CN114375988A - Peeled lotus root preservation method - Google Patents
Peeled lotus root preservation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114375988A CN114375988A CN202210034416.XA CN202210034416A CN114375988A CN 114375988 A CN114375988 A CN 114375988A CN 202210034416 A CN202210034416 A CN 202210034416A CN 114375988 A CN114375988 A CN 114375988A
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- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CCCl UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000005976 Ethephon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 54
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 54
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 18
- 241000366676 Justicia pectoralis Species 0.000 description 17
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 10
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 7
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- -1 dpph radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 6
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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- HHEAADYXPMHMCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dpph Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N]N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 HHEAADYXPMHMCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003859 lipid peroxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011277 treatment modality Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000099147 Ananas comosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007119 Ananas comosus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/157—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a peeled lotus root preservation method, which belongs to the field of food processing and comprises the following steps: step 1: precooling the fresh mashed lotus roots at the temperature of 3-5 ℃ for 10-15 h; step 2: selecting lotus roots which are not damaged by machinery, not rotten and deteriorated and are uniform in size from the precooled lotus roots in the step 1, cleaning the lotus roots, and peeling the cleaned lotus roots by using a cutter subjected to bacteria reduction treatment; and step 3: placing the lotus roots peeled in the step 2 in a bacterium reduction solution for carrying out bacterium reduction treatment for 5-20 min; and 4, step 4: and (4) soaking the peeled lotus roots processed in the step (3) in 3-5g/L ethephon solution for 3-6min, taking out, draining, sealing, packaging and storing at 10-25 ℃. Compared with the other three treatment methods (cutting, shredding and slicing), the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the influence on the quality of the peeled lotus roots is minimum, the browning of the peeled lotus roots can be inhibited through ethephon treatment, the stress resistance of the peeled lotus roots is improved, and the storage period is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural product preservation methods, in particular to a peeled lotus root preservation method,
background
At present, four methods of peeling, trimming, chopping, shredding and slicing are mainly adopted as cutting modes of fresh-cut lotus roots, but the quality of the fresh-cut lotus roots after treatment is affected differently by various cutting modes, and in order to research the fresh-cut lotus roots and expand the market of the lotus roots, a storage method which has the smallest effect on the quality of the fresh-cut lotus roots needs to be selected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a method for preserving peeled lotus roots with less influence on the quality of the lotus roots, which has the following technical scheme:
a peeled lotus root preservation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: precooling the fresh mashed lotus roots at the temperature of 3-5 ℃ for 10-15 h;
step 2: selecting lotus roots which are not damaged by machinery, not rotten and deteriorated and are uniform in size from the precooled lotus roots in the step 1, cleaning the lotus roots, and peeling the cleaned lotus roots by using a cutter subjected to bacteria reduction treatment;
and step 3: placing the lotus roots peeled in the step 2 in a bacterium reduction solution for carrying out bacterium reduction treatment for 5-20 min;
and 4, step 4: and (4) soaking the peeled lotus roots processed in the step (3) in 3-5g/L ethephon solution for 3-6min, taking out, draining, sealing, packaging and storing at 10-25 ℃.
Wherein the precooling condition in the step 1 is precooling for 12h at 4 ℃.
Wherein the time of the bacteria reduction treatment in the step 3 is 10 min.
Wherein the bacterium reducing solution is 0.1 wt% of sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution.
Wherein, the concentration of the ethephon solution in the step 4 is 4g/L, and the soaking time of the peeled lotus roots in the ethephon solution is 5 min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the other three treatment methods (cutting, shredding and slicing), the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the influence on the quality of the peeled lotus roots is minimum, the browning of the peeled lotus roots can be inhibited through ethephon treatment, the stress resistance of the peeled lotus roots is improved, the storage period is prolonged, the antioxidant capacity of the peeled lotus roots is improved, and the quality deterioration of the peeled lotus roots in the storage period is delayed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of four cutting treatment methods on the browning rate of lotus root according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the influence of four cutting processing methods on the L value of the lotus root color difference;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the influence of four cutting processing methods on the chromatic aberration a of lotus root according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the influence of four cutting processing methods on the b value of the lotus root color difference;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of four cutting treatment methods on the total number of colonies of Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of four cutting treatment methods of the present invention on the ascorbic acid content in lotus root;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of four cutting treatment methods on the total phenol content in lotus root according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of four cleavage treatment modalities of the present invention on the PPO activity in Nelumbo nucifera;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the effect of four cleavage treatment modalities of the present invention on PAL activity of lotus root;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of four cleavage treatment methods of the present invention on POD activity of Nelumbo nucifera;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the effect of four cutting treatment methods of the present invention on the SOD activity of lotus roots;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the effect of four cleavage treatment methods of the present invention on CAT activity of Nelumbo nucifera;
FIG. 13 shows the lotus root O processed by four cutting methods according to the present invention·-2Generating a rate influence graph;
FIG. 14 shows the lotus root H processed by four cutting methods according to the present invention2O2Influence graph of content;
FIG. 15 shows the OH content of lotus root processed by four cutting methods according to the present invention·-Generating an influence graph of the capacity;
FIG. 16 is a graph showing the effect of four cutting treatment methods on the MDA content of lotus root according to the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a graph showing the effect of four cutting treatment methods on the removal rate of dpph radicals from Nelumbo nucifera according to the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the influence of ethephon on the appearance and quality of peeled whole lotus root according to the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a graph showing the effect of ethephon treatment on the phenolic substances of peeled lotus roots according to the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a graph showing the effect of ethephon on the active oxygen content of peeled whole lotus roots according to the present invention;
FIG. 21 is a graph showing the effect of ethephon on POD, SOD and CAT activities of peeled rhizoma Nelumbinis of the present invention;
FIG. 22 is a graph showing the effect of ethephon on the clearance of dpph radicals from peeled whole lotus roots according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
Example 1
Cleaning four fresh lotus roots, peeling one lotus root, chopping, shredding and slicing the rest three lotus roots, standing the four lotus root groups at normal temperature, observing color change at intervals of 12h (0h, 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h and 72h), and performing physical and chemical analysis.
Browning change: the final result of the color change is shown in fig. 1, it can be seen that the peeled lotus root is not subjected to obvious browning, and severe browning occurs in the slicing, shredding and chopping processes during 24h storage, wherein the browning is the most severe in the chopping processes, and the browning in the slicing and chopping processes is more and more severe with the extension of the storage time, but the amplitude is very small.
Color difference change: from the color difference plots (fig. 2-4), it can be seen that the L value of peeled lotus roots did not change significantly until the end of storage, except for 12h, and after 24h, the L value was significantly higher than that of the remaining groups (P <0.05), which gradually decreased with time. Wherein the L-value of the slice treatment is significantly higher than that of shredding and chopping (P <0.05) at 12h to 48 h. Before 48h, compared with shredding, the remaining storage time is not significantly different (P >0.05) except 24h, the L value of shredding is not significantly changed in the late storage period, and the L value of shredding is slightly increased at 60h and 72 h. This is consistent with the photographing result. As can be seen from the color difference graph, the a value of the peeled lotus root is not changed greatly during the whole storage period, and the a values of the rest groups are in an ascending trend. And the a value shows a size relationship of shredding, chopping and slicing to peel and complete lotus roots within 60h, but the a value of shredding is obviously higher than that of chopping (P <0.05) within 36h, and the storage time is not obviously different (P > 0.05). The b value is similar to the a value trend.
Total number of colonies varied: the total number of the bacterial colonies represents the degree of microbial contamination of the food, and if the total number of the bacterial colonies exceeds a certain limit, the food cannot be eaten, so that the total number of the bacterial colonies determines the safety and the shelf life of the fresh-cut lotus roots. As shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that the microbial content of fresh-cut lotus roots increased during the entire storage period, and increased with the increase of the damage intensity, with a significant difference (P <0.05) between each treatment group before storage for 36h, while the microbial content thereof stabilized after storage for 36 h.
Ascorbic acid (Vc) change: vc is a necessary nutrient for human body and also an important reducing agent. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the Vc content of the fresh-cut lotus root shows a decreasing trend in the whole storage period, the Vc content of the cut lotus root group is higher than that of the rest groups and is significantly higher than that of the peeled lotus root (P <0.05), the Vc content of the cut lotus root group is reduced from 12.94mg/100g to 9.29mg/100g, the reduction rate is 28.21%, and the Vc content is lower than that of the rest groups (28.67% of cut lotus root, 45.52% of cut lotus root, 48.22% of peeled lotus root), which shows that the Vc content can be well delayed by the cutting treatment.
Total phenol change: the browning of fruits and vegetables requires the participation of phenolic substances, and the phenolic substances in lotus roots are substrates for the browning of the lotus roots. As can be seen from fig. 7, the total phenolic content of fresh-cut lotus roots showed an increasing trend throughout the storage period, wherein the phenolics of peeled whole fruits were always significantly higher than in the remaining treatment groups (P < 0.05). The accumulation of phenolic substances is rapid in the first 24 hours of slicing treatment, the total phenolic content reaches the peak value in 36 hours after the shredding and chopping treatment for 12 hours, and the phenolic substance content is basically unchanged in the later period of storage.
Change of PPO: in the enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables, PPO plays a main role, and can catalyze phenolic substances to be oxidized to form quinone substances, and the quinone substances are further polymerized to form brown, brown or black polymers. As can be seen from FIG. 8, the PPO activity of peeled whole lotus roots did not change significantly throughout the storage period and was always significantly less than the rest of the groups (P < 0.05). The PPO activity of the slicing, shredding and chopping treatment is gradually increased along with the time, and the PPO activity of the shredding treatment group is obviously higher than that of the slicing and chopping (P <0.05) in 24h to 60h and is reduced in 72 h.
PAL changes: PAL is a key enzyme in the synthesis process of plant phenolic substances and is closely related to the stress resistance and disease resistance of plants. As can be seen from fig. 9, the PAL activity of fresh-cut lotus roots was generally increased throughout the storage period. After 24h storage, the PAL activity of peeled whole lotus roots was consistently significantly lower than that of the remaining group (P < 0.05). PAL activity of the sections increased gradually with time, and was higher than that of the sections and the sections were cut at 60h and 72h, while the PAL activity of the sections and the sections were not changed significantly after storage.
POD change: POD plays a major role in the enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables, and it catalyzes H2O2The oxidation of the phenolic species produces quinones which further polymerize to form brown, brown or black polymers. As can be seen from FIG. 10, the activity of POD in the sliced, shredded and shredded portions showed an upward trend throughout the storage period, whereas the POD activity in the peeled lotus roots was not significantly changed and was significantly smaller than that in the remaining groups (P) in the latter storage period<0.05)。
Change of SOD: SOD is the key enzyme in plants to prevent oxidative stress, and can be harmful to organism-O2 -Is diverged into H2O2. As can be seen from FIG. 11, the SOD activity of fresh-cut lotus roots increased during the whole storage period, the SOD activity of peeled lotus roots was higher than that of the rest groups, and the SOD activity was smaller as the cutting damage increased. This is in contrast to the results of the study in fresh-cut pineapple. H2O2The experimental result shows that H of peeled whole lotus root2O2The content is higher than that of other groups, which shows that the SOD of the peeled lotus root can be harmful to the organism in a large amount2 -Is diverged into H2O2Thereby causing H of peeled whole lotus root2O2The content is higher than the rest groups.
Change in CAT: CAT is a key enzyme in plants to prevent oxidative stress, and CAT can convert H2O2Decomposition into H harmless to the body2And O. As can be seen from FIG. 12, the cleavage damage induced CAT activity of fresh-cut lotus roots. The CAT activity of peeled whole lotus roots was not significantly changed and was always smaller than that of the other groups during the whole storage period, and there was no significant difference between the shredding treatment and the shredding treatment (P)<0.05), the slicing treatment always showed an upward trend.
O·-2Changing: as can be seen in FIG. 13, the whole lotus roots were peeled off for the whole storage period·-2The production rate is not obviously changed, and the shredding and shredding treatment is always obviously higher than that of slicing and peeling whole lotus roots (P)<0.05). This indicates that the cutting damage can significantly induce fresh-cut lotus root O·-2The stronger the damage, the more obvious the effect.
H2O2Changing: as can be seen in FIG. 14, H2O2Peeled lotus root with approximate content>Slicing>Shredding>Size relationship of the cut pieces, and cutting processed H2O2The content is always significantly less than the rest of the group (P) after 24h<0.05). This indicates that the stronger the cutting damage, the H content in the fresh-cut lotus root2O2The lower the content, probably due to the cleavage damage induced CAT, POD activity, elimination of H2O2The reason for (1).
.OH·-Changing: as can be seen from FIG. 15, OH of freshly cut lotus root·-The generation capacity generally tends to be upward. Peeling whole lotus root OH during the whole storage period·-The forming ability was always lower than the rest of the groups and was significantly less than the shredding and chopping process (P)<0.05), there was no significant difference between the shredding and chopping treatments except for 36h (P)>0.05). This indicates that with stronger damage, OH is·-The stronger the generating capacity.
MDA change: MDA is one of indexes for evaluating membrane lipid peroxidation, and the content of MDA can measure the stress degree of plants. As can be seen from fig. 16, the MDA content of peeled lotus roots did not change significantly throughout the storage period and was always significantly less than the shredding and chopping treatment (P <0.05) except for 36h, while the shredding and chopping treatment did not differ significantly except for 60h (P > 0.05). This indicates that the higher the MDA content with increasing cleavage damage.
dpph radical clearance change: as can be seen from fig. 17, the dpph radical scavenging rate of fresh-cut lotus roots showed a rising trend overall during the whole storage period, the dpph radical scavenging rate of peeled whole lotus roots was significantly higher than that of the remaining treatment groups (P <0.05), there was no significant difference between the shredding and chopping treatments (P >0.05), and this consistent trend of change followed the rule that there was a significant correlation between the total phenol content and the oxidation resistance, compared to the trend of change of the total phenol content.
This example shows that the storage method of peeled whole lotus root has the least influence on the quality of lotus root compared with the other three cutting methods.
Example 2
The fresh lotus root with mud is purchased from the four seasons green farmer city in Wuhan city, and the variety is Eihua No. 5. The purchased lotus roots were immediately transported back to the laboratory and pre-cooled in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for 12 h. The lotus roots which are not damaged mechanically, rotten and deteriorated and are uniform in size are selected as test materials. Before the experiment, the silt on the surface of the lotus root is cleaned by clear water, the lotus root is peeled after being cut into sections by a clean sharp and bacterial-reduced stainless steel knife, then the lotus root is immediately soaked in a sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution containing 0.1% for bacterial reduction for 10min, and then the lotus root is fished out and dried in the air, and the peeled lotus root is averagely divided into two groups. Control group (CK): soaking peeled rhizoma Nelumbinis in distilled water for 5min, taking out, slightly removing surface water, packaging into PE packaging bag, sealing with plastic bag sealing machine, and storing at 20 deg.C for 72 hr. Ethephon treatment group (ET): soaking peeled rhizoma Nelumbinis in 4g/L ethephon solution for 5min, taking out, slightly throwing off ethephon solution, packaging into PE packaging bag, sealing with plastic bag sealing machine, and storing at 20 deg.C for 72 hr. The above treatment, 3 boxes were randomly taken for each group every 12h for analysis of the index required for measurement.
Influence of ethephon treatment on appearance quality of peeled lotus roots: the lotus root is browned during fresh-cut processing and storage, thereby causing the quality to be reduced. As shown in fig. 18, when the time of storage reaches 24h, the CK group peeled whole lotus roots have obvious browning, and the ET group peeled lotus roots still maintain good appearance quality when stored for 72 h. This indicates that the ethephon treatment inhibited browning of peeled lotus roots, and the lower the L value, the darker the surface, indicating the brightness of the sample surface. a represents the red-green value of the sample surface, and the higher a value indicates the redder the color of the sample surface; the lower the value of a, the greener the surface of the surface sample. b denotes the yellow-blue value of the sample surface, a higher b value indicates a more yellow color of the sample; lower values of b indicate that the sample showed a more blue color. As shown in fig. 18, L values of freshly cut lotus roots gradually decreased throughout storage, while L values of ET-treated groups were higher than CK groups, and were significantly higher than CK groups at 48h until the end of storage (P < 0.05). The a values gradually increased during storage, and the a values of the CK group were always higher than those of the ET treatment group, with significant differences except for 48h (P < 0.05). The b value of the CK group peeled lotus roots rises in the storage period, the ET treatment group is basically unchanged, and the b value of the CK group is always remarkably higher than that of the ET treatment group. The above results show that the ethephon treatment can delay the decrease of the L value, the increase of the a value and the b value, which is consistent with the photographed results, so that the ethephon treatment can inhibit the browning of the fresh-cut lotus roots.
Influence of ethephon treatment on peeled lotus rhizome phenolic substances: the phenolic compounds are substrates for browning of fruits and vegetables. As shown in fig. 19, the total phenol content of the CK group peeled lotus root generally increased, the ET group increased after first decreasing, and the total phenol content of the CK group was higher than that of the ET group during the whole storage period, and was significantly different after 24h (P < 0.05). PAL plays an important role in regulating the synthesis of phenolics in plants, and as shown in FIG. 2, PAL activity of peeled lotus roots tends to increase first and then decrease during the whole storage period. The PAL activity of ET treated group was consistently higher than that of CK group, but no significant difference was observed except 24h (P < 0.05). The overall trend of PAL activity was similar to total phenol content. PPO plays an important role in enzymatic browning, and in the presence of oxygen, PPO can catalyze phenolic substances into quinone substances which can further polymerize to further deepen the color. As can be seen from fig. 2, the PPO activity of the ET-treated group of peeled lotus roots was higher than that of the CK group throughout the storage period and was significantly different in the later period of storage (P <0.05), indicating that ethephon treatment can increase the stress resistance of peeled lotus roots by increasing the PPO activity thereof.
Influence of ethephon treatment on the active oxygen content of peeled lotus roots: OH-Is one of the most oxidizing free radicals in ROS, can react with almost all cell components, and has great harm to organisms. As can be seen from 20, OH of peeled lotus roots was observed in the CK group and ET-treated group during the whole storage period-The productivity tended to decrease and then increase, and OH of CK group at 0h-The generating capacity is obviously higher than that of an ET treatment group, which shows that a large amount of active oxygen is generated in a period of time after lotus roots are peeled; no significant difference (P) exists between the two groups between 12h and 36h>0.05), 48h and 60h CK groups were significantly higher than ET treated group (P)<0.05). As shown in FIG. 20, O of CK group2 -The production rate tended to increase first and then decrease throughout the storage period, and the ET treatment group generally tended to increase. O of CK group at earlier stage of storage2 -The production rate is significantly higher than that of ET treatment group (P)<0.05) without significant difference in the late stage of storage. H2O2When plants are stressed, they accelerate the senescence and disintegration of cells. As can be seen in FIG. 20, H for the CK group is observed over the entire storage period2O2The content of the product is generally in an ascending trend, and the ET treatment group has no significant change. And H of CK group2O2The content is obviously higher than that of ET treatment group (P)<0.05), indicating that ethephon treatment significantly inhibited H in peeled lotus roots2O2And (4) accumulation of the content. Research shows that the MDA content is an index for measuring the stress degree of plants, and the damage degree of a membrane system can be indirectly judged. As shown in FIG. 20, the MDA content of the ET-treated group was lower than that of the CK-treated group during the whole storage period, but did not significantly differ between the two groups during most of the storage period (P)>0.05). The above results show that ethephon treatment can be achieved by inhibitingPreparation of O2 -Production rate, delay H2O2Accumulation of levels, reduced accumulation of MDA levels, and thus reduced membrane damage.
Influence of ethephon treatment on POD, SOD and CAT activities of peeled lotus roots: SOD is the key enzyme in plants to prevent oxidative stress, and can be harmful to organism-O2 -Is diverged into H2O2CAT, POD will be H2O2Decomposition into H harmless to tissue2And O. As shown in fig. 21, it can be seen from the graph that POD activity of peeled lotus roots in the CK group and ET treated group was in an increasing trend during the whole storage period, and POD activity of ET treated group was always significantly higher than that of CK group, indicating that ethephon treatment significantly induces POD activity of peeled lotus roots, thereby increasing their H scavenging activity2O2The ability of the cell to perform. The SOD activity of peeled lotus roots showed a general decreasing trend as shown in FIG. 21, and there was no significant difference between the two groups except 0h (P)>0.05), but ethephon treatment still induced the SOD activity of peeled lotus roots. As can be seen from FIG. 21, the CAT activity tended to decrease and then increase throughout the storage period, and the ET-treated group showed higher activity than the CK group, but the difference was significant only at 60h (P)<0.05). The results indicated that ethephon treatment can increase the activity of POD, SOD and CAT and inhibit O2 -，H2O2Accumulation of the content and delaying the aging of the organism.
Influence of ethephon treatment on dpph radical clearance rate of peeled lotus roots: DPPH free radical clearance is one of the indexes for evaluating antioxidant capacity. As can be seen from fig. 22, the dpph radical clearance rate of peeled nelumbo nucifera was generally in an increasing trend for the CK group and ET treated group, and was smaller than that of the ET treated group throughout the storage period, as was the trend for the total phenol content, and was significantly higher for the ET treated group at 24h until the end of the storage period (P < 0.05). This indicates that ethephon treatment improves its antioxidant capacity by promoting the accumulation of phenols from peeled lotus roots.
The results of this example show that ethephon treatment can inhibit browning of peeled lotus root, effectively delay the decrease of L, activate PPO, improve the stress resistance of peeled lotus root, and prolong the storage timeIn the storage period. Meanwhile, the PAL activity is improved, and the synthesis and accumulation of phenols of peeled lotus roots are induced, so that the oxidation resistance of peeled lotus roots is improved. Research results also show that ethephon treatment can remove OH harmful to plant organism by improving activities of PPO, SOD and CAT antioxidase in peeled lotus root-，·O2 -，H2O2And the accumulation of active oxygen content is inhibited, so that the cell membrane lipid peroxidation of the peeled lotus roots is delayed. Therefore, ethephon treatment can delay the quality deterioration of the peeled lotus roots during storage.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The preservation method of peeled lotus roots is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: precooling the fresh mashed lotus roots at the temperature of 3-5 ℃ for 10-15 h;
step 2: selecting lotus roots which are not damaged by machinery, not rotten and deteriorated and are uniform in size from the precooled lotus roots in the step 1, cleaning the lotus roots, and peeling the cleaned lotus roots by using a cutter subjected to bacteria reduction treatment;
and step 3: placing the lotus roots peeled in the step 2 in a bacterium reduction solution for carrying out bacterium reduction treatment for 5-20 min;
and 4, step 4: and (4) soaking the peeled lotus roots processed in the step (3) in 3-5g/L ethephon solution for 3-6min, taking out, draining, sealing, packaging and storing at 10-25 ℃.
2. The peeled lotus root preservation method of claim 1, wherein the pre-cooling condition in step 1 is pre-cooling for 12h at 4 ℃.
3. The peeled lotus root preserving method of claim 1, wherein the sterilization treatment time in step 3 is 10 min.
4. The peeled lotus root preserving method of claim 1, wherein the sterilization solution is 0.1 wt% sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution.
5. The peeled lotus root preserving method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of the ethephon solution in step 4 is 4g/L, and the soaking time of the peeled lotus root in the ethephon solution is 5 min.
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