CN103605248B - Based on the Enhancement Method of the frequency multiplication of periodic polarized lithium niobate - Google Patents
Based on the Enhancement Method of the frequency multiplication of periodic polarized lithium niobate Download PDFInfo
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- CN103605248B CN103605248B CN201310597494.1A CN201310597494A CN103605248B CN 103605248 B CN103605248 B CN 103605248B CN 201310597494 A CN201310597494 A CN 201310597494A CN 103605248 B CN103605248 B CN 103605248B
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Abstract
A kind of Enhancement Method of the frequency multiplication based on periodic polarized lithium niobate of optical information processing technical field, first room temperature electrical-poling is carried out to lithium columbate crystal, on+Z the face of crystal, negative farmland area change electricdomain polarised direction, carries out vacuum coating sputtering electrode in the Y-direction both sides of crystal; Then to crystal carry out ordinary light-struck simultaneously with high-voltage power supply to the Y-direction both sides making alive of lithium columbate crystal, realize the enhancing of ordinary light frequency multiplication by the slow light effect produced.The present invention initiates and the increase of the effective luminous power caused by the technology of quasi-phase matched (QPM) and slow light effect is combined.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of method of optical information processing technical field, is specifically related to a kind of Enhancement Method of the frequency multiplication based on periodic polarized lithium niobate.
Background technology
Since laser technology is born, nonlinear frequency conversion technology and Technology of Slow Light are the focuses of research always.Quasi-phase matching (QPM) based on period polarized nonlinear crystal widens one of effective, the most the most frequently used way of laser tunable wavelength.Conventional period polarized nonlinear crystal has: LiNbO
3(PPLN), LiTaO
3and KTP etc.Quasi-phase matching and artificial manufacturing cycle polarization reversal grating in nonlinear crystal, carry out periodic modulation to the nonlinear factor of crystal, thus meet the condition of phase matching.In frequency convener technology, frequency multiplication (SHG) technology is most widely used.LiNbO
3crystal is uniaxial negative crystal, has two kinds of frequency multiplication modes, 0 type frequency multiplication and I type frequency multiplication.0 type frequency multiplication refers to that the fundamental frequency light of participation frequency multiplication process and frequency doubled light are all incident or propagation with extraordinary ray (E light, ExtraordinaryLight) in crystal; I type frequency multiplication refers to that the fundamental frequency light participating in frequency multiplication process is with ordinary light (O light, OrdinaryLight), and frequency doubled light is incident or propagation with extraordinary ray.The nonlinear factor that 0 type frequency multiplication uses is d
31, the high still narrow bandwidth of shg efficiency; The nonlinear factor that I type frequency multiplication uses is d
33, octave band is wide, but efficiency is low.What two kinds of frequencys multiplication produced is all extraordinary ray.Slow light effect, as the very important characteristic of photonic crystal one, may be used for realizing time delay, increasing phase shift and strengthen nonlinear effect etc.
Through finding the retrieval of prior art, the people such as F.LU in 2007 are at " ElectronicsLetters " (43,2007) upper " Broadcastwavelengthconversionbasedoncascaded (2) nonlinearityinMgO-dopedperiodicallypoledLiNbO3 " (" second order nonlinear coefficient multi-wavelength converter based on periodic polarized lithium columbate crystal ") literary composition, wherein have employed nonlinear frequency multiplication process.Although have employed Quasi phase matched technology (QPM), simultaneously, because frequency doubling nonlinear coefficient is little, very high pumping light power is needed just can to obtain considerable conversion efficiency.
The people such as KunLiu in 2010 are at " AppliedPhysicsLetters " (97,2010) " Activecontrolofgroupvelocitybyuseoffoldeddielectricaxess tructures " (" utilizing the group velocity of stack of dielectric axle construction to regulate and control ") literary composition has been delivered on, this article describes and utilizes in periodically poled lithium niobate crystal PPLN, make the optical axis on the positive farmland of crystal and negative farmland form one-period by additional horizontal Y-direction electric field to wave, thus the polarization direction of the emergent light after each farmland is changed.After N number of farmland that experience is suitable, the polarization direction of emergent light is vertical with time incident, thus forms forbidden band.Also show in article, utilize this forbidden band, slower group velocity can be formed.
Contrast above-mentioned quasi-phase matched frequency convener technology and group velocity control method list of references, this patent proposes to make a kind of periodic structure, impressed voltage structuring one-dimensional electric light photonic crystal, realize the slow light effect of above-mentioned two kinds of frequency multiplication modes based on Quasi phase matched and group velocity regulation and control formation simultaneously, strengthen the method design of second order nonlinear effect to reach, solve the problem of the low and E optical sccond-harmonic generation narrow bandwidth of O optical sccond-harmonic generation efficiency.
Through finding the retrieval of prior art, Chinese patent literature CN102338966A, publication date 2012-02-01, disclose the Quasi phase matched frequency multiplier that a kind of polarization is irrelevant, this technology comprises the depolarizer and period 1 property poled lithium Niobate sheet and Secondary periodicity poled lithium Niobate sheet put successively in the optical path; Wherein, described period 1 property poled lithium Niobate sheet is identical with described Secondary periodicity poled lithium Niobate sheet optical property, the lithium columbate crystal being respectively Z-direction cutting is made through room temperature electrical-poling, and described room temperature electrical-poling is negative farmland area change electricdomain polarised direction on the+Z face of lithium niobate crystal wafers; The direction of described light path is the x direction in x-y-z coordinate system; In the z-direction, the c-axis of described Secondary periodicity poled lithium Niobate sheet in the y-direction for the c-axis of described period 1 property poled lithium Niobate sheet.But the defect of this technology is its complex structure, could must be realized by two pieces of PPLN wafers.And 0 type frequency multiplication can only be reached, because the narrower and pumping wavelength of 0 type frequency multiplication bandwidth is fixed, so the wavelength of frequency doubled light is non-adjustable, be difficult to meet existing industrial requirement.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to prior art above shortcomings, a kind of Enhancement Method of the frequency multiplication based on periodic polarized lithium niobate is proposed, based on two kinds of frequency-doubled effects, after making alive, O light can transfer E light to, the shg efficiency of E light is much larger than O light, O light, E light intercouple and can produce slower rays simultaneously, can strengthen frequency multiplication further.So the shg efficiency of O light can be made to be strengthened greatly.And then pass through the cycle and the temperature that change periodic polarized lithium columbate crystal, the wavelength location simultaneously realizing O, E light and forbidden band can be changed, the position that can frequency multiplication be regulated in broadband SHG to strengthen.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, and first the present invention carries out room temperature electrical-poling to lithium columbate crystal, and on+Z the face of crystal, negative farmland area change electricdomain polarised direction, carries out vacuum coating sputtering electrode in the Y-direction both sides of crystal; Then to crystal carry out ordinary light-struck simultaneously with high-voltage power supply to the Y-direction both sides making alive of lithium columbate crystal, realize the enhancing of ordinary light frequency multiplication by the slow light effect produced.
The cycle that described electric field polarization adopts obtains in the following manner:
1) determine the polarization cycle Λ simultaneously met required for quasi-phase matched bar, namely meet:
Wherein: λ is the wavelength of fundamental wave,
for the refractive index of first-harmonic E light,
for the refractive index of first-harmonic O light,
for the refractive index of frequency multiplication E light, Λ
0for the cycle of I type frequency multiplication, Λ
1be the cycle of 0 type frequency multiplication, Λ
2for the cycle in forbidden band.
2) because O light broadband SHG not only requires quasi-phase matched, also require Group-velocity Matching, the namely required cycle is at the point of contact place of Λ-λ relation curve; Therefore matlab software simulation Λ is used
0, Λ
1and Λ
2with the graph of a relation of λ, can in the hope of the intersection point in three cycles, the cycle that intersection point is corresponding then can realize O, E light frequency multiplication and forbidden band simultaneously; By changing temperature, different intersection points can be obtained; And intersection point can be allowed to drop on Λ at a certain specific temperature
1the point of contact place of-λ curve, the temperature that this point is corresponding and cycle, then can realize simultaneously the broadband of O light doubly, E optical sccond-harmonic generation and forbidden band, be cycle of wanting required for the present invention and temperature.
Described room temperature electrical-poling refers to: adopt room temperature Polarization technique, according to sex reversal performance period in cycle obtained, obtain periodic polarized lithium columbate crystal (PPLN).
Described vacuum coating sputtering electrode refers to: adopt vacuum coating equipment to adopt the method for sputtering to plate electrode in the Y-direction both sides of periodic polarized lithium columbate crystal.
Described ordinary light irradiates and refers to: by the temperature that accurately controls environment, adopt outgoing fundamental frequency light in continuously adjustable laser instrument, produce ordinary light through polarization splitting prism (PBS) and incide plane of crystal, high-voltage power supply is alive to the Y-direction both sides of lithium columbate crystal while, the frequency doubled light intensity of outgoing is measured by light power meter.
The fundamental frequency light wavelength of described laser instrument is 1518-1627nm, and optical direction is x direction.
The enhancing of described ordinary light frequency multiplication refers to: adopt output voltage to be no more than the Y-direction making alive of high-voltage power supply at lithium columbate crystal of 10KV, O optical sccond-harmonic generation is strengthened by the slow light effect produced, O light can portions turn be also E light simultaneously, the shg efficiency of E light is much larger than O light, so the shg efficiency of O light can be improved further, be specially: when ignoring the transition loss of fundamental light wave to frequency multiplication light wave, the maximum multiple can deriving frequency multiplication enhancing is:
wherein: S is the multiple that slower rays strengthens, d
33be the nonlinear factor that 0 type frequency multiplication is, d
31for the nonlinear factor that I type frequency multiplication uses.
Technique effect
Compared with prior art, technique effect of the present invention comprises:
1, under the prerequisite not changing wavelength convert output spectra and bandwidth, the conversion efficiency higher than former frequency multiplication scheme can be realized near certain wavelength in broadband.
2, control with the temperature crossing temperature controlling stove, and the size of the voltage applied, can well the O light broadband SHG of the frequency multiplication process realized under slow group velocity and lithium columbate crystal itself and E light efficient frequency doubling be combined.
3, cycle and the temperature of periodic polarized lithium columbate crystal is changed, the wavelength location simultaneously realizing O, E light and forbidden band can be changed, the position that can frequency multiplication be regulated in broadband SHG to strengthen, namely can make the broadband SHG of O light and E light efficient frequency doubling well be combined.
4, frequency multiplication can be realized strengthen under low light condition.
5, slower rays can be strengthened frequency multiplication and be generalized to the non-linear process such as enhancing and frequency, difference frequency, parametric oscillation.
6, realize structure simple, the wafer of a needs PPLN just can realize frequency multiplication to be strengthened, and can be changed the size of frequency multiplication enhancing by the size of regulation voltage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the present invention realizes the antetype device of the one dimension electric light photonic crystal strengthening second nonlinear;
Fig. 2 is the fundamental diagram of shown device;
In figure: the tunable laser that fundamental frequency light can regulate from wavelength coverage within the scope of 1518-1627nm exports, incide on polarization splitting prism through collimating apparatus (Collimator), form the surface that ordinary light incides PPLN, the Y-direction making alive of PPLN, the temperature accurately controled environment, E optical sccond-harmonic generation and forbidden band can be realized in the broadband SHG of O light, reach the effect strengthening O optical sccond-harmonic generation.The output power light power meter of frequency doubled light is measured.
Embodiment
Elaborate to embodiments of the invention below, the present embodiment is implemented under premised on technical solution of the present invention, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Below in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, embodiments of the invention are elaborated.
1) choosing a slice size is 30 × 10 × 0.5mm, and namely thickness is that the 5%mol of 0.5mm mixes magnesium Z and cuts lithium columbate crystal.The equal polishing of +/-Z of crystal, wherein+Z face and plane-parallel towards Z axis positive dirction ,-Z face and plane-parallel towards Z axis negative direction.
2) periods lambda required for quasi-phase matched condition is met with Matlab software simulation:
Wherein: the scope of λ is 1518-1627nm, and refractive index can be obtained by Sellmeier equation.
When the temperature obtaining wafer is 15.15 DEG C, E light can in O light broadband SHG center frequency multiplication, the cycle that simultaneously can realize O, E optocoupler merging generation slower rays in this position is 19.5 μm, wherein: the scope of O light broadband SHG is: 1.537-1.558 μm, E optical sccond-harmonic generation and forbidden band centre wavelength are 1.549 μm.
3) according to the cycle obtained, room temperature polarization is carried out to crystal, specific as follows:
First according to the cycle fabrication cycle electrode mask plate calculated; Carry out orientation by the pyroelectric effect of crystal, determine+Z the face of wafer; Wafer is cleaned, ensures surperficial no-sundries; With the method for ion beam sputtering wafer+Z-direction plated electrode; On the metal film of plane of crystal, etch the geometric figure completely corresponding with mask plate, to realize the object that selectivity diffusion and metallic film connect up, photoetching has following seven main process: gluing, front baking, exposure, development, corrode and remove photoresist; Design polarized circuit, the electrode configuration of electric field polarization adopts the mode of liquid electrode contact usually; Finally polarize with high voltage pulse electric field, in the region, farmland having electrode, the coercive field utilizing high-voltage electric field to overcome crystals makes the spontaneous polarization direction of the electricdomain in this region, farmland reverse; In region, electrodeless farmland, the polarised direction of electricdomain still keeps original direction, wherein, and+Z face and plane-parallel towards z-axis positive dirction.External electric field used is high voltage pulse electric field, coercive field due to lithium columbate crystal is 21kv/mm, so be applied to peak impulse voltage on lithium niobate crystal chip that thickness is 0.5mm to be greater than 10.5kv/mm, the length of recurrence interval is amassed relevant with the real surface of number of times and electrode, obtains by formulae discovery below:
Wherein: I
polfor polarization current, Q is the transport charge of plane of crystal, t
polit is the polarization time.
4) the wafer plating Y-direction electrode polarized is given, specific as follows:
First be coated with the photoresist of thick layer 1 μm in the +/-Z face of the crystal polarized and +/-X face, sample put on the pad of vacuum sputtering machines (target of use is silver) chamber central authorities; Vacuumize, first use mechanical pump, sample chamber pressure is reduced to 5Pa; Spatter substrate (lithium niobate) in advance at power 200W, 4 minutes time; Close shielding power supply, cool after 5 minutes, open vacuum chamber taking-up PPLN, at the PPLN crystal of Y-direction plated electrode.
5) room temperature controls as shown in Figure 2 is 15.15 DEG C, and put polarization splitting prism before PPLN and make O light incident, the tunable laser of 1520-1620nm inputs as fundamental wave, and the Y-direction of PPLN adds electrode, at the power measuring frequency doubled light below with light power meter of PPLN.
6) apply the voltage being no more than 400V/mm, near fundamental wave wavelength 1549nm, the power of frequency doubled light all can than large during non-making alive, and when voltage is 80V/mm, the power of frequency doubled light is maximum.Show that herein, frequency doubled light obtains enhancing.
In other embodiments, also can select other cycle or other aperiodicity polarization nonlinear crystal, this object can also be realized; Facilities and equipments that simultaneously can be less as shown in Figure 2 take volume and realize changing the cycle of PPLN and temperature during experiment, regulate frequency multiplication to strengthen the position in O light broadband SHG.
Claims (7)
1. the Enhancement Method based on the frequency multiplication of periodic polarized lithium niobate, first room temperature electrical-poling is carried out to lithium columbate crystal, on+Z the face of crystal, negative farmland area change electricdomain polarised direction, is characterized in that, carry out vacuum coating sputtering electrode in the Y-direction both sides of crystal; Then to crystal carry out ordinary light-struck simultaneously with high-voltage power supply to the Y-direction both sides making alive of lithium columbate crystal, realize the enhancing of frequency multiplication by the slow light effect produced.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the cycle that described electric field polarization adopts obtains in the following manner:
1) determine the polarization cycle Λ simultaneously met required for quasi-phase matched bar, namely meet:
wherein: λ is the wavelength of fundamental wave,
for the refractive index of first-harmonic E light,
for the refractive index of first-harmonic O light,
for the refractive index of frequency multiplication E light, Λ
0for the cycle of I type frequency multiplication, Λ
1be the cycle of 0 type frequency multiplication, Λ
2for the cycle in forbidden band;
2) because O light broadband SHG not only requires quasi-phase matched, also require Group-velocity Matching, namely required cycle Λ ?the point of contact place of λ relation curve; Therefore matlab software simulation Λ is used
0, Λ
1and Λ
2with the graph of a relation of λ, try to achieve the intersection point in three cycles, the cycle that intersection point is corresponding then can realize O, E light frequency multiplication and forbidden band simultaneously; By changing temperature, different intersection points can be obtained; And intersection point can be allowed to drop on Λ at a certain specific temperature
1?the point of contact place of λ curve, the temperature that this point is corresponding and cycle, then can realize simultaneously the broadband of O light doubly, E optical sccond-harmonic generation and forbidden band, be required cycle and temperature.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described room temperature electrical-poling refers to: adopt room temperature Polarization technique, according to sex reversal performance period in cycle obtained, obtain periodic polarized lithium columbate crystal.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described vacuum coating sputtering electrode refers to: adopt vacuum coating equipment to adopt the method for sputtering to plate electrode in the Y-direction both sides of periodic polarized lithium columbate crystal.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described ordinary light irradiates and refers to: by the temperature that accurately controls environment, adopt outgoing fundamental frequency light in continuously adjustable laser instrument, produce ordinary light through polarization splitting prism and incide plane of crystal, high-voltage power supply is alive to the Y-direction both sides of lithium columbate crystal while, the frequency doubled light intensity of outgoing is measured by light power meter.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the fundamental frequency light wavelength of described laser instrument is 1518 ?1627nm, and optical direction is x direction.
7. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the enhancing of described frequency multiplication refers to: adopt output voltage to be no more than the Y-direction making alive of high-voltage power supply at lithium columbate crystal of 10KV, O optical sccond-harmonic generation is strengthened by the slow light effect produced, O light can portions turn be also E light simultaneously, the shg efficiency of E light is much larger than O light, and when ignoring the transition loss of fundamental light wave to frequency multiplication light wave, the maximum multiple can deriving frequency multiplication enhancing is:
wherein: S is the multiple that slower rays strengthens, d
33be the nonlinear factor that 0 type frequency multiplication is, d
31for the nonlinear factor that I type frequency multiplication uses.
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CN104460175B (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2017-06-23 | 华北电力大学(保定) | A kind of method for designing for being segmented quasi-phase-matching crystals AOWC |
CN109239948B (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2023-12-01 | 深圳大学 | Non-paraxial self-acceleration frequency multiplication light beam regulating and controlling device and method |
CN110879439B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-02-09 | 电子科技大学 | Periodically polarized lithium niobate thin film optical waveguide difference frequency amplifier |
CN111082299B (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2021-06-04 | 北京理工大学 | All-solid-state tunable intermediate infrared frequency comb generation device |
CN113311636A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-27 | 南京邮电大学 | Method for generating second harmonic in lithium niobate waveguide structure |
CN114552363B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-08-15 | 西南技术物理研究所 | Lithium niobate blocking voltage setting method of solid laser |
CN114706254A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-07-05 | 成都理工大学 | Broadband frequency multiplication method and system for dense light wave multiplexing system |
CN115116829B (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-22 | 中北大学 | Method for preparing lithium niobate single crystal film domain wall enhanced force electric coupling response device |
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