CN113401871B - Tubular sectional controllable semi-isothermal converter - Google Patents
Tubular sectional controllable semi-isothermal converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN113401871B CN113401871B CN202110763346.7A CN202110763346A CN113401871B CN 113401871 B CN113401871 B CN 113401871B CN 202110763346 A CN202110763346 A CN 202110763346A CN 113401871 B CN113401871 B CN 113401871B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/12—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
- C01B3/16—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
- C01B2203/0288—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step containing two CO-shift steps
Abstract
The invention relates to a tubular sectional controllable semi-isothermal converter, which comprises a cylindrical furnace body extending vertically, wherein the top of the furnace body is provided with a crude synthesis gas inlet, the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a conversion gas outlet, a partition plate capable of dividing the inner cavity of the furnace body into an upper section and a lower section which are relatively independent is arranged in the furnace body, and the tubular sectional controllable semi-isothermal converter also comprises an inner upper cylinder, a central tube, a boiler water inlet cavity, a steam collecting cavity, a boiler water tube, a steam pocket and an inner lower cylinder. The invention can reach the activation temperature by mixing with the conversion gas at the upper section outlet of the shift converter without independently heating the gas entering the bypass to the activation temperature by a sectional reaction technology, thereby reducing the complexity of the process and the equipment investment; a semi-isothermal zone is formed in the upper section by combining a controllable steam generation system, the temperature of a conversion gas outlet can be effectively adjusted by controlling bypass air inflow and boiler water flow according to the load of crude synthesis gas or the water-steam ratio and the working conditions of the initial stage and the final stage of the conversion catalyst, and the stability of a downstream heat exchange system is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tubular sectional controllable semi-isothermal conversion furnace.
Background
China is a country with abundant coal resources and relatively short petroleum resources, and since the 21 st century, the coal chemical industry of China enters a rapid development stage. Coal gasification is an important method for chemical processing of coal and is a key to realizing clean utilization of coal.
The CO conversion process is an indispensable loop in the modern coal chemical technology and plays a role in starting and stopping. The purpose of CO conversion is to adjust H in the synthesis gas 2 And CO concentration to meet the needs of downstream users. Depending on the nature of the strongly exothermic CO reaction, several types of reactors are currently common:
(1) An axial reactor. The axial reactor is filled with catalyst, and the shift gas axially passes through the catalyst bed layer to perform adiabatic shift reaction. The reactor is characterized by simple structure and large catalyst loading. However, since all the shift gas needs to pass through the whole catalyst bed, the pressure drop of the shift gas is large, and especially under the condition that the catalyst is broken at the end stage, the pressure drop caused by the shift converter is large, so that the pressure drop of the whole shift system is increased. In the case of medium water-gas ratio, high CO raw synthesis gas reaction, the excess temperature is easily caused. Therefore, the axial reactor is only suitable for places with small adiabatic temperature rise, such as low-temperature transformation.
(2) Axial-radial reactor. Different from an axial reactor, the flow direction of the conversion gas of the axial-radial reactor is along the radial direction of the reactor, passes through a catalyst bed layer from outside to inside, enters a central pipe and then flows out of the reaction furnace. The gas distribution of the reactor is stable, the reactor is not influenced by the filling density of the catalyst, and the pressure drop of a bed layer is small; compared with an axial shift converter under the same working condition, the temperature of the cylinder body is lower, the diameter and the wall thickness of equipment are small, and the equipment investment is low; high activity small particle catalysts can be selected; the outlet CO content is low.
(3) An isothermal reactor. The two shift converters adopt adiabatic reactors, and since the shift reaction belongs to a strong exothermic reaction and is a process controlled by thermodynamics, the shift process adopts a reaction mode of multi-section and multiple heat exchange in the process setting. Therefore, a series of problems of relatively complex process, high heat loss, high steam consumption, high equipment cost and the like of the traditional process conversion are caused.
The isothermal reactor instantly removes the reaction heat by a physical method of 'water heat transfer', so that the catalyst bed can be maintained to operate at a stable low temperature, and a high CO conversion rate is ensured. The advantages of isothermal transformation techniques over conventional adiabatic transformation are as follows:
a. isothermal transformation instantly removes reaction heat and maintains the stable operation of a catalyst bed layer at a lower temperature;
b. the byproduct steam greatly reduces the energy consumption;
c. the process flow reduces the system pressure drop and the device investment.
However, the isothermal transformation technology applied at present has the following problems:
(1) the steam of the steam drum byproduct of the isothermal shift converter is saturated steam, and superheated steam with higher quality cannot be produced. The conversion device is a steam surplus device, usually, redundant steam is used by other users in the whole plant through a steam pipe network, and condensate is easily generated due to the reduction of the temperature of saturated steam and cannot enter the pipe network. The traditional adiabatic shift converter has high outlet temperature which is usually above 400 ℃ and can overheat saturated steam, and the isothermal shift converter can only be provided with a heating furnace or be thermally combined with other devices by independently arranging the heating furnace or performing thermal combination with other devices because most of reaction heat is taken away by a water circulation system and the outlet temperature is only about 300 ℃, so that the complexity and the equipment investment of the process are increased.
(2) The temperature of the isothermal conversion furnace is difficult to adjust. Due to the influence of factors such as upstream load variation, water-gas ratio fluctuation, catalyst terminal temperature increase and the like, the outlet temperature of the shift converter needs to be adjusted frequently. Because the water circulation between the steam pocket and the heat exchange tube is natural circulation, namely, the water vapor circulation is formed by utilizing the driving force generated by the static pressure head of water and the density difference of two-phase flow in the heat exchange tube, certain difficulty is brought to the control of removing reaction heat.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art and provides a shell and tube type segmented controllable semi-isothermal conversion furnace which can meet the requirements of the conversion reaction of crude synthesis gas under the working conditions of different loads and water-gas ratios by segmented feeding and can adjust the temperature of conversion gas at an outlet so as to meet the requirements of the grade of byproduct steam of a conversion unit.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the utility model provides a controllable half isothermal shift converter of shell and tube segmentation, includes vertical extension and is cylindric furnace body, and this furnace body top is opened has crude synthesis gas import, bottom to open and has become the export of taking a breath, be provided with in the furnace body and separate its inner chamber for the baffle of relatively independent upper segment and hypomere, the controllable half isothermal shift converter of shell and tube segmentation still includes:
the inner upper cylinder is arranged in the upper section of the furnace body and is provided with an inner cavity for filling a heat insulation shift reaction catalyst, an air inlet annular space is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the inner upper cylinder and the inner peripheral wall of the furnace body, and a plurality of first air inlets which are arranged at intervals are formed in the outer peripheral wall of the inner upper cylinder;
the central tube is arranged at the central part of the inner upper tube body, the upper end of the central tube is closed, the lower end of the central tube is provided with a lower port communicated with the lower part of the partition plate, and the peripheral wall of the central tube is provided with a plurality of air vents for allowing the gas in the inner upper tube body to enter the central tube;
the boiler water inlet cavity is arranged in the lower section of the boiler body and is close to the partition plate;
the steam collecting cavity is arranged in the upper section of the furnace body and positioned above the upper cylinder body and is used for collecting steam generated by heating boiler water;
the boiler water tubes are arranged on the upper cylinder body, the lower end of each boiler water tube is connected with the boiler water inlet cavity, the upper end of each boiler water tube is connected with the steam collecting cavity, and each boiler water tube is arranged on the periphery of the central tube in a surrounding manner close to the central tube, so that a semi-isothermal area is formed in an area where the boiler water tubes are arranged in the inner upper cylinder body, and an adiabatic area I is formed in an area where the boiler water tubes are not arranged on the periphery of the semi-isothermal area;
the steam drum is arranged above the furnace body, is communicated with the boiler water inlet cavity through a boiler water descending pipe and is communicated with the steam collecting cavity through a steam ascending pipe, and forms a controllable saturated steam generating system together with the boiler water descending pipe, the boiler water inlet cavity, the boiler water tubes, the steam collecting cavity and the steam ascending pipe; and
the inner lower cylinder is arranged in the lower section of the furnace body, is positioned below the boiler water inlet cavity and is provided with an inner cavity for filling a shift reaction catalyst; a gas mixing area is formed between the upper end of the inner lower cylinder and the partition plate, an opening for inputting the mixed gas into the gas mixing area is formed in the side wall of the furnace body, the inner lower cylinder is provided with a second gas inlet for the gas in the gas mixing area to enter and a gas outlet for outputting the reacted gas, and the gas outlet is communicated with the gas changing outlet. The boiler water inlet cavity is positioned in the gas mixing area.
Preferably, an air inlet gap is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the inner lower cylinder and the inner peripheral wall of the furnace body, the second air inlets are arranged on the peripheral wall of the inner lower cylinder at intervals, the central part of the inner lower cylinder is provided with a plurality of air guide pipes which are vertically arranged, the upper ends of the air guide pipes are closed, the lower ends of the air guide pipes are open, the air outlets are arranged on the peripheral wall of the air guide pipes at intervals, and the lower end openings of the air guide pipes extend to a gas changing outlet of the furnace body. And a baffle plate which is positioned at the bottom of the inner lower cylinder and only allows gas to be vertically output downwards through the gas guide pipe is arranged in the furnace body.
The inner lower cylinder body of the invention can also adopt another structure: the partial inner peripheral wall of the furnace body forms the peripheral wall of the inner lower cylinder body, and the inner lower cylinder body is communicated up and down so that the upper end of the inner lower cylinder body forms the second air inlet and the lower end of the inner lower cylinder body forms the air outlet. The bottom wall in the furnace body forms a bowl-shaped flow guide structure, and the conversion gas outlet is arranged at the central part of the flow guide structure, so that gas output from the bottom of the inner lower cylinder body is guided by the flow guide structure and then is output from the conversion gas outlet. Compared with the structure, the structure is suitable for different gasification technologies and transformation process flows, the catalyst loading is large, and the equipment size can be reduced.
Preferably, a transversely arranged gas distributor with a spraying structure is arranged in the mixing area, and the gas distributor is provided with a mixed gas inlet. The structure is favorable for improving the gas mixing effect, so that the gas mixing is more uniform.
Preferably, the number of the boiler water downcomers is at least two, the two boiler water downcomers are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the boiler water inlet cavity, and at least one boiler water downcomer is provided with a regulating valve capable of controlling the flow of fluid. The natural circulation ratio of water and gas in the system is controlled by adjusting the opening of the adjusting valve, so that the aims of adjusting the temperature of the shift gas and the yield of saturated steam in the semi-isothermal reaction zone are fulfilled. The number, the arrangement range and the density of the boiler water tubes in the semi-isothermal zone can be adjusted according to the water-gas ratio of the raw synthesis gas, the load range and the temperature requirement of a transformed gas outlet, so that the heat of partial transformed gas reaction in the semi-isothermal zone is transferred away through boiler water, and the transformation reaction in the zone is between adiabatic reaction and isothermal reaction.
Preferably, an inverted bowl-shaped guide surface is formed on the inner top wall of the furnace body, the crude synthesis gas inlet is positioned in the central part of the guide surface, and the guide surface forms a guide structure for guiding the crude synthesis gas to the peripheral gas inlet annular gap. This structure is advantageous for improving the circulation effect at the time of gas input.
Preferably, the furnace body is provided with a catalyst loading and unloading hole I corresponding to the bottom of the inner upper cylinder and a catalyst loading and unloading hole II corresponding to the bottom of the inner lower cylinder, so that the catalyst can be conveniently replaced; and the side wall of the furnace body corresponding to the mixing area is also provided with an inspection manhole so as to facilitate inspection.
Preferably, the top and the bottom of the inner upper cylinder and the inner lower cylinder are filled with ceramic balls for protecting and supporting the shift catalyst; the top of the inner upper cylinder and the top of the inner lower cylinder are also provided with a pressure grid which covers the top of the ceramic ball, and the ceramic ball and the catalyst can be replaced by removing the pressure grid.
The invention can quickly and effectively adjust the temperature of the conversion gas by arranging the controllable semi-isothermal saturated steam generating system with the regulating valve and the bypass air inlet, has no influence on the pressure of the generated steam, and solves the problems of easy over-temperature and difficult temperature control of the conversion reaction of the high-carbon monoxide content feed gas.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention can reach the activation temperature by mixing with the conversion gas at the upper section outlet of the shift converter without independently heating the gas entering the bypass to the activation temperature by a sectional reaction technology, thereby reducing the complexity of the process and the equipment investment; a semi-isothermal zone is formed in the upper section by combining a controllable steam generation system, the temperature of a conversion gas outlet can be effectively adjusted by controlling the bypass air inflow and the boiler water flow according to the load of crude synthesis gas or the water-steam ratio and the working conditions of the initial stage and the final stage of the conversion catalyst, and the stability of a downstream heat exchange system is ensured;
the invention can flexibly control the temperature of the transformed gas outlet by controlling the working condition of the semi-isothermal zone, superheat the high-pressure saturated steam, and do not need to arrange an external superheater or be thermally combined with other devices, thereby shortening the flow of the existing transformation process and reducing the investment and the operation difficulty;
the invention has wide application range, and can be suitable for raw materials with the volume content of carbon monoxide dry basis of 30-90 percent and the volume ratio of water to absolute dry gas of 0.1-1.6; the boiler water tubes in the converter are not required to be fully distributed in the whole reactor, the number of the tubes is greatly reduced, the number of the openings of the boiler water inlet cavity and the steam collecting cavity is reduced, and the difficulty of the manufacturing process is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following examples of the drawings.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the shell and tube type sectional controllable semi-isothermal shift converter of the invention comprises a vertically extending cylindrical furnace body 19, wherein the top of the furnace body 19 is provided with a raw synthesis gas inlet 4, the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a shift gas outlet 28, a partition plate 1c capable of dividing the inner cavity of the furnace body 19 into an upper section 1a and a lower section 1b which are relatively independent is arranged in the furnace body 19, and the shell and tube type sectional controllable semi-isothermal shift converter further comprises an inner upper cylinder body 2a, a central pipe 21, a boiler water inlet cavity 26, a steam collecting cavity 5, a boiler water shell and tube 10, a steam pocket 2 and an inner lower cylinder body 2b.
The inner upper cylinder 2a is arranged in the upper section 1a of the furnace body 19 and is provided with an inner cavity for filling the adiabatic shift reaction catalyst 20, an air inlet annular space 9 is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the inner upper cylinder 2a and the inner peripheral wall of the furnace body 19, and a plurality of first air inlets 22 which are arranged at intervals are arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the inner upper cylinder 2 a.
The central tube 21 is disposed at the central portion of the inner upper tube 2a, the upper end of the central tube is closed, the lower end of the central tube has a lower port communicated with the lower portion of the partition board 1c, and a plurality of vent holes 211 for allowing the gas in the inner upper tube 2a to enter the central tube 21 are opened on the peripheral wall of the central tube 21.
The boiler water inlet chamber 26 is provided in the lower section 1b of the furnace body 19 and is arranged close to the partition plate 1 c.
The steam collecting cavity 5 is arranged in the upper section 1a of the furnace body 19 and positioned above the inner upper cylinder 2a, and is used for collecting steam generated by heating boiler water.
The boiler water tubes 10 are multiple, the lower ends of the boiler water tubes 10 are connected with a boiler water inlet cavity 26, the upper ends of the boiler water tubes 10 are connected with a steam collecting cavity 5, and the boiler water tubes 10 are arranged on the periphery of the central tube 21 close to the central tube 21, so that a semi-isothermal area 8 is formed in the area, in which the boiler water tubes 10 are arranged, in the inner upper cylinder 2a, and an adiabatic area I6 is formed in the area, in which the boiler water tubes 10 are not arranged, on the periphery of the semi-isothermal area 8.
The steam drum 2 is arranged above the furnace body 19, the top of the steam drum 2 is provided with a steam outlet 1, the steam drum 2 is communicated with a boiler water inlet cavity 26 through a boiler water downcomer 3 and is communicated with a steam collecting cavity 5 through a steam riser 15, and the steam drum 2, the boiler water downcomer 3, the boiler water inlet cavity 26, the boiler water tube 10, the steam collecting cavity 5 and the steam riser 15 jointly form a controllable saturated steam generating system.
The inner lower cylinder 2b is arranged in the lower section 1b of the furnace body 19 and is positioned below the boiler water inlet cavity 26, and is provided with an inner cavity for filling a shift reaction catalyst, the inner lower cylinder 2b forms a heat insulation area II14, a gas mixing area 13 is formed between the upper end of the inner lower cylinder 2b and the partition board 1c, the boiler water inlet cavity 26 is positioned in the gas mixing area 13, the side wall of the furnace body 19 is provided with an opening for inputting mixed gas into the gas mixing area 13, the inner lower cylinder 2b is provided with a second gas inlet 21b for inputting gas of the gas mixing area 13 and a gas outlet 22b for outputting gas after reaction, and the gas outlet 22b is communicated with a shift gas outlet 28.
Specifically, an air inlet gap 23b is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the inner lower cylinder 2b and the inner peripheral wall of the furnace body 19, a plurality of second air inlets 21b are arranged at intervals on the peripheral wall of the inner lower cylinder 2b, a plurality of air guide pipes 24b which are vertically arranged, the upper ends of the air guide pipes are closed, the lower ends of the air guide pipes are open are arranged in the central part of the inner lower cylinder 2b, a plurality of air outlets 22b are arranged at intervals on the peripheral wall of the air guide pipes 24b, and the lower ends of the air guide pipes 24b extend to a conversion air outlet 28 of the furnace body 19. The furnace body 19 is provided with a baffle 25b which is positioned at the bottom of the inner lower cylinder 2b and only allows gas to be output vertically downwards through a gas guide pipe 24 b.
A transversely arranged gas distributor 23 with a shower structure is arranged in the mixing zone 13, which gas distributor 23 has a mixture inlet. The structure is beneficial to improving the gas mixing effect, so that the gas mixing is more uniform.
The two boiler water down pipes 3 are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the boiler water inlet cavity 26, and one boiler water down pipe 3 is provided with a regulating valve 16 capable of controlling the flow of fluid. The natural circulation ratio of water and gas in the system is controlled by adjusting the opening of the adjusting valve 16, so that the purposes of adjusting the temperature of the conversion gas and the yield of saturated steam in the semi-isothermal reaction zone are achieved. The number, the arrangement range and the density of the boiler water tubes in the semi-isothermal zone can be adjusted according to the water-gas ratio of the raw synthesis gas, the load range and the temperature requirement of a transformed gas outlet, so that the heat of partial transformed gas reaction in the semi-isothermal zone is transferred away through boiler water, and the transformation reaction in the zone is between adiabatic reaction and isothermal reaction.
The inner top wall of the furnace body 19 forms an inverted bowl-shaped guide surface 191, the crude synthesis gas inlet 4 is positioned in the central part of the guide surface 191, and the guide surface 191 forms a guide structure for guiding the crude synthesis gas to the peripheral air inlet annular gap 9, so that the structure is favorable for improving the circulation effect during gas input.
The furnace body 19 is provided with a catalyst loading and unloading hole I25 corresponding to the bottom of the inner upper cylinder 2a and a catalyst loading and unloading hole II27 corresponding to the bottom of the inner lower cylinder 2b so as to be convenient for replacing the catalyst; the side wall of the furnace body 19 corresponding to the mixing area 13 is also provided with an inspection manhole 12 for facilitating inspection.
The top and the bottom of the inner upper cylinder 2a and the inner lower cylinder 2b are filled with ceramic balls 11 for protecting and supporting the shift catalyst; the tops of the inner upper cylinder 2a and the inner lower cylinder 2b are also provided with a pressure grating 18 covering the top of the porcelain ball 11, and the porcelain ball and the catalyst can be replaced by removing the pressure grating 18.
The application process of this embodiment is as follows:
raw gas from a raw synthesis gas inlet 4 enters an air inlet annular gap 9 through an upper end socket of a shift converter, passes through an adiabatic shift reaction catalyst 20 from an axial direction through a first air inlet 22, firstly enters an adiabatic region I6 to perform adiabatic shift reaction to 420 ℃, and then enters a semi-isothermal region 8; the conversion gas is subjected to semi-isothermal conversion reaction in the semi-isothermal zone 8, the temperature is kept unchanged, redundant heat is absorbed by boiler water in a boiler water tube array 10 of the semi-isothermal zone to generate saturated steam, and the converted gas after reaction is collected through a central tube 21 and enters a lower-section mixing zone 13 of the conversion furnace; the temperature of the raw synthesis gas from the bypass gas inlet is 210 ℃, the raw synthesis gas is fully mixed with the conversion gas at the outlet of the upper section of the conversion furnace in the mixing zone 13 under the action of the gas distributor 23, then the raw synthesis gas enters the adiabatic zone II14 of the lower section of the conversion furnace for adiabatic reaction again, the temperature of the gas after the reaction is 400 ℃, and the gas is led out from the conversion gas outlet 28;
in the process, the operation flow of the controllable saturated steam generation system is as follows: the low-temperature boiler water from the boiler water downcomer 3 firstly enters a boiler water inlet cavity 26 to be collected, then enters a boiler water array pipe 10 of a semi-isothermal area, the low-temperature boiler water is changed into a water-vapor mixture after absorbing heat generated in reaction of the semi-isothermal area 8, saturated steam rises to a steam collection cavity 5 along the boiler water array pipe 10 to be subjected to primary liquid separation, then continues to enter a steam pocket 2 along a steam ascension pipe 15, and after condensate water is separated again, the saturated steam is produced from a steam outlet 1 and is sent out of a system.
In the embodiment, the temperature of the conversion gas can be rapidly and effectively adjusted by arranging the controllable semi-isothermal saturated steam generation system with the regulating valve 16 and the bypass air inlet, the steam pressure is not influenced, and the problems of easy over-temperature and difficult temperature control of the conversion reaction of the high-carbon monoxide-content feed gas are solved. The conventional common semi-isothermal converter outlet conversion gas is required to be stabilized above a certain temperature for keeping a certain superheat degree, and a means for effectively adjusting the outlet temperature is lacked under the working condition that the load of crude synthesis gas is changed or the activity of a catalyst at the final stage is reduced, so that the controllability and the adjustability are poor. In the sectional controllable semi-isothermal conversion furnace of the embodiment, the bypass can adjust the water-gas ratio and the CO content of the mixed conversion gas entering the heat insulation section; meanwhile, the thermal insulation section adopts thermodynamic equilibrium control, and the temperature requirement of the outlet conversion gas can be met. Therefore, the temperature range of the outlet of the semi-isothermal section of the sectional controllable semi-isothermal conversion furnace has no requirement, the temperature of the conversion gas at the outlet of the adiabatic section can be ensured to be above a certain temperature (usually 400 ℃) through the adjustment of the bypass, the control is flexible, the operation is simple and convenient, and the stability of a downstream heat exchange network is ensured.
Example 2:
this example differs from example 1 in that: as shown in fig. 3, a part of the inner peripheral wall of the furnace body 19 forms a peripheral wall of the inner lower cylinder 2b, and the inner lower cylinder 2b penetrates vertically to form a second air inlet at the upper end and an air outlet at the lower end. The inner bottom wall of the furnace body 19 forms a bowl-shaped flow guide structure 192, and the conversion gas outlet 28 is arranged at the central part of the flow guide structure 192, so that the gas output from the bottom of the inner lower cylinder 2b is output from the conversion gas outlet 28 after being guided by the flow guide structure.
Compared with the structure of the embodiment 1, the structure is used for adapting to different gasification technologies and transformation process flows, the catalyst loading is large, and the equipment size can be reduced.
Directional terms such as "front", "rear", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "side", "top", "bottom", and the like are used in the description and claims of the present invention to describe various example structural parts and elements of the present invention, but these terms are used herein for convenience of description only and are determined based on example orientations shown in the drawings. Because the disclosed embodiments of the present invention may be oriented in different directions, the directional terms are used for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as limiting, e.g., "upper" and "lower" are not necessarily limited to directions opposite or coincident with the direction of gravity.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a controllable half isothermal shift furnace of shell and tube segmentation, includes vertical extension and is cylindric furnace body, and open at this furnace body top has crude synthesis gas import, bottom to open and to have the export of changing the gas, its characterized in that: be provided with in the furnace body and separate its inner chamber for the baffle of relatively independent upper segment and hypomere, the controllable semi-isothermal shift converter of shell and tube segmentation still includes:
the inner upper cylinder is arranged in the upper section of the furnace body and is provided with an inner cavity for filling a heat insulation shift reaction catalyst, an air inlet annular space is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the inner upper cylinder and the inner peripheral wall of the furnace body, and a plurality of first air inlets which are arranged at intervals are formed in the outer peripheral wall of the inner upper cylinder;
the central tube is arranged at the central part of the inner upper tube body, the upper end of the central tube is closed, the lower end of the central tube is provided with a lower port communicated with the lower part of the partition plate, and the peripheral wall of the central tube is provided with a plurality of air vents for allowing the gas in the inner upper tube body to enter the central tube;
the boiler water inlet cavity is arranged in the lower section of the boiler body and is close to the partition plate;
the steam collecting cavity is arranged in the upper section of the furnace body and positioned above the upper cylinder body and is used for collecting steam generated by heating boiler water;
the boiler water tubes are arranged on the upper cylinder body, the lower end of each boiler water tube is connected with the boiler water inlet cavity, the upper end of each boiler water tube is connected with the steam collecting cavity, and each boiler water tube is arranged on the periphery of the central tube in a surrounding manner close to the central tube, so that a semi-isothermal area is formed in an area where the boiler water tubes are arranged in the inner upper cylinder body, and an adiabatic area I is formed in an area where the boiler water tubes are not arranged on the periphery of the semi-isothermal area;
the steam pocket is arranged above the furnace body, is communicated with the boiler water inlet cavity through a boiler water descending pipe and is communicated with the steam collecting cavity through a steam ascending pipe, and the steam pocket, the boiler water descending pipe, the boiler water inlet cavity, the boiler water array pipe, the steam collecting cavity and the steam ascending pipe jointly form a controllable saturated steam generating system; and
the inner lower cylinder is arranged in the lower section of the furnace body, is positioned below the boiler water inlet cavity and is provided with an inner cavity for filling a shift reaction catalyst; a gas mixing area is formed between the upper end of the inner lower cylinder and the partition plate, an opening for inputting the mixed gas into the gas mixing area is formed in the side wall of the furnace body, the inner lower cylinder is provided with a second gas inlet for the gas in the gas mixing area to enter and a gas outlet for the gas after reaction to output, and the gas outlet is communicated with the gas changing outlet;
a gas distributor with a spraying structure and arranged transversely is arranged in the mixing area, and the gas distributor is provided with a mixed gas inlet;
the boiler water descending pipes are at least two and are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the boiler water inlet cavity, and at least one boiler water descending pipe is provided with a regulating valve capable of controlling fluid flow.
2. The shell and tube type sectionally controllable semi-isothermal conversion furnace of claim 1, characterized in that: the furnace body comprises an inner lower barrel body, a furnace body and a plurality of second air inlets, wherein an air inlet gap is formed between the outer peripheral wall of the inner lower barrel body and the inner peripheral wall of the furnace body, the second air inlets are formed in the peripheral wall of the inner lower barrel body in a plurality of and spaced arrangements, the central part of the inner lower barrel body is provided with an air guide pipe which is vertically arranged, the upper end of the air guide pipe is closed, the lower end of the air guide pipe is open, the air outlet is formed in the peripheral wall of the air guide pipe in a plurality of and spaced arrangements, and the lower end opening of the air guide pipe extends to a transformation air outlet of the furnace body.
3. The shell and tube type sectionally controllable semi-isothermal conversion furnace of claim 2, characterized in that: and a baffle plate which is positioned at the bottom of the inner lower cylinder and only allows gas to be vertically output downwards through the gas guide pipe is arranged in the furnace body.
4. The shell and tube type sectionally controllable semi-isothermal conversion furnace of claim 1, characterized in that: the inner circumference wall of the furnace body forms the circumference wall of the inner lower cylinder body, the inner lower cylinder body is communicated up and down, so that the upper end of the inner lower cylinder body forms the second air inlet, and the lower end of the inner lower cylinder body forms the air outlet.
5. The shell and tube type segmented controllable semi-isothermal conversion furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that: the bottom wall in the furnace body forms a bowl-shaped flow guide structure, and the conversion gas outlet is arranged at the central part of the flow guide structure, so that gas output from the bottom of the inner lower cylinder body is guided by the flow guide structure and then is output from the conversion gas outlet.
6. The shell and tube type sectionally controllable semi-isothermal conversion furnace of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the inner top wall of the furnace body forms an inverted bowl-shaped guide surface, the crude synthesis gas inlet is positioned in the central part of the guide surface, and the guide surface forms a guide structure for guiding the crude synthesis gas to the peripheral air inlet annular space.
7. The shell and tube type segmented controllable semi-isothermal conversion furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the furnace body is provided with a catalyst loading and unloading hole I corresponding to the bottom of the inner upper cylinder and a catalyst loading and unloading hole II corresponding to the bottom of the inner lower cylinder.
8. The shell and tube type sectionally controllable semi-isothermal conversion furnace of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the top and the bottom of the inner upper cylinder and the inner lower cylinder are filled with ceramic balls, and the top of the inner upper cylinder and the top of the inner lower cylinder are also provided with pressure grids covering the tops of the ceramic balls.
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