CN114369499A - Deep enzymatic degumming device and process - Google Patents
Deep enzymatic degumming device and process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114369499A CN114369499A CN202111537449.8A CN202111537449A CN114369499A CN 114369499 A CN114369499 A CN 114369499A CN 202111537449 A CN202111537449 A CN 202111537449A CN 114369499 A CN114369499 A CN 114369499A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/003—Refining fats or fatty oils by enzymes or microorganisms, living or dead
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
- C11B3/04—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/16—Refining fats or fatty oils by mechanical means
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable oil degumming, and particularly discloses a device and a process for degumming by a deep enzyme method, which comprises a raw oil storage tank, a self-cleaning filter connected with an outlet of the raw oil storage tank, and a high-position acid storage tank, wherein the outlets of the high-position acid storage tank and the self-cleaning filter are mixed by a first high-shear mixing pump and then are sent into an acid reaction tank for treatment, the outlet of the acid reaction tank is mixed with alkali liquor from an alkali liquor tank by a high-pressure pump and then is communicated with an inlet pipeline of an enzyme reaction tank by a pipeline, an inlet of the enzyme reaction tank is provided with a second high-shear mixing pump, an inlet of the second high-shear mixing pump is communicated with a hot water pipeline and an outlet of an enzyme liquid tank, the outlet of the enzyme reaction tank is communicated with an inlet of a degumming centrifuge by a pipeline and a high-pressure pump, light-phase degumming oil separated by the degumming centrifuge is dried and stored, and heavy-phase oil residue is sent into an oil residue tank for storage, the device and the process of degumming by two times of biological enzyme methods and the continuous deacidification, has the effect of deep degumming and can reduce the content of phosphorus in the raw oil to 5-15 ppm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable oil degumming, and particularly relates to a device and a process for degumming by a deep enzyme method.
Background
In the oil and fat refining process, degumming is a very important process, the degumming effect directly affects the oil and fat refining efficiency and the final product quality, the traditional degumming process has the problems of unstable product quality, high consumption, low yield, large three-waste discharge and the like, and the biological enzyme method degumming method is the application of modern industrial biological catalysis technology in the traditional oil and fat industry, is an improvement on the existing chemical or physical degumming process to improve the economy and environmental protection and has wide development prospect and important economic and social values.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a deep enzymatic degumming device and a process for carrying out degumming treatment by using biological enzyme.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a deep enzymatic degumming device comprises a raw oil storage tank, a self-cleaning filter connected with an outlet of the raw oil storage tank, and a high-position acid storage tank, wherein outlets of the acid liquid storage tank and the self-cleaning filter are conveyed by a pipeline, mixed by a first high-shear mixing pump and then sent into an acid reaction tank for treatment, an outlet of the acid reaction tank is mixed with alkali liquor from an alkali liquor tank by a slurry type mixing pump through a high-pressure pump and then communicated with an inlet pipeline of the enzyme reaction tank through a pipeline, a second high-shear mixing pump is arranged on the inlet pipeline of the enzyme reaction tank, an inlet pipeline of the second high-shear mixing pump is communicated with a hot water pipeline and an outlet pipeline of an enzyme liquid tank, an outlet of the enzyme reaction tank is communicated with a degumming inlet of a centrifugal machine through a pipeline and a high-pressure pump, light-phase degumming oil separated by the degumming centrifugal machine is dried and stored, heavy-phase oil residue enters an oil residue tank for storage, when the raw oil is degummed by an enzymatic method, the acid washing degumming is firstly carried out, the hydrated phosphorus in the raw oil is removed, meanwhile, the structure of the non-hydrated phospholipid is converted, after the phosphorus is further reacted under the action of subsequent biological enzyme, the mixed liquid is centrifugally separated by a degumming centrifugal machine, the heavy-phase oil residue is sent into an oil residue tank for storage, and the light-phase degummed oil is dried and stored, so that the product washing procedure is omitted, and the oil loss caused by washing is avoided.
Furthermore, the high-position acid storage tank is also provided with a blending tank, the acid liquid is pumped to the high-position acid storage tank by a high-pressure pump after being blended in the blending tank and is stored, and the blending tank at the front end of the high-position acid storage tank is convenient for carrying out adaptive treatment according to different raw oil.
Furthermore, a hot water inlet pipeline is further arranged on the degumming centrifugal machine, the light-phase degumming oil is communicated with the drying and separating process, and the degumming centrifugal machine washes and separates the final product by means of hot water to take away phosphorus, so that the treatment is convenient and no pollution is caused.
Furthermore, the two enzyme reaction tanks are arranged in series, and the design of the two enzyme reaction tanks can be used for carrying out deep enzymolysis degumming on the raw oil, so that the phosphorus content in the raw oil is reduced to the maximum extent.
A deep enzymatic degumming process comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw oil: sending raw oil from a raw oil storage tank into a self-cleaning filter for filtering, heating the raw oil to 60 ℃ by a heater, mixing the raw oil with acid from a high-level acid storage tank, and sending the mixture into an acid reaction tank for reaction to carry out pre-degumming;
(2) enzyme degumming: adjusting the pH value of the solution from the acid reaction tank to 5.3-5.7 with alkali liquor, mixing with water and phospholipase at 50-55 deg.C, stirring and mixing in the enzyme reaction tank, degumming and separating in a degumming centrifuge, drying the separated light phase product, storing in a storage tank, and storing the separated heavy phase colloid in an oil residue tank.
Further, the acid solution in the step (1) is citric acid, and the citric acid is citric acid with the mass concentration of 50%.
Further, the concentration of the alkali liquor in the step (2) is 6 Baume degrees, and the concentration of the phospholipase is 6L/m3The phospholipase is pumped into oil at the adding speed of 20-100kg/h, the adding amount of the phospholipase is 0.02-0.1kg of pure enzyme added to each ton of raw oil, 1-1.5% of water is required to be added into the centrifugal degumming machine for centrifugal degumming, and the phosphorus content of the raw oil after degumming is reduced to 5-15 ppm.
Further, the phospholipase is at least one of phospholipase A1, phospholipase A2, and phospholipase C.
The degumming principle of the invention is as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly converting the structure of non-hydrated phospholipid in raw oil under the action of citric acid, then adding liquid alkali into vegetable oil to adjust the pH value of a solution to 5.3-5.7, converting most of the non-hydrated phospholipid into hydrated phospholipid, interacting with phospholipase at 50-55 ℃, and carrying out deep degumming treatment on the raw oil through two times of enzymatic hydrolysis treatment in an enzyme reaction tank, so that the initial phosphorus content of 700-800ppm in the general raw oil can be reduced to the lowest phosphorus content of 5-15ppm after the treatment by the process of the invention, the defect that water washing and water consumption are needed by the traditional chemical alkali refining is omitted in the whole process, and the water washing process is omitted, so that the oil loss caused by water washing is avoided.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. after the enzymatic degumming process is adopted, the water washing procedure is omitted, so that the oil loss caused by water washing is avoided;
2. the loss of alkali refining is reduced, the oil residue amount after centrifugal separation is greatly reduced, and the dry base oil content of the oil residue is very low;
3. by adopting the deep enzymatic degumming device and the deep enzymatic degumming process, the phospholipid content in the vegetable oil is reduced to the maximum extent, so that excellent raw oil is provided for the subsequent refining treatment process, the clay consumption of a decoloring working section is reduced, the oil content of the waste clay is reduced, the oil loss is greatly reduced, the refining rate is obviously improved, the yield is generally improved by more than 1%, more VE is reserved in deodorizers, and the value of deodorized distillate is increased;
4. the invention has lower chemical consumption, does not produce soapstock, simplifies subsequent treatment, can only use one centrifuge, saves the investment of wastewater treatment, improves the quality of refined oil and has good stability of the refined oil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Examples
As shown in figure 1, the deep enzymatic degumming device comprises a raw oil storage tank, a self-cleaning filter 1 connected with an outlet of the raw oil storage tank, and a high-position acid storage tank 2, wherein the high-position acid storage tank 2 is also provided with a blending tank 3, acid liquor is pumped to the high-position acid storage tank 2 for storage through a high-pressure pump after being blended in the blending tank 3, the blending tank at the front end of the high-position acid storage tank 2 is convenient for carrying out adaptive treatment according to different raw oil, the high-position acid storage tank 2 and the outlet of the self-cleaning filter 1 are conveyed through a pipeline and are mixed through a first high-shear mixing pump and then are conveyed into an acid reaction tank 5 for treatment, the outlet of the acid reaction tank 5 is communicated with an inlet pipeline of an enzyme reaction tank 7 through a pipeline after being mixed with alkali liquor from the alkali liquor tank through a slurry type mixing pump 6 through the high-pressure pump, the inlet pipeline of the enzyme reaction tank 7 is provided with a second high-shear mixing pump 8, the inlet pipeline of the second high-shear mixing pump 8 is communicated with an outlet pipeline of a hot water pipeline and an outlet pipeline of the enzyme liquor tank 9, the outlet of the enzyme reaction tank 7 is communicated with the inlet of the degumming centrifuge 10 through a pipeline and a high-pressure pump, the enzyme reaction tanks are two, the two enzyme reaction tanks are arranged in series, the design of the two enzyme reaction tanks is adopted, the raw oil can be subjected to deep enzymolysis degumming, the phosphorus content in the raw oil is reduced to the maximum extent, the light-phase degumming oil separated by the degumming centrifuge 10 is dried and stored, the heavy-phase degumming oil enters the oil residue tank 11 for storage, the degumming centrifuge 10 is also provided with a hot water inlet pipeline, the pipeline is arranged to judge whether the water washing needs to be started according to the quality inspection condition of the specific light-phase degumming oil, the light-phase degumming oil is communicated with the drying and separating process, the centrifuge carries out water washing separation on the final product by hot water to take away phosphorus, the treatment is convenient and pollution-free, the raw oil is firstly subjected to acid washing degumming during the enzymatic degumming to remove the hydrated phosphorus in the raw oil, meanwhile, the structure of the non-hydrated phospholipid is converted, the mixed liquid is centrifugally separated by a degumming centrifuge after the phosphorus is further reacted under the action of subsequent biological enzyme, the heavy-phase oil residue is sent to an oil residue tank 11 for storage, and the light-phase degummed oil is dried and stored, so that the water washing procedure of the product is omitted, and the oil loss caused by water washing is avoided.
A deep enzymatic degumming process comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw oil: sending raw oil from a raw oil storage tank into a self-cleaning filter for filtering, then storing the raw oil in a storage tank and mixing and tempering 50% of citric acid from an acid liquor storage tank, and then sending the raw oil into an acid reaction tank to be degummed;
(2) enzyme degumming: adjusting pH of the solution from the acid reaction tank to 5.3-5.7 with 6 Baume lye, mixing with 50-55 deg.C water and phospholipase with concentration of 6L/m3The phospholipase is pumped into oil at an adding speed of 20-100kg/h, the adding amount of the phospholipase is 0.02-0.1kg of pure enzyme added to each ton of raw oil, the mixture is stirred and mixed in an enzyme reaction tank and then sent into a degumming centrifugal machine for degumming and separation, the separated product is sent into a storage tank for temporary storage, the separated colloid is sent to a sewage discharge system, 1-1.5% of water is required to be added into a centrifugal degumming machine for centrifugal degumming, and the phosphorus content of the raw oil after degumming is reduced to 5-15 ppm.
Further, the phospholipase is at least one of phospholipase A1, phospholipase A2, and phospholipase C.
Examples of the experiments
1. Selection of biocatalytic enzymes:
1.1 reaction characteristics of three enzymes:
1.1.1, PLA1 and PLA2 are essentially identical in nature, cutting specifically at the 1 and 2 main chain positions between the glycerol main chain and the fatty acids, PLA1 cutting specifically at main chain position 1 and PLA2 cutting specifically at main chain position 2, when the cut by-product has free fatty acid FFA dissolved in the oil phase, phospholipids will be dissolved in the water phase, and free fatty acids will increase due to the cutting position of PLA1/2, so with PLA1 and PLA2, degummed oil free acids will increase greatly, theoretically 0.1% phospholipid (40ppm P) conversion can produce 0.036% FFA, but phospholipase A1 and A2 are relatively non-selective and will degrade almost all phospholipids.
1.1.2, the PLC enzyme preparation is specially cut aiming at the overlapped position between a glycerol main chain and a phosphorus molecule, byproducts after the cutting are diglyceride (dissolved in an oil phase) and phosphate ester (dissolved in a water phase), the obtained diglyceride is dissolved in the oil and finally kept in the oil as the PLC only converts triglyceride in a phospholipid structure into the diglyceride, and the broken phospholipid bond is converted into phospholipid salt and transferred into the water phase, so that the comprehensive yield of the oil is improved. Theoretically 0.084% diacyl sugar alcohol is produced per 0.1% phospholipid conversion.
PLC reacts only with Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and has no effect on Phosphatidic Acid (PA) or Phosphatidylinositol (PI), so that residual P is high (mainly present in PA and PC).
1.2 selection of yield of finished oil
1.2.1 application of phospholipase A1 or A2 to vegetable oils will result in lower yield increases (0.8-1.2%) due to lower entrainment of neutral oil in the oil bottoms.
1.2.2 the use of phospholipase PLC in vegetable oils will result in higher yield increases (1.2-1.6%) due to the formation of diglycerides and the reduction of neutral oil entrainment in the oil bottoms.
Based on the specificity and specificity of the two enzymes, the phospholipase A and the phospholipase C can be mixed and added, so that phosphorus in the oil can be removed completely, and the yield of the finished oil is increased.
1.3 selection of enzyme reaction time (depending on enzyme dosage)
1.3.1 longer reaction times and lower enzyme dosages (e.g., 5 hours reaction time for 20-30ppm enzyme) are used, production costs are reduced, and the production process is not flexible.
1.3.2 with shorter reaction times and higher enzyme dosages (e.g., 90-100ppm enzyme for 2 hours of reaction), production costs increase, but the production process is more flexible.
2. Chemical alkali refining and enzymatic degumming comparison
Using 100TPD corn oil refining as an example, consumption indexes (consumption of water, electricity, steam, auxiliary materials and the like) (calculated by ton of finished oil)
1.1 the production indexes are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1
2.2 the production and refining consumption indexes are shown in Table 2
TABLE 2
2.3 index requirements for refined oils see Table 3
TABLE 3
3. Chemical alkali refining and enzymatic degumming yield analysis
Based on 100TPD corn oil refining as an example, see Table 4
TABLE 4
Note: the unit price of the white clay is 1200 yuan/ton, the product oil is 7000 yuan/ton, and the electricity is 1 yuan/K.
Claims (8)
1. A device for deep enzymatic degumming is characterized in that: the device comprises a raw oil storage tank, a self-cleaning filter connected with an outlet of the raw oil storage tank, and a high-position acid storage tank, wherein the outlets of the high-position acid storage tank and the self-cleaning filter are conveyed through a pipeline and are mixed by a first high-shear mixing pump and then are conveyed into an acid reaction tank for treatment, the outlet of the acid reaction tank is communicated with an inlet pipeline of an enzyme reaction tank through a pipeline after being mixed by a high-pressure pump and an alkali liquor from an alkali liquor tank through a slurry type mixing pump, the inlet pipeline of the enzyme reaction tank is provided with a second high-shear mixing pump, an inlet pipeline of the second high-shear mixing pump is communicated with a hot water pipeline and an outlet pipeline of the enzyme liquid tank, the outlet of the enzyme reaction tank is communicated with an inlet of a degumming centrifuge through a pipeline and a high-pressure pump, the light-phase degumming oil after degumming separation is dried and stored, and the heavy-phase oil residue enters an oil residue tank for storage.
2. The deep enzymatic degumming apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-position acid storage tank is also provided with a blending tank, and the acid liquid is pumped to the high-position acid storage tank by a high-pressure pump for storage after being blended in the blending tank.
3. The deep enzymatic degumming apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: the degumming centrifugal machine is also provided with a hot water inlet pipeline, and the light-phase degumming oil is communicated with the drying and separating process.
4. The deep enzymatic degumming apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the number of the enzyme reaction tanks is two, and the two enzyme reaction tanks are connected in series.
5. The deep enzymatic degumming process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) pretreatment of raw oil: sending raw oil from a raw oil storage tank into a self-cleaning filter for filtering, heating the raw oil to 60 ℃ by a heater, mixing the raw oil with acid from a high-level acid storage tank, and sending the mixture into an acid reaction tank for reaction to carry out pre-degumming;
(2) enzyme degumming: adjusting the pH value of the solution from the acid reaction tank to 5.3-5.7 with alkali liquor, mixing with water and phospholipase at 50-55 deg.C, stirring and mixing in the enzyme reaction tank, degumming and separating in a degumming centrifuge, drying the separated light phase product, storing in a storage tank, and storing the separated heavy phase colloid in an oil residue tank.
6. The deep enzymatic degumming process according to claim 5, characterized by: the acid solution in the step (1) is citric acid, and the citric acid is citric acid with the mass concentration of 50%.
7. The deep enzymatic degumming process according to claim 5, characterized by: the concentration of the alkali liquor in the step (2) is 6 Baume degrees, and the concentration of the phospholipase is 6L/m3The phospholipase is pumped into oil at the adding speed of 20-100kg/h, the adding amount of the phospholipase is 0.02-0.1kg of pure enzyme added to each ton of raw oil, 1-1.5% of water is required to be added into the centrifugal degumming machine for centrifugal degumming, and the phosphorus content of the raw oil after degumming is reduced to 5-15 ppm.
8. The deep enzymatic degumming process according to claim 7, characterized by: the phospholipase is at least one of phospholipase A1, phospholipase A2, and phospholipase C.
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2021
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