CN114369744A - Non-magnetic wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Non-magnetic wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910020923 Sn-O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001040 Beta-titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- CBQYNPHHHJTCJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3(O)CCN(C)C3NC2=C1 CBQYNPHHHJTCJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002551 Fe-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020598 Co Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002519 Co-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000942 Elinvar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017061 Fe Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005290 antiferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 nb-based Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/04—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing tin or lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of metal materials, in particular to a non-magnetic wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy and a preparation method thereof. The titanium alloy may contain one or more than one beta stabilizing element, one or more than two neutral elements, and one or more than two alpha stabilizing elements. The preparation method of the titanium alloy comprises the following steps of heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 250-550 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 0.5-48 hours. The constant-elasticity titanium alloy prepared by the method has the elastic modulus temperature coefficient less than 20 multiplied by 10 in a wide temperature range‑6The material has the advantages of high room-temperature elastic modulus of 60-90 GPa, yield strength of more than 600MPa and excellent comprehensive performance. The titanium alloy in the invention belongs to non-magnetic classThe material is not interfered by a magnetic field of an actual use environment, can realize constant elasticity performance in an extremely wide temperature range, has adjustable and controllable elastic modulus temperature coefficient, excellent mechanical property and simple preparation method, and therefore, is a nonmagnetic constant elasticity material with good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal materials, in particular to a non-magnetic wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
As early as the 19 th century, it was discovered that temperature changes affect the accuracy of timepieces, and it was gradually recognized that this phenomenon is related to the change in the elastic modulus of the balance spring in timepieces as a function of temperature. In the subsequent research, it is found that for general metals or non-phase-change alloys, the elastic modulus tends to decrease with the increase of temperature due to the gradual weakening of the bonding force between atoms, and the change relationship of the elastic modulus with the temperature is extremely unfavorable for the accuracy of the instrument used in different temperature environments. Therefore, in order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the instruments used in different temperature environments, people are urgently required to develop a material with an elastic modulus which does not change or changes little with temperature within a certain temperature range, and the material has a small elastic modulus temperature coefficient, and can also be called constant elasticity alline tile (Elinvar) alloy.
In 1896, it was found that when the atomic percentage of Ni in the Fe — Ni binary alloy was 42%, the elastic modulus temperature coefficient could be close to zero, but the constant elastic temperature range was narrow and the mechanical properties were poor, and thus it was not widely used. Since then, practical Fe-Ni based galvanostatic alloys of carbide strengthened and age strengthened types were developed, forming a number of grades, such as: Ni-Span C, Ni-Span D and 3J53, 3J58 and other constant elasticity alloys in China. Due to the factors of poor performance consistency, low mechanical quality factor and the like of the Fe-Ni alloy, a great deal of work is carried out at home and abroad, and various constant elasticity alloys are researched to make up for the defects of the Fe-Ni alloy. One of the alloys is a ferromagnetic constant-elasticity alloy which is mainly Fe-Ni and Fe-Co series alloy, and Mo, Cu, Zr, Ge and rare earth elements can be properly added to further reduce the temperature coefficient of the elastic modulus, so that the form and the quantity of precipitated phases are changed, and a novel constant-elasticity alloy with more excellent performance is developed. Another ferromagnetic constant-elasticity alloy with wide application is a Co-Fe alloy, which has a stable temperature coefficient of elastic modulus, and typical alloys are Elcoloy alloys and the like. In the instrument and meter industry, most elastic elements are not interfered by an external magnetic field or the working magnetic field of an instrument, so that the ferromagnetic constant-elasticity alloy cannot meet the requirement of using under the magnetic field, and the development and research of novel nonmagnetic constant-elasticity alloy are needed.
The non-magnetic constant-elasticity alloy is mainly divided into two types, wherein the first type is an antiferromagnetic constant-elasticity alloy which comprises alloy systems such as a Cr base, a Fe-Mn base, a Mn base and the like; another class is paramagnetic constant elastic alloys such as: nb-based, Ti-based, and Pd-Au-based alloys. Fe-Mn alloy and Mn alloy are characterized by low cost, but the constant elastic temperature zone is narrow and the corrosion resistance is poor, thus the alloy can not meet the use environment with high precision requirement and large temperature change. The paramagnetic Nb-based constant-elasticity alloy has excellent performance and a wide constant-elasticity temperature zone, but is difficult to process, and the Pd-Au alloy has high cost and cannot be widely applied. Compared with the Ti-based alloy, the Ti-based alloy has the advantages of no magnetism, high corrosion resistance, high elastic limit, high fatigue limit, high tensile strength, high yield strength, good plasticity and the like, and the constant-elasticity temperature zone is relatively wide, so that the Ti-based alloy meets the applicable conditions in the aspects of aerospace navigation instruments, instruments and the like, and has extremely high application potential. However, at present, few domestic patent reports on Ti-based constant-elasticity alloys with excellent comprehensive performance exist, and related constant-elasticity materials are not widely applied, so that the wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy has higher research and application values.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a non-magnetic wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and a preparation method thereof, which meet the special requirements of elastic elements (such as a pressure sensor, a strain gauge beam, a torsion bar gyroscope and the like) applied in a wide temperature range on material properties for realizing high precision, high sensitivity and high disturbance rejection capability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a non-magnetic wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 10-40% of Nb, Ta, Mo and V; it may contain one or two neutral elements as required: zr and Sn, the total content is 0-20%; one or two or more α stabilizing elements may be contained as required: 0-5% of Al and O; the balance being Ti.
The non-magnetic wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy has constant elasticity modulus within a wide temperature range of-150-350 ℃.
The temperature coefficient of the elastic modulus of the non-magnetic wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy is less than 20 multiplied by 10 within a wide temperature range of-150 to 350 DEG C-6/℃。
The temperature coefficient of the elastic modulus of the non-magnetic wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy is less than 0.5 multiplied by 10 within the temperature range of minus 50-50 DEG C-6/℃。
The non-magnetic wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy has the elastic modulus of 60-90 GPa and the yield strength of more than 600 MPa.
The preparation method of the non-magnetic wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy regulates and controls the volume fraction and lattice parameters of the alpha' phase of the orthogonal structure of the alloy through heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 250-550 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 0.5-48 hours.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
conventional ferromagnetic type constant-elasticity alloys all rely on magnetically related mechanisms, such as: the modulus hardening caused by the magnetic shrinkage is balanced with the modulus softening caused by the atomic thermal shock, so that the macroscopic constant elasticity performance of the alloy is caused. Other nonmagnetic constant-elasticity alloys can regulate and control the elasticity performance through antiferromagnetic-paramagnetic transformation, phase change, cold working induced texture and other modes which are relatively complex and are interfered by an external magnetic field. For beta titanium alloys, however, heat treatment can introduce a number of nano-scale metastable transition phases that can significantly adjust the elastic properties of the alloy. After being regulated by a proper heat treatment system, the alloy can show constant elasticity performance within a certain temperature range.
The wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy and the preparation method thereof have the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy provided by the invention has the advantages of high strength, wide-range use temperature zone, good plasticity and constant elasticity, and specifically comprises the following components: the alloy yield strength is more than 600MPa, the constant modulus temperature zone is-150 to 350 ℃, the elongation is 8 to 20 percent, and the elastic modulus temperature coefficient is less than 20 multiplied by 10-6/deg.C, has excellent comprehensive performance. And the material is nonmagnetic, so that the function of the material is not interfered by an external magnetic field, and the working magnetic field in the actual working environment is not influenced by the existence of the material, thereby obviously improving the stability and the anti-interference characteristic of the magnetic field.
2. The invention creatively provides a preparation method of the wide-temperature-range constant modulus titanium alloy, compared with the traditional constant modulus material, the alloy performance does not depend on the adjustment of original components, the method can obtain the expected modulus temperature change relation only by adjusting the aging temperature and the aging time without changing the original components of the material from the source, so the method brings great convenience to production and use, has good product consistency and unprecedented good technical effect, and has huge economy in application.
3. The preparation method of the wide-temperature-range constant-modulus titanium alloy is suitable for a series of beta titanium alloys capable of precipitating the precipitated phase with the orthogonal structure in an aging manner, so that the preparation method is not limited by the original components of the titanium alloy, and the heat treatment process can be changed as required, thereby realizing the constant-modulus property of the beta titanium alloys with different components.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a room temperature tensile curve of a Ti-Nb-Zr-Sn-O alloy.
FIG. 2 is a room temperature tensile curve of a Ti-Nb-Al alloy.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change of modulus of Ti-Nb-Zr-Sn-O alloy with temperature.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the modulus of a Ti-Nb-Al alloy as a function of temperature.
FIG. 5 is an XRD diffraction pattern of a Ti-Nb-Zr-Sn-O alloy in a hot rolled state and after heat treatment at 450 ℃ for 4 hours. (a) As-received, (b) heat treated.
FIG. 6 is a microstructure of a Ti-Nb-Zr-Sn-O alloy in a hot rolled state and after heat treatment at 450 ℃ for 4 hours.
Detailed Description
In the specific implementation process, the preparation method of the nonmagnetic wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy comprises the following preparation steps: electrode manufacturing → smelting → cogging → hot rolling → aging heat treatment → air cooling. The application range of the non-magnetic wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy is as follows: the beta titanium alloy comprises at least one or more than two beta stabilizing elements (10-40 wt%), may comprise one or more than two neutral elements (0-20 wt%), and may comprise one or more than two alpha stabilizing elements (0-5 wt%). Wherein the aging heat treatment temperature is 250-550 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-48 hours; preferably, the aging heat treatment temperature is 300-500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-24 hours.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following drawings and embodiments:
example 1
In the embodiment, the wide temperature range constant modulus Ti-Nb-Zr-Sn-O alloy and the preparation process thereof are as follows:
the wide-temperature-range constant modulus Ti-Nb-Zr-Sn-O alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: nb 24%, Zr 4%, Sn 8%, O0.1%, and the balance Ti.
The preparation method of the wide-temperature-range constant-modulus Ti-Nb-Zr-Sn-O alloy comprises the following steps: according to the proportion of the required components, the raw materials are smelted by a secondary vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace according to a conventional method, and then the titanium alloy round bar with the diameter of 12mm is obtained through a titanium alloy processing technology of cogging forging and hot rolling. After aging treatment for 4 hours at 450 ℃, air cooling to room temperature.
As shown in FIG. 1, it can be seen from the room temperature tensile curve of the titanium alloy in this example that the alloy yield strength is higher than 1000 MPa, and can reach 1200 MPa under proper heat treatment conditions, which is superior to other conventional constant-elasticity alloys.
The wide-temperature-range constant-modulus titanium alloy prepared in the embodiment has the elastic modulus of 78GPa, is kept unchanged within the range of-170 ℃ to 350 ℃ (figure 3), and has the elastic modulus temperature coefficient e of 1.5 multiplied by 10-6V. C. And has an orthogonal structure precipitated phase (FIG. 5) distributed in a beta-phase matrix, and the size of the precipitated phase is 20 to 80nm (FIG. 6).
Example 2
In this example, a wide temperature range constant modulus Ti-Nb-Al alloy and a process for preparing the same are as follows:
the wide-temperature-range constant-modulus Ti-Nb-Al alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: nb 25%, Al 5% and the balance of Ti.
The preparation method of the wide-temperature-range constant-modulus Ti-Nb-Al alloy comprises the following steps: according to the proportion of the required components, the raw materials are smelted by a secondary vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace according to a conventional method, and then the titanium alloy round bar with the diameter of 12mm is obtained through a titanium alloy processing technology of cogging forging and hot rolling. After aging treatment at 400 ℃ for 2 hours, air cooling to room temperature.
As shown in FIG. 2, it can be seen from the room temperature tensile curve of the titanium alloy in this example that the alloy yield strength is higher than 1000 MPa, and has excellent mechanical properties.
The wide-temperature-range constant-modulus titanium alloy prepared in the embodiment has the elastic modulus of 63GPa, is kept unchanged within the range of 200-500 ℃ (figure 4), and has the elastic modulus temperature coefficient e of 9.1 multiplied by 10-6/℃。
The elastic properties of other titanium alloy compositions prepared using this protocol are listed in table 1.
TABLE 1 elastic Properties of alloy compositions
In examples 3 to 5, the preparation method of the nonmagnetic wide temperature range constant elasticity titanium alloy is substantially the same as that of example 1, except that: in example 3, after aging treatment at 300 ℃ for 24 hours, the steel sheet was cooled to room temperature by air cooling. In example 4, after aging treatment at 350 ℃ for 12 hours, the steel sheet was cooled to room temperature by air cooling. In example 5, after aging treatment at 500 ℃ for 1 hour, air-cooled to room temperature.
The example results show that the titanium alloy prepared by the method has nearly unchanged elastic modulus and excellent mechanical property in a wide temperature range of-150-350 ℃. The constant elasticity titanium alloy prepared by the method has the elastic modulus temperature coefficient less than 20 multiplied by 10 in a wide temperature range-6The temperature coefficient of the elastic modulus of the nonmagnetic wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy can be less than 0.5 multiplied by 10 within the temperature range of minus 50-50 DEG C-6V. C. Meanwhile, the room temperature performance of the nonmagnetic wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy is as follows: the elastic modulus is 60-90 GPa, the yield strength is higher than 600MPa, the elongation is 8-20%, and the composite material has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. The constant modulus titanium alloy belongs to a non-magnetic material, is not interfered by a magnetic field of an actual use environment, can realize constant elasticity performance in an extremely wide temperature range, and has adjustable and controllable elastic modulus temperature coefficient, thereby having good application prospect.
Claims (6)
1. A non-magnetic wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy is characterized in that the chemical composition of the alloy at least contains one or more than two beta stable elements in percentage by weight: 10-40% of Nb, Ta, Mo and V; it may contain one or two neutral elements as required: zr and Sn, the total content is 0-20%; one or two or more α stabilizing elements may be contained as required: 0-5% of Al and O; the balance being Ti.
2. The non-magnetic wide temperature range constant-elasticity titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the alloy has a constant elastic modulus in a wide temperature range of-150 to 350 ℃.
3. The nonmagnetic wide temperature range constant elasticity titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the temperature coefficient of elastic modulus of the alloy is less than 20 x 10 in a wide temperature range of-150 to 350 ℃-6/℃。
4. The nonmagnetic wide temperature range constant elasticity titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the temperature coefficient of elastic modulus of the alloy is less than 0.5 x 10 in the temperature range of-50 to 50 ℃-6/℃。
5. The non-magnetic wide-temperature-range constant-elasticity titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the elastic modulus of the alloy is 60-90 GPa, and the yield strength is more than 600 MPa.
6. A method for preparing a nonmagnetic wide temperature range constant elasticity titanium alloy as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the volume fraction of the α "phase of the alloy orthorhombic structure and the lattice parameter are controlled by heat treatment at a temperature of 250 to 550 ℃ for 0.5 to 48 hours.
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CN108677060A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-10-19 | 东南大学 | A kind of high-strength high-elasticity heat-resistant titanium alloy and preparation method |
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US20070137742A1 (en) * | 2003-12-25 | 2007-06-21 | Yulin Hao | Titanium alloy with extra-low modulus and superelasticity and its producing method and processing thereof |
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