CN114370336B - Rankine cycle-thermoelectric drive coupling waste heat recovery energy management system - Google Patents
Rankine cycle-thermoelectric drive coupling waste heat recovery energy management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114370336B CN114370336B CN202210018507.4A CN202210018507A CN114370336B CN 114370336 B CN114370336 B CN 114370336B CN 202210018507 A CN202210018507 A CN 202210018507A CN 114370336 B CN114370336 B CN 114370336B
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B5/00—Condensers employing a combination of the methods covered by main groups F28B1/00 and F28B3/00; Other condensers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
- H02N11/002—Generators
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The Rankine cycle-thermoelectric drive coupling waste heat recovery energy management system comprises a Rankine cycle subsystem and a thermoelectric conversion subsystem, wherein the Rankine cycle subsystem comprises a heat exchanger, a turbine, a generator, a condenser and a pump; the heat exchanger adopts a multi-layer ribbed micro-channel heat exchanger, and is designed integrally with the wall surface of the flame tube, so that high-grade heat energy is captured from the wall surface of the flame tube; the condenser adopts a multi-channel reverse-folded condensing heat pipe and is paved below the wing skin. The thermoelectric conversion subsystem comprises a thermoelectric driving device and a pump, the thermoelectric driving device and the pump are attached to the outer wall surface of the combustion chamber, and the thermoelectric driving device is used for generating electricity by forced cooling of the outer duct incoming flow to form a temperature difference, and the pump is driven to operate by electric energy generated by the thermoelectric driving device. The invention combines the micro-channel heat exchanger and the thermoelectric driving device, utilizes the advantages of light weight, high efficiency and compactness of the micro-channel heat exchanger and the thermoelectric driving device, realizes the maximization of energy capture in a limited space, realizes the purpose of using the micro-channel heat exchanger completely, changes waste into valuable, and effectively improves the energy utilization efficiency of the aero-engine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of civil aviation engine waste heat recovery equipment, in particular to a Rankine cycle-thermoelectric drive coupling waste heat recovery energy management system.
Background
As a large prop industry of the transportation industry, the civil aviation industry has important leading effect in the aspects of realizing zero carbon emission, energy conservation and emission reduction. The aero-engine is used as a power core of an aircraft, is called as an 'aircraft heart', and is a necessary path for realizing high-efficiency clean flight targets and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the engine.
However, the energy utilization rate of the existing aero-engine is relatively low, for example, a large amount of high-grade heat energy is dissipated from the wall surface of the flame tube of the combustion chamber of the engine and the wall surface of the combustion chamber, and the heat energy is not recycled.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current situation that the energy utilization rate of the existing aero-engine is low, the invention aims to improve the energy utilization rate of the aero-engine and realize higher-level energy conservation and emission reduction, and aims to provide the Rankine cycle-thermoelectric drive coupling waste heat recovery energy management system.
In order to achieve the technical aim, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, the invention provides a rankine cycle-thermoelectric drive coupled waste heat recovery energy management system comprising a rankine cycle subsystem and a thermoelectric conversion subsystem;
the Rankine cycle subsystem comprises a heat exchanger, a turbine, a generator, a condenser and a pump; a microscale heat exchange channel is arranged in the heat exchanger, and the heat exchange channel is used for circulating working media; the working medium outlet pipe of the heat exchange channel is connected with the inlet of the turbine, the outlet of the turbine is connected with the inlet of the condenser, the outlet of the condenser is connected with the inlet pipe of the pump, and the outlet pipe of the pump is connected with the cooling working medium inlet pipe of the heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is embedded in the wall surface of the flame tube of the combustion chamber and is of an integrated structure with the flame tube of the combustion chamber, and working medium in the heat exchanger absorbs heat energy of the wall surface of the flame tube of the combustion chamber; the condenser is arranged in the region to be heated, and residual heat of working medium from the turbine is transferred to the region to be heated;
the thermoelectric conversion subsystem comprises a thermoelectric driving device, one side wall surface of the thermoelectric driving device is attached to the outer wall surface of the combustion chamber, the other side wall surface of the thermoelectric driving device contacts the outer duct to flow, power generation is performed by utilizing the temperature difference between the outer wall surface of the combustion chamber and the outer duct to flow, a pump in the Rankine cycle subsystem is electrically connected with the thermoelectric driving device as a load, and electric energy generated by the thermoelectric driving device drives the pump to operate.
When the system is started, the temperature of the outer wall surface of the combustion chamber is rapidly increased due to the combustion of the combustion chamber, a large temperature difference is formed between the temperature of the outer wall surface of the combustion chamber and the temperature of the incoming flow of the outer duct, and the thermoelectric conversion subsystem starts to work to generate electric energy to drive the pump to operate. The pressure of a pipeline in the Rankine cycle subsystem is increased by the operation of a pump, working medium in a heat exchanger in the wall surface of a flame tube of a combustion chamber absorbs heat and then is converted into high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam, the superheated steam flows into a turbine along the pipeline in a forward direction to push the turbine to do work, the turbine is connected with a generator, the turbine drives the generator to operate to generate power, the working medium is converted into high-temperature exhaust steam with higher temperature after doing work in the turbine, the high-temperature exhaust steam is discharged from an outlet of the turbine and enters a condenser, the high-temperature exhaust steam flows through the condenser and simultaneously transfers heat to a region to be heated to be changed into low-temperature condensate, and the low-temperature condensate discharged through the condenser enters the pump along the pipeline and is pressurized by the pump to enter the next cycle.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the heat exchanger is a micro-channel heat exchanger, so that a large surface area-volume ratio can be realized, and the heat exchange enhancement effect is good. The microchannel heat exchanger is provided with more than one layer of heat exchange units, the more than one layer of heat exchange units are arranged between the inner side wall and the outer side wall of the combustion chamber flame tube, and each layer of heat exchange units and the combustion chamber flame tube are coaxially arranged. Further, the flow direction of working media in the heat exchange units of adjacent layers can be the same or opposite. The preferable scheme is that the flow directions of working media in heat exchange units of adjacent layers are opposite, so that a stronger heat exchange effect can be realized.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, each layer of heat exchange unit comprises a plurality of heat exchange channels, and at least one part of the heat exchange channels are axial heat exchange channels axially arranged along the axial direction of the flame tube of the combustion chamber. Further, each layer of heat exchange unit further comprises a plurality of circumferential heat exchange channels arranged along the circumferential direction of the flame tube of the combustion chamber, and two ends of each circumferential heat exchange channel are communicated with two adjacent axial heat exchange channels.
And a flame tube afterburning hole is arranged on the flame tube wall of the combustion chamber. When the heat exchanger is designed, in order to avoid the flame tube afterburning holes, the heat exchange channels which are correspondingly arranged at the axial gaps among the flame tube afterburning holes are circumferential heat exchange channels, and the heat exchange channels which are correspondingly arranged at the circumferential gaps among the flame tube afterburning holes are axial heat exchange channels.
Further, the heat exchange channel adopts a structural design that upper ribs and lower ribs are distributed in a staggered mode, so that the contact area of working media and a high-temperature heat source is increased, and the heat exchange effect is enhanced.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the condenser comprises a plurality of condensing heat pipes, and the condensing heat pipes are laid in a flat manner on the area to be heated. Further, the form of the condensation heat pipe is not limited, and a straight line pipe, a U-shaped pipe, an S-shaped pipe and the like can be selected according to practical situations.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thermoelectric driving device is formed by serially connecting a plurality of semiconductor thermoelectric generation units in parallel.
On the other hand, the invention provides an aircraft, which comprises any Rankine cycle-thermoelectric drive coupling waste heat recovery energy management system, wherein an aircraft wing is a region to be heated, and a condenser is arranged on the inner side surface of a wing skin.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the circulating working medium in the Rankine cycle subsystem can be selected from H 2 O、CO 2 、N 2 Working fluids with low ODP and GWP values, such as R134a (but not limited to).
Further, the circulating working medium can select subcritical, supercritical or transcritical circulation according to the system pressure and temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the Rankine cycle subsystem and the thermoelectric conversion subsystem are connected in parallel, the system is simple in structure and high in reliability, and energy capture maximization can be achieved.
Furthermore, compared with a common heat exchanger, the micro-channel heat exchanger provided by the invention has the characteristics of high efficiency, compactness, light weight and the like, and realizes the integrated design of the micro-channel heat exchanger and the wall surface of the flame tube.
Furthermore, the condensing heat pipe in the condenser adopts a multi-channel reverse-folded structural design, heat in exhaust steam is transferred to the wing skin, and the wing skin is prevented from being frozen while the exothermic condensation of working medium water in the condenser is achieved, so that the innovation in structure and form is realized.
The thermoelectric driving device is formed by connecting a plurality of semiconductor thermoelectric power generation units in series and parallel, is light and compact, has a simple conversion principle and reliable performance, and has higher heat capturing capacity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a schematic structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an integrated heat exchanger and combustor basket in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a microchannel heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow diagram of a working medium of a microchannel heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement of condensation heat pipes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an installation arrangement of a condensation heat pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a semiconductor thermoelectric generation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a plurality of semiconductor thermoelectric generation units connected in series according to an embodiment of the invention;
reference numerals in the drawings:
1. a heat exchanger; 1.1, a heat exchange channel; 1.2, a heat exchange unit; 1.3, ribs; 2. a turbine; 3. a generator; 4. a condenser; 4.1, condensing heat pipes; 5. a pump; 6. a combustor basket; 6.1, the wall surface of the flame tube of the combustion chamber; 6.2, the inner side wall of the flame tube of the combustion chamber; 6.3, the outer side wall of the flame tube of the combustion chamber; 6.4, a flame tube afterburning hole; 7. a region to be heated; 8. a thermoelectric drive; 8.1 semiconductor thermoelectric generation units; 9. an outer wall surface of the combustion chamber;
the achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiments of the present invention are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a particular posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the particular posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In the present invention, unless specifically stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "affixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "affixed" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral body; the device can be mechanically connected, electrically connected, physically connected or wirelessly connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to be based on the fact that those skilled in the art can implement the technical solutions, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be implemented, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered as not existing, and not falling within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the invention, a novel rankine cycle-thermoelectric drive coupling waste heat recovery energy management system is designed by taking a common high-bypass-ratio turbofan engine combustion chamber in a civil aircraft engine as an application background, so as to improve the energy utilization efficiency of the aircraft engine and realize higher energy conservation and emission reduction. The system includes a rankine cycle subsystem and a thermoelectric conversion subsystem.
The rankine cycle subsystem comprises a heat exchanger 1, a turbine 2, a generator 3, a condenser 4 and a water pump 5.
The heat exchanger 1 is embedded in the combustion chamber flame tube wall surface 6.1 of the aero-engine and is of an integrated structure with the combustion chamber flame tube 6, and the working medium in the heat exchanger 1 absorbs heat energy of the combustion chamber flame tube wall surface 6.1. A micro-scale heat exchange channel 1.1 is arranged in the wall 6.1 of the flame tube of the combustion chamber, the heat exchange channel 1.1 is a heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger 1, the heat exchange channel 1.1 is used for circulating working medium, and in the embodiment, the working medium is water.
The working medium outlet pipe of the heat exchange channel 1.1 is connected with the inlet of the turbine 2, the outlet of the turbine 2 is connected with the inlet of the condenser 4, the outlet of the condenser 4 is connected with the inlet pipe of the water pump 5, and the outlet pipe of the water pump 5 is connected with the working medium inlet pipe of the heat exchanger 1; the condenser 4 is arranged in the area 7 to be heated, and heat from the high-temperature working medium of the heat exchanger 1 is transferred to the area 7 to be heated. Referring to fig. 3, the engine of the present invention may be an aeroengine on an aircraft, and the area to be heated 7 may be a wing on the aircraft.
The thermoelectric conversion subsystem comprises a thermoelectric driving device 8, one side wall surface of the thermoelectric driving device 8 is attached to the outer wall surface 9 of the combustion chamber, the other side wall surface of the thermoelectric driving device contacts the outer duct to flow, power generation is performed by utilizing the temperature difference between the outer wall surface 9 of the combustion chamber and the outer duct to flow, a water pump 5 in the Rankine cycle subsystem is electrically connected with the thermoelectric driving device 8 as a load, and electric energy generated by the thermoelectric driving device 8 drives the water pump to operate.
When the system is started, the high-temperature fuel gas in the combustor flame tube 6 is at the temperature T due to combustion of the combustor H1 The high temperature in the combustor basket causes the temperature T of the outer wall surface of the combustor H2 Rapidly rise to the temperature T of the incoming flow of the air with the outer duct C2 A large temperature difference is formed, the thermoelectric conversion subsystem starts to work, and electric energy is generated to drive the water pump 5 to operate. The water pump 5 operates to increase the pressure of a pipeline in the Rankine cycle subsystem, the working medium (such as H2O) in the heat exchange channel 1.1 in the flame tube wall surface 6.1 of the combustion chamber absorbs heat and then is converted into high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam, the superheated steam flows forward along the pipeline to enter the turbine 2, the turbine 2 is pushed to do work, the turbine 2 is connected with the generator 3,the turbine 2 drives the generator 3 to operate for power generation, the working medium is converted into high-temperature exhaust steam with higher temperature after acting in the turbine, the high-temperature exhaust steam is discharged from an outlet of the turbine 2 and enters into condensation heat pipes in the condenser 4, a series of condensation heat pipes are flatly distributed on the inner side surface of the wing skin, and heat is transferred to the wing skin while the high-temperature exhaust steam flows through the condenser 4, so that the temperature of the outer surface of the wing skin is increased, and the effect of preventing the wing from icing is achieved. The high-temperature exhaust steam is changed into low-temperature condensed water through the condenser 4, and the low-temperature condensed water discharged through the condenser 4 enters the water pump 5 along a pipeline and is pressurized by the water pump 5 to enter the next cycle.
The Rankine cycle subsystem and the thermoelectric conversion subsystem of the whole system are connected in parallel through a water pump. The whole input energy of the system is the heat of the outer wall of the combustion chamber and the outer wall of the flame tube absorbed by the system, and the output energy is the power of the generator, the heat exchange quantity of the condenser and the extra electric energy remained after the power of the water pump is subtracted by the thermoelectric driving device.
The thermoelectric driving device can be formed by connecting a plurality of semiconductor thermoelectric power generation units 8.1 in series and parallel, is attached to the outer wall surface of the combustion chamber, and generates power by utilizing the temperature difference between the outer wall surface of the combustion chamber and the incoming flow of the outer duct. The water pump in the Rankine cycle subsystem serves as a circuit load of the thermoelectric conversion subsystem. The current generated by the thermoelectric driving device enters through the positive electrode of the water pump along the lead to drive the water pump to operate; the current flows out of the negative electrode of the water pump into the thermoelectric driving device to form an effective closed loop.
In the invention, referring to fig. 2, the heat exchanger 1 is a micro-channel heat exchanger, the micro-channel heat exchanger is provided with more than one layer of heat exchange units 1.2, more than one layer of heat exchange units 1.2 are arranged between the inner side wall 6.2 of the combustion chamber flame tube and the outer side wall 6.3 of the combustion chamber flame tube, and each layer of heat exchange units 1.2 and the combustion chamber flame tube 6 are coaxially arranged. Referring to the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the heat exchange unit comprises more than two layers of heat exchange units 1.2, wherein the innermost layer of heat exchange units 1.2 is close to the inner side wall 6.2 of the combustor basket, and the outermost layer of heat exchange units 1.2 is close to the outer side wall 6.3 of the combustor basket. The flow direction of the working medium in the upper and lower adjacent two layers of heat exchange units 1.2 in the microchannel heat exchanger can flow in the same direction or in the opposite direction, wherein the flow direction is preferably opposite, so that a stronger heat exchange effect can be realized.
In the invention, each layer of heat exchange unit 1.2 comprises a plurality of microscale heat exchange channels 1.1. At least a part of the heat exchange channels 1.1 are axial heat exchange channels axially arranged along the axial direction of the flame tube 6 of the combustion chamber. Each layer of heat exchange unit 1.2 also comprises a plurality of circumferential heat exchange channels which are circumferentially arranged along the combustor flame tube 6, and two ends of each circumferential heat exchange channel are communicated with two adjacent axial heat exchange channels. Referring to fig. 5, a schematic diagram of the flow direction of the working medium of the axial heat exchange channels and the circumferential heat exchange channels is shown, wherein an axial double-headed arrow at a corresponding position of a circumferential gap between the flame tube afterburner holes 6.4 is used for indicating that the heat exchange channels arranged inside the position are the axial heat exchange channels, and a circumferential double-headed arrow at a corresponding position of the axial gap between the flame tube afterburner holes 6.4 is used for indicating that the heat exchange channels arranged inside the position are the circumferential heat exchange channels. A flame tube post-combustion hole 6.4 is arranged on the flame tube wall 6 of the combustion chamber. When the heat exchanger is designed, in order to avoid the flame tube afterburning holes 6.4, the heat exchange channels correspondingly arranged at the axial gaps between the flame tube afterburning holes 6.4 are circumferential heat exchange channels, and the heat exchange channels correspondingly arranged at the circumferential gaps between the flame tube afterburning holes 6.4 are axial heat exchange channels. The circumferential heat exchange channel can realize the purpose of flow compensation when pressure difference exists in the axial channel, so that the pressure drop and the temperature distribution in the heat exchanger are more uniform. Meanwhile, due to the existence of circumferential flow supplement, the original axial flow is disturbed, so that the heat exchange is further enhanced.
Referring to fig. 4, the heat exchange channel 1.1 in the invention adopts a structural design that upper ribs and lower ribs are distributed in a staggered way, and the fins 1.3 distributed in a staggered way up and down are arranged in the heat exchange channel 1.1, so that the contact area of working medium and a high-temperature heat source is increased, and the heat exchange effect is enhanced.
In one embodiment of the invention, the channel height dimension of the heat exchange channel 1.1 can be selected within the range of 0.1-1.5mm, the channel height-width ratio can be selected within the range of 0.1-8, the partition wall dimension of the adjacent channel can be selected within the range of 0.5-2 times of the channel width, the rib height dimension can be selected within the range of 0-80% of the channel height dimension, and the rib width can be selected within the range of 0-1 times of the rib height. The cross section of the heat exchange channel 1.1 is not limited, and a rectangular cross section, a trapezoid cross section, a round cross section, a triangular cross section and the like can be selected.
The condenser 4 comprises a plurality of condensing heat pipes 4.1, and the condensing heat pipes 4.1 are laid in a region 7 to be heated in a tiling mode. Referring to fig. 6 and 7, in an embodiment of the present invention, the condenser 4 is a multi-channel folded heat pipe design, and is formed by closely arranging a plurality of U-shaped or S-shaped heat pipes 4.1. The condensing heat pipe 4.1 in the condenser 4 is flatly paved below the wing skin, and the working medium heat energy is transferred to the outer surface of the wing skin through convection heat exchange with the condensing heat pipe 4.1 and heat conduction of the condensing heat pipe 4.1, the air inside the wing and the wing skin, so that the temperature of the outer surface is increased, and the effect of preventing the wing from icing is achieved. In order to realize a more efficient heat exchange level, the heat pipe can be made of a material with lower heat conduction resistance. According to different wing icing areas, the length of the condensation heat pipes 4.1 can be adjusted within 0.2-10m, the diameter of the condensation heat pipes 4.1 can be selected within 1-30mm, the number of times of folding the S-shaped condensation heat pipes 4.1 can be selected within 1-5, and the number of the condensation heat pipes 4.1 can be selected within 1-50.
Referring to fig. 8 and 9, the thermoelectric driving device 8 according to the present invention is formed by serially connecting a plurality of semiconductor thermoelectric generation units 8.1. The semiconductor thermoelectric conversion material flexible design is adopted to cover the outer wall surface of the combustion chamber. The lower wall surface of the thermoelectric driving device 8 contacts the wall surface of the combustion chamber, the thermoelectric driving device 8 contacts the external duct to flow air, voltage is generated by utilizing the temperature difference between the upper wall surface and the lower wall surface based on the seebeck principle, and current is generated in a closed loop. The efficiency and output power of the semiconductor thermoelectric generation unit 8.1 can be changed according to the leg length, the section side length, the material and the load. The 8.1 leg length range of the semiconductor thermoelectric generation unit is selected to be 0.5-3.0mm, and the sectional area range is selected to be 0.5-3.0mm 2 。
In an embodiment of the invention, a closed-loop control feedback system can be added into the Rankine cycle-thermoelectric drive coupling waste heat recovery energy management system. In order to realize the stability of the temperature of the wall surface of the flame tube of the combustion chamber, a temperature sensor can be used for monitoring the temperature of the wall surface of the flame tube of the combustion chamber, and the monitoring result is fed back to a control center; when the temperature of the wall surface of the flame tube of the combustion chamber exceeds a limiting range, the control center calculates the correction quantity of the flow at the temperature and gives an instruction to the flow automatic control valve, so that the closed-loop control of the temperature of the wall surface of the flame tube of the combustion chamber is realized.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the Rankine cycle-thermoelectric drive coupling energy management system is adopted on the basis of the structure of the existing aeroengine, so that high-grade waste heat energy in the engine can be effectively utilized, and the cooling effect of the wall surface of the flame tube is improved. The micro-channel heat exchanger and the thermoelectric driving device are innovatively combined, and the advantages of light weight, high efficiency and compactness are utilized, so that the optimal effect of the energy utilization efficiency of the engine is achieved in a limited space;
according to the microchannel heat exchange structure provided by the embodiment, the multi-layer ribbed design and the flame tube integrated structural design are adopted, the axial afterburning hole gaps are circumferentially arranged, and the rest of the axial afterburning hole gaps are axially arranged. The integrated design of the micro-channel structure effectively solves the defects of pneumatic loss and the like caused by the separation design of the heat exchanger and the flame tube; the efficient compact light microchannel heat exchanger solves the cooling problem of the wall surface of the flame tube while realizing efficient energy capture, and can effectively improve the thermal stress problem of the wall surface of the flame tube through closed-loop temperature control.
The multi-channel reverse-folded heat pipe condenser is designed in the embodiment, the exhaust steam waste heat of the turbine outlet is effectively utilized, and the residual heat energy in the exhaust steam is released under the wing skin to prevent the wing from icing. The wing icing problem is effectively improved while the energy utilization efficiency is improved.
The flexible thermoelectric conversion device made of the semiconductor temperature difference material is covered on the outer wall surface of the combustion chamber, the temperature difference between the outer wall surface of the combustion chamber and the incoming flow of the outer duct is effectively utilized to generate electric energy, part of the output electric energy is used for ensuring normal operation of the Rankine cycle, and the rest electric energy is output in an electric energy form. The semiconductor thermoelectric generation unit has a small overall structure scale, so that the influence on the flow field quality of the external bypass airflow when the subsystem and the thermoelectric conversion device are attached to the outer wall surface of the combustion chamber is avoided.
The scheme is only an optimization scheme, and because the structure of the scheme has larger flexibility, secondary development can be performed according to actual local conditions on the basis of the scheme so as to adapt to waste heat recovery requirements under different scenes, and the scheme comprises but is not limited to devices such as aeroengines, ground gas turbines, ship engines, vehicle engines, oil gas development platforms and the like.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the invention without departing from the principles thereof are intended to be within the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
Claims (5)
1. The Rankine cycle-thermoelectric drive coupling waste heat recovery energy management system is characterized in that: comprises a Rankine cycle subsystem and a thermoelectric conversion subsystem;
the Rankine cycle subsystem comprises a heat exchanger, a turbine, a generator, a condenser and a pump; a microscale heat exchange channel is arranged in the heat exchanger, and the heat exchange channel is used for circulating working media; the working medium outlet pipe of the heat exchange channel is connected with the inlet of the turbine, the outlet of the turbine is connected with the inlet of the condenser, the outlet of the condenser is connected with the inlet pipe of the pump, and the outlet pipe of the pump is connected with the cooling working medium inlet pipe of the heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is embedded in the wall surface of the flame tube of the combustion chamber and is of an integrated structure with the flame tube of the combustion chamber, and working medium in the heat exchanger absorbs heat energy of the wall surface of the flame tube of the combustion chamber; the condenser is arranged in the region to be heated, and residual heat of working medium from the turbine is transferred to the region to be heated;
the thermoelectric conversion subsystem comprises a thermoelectric driving device, one side wall surface of the thermoelectric driving device is attached to the outer wall surface of the combustion chamber, the other side wall surface of the thermoelectric driving device contacts the outer duct to flow, power generation is performed by utilizing the temperature difference between the outer wall surface of the combustion chamber and the outer duct to flow, a pump in the Rankine cycle subsystem is electrically connected with the thermoelectric driving device as a load, and electric energy generated by the thermoelectric driving device drives the pump to operate;
when the system is started, the temperature of the outer wall surface of the combustion chamber is rapidly increased due to the combustion of the combustion chamber, a large temperature difference is formed between the temperature of the outer wall surface of the combustion chamber and the temperature of the incoming flow of the outer duct, and the thermoelectric conversion subsystem starts to work to generate electric energy to drive the pump to operate; the pump operation increases the pressure of a pipeline in the Rankine cycle subsystem, a working medium in a heat exchanger in the wall surface of a flame tube of a combustion chamber absorbs heat and then is converted into high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam, the high-temperature high-pressure superheated steam flows into a turbine along the pipeline in a forward direction to push the turbine to do work, the turbine is connected with a generator, the turbine drives the generator to operate to generate power, the working medium is converted into high-temperature exhaust steam with higher temperature after doing work in the turbine, the high-temperature exhaust steam is discharged from an outlet of the turbine and enters a condenser, the high-temperature exhaust steam flows through the condenser and simultaneously transfers heat to a region to be heated to be changed into low-temperature condensate, and the low-temperature condensate discharged through the condenser enters the pump along the pipeline and is pressurized by the pump to enter the next cycle;
the heat exchanger is a micro-channel heat exchanger, the micro-channel heat exchanger is provided with more than one layer of heat exchange units, the more than one layer of heat exchange units are arranged between the inner side wall and the outer side wall of the flame tube of the combustion chamber, and each layer of heat exchange units and the flame tube of the combustion chamber are coaxially arranged;
each layer of heat exchange unit comprises a plurality of microscale heat exchange channels, and at least one part of the heat exchange channels are axial heat exchange channels axially arranged along the axial direction of the flame tube of the combustion chamber;
each layer of heat exchange unit also comprises a plurality of circumferential heat exchange channels arranged along the circumferential direction of the flame tube of the combustion chamber, and two ends of each circumferential heat exchange channel are communicated with two adjacent axial heat exchange channels;
the flame tube wall of the combustion chamber is provided with flame tube afterburning holes, the heat exchange channels which are arranged at the corresponding positions of the axial gaps among the flame tube afterburning holes are circumferential heat exchange channels, and the heat exchange channels which are arranged at the corresponding positions of the circumferential gaps among the flame tube afterburning holes are axial heat exchange channels.
2. The rankine cycle-thermoelectric drive coupled waste heat recovery energy management system of claim 1, wherein: the flow directions of working media in the heat exchange units of the adjacent layers are the same or opposite.
3. The rankine cycle-thermoelectric drive coupled waste heat recovery energy management system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the condenser comprises a plurality of condensing heat pipes which are laid in a region to be heated in a tiling mode.
4. The rankine cycle-thermoelectric drive coupled waste heat recovery energy management system of claim 3, wherein: the thermoelectric driving device is formed by connecting a plurality of semiconductor thermoelectric power generation units in series and parallel.
5. An aircraft characterized by comprising the rankine cycle-thermoelectric drive coupled waste heat recovery energy management system of claim 1 or 2 or 4, wherein an aircraft wing is a region to be heated, and a condenser is arranged on the inner side of a wing skin.
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