CN114371583A - Femtosecond laser ultra-wideband high-efficiency frequency multiplier based on single nonlinear crystal - Google Patents

Femtosecond laser ultra-wideband high-efficiency frequency multiplier based on single nonlinear crystal Download PDF

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CN114371583A
CN114371583A CN202111634702.1A CN202111634702A CN114371583A CN 114371583 A CN114371583 A CN 114371583A CN 202111634702 A CN202111634702 A CN 202111634702A CN 114371583 A CN114371583 A CN 114371583A
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crystal
polarization
lithium niobate
period
frequency multiplier
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李志远
李铭洲
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/353—Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
    • G02F1/3544—Particular phase matching techniques
    • G02F1/3548—Quasi phase matching [QPM], e.g. using a periodic domain inverted structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/355—Non-linear optics characterised by the materials used
    • G02F1/3551—Crystals

Abstract

The invention discloses a femtosecond laser ultra-wideband high-efficiency frequency multiplier based on a single nonlinear crystal, wherein the single nonlinear crystal adopts a chirp period polarization lithium niobate crystal doped with 5% magnesium oxide, the design of the crystal structure comprises the control of a polarization period, a polarization period chirp degree, a polarization period duty ratio, the crystal length and the like, the maximum effective nonlinear coefficient of the lithium niobate crystal can be used by utilizing a quasi-phase matching technology, the quasi-phase matching of different orders can be simultaneously used, the crystal angle or the polarization of laser does not need to be changed when the laser pump is pumped at different wavelengths, and the secondary harmonic with high efficiency can be simultaneously generated. Through the design of the crystal, the ultra-wideband frequency multiplier based on the single nonlinear crystal is realized, the structure is simple, the operation and the maintenance are easy, and the defects of low efficiency, complex structure, difficult debugging, low stability and the like of the conventional wideband frequency multiplier are overcome.

Description

Femtosecond laser ultra-wideband high-efficiency frequency multiplier based on single nonlinear crystal
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of strong laser nonlinear frequency conversion, and relates to an ultra-wideband femtosecond laser frequency multiplier of an ultraviolet-visible-near infrared band, which utilizes a chirped periodically polarized lithium niobate crystal as a nonlinear crystal, in particular to a femtosecond laser ultra-wideband high-efficiency frequency multiplier based on a single nonlinear crystal.
Background
Linear frequency conversion has become an important means for expanding laser wavelength, however, the existing devices can only carry out nonlinear frequency conversion on monochromatic laser or laser with narrow-band spectrum, and cannot realize high-efficiency frequency doubling of femtosecond pulse laser of each waveband. Usually, a crystal birefringence phase matching technology is utilized to realize frequency conversion, however, in order to realize complete phase matching, extremely high requirements are imposed on many parameters such as angle, temperature, polarization and the like of a laser incident crystal, so that on one hand, the tuning performance of the parameters is poor, and meanwhile, the problem of space walk-off exists; on the other hand, for laser light of different wavelengths, parameters to be set are different, and therefore, in order to obtain energy conversion in different wavelength bands, the parameters have to be set again, which makes the practical application very cumbersome. Therefore, by using the nonlinear crystal with the chirp period and combining the quasi-phase matching technology, the laser in a wider waveband can realize high-efficiency frequency multiplication in the same nonlinear polarization crystal, and simultaneously, the crystal angle, the temperature, the angle, the polarization and other parameters of the incident laser do not need to be changed in the wavelength tuning process, the maximum nonlinear polarization rate of the crystal can be utilized, and the spatial walk-off effect can be eliminated. In order to further expand the multiple frequency bandwidth in a single nonlinear polarization crystal, the research process of the invention at least finds that the quasi-phase matching of different orders can be simultaneously utilized by regulating and controlling the polarization period duty ratio of the polarization crystal, so that the nonlinear bandwidth which is originally wider than the broadband can be expanded greatly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a femtosecond laser ultra-wideband high-efficiency frequency multiplier based on a single nonlinear crystal. The frequency multiplier can simultaneously realize the high-efficiency frequency multiplication of the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared band femtosecond pulse laser, and has convenient use; the structure is controllable; flexible design; the defects of insufficient bandwidth, difficult tuning, inconvenient operation and use, high maintenance requirement and the like of the traditional frequency multiplier are overcome.
The purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
according to a quasi-phase matching principle, by designing various parameters of a nonlinear crystal, a periodically polarized crystal with inverted lattice vector distribution meeting ultraviolet-visible-near infrared band frequency multiplication requirements for phase compensation is obtained, the nonlinear crystal is a 5% MgO-doped chirped periodically polarized lithium niobate crystal, the cutting direction of the nonlinear crystal is cut along the z direction of the crystal, and the parameters of the nonlinear crystal comprise polarization period length, polarization period chirp degree, duty ratio, crystal length and the like.
The chirp period polarized lithium niobate crystal comprises a series of domain structures with different lengths, wherein each domain structure in the series of domain structures comprises a pair of positive domains and negative domains with opposite polarization directions, the lengths of the series of domain structures are changed along the light propagation direction according to continuous chirp change, the proportion of the lengths of the positive domains to the lengths of the domain structures is a polarization period duty ratio D, and the polarization period duty ratio is fixed in the light passing direction of the whole crystal.
Furthermore, the chirped periodically-polarized lithium niobate crystal is in a cuboid shape, the upper surface and the lower surface of the chirped periodically-polarized lithium niobate crystal are parallel and polished, the length and the width of the chirped periodically-polarized lithium niobate crystal are 20mm x 6mm, and the thickness of the chirped periodically-polarized lithium niobate crystal is 1-2 mm. Because of the limitation of the polarization technology, the polarization thickness which can achieve a good effect at home at present is 1-2 mm, so that the proper thickness is selected according to the size of a femtosecond laser spot; in order to obtain a wide enough inverse grignard band, the chirped polarization period needs the crystal to have a certain length, and different lengths can affect the inverse grignard band and thus the working bandwidth of the chirped period polarized lithium niobate crystal, so that the length of the crystal is selected to be 20 mm.
Further, in the chirped periodically poled lithium niobate crystal, the geometrical length of a series of domain structures in the z direction is represented by Λ (z) ═ l++l-＝Λ0/[1+(DgΛ0z/2π)]Determining, wherein z is the initial position coordinate of the corresponding domain structure in the z direction, the z direction is the light propagation direction, l+、l-Respectively, positive and negative domains, wherein0Polarization period, D, required for the maximum wavelength in the frequency doubling wavelength range corresponding to the frequency doubler in the application of the quasi-phase matching techniquegIs the chirp degree. When the geometrical length of the chirp period polarized lithium niobate crystal in the z direction is 20mm, the chirp degree is Dc＝60×10-6μm-2Then the corresponding polarization period Λ (z) can be reduced from 23.6 μm to 20 μm along the z direction, and the chirped period polarized lithium niobate crystal can provide a sufficiently wide inverted lattice vector band required for frequency doubling of the 700-1700nm band.
Further, the nonlinear coefficients of the chirped periodically-polarized lithium niobate crystal are distribution with the period reduced along the propagation direction, after fourier series expansion is performed on the nonlinear coefficient distribution, fourier series of different orders correspond to different quasi-phase matching orders, and equivalent polarization period lengths of different orders are correspondingly obtained: lambdam(z)＝Λ(z)/m＝(l++l-) And/m, wherein the reciprocal lattice vector bands of equivalent polarization periods of different orders can generate required phase mismatch corresponding to frequency multiplication of different wavelengths. The size of the equivalent nonlinear coefficient corresponding to the quasi-phase matching of different orders is influenced by the duty ratio D, and different reciprocal lattice vector distributions can be obtained for different duty ratios D. When the duty ratio D is 50%, the equivalent nonlinear coefficient of all even-order quasi-phase matching pairs becomes 0, and the operating bandwidth of the chirp period polarized lithium niobate crystal is small. When the duty ratio D is 36%, the inverse lattice vector distribution of 1-12 orders can be relatively uniform, so that the chirp period polarized lithium niobate crystal can provide a sufficiently wide inverse lattice vector band required by 700-1700nm waveband frequency doubling.
Further, the polarization period Λ0Chirp degree DgThe length L of the chirped polarized lithium niobate crystal, the polarization period duty ratio D and the quasi-phase matching order m are combined by different numerical values according to the required frequency doubling wavelength range, so that each order reciprocal lattice vector band of the femtosecond laser ultra-wideband high-efficiency frequency multiplier is presented as a series of corresponding incident femtosecond laser wavelength from long to short along with the order from low to highAnd the inverted lattice vector band of phase mismatch in the column frequency doubling process can simultaneously provide effective phase compensation for ultraviolet-visible-near infrared band frequency conversion in a single nonlinear crystal. Polarization period Λ0Determining the minimum value of the reciprocal lattice vector band; degree of chirp DgThe length L of the chirp polarization lithium niobate crystal is selected, so that the inverted lattice vector has a wide enough bandwidth; the polarization period duty ratio D can reduce the interval between the inverted lattice vector bands of different quasi-phase matching orders m and even ensure certain overlap, so that the inverted lattice vector bands provided by the chirp period polarization lithium niobate crystal support the frequency doubling of a wave band of 700-1700 nm.
Further, the quasi-phase matching condition satisfied by the chirped periodically-polarized lithium niobate crystal requires that the femtosecond pulse laser is a vertically incident nonlinear crystal, the nonlinear crystal is cut in the z direction of the crystal, and the polarization direction of the incident light is e polarization. When the incident light is e-polarized, the polarization of the frequency-doubled light generated by the quasi-phase matching frequency doubling process is also e-polarized, and the laser of the vertically incident chirp period lithium niobate crystal cannot generate a spatial walk-off effect due to the cutting in the z direction, so that the transmission directions of the incident laser and the emergent laser are kept consistent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) the invention designs a novel frequency doubling device based on a chirp period polarization crystal structure from the principle of a quasi-phase matching technology, and the device can simultaneously realize frequency doubling light output of ultraviolet-visible-near infrared bands in a single nonlinear crystal.
(2) The invention uses the quasi-phase matching technology, so that the parameters of the incident angle, the polarization and the like of the incident laser do not need to be changed in the using process, the complex light path requirement is avoided, and the polarization of the output laser is kept the same as that of the incident laser. Meanwhile, compared with a birefringent crystal or a fixed period polarization crystal, the chirp period polarization crystal is used, more phase mismatch compensation can be provided in the same direction, different-order quasi-phase matching can be used simultaneously, the original bandwidth can be further expanded, the working bandwidth is extremely large, 700-1700nm laser can be subjected to frequency doubling, and the generated second harmonic can cover more than one octave. The incident laser used by the invention is femtosecond laser, and because the femtosecond laser has extremely short pulse duration, the single-pulse laser has extremely high power density, so that in the chirp period lithium niobate crystal, the efficiency of the invention for generating frequency doubling laser is higher than that of a system using continuous light.
(3) The invention realizes the function which can be realized by a complex optical path system in the past in a single crystal, compared with a common tunable OPA system, the invention does not need complex program control, optical path setting and larger occupied area, and simultaneously the stability is obviously improved, thereby greatly reducing the cost and being beneficial to industrialization.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a partial schematic view of chirped polarized lithium niobate in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a spectrum diagram of incident and emergent lithium niobate crystals at a fundamental wavelength of 700-1100nm in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a spectrum diagram of incident and emergent lithium niobate crystals at a fundamental wavelength of 1100-;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the inverted lattice vector 1-12 distribution of a chirped periodically poled lithium niobate crystal in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the reciprocal lattice vector distribution of a chirped periodically poled lithium niobate crystal and the phase mismatch of a broadband incident femtosecond laser in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a frequency spectrum diagram of the frequency-doubled wave emitted under the incident of the fundamental wavelength of 700-1100nm in the embodiment of the present invention, where the number represents the quasi-phase matching order used;
FIG. 7 is a frequency spectrum diagram of the harmonic frequency spectrum emitted under the incident of the fundamental wavelength of 1100-1700nm in the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the number represents the quasi-phase matching order used;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the conversion efficiency of the second harmonic corresponding to different incident light pulse wavelengths in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
The invention provides a femtosecond laser ultra-wideband high-efficiency frequency doubling device based on a nonlinear crystal, wherein the nonlinear crystal is a lithium niobate crystal with chirp period polarization, and the cutting direction of the crystal is vertical to the z axis of the crystal. As shown in fig. 1, the chirped polarized lithium niobate crystal includes a series of domain structures with different lengths, where the series of domain structures includes a pair of positive domains and negative domains with opposite polarization directions, the lengths of the series of domain structures vary along the light propagation direction according to a continuous chirp change, the proportion of the lengths of the positive domains to the lengths of the domain structures is a polarization period duty ratio D, and the polarization period duty ratio is a fixed size in the whole crystal light passing direction. The continuous chirp variation here refers to a series of domain structures that are taken from small to large or from large to small along the function curve of the chirp variation.
The chirp period polarization lithium niobate crystal is in a cuboid shape, the upper surface and the lower surface of the crystal are parallel and polished, the length and the width of the crystal are 20mm x 6mm, and the thickness of the crystal is 1-2 mm.
In the chirped and polarized lithium niobate crystal, the geometrical length of a series of domain structures in the z direction is represented by Λ (z) ═ l++l-＝Λ0/[1+(DgΛ0z/2π)]Determining, wherein z is the initial position coordinate of the corresponding domain structure in the z direction, the z direction is the light propagation direction, l+、l-Respectively, positive and negative domains, wherein0For the application of quasi-phase matching technologyIn use, the polarization period, D, required by the maximum wavelength in the frequency doubling wavelength range corresponding to the frequency doublergIs the chirp degree.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, in the present embodiment, the wavelengths of the incident femtosecond pulse laser beams are 700 to 1100nm and 1100 to 1700nm, respectively. If the thickness of the chirped polarized lithium niobate is 2mm, a proper polarization period lambda needs to be searched0Chirp degree DgThe duty ratio D, the chirp polarization lithium niobate length L and the quasi-phase matching order m are combined by different numerical values according to the required frequency doubling wavelength range, so that each order reciprocal lattice vector of the femtosecond pulse laser ultra-wideband frequency multiplier is presented as a reciprocal lattice vector band of phase mismatch in a series of frequency doubling processes corresponding to the incident femtosecond laser wavelength from long to short along with the order from low to high, and effective phase compensation can be simultaneously provided for ultraviolet-visible-near infrared band frequency conversion in a single crystal.
As shown in FIG. 3, the initial polarization period Λ is set023.6 μm, chirp Dc＝60×10-6μm-2The length L of the chirped polarized lithium niobate crystal is 20mm, the duty ratio D is 36%, and the quasi-phase matching order m is 1-12. As shown in FIG. 4, the reciprocal lattice vector provided by the chirped period polarized lithium niobate of the parameter combination can compensate the phase mismatch of the frequency doubling of the 700-1700nm band pulse laser. Fig. 6 and 7 show the fundamental frequency optical wave spectrum and the frequency doubling optical wave spectrum emitted from the end of the chirped and polarized lithium niobate thin film under different incident optical pulse wavelengths, and it can be seen that the incident femtosecond pulse laser well realizes frequency doubling of the full spectrum segment. Fig. 8 shows the second harmonic conversion efficiency under different incident light pulse wavelengths, and it can be seen that the designed chirped polarized lithium niobate crystal can well realize the ultra-wide band efficient frequency doubling of the femtosecond pulse laser.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A femtosecond laser ultra-wideband high-efficiency frequency multiplier based on a single nonlinear crystal is based on a quasi-phase matching technology and used for generating ultraviolet-visible-near infrared frequency-doubled light, and is characterized in that the nonlinear crystal is a 5% MgO-doped chirped periodically polarized lithium niobate crystal;
the chirp period polarized lithium niobate crystal comprises a series of domain structures with different lengths, wherein each domain structure in the series of domain structures respectively comprises a pair of positive domains and negative domains with opposite polarization directions, the lengths of the series of domain structures are changed along the light propagation direction according to continuous chirp change, the proportion of the lengths of the positive domains to the lengths of the domain structures is a polarization period duty ratio D, and the polarization period duty ratio is fixed in the light passing direction of the whole crystal.
2. The femtosecond laser ultra-wideband high-efficiency frequency multiplier according to claim 1, wherein the chirped periodically-polarized lithium niobate crystal is in a cuboid shape, the upper surface and the lower surface of the crystal are parallel and polished, the length and the width of the crystal are 20mm x 6mm, and the thickness of the crystal is 1-2 mm.
3. The femtosecond laser ultra-wideband high-efficiency frequency multiplier according to claim 1, wherein in the chirped periodically poled lithium niobate crystal, the geometrical length of a series of domain structures in the z direction is defined by Λ (z) ═ l++l-＝Λ0/[1+(DgΛ0z/2π)]Determining, wherein z is the initial position coordinate of the corresponding domain structure in the z direction, the z direction is the light propagation direction, l+、l-Respectively, positive and negative domains, wherein0Polarization period, D, required for the maximum wavelength in the frequency doubling wavelength range corresponding to the frequency doubler in the application of the quasi-phase matching techniquegIs the chirp degree.
4. The femtosecond laser ultra-wideband high-efficiency frequency multiplier according to claim 3, wherein the nonlinear coefficient of the chirped periodically-polarized lithium niobate crystal is a distribution in which the period decreases along the propagation direction,after Fourier series expansion is carried out on the nonlinear coefficient distribution, Fourier series of different orders correspond to different quasi-phase matching orders, and equivalent polarization period lengths of different orders are correspondingly obtained: lambdam(z)＝Λ(z)/m＝(l++l-) And/m, wherein the reciprocal lattice vector bands of equivalent polarization periods of different orders can generate required phase mismatch corresponding to frequency multiplication of different wavelengths.
5. The femtosecond laser ultra-wideband high-efficiency frequency multiplier according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the polarization period Λ is0Chirp degree DgThe length L of the chirped polarized lithium niobate crystal, the polarization period duty ratio D and the quasi-phase matching order m are combined by different numerical values according to a required frequency doubling wavelength range, so that each order reciprocal lattice vector band of the femtosecond laser ultra-wideband high-efficiency frequency multiplier is presented as a reciprocal lattice vector band of phase mismatch in a series of frequency doubling processes corresponding to the length of an incident femtosecond laser wavelength from long to short along with the order from low to high, and effective phase compensation can be simultaneously provided for ultraviolet-visible-near infrared band frequency conversion in a single nonlinear crystal.
6. The femtosecond laser ultra-wideband high-efficiency frequency multiplier according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the quasi-phase matching condition satisfied by the chirped periodically-polarized lithium niobate crystal requires that the femtosecond pulse laser is a vertically incident nonlinear crystal, the nonlinear crystal is crystal z-direction cut, and the polarization direction of incident light is e-polarization.
CN202111634702.1A 2021-12-29 2021-12-29 Femtosecond laser ultra-wideband high-efficiency frequency multiplier based on single nonlinear crystal Pending CN114371583A (en)

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Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW201234727A (en) * 2011-02-01 2012-08-16 Arima Lasers Corp Second-harmonic generation nonliner frenquency converter
CN105573009A (en) * 2016-02-04 2016-05-11 南京邮电大学 Method for increasing bandwidth of quasi-phase matching frequency multiplication conversion
CN110568694A (en) * 2019-08-05 2019-12-13 山东大学 frequency converter based on ridge-type lithium niobate single crystal thin film waveguide integrated periodic domain inversion structure and preparation method thereof
WO2020220391A1 (en) * 2019-04-30 2020-11-05 山东大学 Visible to ultraviolet band optical frequency converter
CN113820901A (en) * 2021-08-26 2021-12-21 华南理工大学 On-chip integrated frequency doubling device and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW201234727A (en) * 2011-02-01 2012-08-16 Arima Lasers Corp Second-harmonic generation nonliner frenquency converter
CN105573009A (en) * 2016-02-04 2016-05-11 南京邮电大学 Method for increasing bandwidth of quasi-phase matching frequency multiplication conversion
WO2020220391A1 (en) * 2019-04-30 2020-11-05 山东大学 Visible to ultraviolet band optical frequency converter
CN110568694A (en) * 2019-08-05 2019-12-13 山东大学 frequency converter based on ridge-type lithium niobate single crystal thin film waveguide integrated periodic domain inversion structure and preparation method thereof
CN113820901A (en) * 2021-08-26 2021-12-21 华南理工大学 On-chip integrated frequency doubling device and preparation method thereof

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Title
LINGZHI PENG ET AL: "Theoretical solution of second-harmonic generation in periodically poled lithium niobate and chirped periodically poled lithium niobate thin film via quasi-phase-matching", 《PHYSICAL REVIEW A》 *

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