CN114375663A - 一种在镉铜复合污染土壤中种植蔬菜的氮肥施用方法 - Google Patents
一种在镉铜复合污染土壤中种植蔬菜的氮肥施用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- PLZFHNWCKKPCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium copper Chemical compound [Cu].[Cd] PLZFHNWCKKPCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 241000208822 Lactuca Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical group [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000001592 Amaranthus caudatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009328 Amaranthus caudatus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000219198 Brassica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003351 Brassica cretica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000221633 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003343 Brassica rupestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012735 amaranth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004178 amaranth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide Chemical compound ClCCSCCCl QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010460 mustard Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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Abstract
一种在镉铜复合污染土壤中种植蔬菜的氮肥施用方法,该施肥方法不仅可以使生菜的产量提高15.83%,而且使生菜体内的Cd含量降低5.33%;Cu含量虽提高16%,但是相较于铵态氮处理使其含量提高35.62%以及铵态氮+硝态氮处理使其含量提高18.4%,其提高的也是最少的。相比之下,施用硝态氮不仅使产量提升的多,而且其Cd、Cu含量低,绿色安全,可在重金属复合污染区域施用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农业环境领域,具体涉及一种在镉铜复合污染土壤中种植蔬菜的氮肥施用方法。
背景技术
随着工业化的发展,重金属污染问题日益加剧,一些重金属通过多种途径大量积累在农田土壤中,直接影响到在其上面所生长蔬菜的品质。近年来不断有蔬菜重金属超标的研究和报道(杨富华等,2021;仲可成等,2021)。近几十年来,科学家们成功地开发了几种降低作物重金属积累的策略,如用未污染土壤覆盖污染土壤、清洗或固化土壤重金属、培育低积累品种、实施农业管理和生物修复等(Rizwan et al.,2016)。肥料管理被广泛认为是最经济、最省时、最有效的减少作物中重金属积累的方法,同时对作物的产量的干扰也更小(Yang et al.,2016)。氮是常见的大量元素,是重要的营养和能源基质。施用氮肥不仅可以改善缺氮植物的生长,而且也可以影响根际土壤的pH,是一种提高植物提取重金属效率的农艺策略(Matraszek,2008)。植物吸收的常见氮素形式分为硝态氮、铵态氮和尿素(张琦等,2019)。然而,尿素在被植物吸收之前通常被水解为NH4 +。当硝化抑制剂抑制硝化作用时,NH4 +的吸收导致H+增多,从而使得根际pH降低,这可能增加土壤中Cd和Cu的有效性(楼玉兰等,2005)。而NO3-的吸收则相反,这使得根际pH增加。许多研究表明施加NH4 +可增加小白菜、苋菜和芥菜等对土壤的Cd积累(刘越,2015;王丽等,2020;王艳红等,2010)。相反,在土豆中是NO3 -而不是NH4 +的供应增强了植物中Cd积累(Maier et al.,2002)。很多研究都是只针对Cd这种单一重金属,对其复合重金属的污染,其氮肥调控研究较少。
发明内容
解决的技术问题:为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种在镉铜复合污染土壤中种植蔬菜的氮肥施用方法,该方法可以降低在生长在镉铜复合污染土壤上的生菜体内的中的Cd、Cu含量。
技术方案:一种在镉铜复合污染土壤中种植蔬菜的氮肥施用方法,在上述土壤中施用硝态氮肥。
优选的,上述硝态氮肥为NaNO3。
优选的,上述硝态氮肥施用量为每千克土施加NaNO3 0.607g。
优选的,上述蔬菜为生菜。
NaNO3在降低镉铜复合污染土壤中所种植蔬菜镉铜含量中的应用,硝态氮肥在生菜种植前与磷肥钾肥共同施用。
NaNO3在制备降低镉铜复合污染土壤中所种植蔬菜镉铜含量产品中的应用,该施肥方法使生菜体内的Cd含量降低5.33%,其产量提高15.83%。
有益结果:该施肥方法不仅可以使生菜的产量提高15.83%,而且使生菜体内的Cd含量降低5.33%;Cu含量虽提高16%,但是相较于铵态氮处理使其含量提高35.62%以及铵态氮+硝态氮处理使其含量提高18.4%,其提高的也是最少的。相比之下,施用硝态氮不仅使产量提升的多,而且其Cd、Cu含量低,绿色安全,可在重金属复合污染区域施用。
附图说明
图1为生菜收获后,可食部分即地上部鲜重;
图2为生菜收获后,可食用部分即地上部的Cd、Cu浓度。
具体实施方式
以下实施例进一步说明本发明的内容,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。在不背离本发明精神和实质的情况下,对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的修改和替换,均属于本发明的范围。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
实施例1
土壤盆栽实验,步骤为:准确称取镉铜复合污染土壤(全Cd为1.62mg·kg-1,全Cu为120.69mg·kg-1;CaCl2-Cd为0.31mg·kg-1,CaCl2-Cu为0.21mg·kg-1)2.5kg,施加四种不同形态氮肥:N0(即不施加氮肥)、NaNO3、NH4Cl、NaNO3+NH4Cl。NaNO3和NH4Cl处理的施氮量均为每千克土100mg氮,NaNO3+NH4Cl处理的施氮量为:NaNO3和NH4Cl各每千克50mg氮。双氰胺的施加量分为每千克土0mg和每千克土10mg。
所有的盆栽均施加磷肥:每千克土施加磷肥KH2PO4 0.2197g;每千克土施加钾肥K2SO40.0822g。生菜种植方式为撒播,在出苗10天后进行间苗,每盆都留下8棵生长状况一致的生菜。培养两个月后,进行生菜可食部分生物量的测定。测定结果如图1所示,添加硝化抑制剂DCD后,所有处理的生菜地上部鲜重均增加;但是在不添加硝化抑制剂DCD的情况下,NaNO3和NaNO3+NH4Cl处理的生菜地上部鲜重最高,且这两种处理的鲜重无显著差异。同时对地上部的Cd、Cu含量进行测定,结果如图2所示,添加DCD后,除NH4Cl处理外,其余处理的地上部Cd、Cu含量均较不添加DCD的要高;在不添加DCD的情况下,NaNO3处理的生菜地上部Cd含量最低。表1为生菜收获后,其根际土壤pH、土壤铵态氮浓度和硝态浓度,以及CaCl2浸提的Cd、Cu含量:
表1
Claims (6)
1.一种在镉铜复合污染土壤中种植蔬菜的氮肥施用方法,其特征在于,在上述土壤中施用硝态氮肥。
2.根据权利要求1所述在镉铜复合污染土壤中种植蔬菜的氮肥施用方法,其特征在于,所述硝态氮肥为NaNO3。
3.根据权利要求1所述在镉铜复合污染土壤中种植蔬菜的氮肥施用方法,其特征在于,所述硝态氮肥施用量为每千克土施加NaNO3 0.607g。
4.根据权利要求1所述在镉铜复合污染土壤中种植蔬菜的氮肥施用方法,其特征在于,所述蔬菜为生菜。
5.NaNO3在降低镉铜复合污染土壤中所种植蔬菜镉铜含量中的应用,所述的硝态氮肥在生菜种植前与磷肥钾肥共同施用。
6.NaNO3在制备降低镉铜复合污染土壤中所种植蔬菜镉铜含量产品中的应用。
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