritical water is generated by firstly adding a water source into the high-pressure reaction equipment, then sealing, and then heating the high-pressure reaction equipment by a heating device. At present, the common heating modes for preparing subcritical water are electric heating and heat transfer oil heating, and a patent with the application number of CN201910199950.4 discloses a subcritical water preparation device, which comprises: the device comprises a pressure container, a plurality of heating units, a plurality of temperature detection units and a pressure detection unit; the heating units are used for heating water at different positions in the pressure container; the device has the disadvantages of slow heating process, high heating energy consumption and slow generation rate of subcritical water, and is difficult to meet the application of biomass hydrothermal carbonization engineering.
In view of the above, there is a need to design an improved subcritical water preparation process and a generator thereof to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a subcritical water preparation process and a generating device thereof, which can be used for directly heating process water by taking high-pressure superheated steam as a heat source, and can be used for improving the generation rate of subcritical water, improving the hydrothermal carbonization efficiency, reducing the energy consumption in the hydrothermal carbonization process and lowering the preparation cost of biomass hydrothermal carbon.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a subcritical water preparation process, which comprises a gas-water mixing system and a gas-water separation system; the gas-water mixing system is used for fully mixing and exchanging heat between the high-pressure superheated steam and the process water to enable a gas-water mixed fluid consisting of the high-pressure superheated steam and the process water to generate a gas-water mixture consisting of subcritical water and saturated steam; the gas-water separation system is used for separating subcritical water and saturated steam in the gas-water mixture, the subcritical water is directly applied, and the saturated steam is further condensed into subcritical water and then applied.
The invention also provides a generating device for the subcritical water preparation process, which comprises a gas-water mixing area and a gas-water separation area which are communicated with each other from top to bottom; the gas-water mixing area comprises a steam chamber, a process water chamber and a mixing chamber; the gas-water separation zone comprises a gas-water separation component and a subcritical water zone; the high-pressure superheated steam of the steam chamber and the process water of the process water chamber are mixed by the mixing chamber and enter the gas-water separation region, subcritical water and saturated steam are obtained by separation of the gas-water separation component, the subcritical water is directly applied, and the saturated steam is further condensed into subcritical water to be applied.
As a further improvement of the invention, the steam chamber is vertically inserted into the inner cavity of the process water chamber, and the high-pressure superheated steam and the process water are respectively sprayed into the steam chamber and the process water chamber along mutually vertical directions; the outlet end of the steam chamber is provided with a high-pressure superheated steam nozzle of a Laval nozzle structure, the outlet end of the process water chamber is provided with a process water nozzle, the high-pressure superheated steam nozzle and the process water nozzle both extend into the mixing chamber, and the high-pressure superheated steam nozzle and the process water nozzle are coaxially arranged.
As a further improvement of the invention, the gas-water mixing area also comprises a throat pipe and an expansion chamber which are sequentially arranged below the mixing chamber from top to bottom, the mixing chamber, the throat pipe and the expansion chamber are communicated and coaxially arranged, and form a Laval nozzle structure, and gas-water mixed fluid formed by the mixing chamber sequentially passes through the throat pipe and the expansion chamber, so that the sufficient uniform mixing and heat exchange of high-pressure superheated steam and process water are realized, a gas-water mixture is generated, and the gas-water mixture further enters the gas-water separation area.
As a further improvement of the invention, the gas-water separation assembly comprises a gas-water separation inner pipe and a porous baffle pipe which are coaxially arranged from inside to outside, and a spiral guide plate fixedly arranged between the gas-water separation inner pipe and the porous baffle pipe; a plurality of rows of gas-water separation holes are uniformly distributed on the porous baffle pipeline;
porous baffle pipeline entrance point with air-water mixture district intercommunication, just air-water separation inner tube entrance point with air-water mixture district does not communicate, and air-water mixture gets into the air-water separation inner tube with the separation zone of treating that forms between the porous baffle pipeline, quilt the spiral guide plate is rotatory, and subcritical water and saturated steam produce different centrifugal force, and subcritical water follows set up on the porous baffle pipeline the gas-water separation hole blowout, saturated steam can not follow the gas-water separation hole blowout to separate out subcritical water and saturated steam.
As a further improvement of the invention, the subcritical water zone comprises an outer gas-water separation tube which is coaxially distributed outside the porous baffle tube along the axial direction; subcritical water is sprayed out from the gas-water separation holes formed in the porous baffle pipe and enters the water collecting channel formed between the porous baffle pipe and the gas-water separation outer pipe, and saturated steam and a gas-water mixture coexist in the to-be-separated area formed between the gas-water separation inner pipe and the porous baffle pipe.
As a further improvement of the invention, the lower end of the water collecting channel is closed, the upper end of the water collecting channel is communicated with the gas-water separation inner tube through a gas-water separation head, and subcritical water obtained through separation is pressed into the gas-water separation inner tube from the water collecting channel and flows out from the outlet end of the gas-water separation inner tube; the saturated vapor obtained by separation flows out from the outlet end of the zone to be separated.
As a further improvement of the invention, the gas-water separation device also comprises a silencing and damping area arranged below the gas-water separation area, wherein the gas-water separation area and the silencing and damping area are communicated with each other and are coaxially arranged; and subcritical water and saturated steam obtained by the separation in the gas-water separation zone respectively enter the silencing and damping zone through the gas-water separation inner pipe and the zone to be separated.
As a further improvement of the invention, the silencing and damping area comprises a silencing and damping inner pipe communicated with the gas-water separation inner pipe and a silencing and damping outer pipe coaxially distributed outside the silencing and damping inner pipe along the axial direction; the length of the silencing and damping outer pipe is less than that of the silencing and damping inner pipe; the inner diameter of the silencing and damping inner pipe is equal to that of the gas-water separation inner pipe, subcritical water obtained by separation in the gas-water separation region enters the silencing and damping inner pipe through the gas-water separation inner pipe, and flows into high-pressure reaction equipment from the outlet end of the silencing and damping inner pipe; the inner diameter of the silencing and damping outer pipe is equal to that of the porous baffle pipe, and saturated steam obtained by the separation of the gas-water separation area enters a steam collecting channel formed between the silencing and damping inner pipe and the silencing and damping outer pipe through the area to be separated.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the silencing and damping area further comprises a primary steam release pipe and a secondary steam release pipe which are arranged below the outer silencing and damping pipe, the primary steam release pipe, the secondary steam release pipe and the outer silencing and damping pipe are coaxially arranged, the secondary steam release pipe is positioned outside the primary steam release pipe, the inner diameter of the primary steam release pipe is equal to the inner diameter of the outer silencing and damping pipe, and the outer diameter of the secondary steam release pipe is equal to the outer diameter of the outer silencing and damping pipe; the length of the primary steam release pipeline is smaller than that of the secondary steam release pipeline, and the bottom end of the primary steam release pipeline and the bottom end of the secondary steam release pipeline are both connected with the outer wall of the silencing and damping inner pipe; evenly distributed multirow one-level vapour punchhole on the one-level vapour release pipeline, evenly distributed multirow second grade vapour punchhole on the second grade vapour release pipeline gets into the saturated vapour of collection vapour passageway passes through first level vapour punchhole gets into the one-level vapour release pipeline with the noise elimination intracavity that forms between the second grade vapour release pipeline, rethread second grade vapour punchhole gets into in the high pressure reaction equipment to contact with the reaction liquid in the high pressure reaction equipment, the condensation generates subcritical water, reaches the purpose that noise reduction and vibration reduction.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a subcritical water preparation process, wherein high-pressure superheated steam is used as a heat source to directly contact and heat process water, and finally the high-pressure superheated steam and the process water are both converted into subcritical water to be fully utilized, so that the utilization rate of raw materials is high; in addition, a heating device is not required to be additionally introduced in the preparation process, a direct contact heating mode is adopted, the high-pressure superheated steam and the process water are the same in nature (are both water), the heat energy utilization efficiency is high, the energy-saving and environment-friendly requirements are met, and the technical defects that the subcritical water obtained by indirect heating is low in efficiency and high in energy consumption and operation cost are overcome. The process can realize flexible control of the quality of the subcritical water by controlling the proportion of the high-pressure superheated steam and the process water according to the conditions of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction so as to meet the quality requirements of different hydrothermal carbonization technologies on the subcritical water.
(2) The invention provides a generating device for a subcritical water preparation process, wherein a high-pressure superheated steam nozzle adopts a Laval nozzle structure to accelerate high-pressure superheated steam, a mixing chamber, a throat pipe and an expansion chamber form the Laval nozzle structure again, and a gas-water mixed fluid is further accelerated, so that the generated gas-water mixture enters a gas-water separation region at supersonic speed, and separation of subcritical water and saturated steam is facilitated. The arrangement of the mixing chamber, the throat pipe and the expansion chamber can realize the efficient mixing and heating of the high-pressure superheated steam to the process water, the preparation efficiency of the subcritical water is high, and the large demand of the industrial biomass hydrothermal carbonization production on the subcritical water can be met.
(3) The invention provides a generating device for a subcritical water preparation process, which can increase a vapor flowing space, prolong a vapor conveying distance, reduce vapor pressure and reduce vibration of single saturated vapor flow to equipment and reaction liquid to be heated by arranging a silencing and damping area, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing noise and vibration
(4) The invention provides a generating device for a subcritical water preparation process, which is divided into a gas-water mixing area, a gas-water separation area and a silencing and damping area, so that the processing and manufacturing difficulty and cost of the device can be reduced, and the application range and applicability of the device are improved; the device has the advantages of novel design, reasonable structure, high production efficiency and low system energy consumption, and has the characteristics of compact equipment structure, low manufacturing cost, high hydrothermal carbonization reaction efficiency, low equipment operation energy consumption and low manufacturing and production cost compared with electric heating and heat-conducting oil heating hydrothermal carbonization equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional structure view of a generator for subcritical water production process according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the gas-water separation region.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the gas-water separation region.
Reference numerals
100-a generating device for subcritical water preparation process; 1-gas-water mixing area; 2-gas-water separation zone; 3-a sound-deadening and vibration-reducing area; 4-a connecting assembly; 11-a vapor chamber; 12-a process water chamber; 13-a mixing chamber; 14-a throat; 15-an expansion chamber; 16-high pressure superheated steam nozzle; 17-process water nozzles; 21-gas-water separation inner pipe; 22-a perforated baffle pipe; 23-gas-water separation outer tube; 24-gas-water separation holes; 25-a spiral deflector; 26-gas-water separation head; 31-a silencing and damping inner pipe; 32-sound-deadening and shock-absorbing outer tube; 33-a primary vapor release conduit; 34-a secondary vapor release conduit; 35-primary steam perforation; 36-secondary vapor vents.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and/or processing steps closely related to the aspects of the present invention are shown in the drawings, and other details not closely related to the present invention are omitted.
In addition, it is also to be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention provides a subcritical water preparation process which comprises a gas-water mixing system and a gas-water separation system. The gas-water mixing system is used for fully mixing and exchanging heat between the high-pressure superheated steam and the process water to enable a gas-water mixed fluid consisting of the high-pressure superheated steam and the process water to generate a gas-water mixture consisting of subcritical water and saturated steam; the gas-water separation system is used for separating subcritical water and saturated steam in a gas-water mixture, the subcritical water is directly applied, and the saturated steam is further condensed into subcritical water and then applied.
In some embodiments, the subcritical water produced by the process is used in hydrothermal carbonization reactions.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present invention further provides a generator 100 for subcritical water preparation process, including a gas-water mixing zone 1 and a gas-water separation zone 2, which are communicated with each other from top to bottom. The gas-water mixing area 1 comprises a steam chamber 11, a process water chamber 12 and a mixing chamber 13; the gas-water separation zone 2 comprises a gas-water separation component and a subcritical water zone. With the arrangement, the high-pressure superheated steam in the steam chamber 11 and the process water in the process water chamber 12 are mixed by the mixing chamber 13 and enter the gas-water separation region 2, subcritical water and saturated steam are obtained by separation of the gas-water separation component, the subcritical water is directly applied, and the saturated steam is further condensed into subcritical water to be applied.
Specifically, the steam chamber 11 is vertically inserted into the inner cavity of the process water chamber 12, the outer diameter of the steam chamber 11 is smaller than the inner diameter of the process water chamber 12, and the contact part between the steam chamber 11 and the process water chamber 12 is in a sealed state. The high-pressure superheated steam and the process water are sprayed into the steam chamber 11 and the process water chamber 12, respectively, in mutually perpendicular directions. The outlet end of the steam chamber 11 is provided with a high-pressure superheated steam nozzle 16 of a Laval nozzle structure, and the outer diameter of the high-pressure superheated steam nozzle 16 is smaller than the inner diameter of the inlet end of the mixing chamber 13; the outlet end of the process water chamber 12 is provided with a process water nozzle 17, the high-pressure superheated steam nozzle 16 and the process water nozzle 17 both extend into the mixing chamber 13, and the high-pressure superheated steam nozzle 16 and the process water nozzle 17 (i.e., the gap formed between the high-pressure superheated steam nozzle 16 and the mixing chamber 13) are coaxially arranged.
The high-pressure superheated steam enters the steam chamber 11 from the inlet end of the steam chamber 11 and is sprayed into the mixing chamber 13 from the high-pressure superheated steam nozzle 16 at the outlet end of the steam chamber, the high-pressure superheated steam is accelerated by the outlet of the Laval nozzle structure (the front half part of the Laval nozzle is contracted from big to middle to a narrow throat, and then expands from small to big outwards after the narrow throat), the high-pressure superheated steam flows into the front half part of the nozzle and then escapes from the rear half part after passing through the narrow throat, and the structure can change the air flow speed of the high-pressure superheated steam due to the change of the nozzle section area, so that the air flow is accelerated from subsonic speed to supersonic speed. The process water enters from the inlet of the process water chamber 12 and is injected into the mixing chamber 13 from the process water nozzles. Spiral flow channels in opposite directions are formed in the inner walls of the high-pressure superheated steam nozzle and the process water nozzle, and the arrangement can improve the uniform mixing effect of the high-pressure superheated steam and the process water in the mixing chamber 13. Among them, the process water is preferably desalted water.
The gas-water mixing area 1 further comprises a throat pipe 14 and an expansion chamber 15 which are arranged below the mixing chamber 13 from top to bottom in sequence. The mixing chamber 13, the throat 14 and the expansion chamber 15 are communicated with each other, the steam chamber 11, the process water chamber 12, the mixing chamber 13, the throat 14, the expansion chamber 15, the high-pressure superheated steam nozzle 16 and the process water nozzle 17 are coaxially arranged, the mixing chamber 13, the throat 14 and the expansion chamber 15 form a Laval nozzle structure again (the mixing chamber 13 is a structure with the first half portion being changed from large to small, the middle portion is contracted to a narrow throat 14, and the expansion chamber 15 is a structure with the middle portion being changed from small to large and outwards expanded after the narrow throat), and further the gas-water mixed fluid consisting of the high-pressure superheated steam and the process water is accelerated. The high-pressure superheated steam and the process water are fully mixed, heat exchanged and subjected to deceleration pressurization in the mixing chamber 13, the throat pipe 14 and the expansion chamber 15, the process water is heated by the high-pressure superheated steam in the process, and the gas-water mixed fluid generates a gas-water mixture comprising subcritical water and saturated steam and enters the gas-water separation zone 2 for gas-water separation.
The gas-water separation zone 2 is connected to the expansion chamber 15 by a connection assembly 4, in some embodiments, the connection assembly 4 is a joint.
The gas-water separation zone 2 comprises a gas-water separation component and a subcritical water zone. Specifically, the gas-water separation assembly comprises a gas-water separation inner pipe 21 (without holes on the side wall) and a porous baffle pipe 22 which are coaxially arranged from inside to outside, and a spiral guide plate 25 fixedly arranged between the gas-water separation inner pipe 21 and the porous baffle pipe 22; a plurality of rows of gas-water separation holes 24 are uniformly distributed on the porous baffle pipeline 22; the inlet end of the porous baffle pipe 22 is communicated with the expansion chamber 15 of the gas-water mixing area 1, the inlet end of the gas-water separation inner pipe 21 is not communicated with the expansion chamber 15 of the gas-water mixing area 1, and the subcritical water area comprises a gas-water separation outer pipe 23 which is coaxially distributed on the outer side of the porous baffle pipe 22 along the axial direction and a water collecting channel which is formed between the porous baffle pipe 22 and the gas-water separation outer pipe 23.
The gas-water mixture enters a to-be-separated area formed between the gas-water separation inner pipe 21 and the porous baffle pipe 22 from the expansion chamber 15 and is rotated by the spiral guide plate 25 (the spiral guide plate 25 is fixed and the gas-water mixture is rotated), at the moment, the gas-water mixture generates rotary flow at a high speed, subcritical water flows along the outer side under the action of centrifugal force due to the difference of gas-water density, saturated steam flows along the inner side, the subcritical water is sprayed out from the gas-water separation holes 24 arranged on the porous baffle pipe 22, and the saturated steam cannot be sprayed out from the gas-water separation holes 24, so that the subcritical water and the steam are separated to form subcritical water and steam. The subcritical water is sprayed out from the gas-water separation holes and enters a water collecting channel formed between the porous baffle pipe 22 and the gas-water separation outer pipe 23, and the saturated steam and the gas-water mixture coexist in a to-be-separated area formed between the gas-water separation inner pipe 21 and the porous baffle pipe 22.
The lower end of the water collecting channel is closed, the upper end of the water collecting channel is communicated with the gas-water separation inner tube 21 through the gas-water separation head 26 (the inlet of the gas-water separation inner tube 21 is closed, the inner cavities of the water collecting channel and the gas-water separation inner tube 21 are communicated through the gas-water separation head 26 by penetrating through the porous baffle tube 22, and the joint is in a sealed state), subcritical water entering the water collecting channel through the gas-water separation hole 24 flows upwards along the inner wall of the gas-water separation outer tube 23 and is collected into the gas-water separation inner tube 21 through the gas-water separation head 26, namely the subcritical water is pressed into the gas-water separation inner tube 21 from the water collecting channel and flows out from the outlet end of the gas-water separation inner tube 21; the saturated vapor obtained by separation flows out from the outlet end of the region to be separated.
In some embodiments, the device 100 further includes a silencing and damping area 3 disposed below the gas-water separation area 2, the gas-water separation area 2 and the silencing and damping area 3 are communicated with each other and coaxially disposed, the gas-water separation area 2 is connected to the silencing and damping area 3 through a connection component 4, wherein the connection component 4 is a joint. Subcritical water and saturated steam obtained by separation in the gas-water separation zone 2 respectively enter the silencing and damping zone 3 through the gas-water separation inner pipe 21 and the zone to be separated.
Specifically, the silencing and damping area 3 includes a silencing and damping inner tube 31 communicating with the gas-water separation inner tube 21 and a silencing and damping outer tube 32 coaxially distributed outside the silencing and damping inner tube 31 in the axial direction. The length of the outer silencing and damping pipe 32 is less than that of the inner silencing and damping pipe 31; the inner diameter of the silencing and damping inner pipe 31 is equal to the inner diameter of the gas-water separation inner pipe 21.
The sound-deadening and shock-absorbing region 3 further includes a primary vapor discharge pipe 33 and a secondary vapor discharge pipe 34 disposed below the outer sound-deadening and shock-absorbing pipe 32. The primary steam release pipeline 33, the secondary steam release pipeline 34 and the outer silencing and damping pipe 32 are coaxially arranged, the secondary steam release pipeline 34 is positioned outside the primary steam release pipeline 33, the inner diameter of the primary steam release pipeline 3 is equal to that of the outer silencing and damping pipe 32, and the outer diameter of the secondary steam release pipeline 34 is equal to that of the outer silencing and damping pipe 32; the primary steam release pipe 33 is evenly distributed with a plurality of rows of primary steam holes 35, and the secondary steam release pipe 34 is evenly distributed with a plurality of rows of secondary steam holes 36.
The length of the first-stage steam release pipeline 33 is smaller than that of the second-stage steam release pipeline 34, and the bottom end of the first-stage steam release pipeline 33 and the bottom end of the second-stage steam release pipeline 34 are both connected with the outer wall of the silencing and damping inner pipe 31.
So set up, through the separation of gas-water separation zone 2 obtain subcritical water through the gas-water separation inner tube 21 get into amortization shock attenuation inner tube 31 to flow into high pressure reaction equipment from the exit end of amortization shock attenuation inner tube 31. The saturated steam obtained by the separation of the gas-water separation zone 2 enters a steam collecting channel formed between the silencing and damping inner pipe 31 and the silencing and damping outer pipe 32 through the to-be-separated zone, the saturated steam entering the steam collecting channel firstly enters a silencing cavity formed between the primary steam release pipeline 33 and the secondary steam release pipeline 34 through the primary steam holes 35, and then is dispersed and conveyed to the to-be-heated reaction liquid in the high-pressure reaction equipment through the secondary steam holes 36, and the saturated steam is contacted with the to-be-heated reaction liquid and is condensed to generate subcritical water. According to the arrangement, the steam pressure is reduced by increasing the steam flowing space and prolonging the steam conveying distance, so that the vibration of single saturated steam flow to the high-pressure reaction equipment and the reaction liquid to be heated is reduced, and the purposes of reducing noise and vibration are achieved.
The generating device 100 for the subcritical water preparation process is vertically installed in the high-pressure reaction equipment through a flange, the subcritical water outlet, namely the tail end of the silencing and damping area 3, is immersed in the reaction liquid obtained by the high-pressure reaction equipment, and the liquid level of the reaction liquid is higher than that of the secondary steam hole 36.
Preferably, the steam chamber 11, the process water chamber 12, the mixing chamber 13, the throat pipe 14, the expansion chamber 15, the high-pressure superheated steam nozzle 16, the process water nozzle 17, the gas-water separation inner pipe 21, the porous baffle pipe 22, the gas-water separation outer pipe 23, the silencing and damping inner pipe 31, the silencing and damping outer pipe 32, the primary steam release pipe 33 and the secondary steam release pipe 34 are coaxially arranged in a ring shape.
The use method of the generating device 100 for the subcritical water preparation process specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, when hydrothermal carbonization reaction is carried out, vertically installing a generating device 100 for subcritical water preparation process in high-pressure reaction equipment through a flange, and ensuring that a subcritical water outlet, namely the tail end of a silencing and damping area 3, is immersed in reaction liquid of the high-pressure reaction equipment, wherein the liquid level of the reaction liquid is higher than a secondary steam hole 36;
s2, injecting high-pressure superheated steam and process water in a certain proportion into a steam chamber 11 and a process water chamber 12 respectively according to requirements, enabling a gas-water mixed fluid formed by the high-pressure superheated steam and the process water to enter a mixing chamber 13, a throat pipe 14 and an expansion chamber 15 in sequence for sufficient mixing, heat exchange and speed reduction to generate a gas-water mixture comprising subcritical water and saturated steam, and enabling the gas-water mixture to enter a gas-water separation area 2 for gas-water separation;
s3, enabling the gas-water mixture to enter a to-be-separated area formed between the gas-water separation inner pipe 21 and the porous baffle pipe 22, separating by the spiral guide plate 25 to generate subcritical water and saturated steam, and enabling the subcritical water and the saturated steam to enter the silencing and damping area 3 from the gas-water separation inner pipe 21 and the to-be-separated area respectively;
s4, subcritical water enters the inner silencing and damping tube 31 from the inner gas-water separation tube 21 and enters high-pressure reaction equipment from the outlet end of the inner silencing and damping tube 31; steam enters a steam collecting channel from the to-be-separated area, then enters a silencing cavity formed between a first-stage steam release pipeline 33 and a second-stage steam release pipeline 34 through a first-stage steam hole 35, then enters high-pressure reaction equipment through a second-stage steam hole 36, contacts with reaction liquid in the high-pressure reaction equipment, is condensed to generate subcritical water, and the purposes of reducing noise and reducing equipment vibration are achieved.
In this embodiment, taking a certain hydrothermal carbonization reaction as an example, subcritical water is prepared by the following specific operation steps:
s1, vertically installing a generating device 100 for subcritical water preparation process on a generator with the volume of 10m through a flange3Ensuring that a subcritical water outlet, namely the tail end of the silencing and damping area 3, is immersed in the reaction liquid of the high-pressure reaction kettle, wherein the liquid level of the reaction liquid is higher than that of the secondary steam hole 36, and the carbonization temperature of the high-pressure reaction kettle is set to be 220 ℃;
s2, introducing 350 ℃ and 3MPa high-pressure superheated steam and 60 ℃ desalted water into a generating device 100 for a subcritical water preparation process through a high-pressure pipeline, wherein the flow rate of the high-pressure superheated steam is 0.75t/h, the flow rate of the desalted water is 0.5t/h, the high-pressure superheated steam and the desalted water are respectively sprayed from an inlet of a steam chamber 11 and an inlet of a process water chamber 12, the high-pressure superheated steam adiabatically expands in a high-pressure superheated steam nozzle 16, pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy, the kinetic energy is sprayed out at an outlet of the high-pressure superheated steam nozzle 16 in a supersonic speed, the desalted water is simultaneously led out at a high speed through a process water nozzle 17, the high-pressure superheated steam and the desalted water are subjected to mass, momentum and energy exchange in a mixing chamber 13, the speed and the temperature of the high-pressure superheated steam are continuously reduced, the speed and the temperature of the desalted water are gradually increased to form a gas-water mixed fluid of high-temperature saturated steam and subcritical water, the gas-water mixed fluid enters the expansion chamber 15 through the throat pipe 14 to generate a gas-water mixture comprising subcritical water and saturated steam, and enters the gas-water separation zone 2 when the speed of the gas-water mixed fluid is reduced and the pressure of the gas-water mixed fluid is increased to 2.32MPa higher than the working pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle in the expansion chamber 15;
s3, enabling the gas-water mixture to enter a to-be-separated area formed between the gas-water separation inner pipe 21 and the porous baffle pipe 22, enabling the gas-water mixture to flow in a rotating mode at a high speed to generate centrifugal force when passing through a spiral guide plate 25, enabling subcritical water in the gas-water mixture to flow along the outer side under the action of the centrifugal force, enabling the subcritical water to enter a water collecting channel through gas-water separation holes 24 in the porous baffle pipe 22 to be separated, enabling high-temperature saturated steam to flow along a steam collecting channel between the gas-water separation inner pipe 21 and the porous baffle pipe 23, enabling the subcritical water in the water collecting channel to flow upwards along the pipe wall of the gas-water separation outer pipe 23, collecting the subcritical water and the high-temperature saturated steam into the gas-water separation inner pipe 21 through a gas-water separation head 26, and enabling the subcritical water and the high-temperature saturated steam to enter the silencing and damping area 3 from the gas-water separation inner pipe 21 and the to-water-to-be-separated area;
s4, subcritical water enters the inner silencing and damping tube 31 from the gas-water separation tube 21, and generated subcritical water enters the high-pressure reaction kettle from the outlet end of the inner silencing and damping tube 31 to participate in hydrothermal carbonization reaction because the subcritical water pressure in the inner silencing and damping tube 31 is higher than the working pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle; high-temperature saturated steam enters a steam collecting channel from the to-be-separated area, then enters a silencing cavity formed between a first-stage steam release pipeline 33 and a second-stage steam release pipeline 34 through a first-stage steam hole 35, is then dispersed and conveyed to the to-be-heated reaction liquid in the high-pressure reaction kettle through a second-stage steam hole 36, contacts the to-be-heated reaction liquid, is subjected to full heat exchange, is condensed into subcritical water, and participates in the hydrothermal carbonization reaction process. By the arrangement, the steam pressure is reduced by increasing the steam flowing space and prolonging the steam conveying distance, and the vibration of single saturated steam flow to equipment and reaction liquid to be heated is reduced, so that the aims of reducing noise and vibration are fulfilled.
In summary, the invention provides a subcritical water preparation process and a generation device thereof, wherein high-pressure superheated steam is used as a heat source to directly heat process water, and finally both the high-pressure superheated steam and the process water are converted into subcritical water to be fully utilized, so that the utilization rate of raw materials is high; in the preparation process, a heating device is not required to be additionally introduced, the heat utilization efficiency is high, and the energy-saving and environment-friendly requirements are met; the quality of subcritical water can be flexibly controlled by controlling the proportion of the high-pressure superheated steam and the process water according to the conditions of the hydrothermal carbonization reaction, so that the quality requirements of different hydrothermal carbonization technologies on the subcritical water are met; through setting up amortization damping region, can increase vapour flow space and extension vapour transport distance and reduce vapour pressure, reduce the vibration that single strand saturated steam flow made high pressure reaction equipment and the reaction liquid of waiting to heat to reach the purpose of noise reduction and vibration reduction.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A subcritical water preparation process is characterized in that: comprises a gas-water mixing system and a gas-water separation system; the gas-water mixing system is used for fully mixing and exchanging heat between the high-pressure superheated steam and the process water to enable a gas-water mixed fluid consisting of the high-pressure superheated steam and the process water to generate a gas-water mixture consisting of subcritical water and saturated steam; the gas-water separation system is used for separating subcritical water and saturated steam in the gas-water mixture, the subcritical water is directly applied, and the saturated steam is further condensed into subcritical water and then applied.
2. The generation apparatus for a subcritical water production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: comprises a gas-water mixing area (1) and a gas-water separation area (2) which are communicated with each other from top to bottom; the gas-water mixing area (1) comprises a steam chamber (11), a process water chamber (12) and a mixing chamber (13); the gas-water separation zone (2) comprises a gas-water separation component and a subcritical water zone; the high-pressure superheated steam of the steam chamber (11) and the process water of the process water chamber (12) are mixed by the mixing chamber (13) and enter the gas-water separation region (2), subcritical water and saturated steam are obtained by separation of the gas-water separation component, the subcritical water is directly applied, and the saturated steam is further condensed into subcritical water to be applied.
3. The generation apparatus for a subcritical water production process according to claim 2, characterized in that: the steam chamber (11) is vertically inserted into the inner cavity of the process water chamber (12), and high-pressure superheated steam and process water are respectively sprayed into the steam chamber (11) and the process water chamber (12) along mutually vertical directions; the outlet end of the steam chamber (11) is provided with a high-pressure superheated steam nozzle (16) of a Laval nozzle structure, the outlet end of the process water chamber (12) is provided with a process water nozzle (17), the high-pressure superheated steam nozzle (16) and the process water nozzle (17) both extend into the mixing chamber (13), and the high-pressure superheated steam nozzle (16) and the process water nozzle (17) are coaxially arranged.
4. The generation apparatus for subcritical water production process according to claim 3, characterized in that: gas-water mixing area (1) still including from top to bottom set gradually in choke (14) and expansion chamber (15) of mixing chamber (13) below, mixing chamber (13) choke (14) with expansion chamber (15) communicate each other, coaxial setting, and the three forms the laval nozzle structure, warp the gas-water mixing fluid that mixing chamber (13) formed loops through choke (14) with expansion chamber (15), realize the abundant mixing, the heat transfer of high-pressure superheated steam and process water, generate gas-water mixture, and then get into gas-water separation district (2).
5. The generation apparatus for a subcritical water production process according to claim 2, characterized in that: the gas-water separation assembly comprises a gas-water separation inner pipe (21) and a porous baffle pipe (22) which are coaxially arranged from inside to outside, and a spiral guide plate (25) fixedly arranged between the gas-water separation inner pipe (21) and the porous baffle pipe (22); a plurality of rows of gas-water separation holes (24) are uniformly distributed on the porous baffle pipeline (22);
porous baffle pipeline (22) entrance point with air water mixing area (1) intercommunication, just air water separation inner tube (21) entrance point with air water mixing area (1) does not communicate, and air water mixture gets into air water separation inner tube (21) with the separation zone of treating that forms between porous baffle pipeline (22), quilt spiral guide plate (25) are rotatory, and subcritical water and saturated steam produce different centrifugal forces, and subcritical water is followed set up on porous baffle pipeline (22) air water separation hole (24) blowout, saturated steam can not follow air water separation hole (24) blowout to separate subcritical water and saturated steam.
6. The generation apparatus for a subcritical water production process according to claim 5, characterized in that: the subcritical water zone comprises an outer gas-water separation pipe (23) which is coaxially distributed on the outer side of the porous baffle pipe (22) along the axial direction; subcritical water is from what set up on porous baffle pipeline (22) gas-water separation hole (24) blowout, gets into porous baffle pipeline (22) with the water-collecting channel that forms between gas-water separation outer tube (23), saturated steam and gas-water mixture coexist gas-water separation inner tube (21) with the section of waiting to separate that forms between porous baffle pipeline (22).
7. The generation apparatus for subcritical water production process according to claim 6, characterized in that: the lower end of the water collecting channel is closed, the upper end of the water collecting channel is communicated with the gas-water separation inner pipe (21) through a gas-water separation head (26), and subcritical water obtained through separation is pressed into the gas-water separation inner pipe (21) from the water collecting channel and flows out from the outlet end of the gas-water separation inner pipe (21); the saturated vapor obtained by separation flows out from the outlet end of the zone to be separated.
8. The generation apparatus for a subcritical water production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gas-water separation area (2) and the silencing and damping area (3) are communicated with each other and are coaxially arranged; subcritical water and saturated steam obtained by separation in the gas-water separation zone (2) respectively enter the silencing and damping zone (3) through the gas-water separation inner pipe (21) and the zone to be separated.
9. The generation apparatus for subcritical water production process according to claim 8, characterized in that: the silencing and damping area (3) comprises a silencing and damping inner pipe (31) communicated with the gas-water separation inner pipe (21) and a silencing and damping outer pipe (32) coaxially distributed on the outer side of the silencing and damping inner pipe (31) along the axial direction; the length of the silencing and damping outer pipe (32) is less than that of the silencing and damping inner pipe (31); the inner diameter of the silencing and damping inner pipe (31) is equal to that of the gas-water separation inner pipe (21), subcritical water obtained by separation in the gas-water separation region (2) enters the silencing and damping inner pipe (31) through the gas-water separation inner pipe (21) and flows into high-pressure reaction equipment from the outlet end of the silencing and damping inner pipe (31); the inner diameter of the outer silencing and damping pipe (32) is equal to that of the porous baffle pipe (22), and saturated steam obtained by separation in the gas-water separation region (2) enters a steam collecting channel formed between the inner silencing and damping pipe (31) and the outer silencing and damping pipe (32) through the region to be separated.
10. The generation apparatus for subcritical water production process according to claim 9, characterized in that: the silencing and damping area (3) further comprises a primary steam release pipeline (33) and a secondary steam release pipeline (34) which are arranged below the outer silencing and damping pipe (32), the primary steam release pipeline (33), the secondary steam release pipeline (34) and the outer silencing and damping pipe (32) are coaxially arranged, the secondary steam release pipeline (34) is positioned on the outer side of the primary steam release pipeline (33), the inner diameter of the primary steam release pipeline (33) is equal to the inner diameter of the outer silencing and damping pipe (32), and the outer diameter of the secondary steam release pipeline (34) is equal to the outer diameter of the outer silencing and damping pipe (32); the length of the primary steam release pipeline (33) is smaller than that of the secondary steam release pipeline (34), and the bottom end of the primary steam release pipeline (33) and the bottom end of the secondary steam release pipeline (34) are both connected with the outer wall of the silencing and damping inner pipe (31); evenly distributed multirow one-level vapour eyelet (35) on one-level vapour release pipeline (33), evenly distributed multirow second grade vapour eyelet (36) on second grade vapour release pipeline (34), the saturated vapour that gets into collection vapour passageway gets into first level vapour release pipeline (33) with the noise elimination chamber that forms between second grade vapour release pipeline (34) is passed through second grade vapour eyelet (36) gets into in the high pressure reaction equipment to with the interior reaction liquid contact of high pressure reaction equipment, the condensation generates subcritical water, reaches the purpose that noise reduction and vibration reduction.
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| US6001256A (en) * | 1996-09-25 | 1999-12-14 | Energy & Environmental Research Center | Method of manipulating the chemical properties of water to improve the effectiveness of a desired chemical process |
| US6495110B1 (en) * | 1997-04-23 | 2002-12-17 | Ebara Corporation | Supercritical reaction apparatus and method |
| US20110108491A1 (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2011-05-12 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Desalination using supercritical water and spiral separation |
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