CN114368324A - Fuel cell thermal management system, control method thereof and vehicle - Google Patents
Fuel cell thermal management system, control method thereof and vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114368324A CN114368324A CN202210055259.0A CN202210055259A CN114368324A CN 114368324 A CN114368324 A CN 114368324A CN 202210055259 A CN202210055259 A CN 202210055259A CN 114368324 A CN114368324 A CN 114368324A
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- cell stack
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/31—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for starting of fuel cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/03—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant and from a source other than the propulsion plant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
- B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
- B60L58/34—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04723—Temperature of the coolant
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/88—Optimized components or subsystems, e.g. lighting, actively controlled glasses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell heat management system, a control method thereof and a vehicle, comprising the following steps: a fuel cell stack capable of heating a heat exchange medium; the heating system is used for heating the passenger compartment; the catalytic combustion device is used for heating a heat exchange medium and is communicated with a heating system through a pipeline; the heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchange passage and a second heat exchange passage, the first heat exchange passage is communicated with the fuel cell stack, and the second heat exchange passage is communicated with the catalytic combustion device and the heating system. When the galvanic pile is started at a low temperature, the catalytic combustion device heats a heat exchange medium, and the high-temperature medium is supplied to the galvanic pile through the heat exchanger to assist in heating the galvanic pile. Meanwhile, the catalytic combustion device can also supply high-temperature medium to a heating system to supply heat for the passenger compartment, so that the comfort of the passenger compartment is improved. Therefore, PTC is not needed, the catalytic combustion device is utilized to simultaneously heat the galvanic pile and heat the passenger compartment, the energy consumption of the system is greatly reduced, the cost is saved, and the low-temperature endurance mileage of the vehicle is favorably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell thermal management system, a control method thereof and a vehicle.
Background
In new energy automobiles, the fuel cell system has the advantages of no pollution, short hydrogenation time, long driving distance, strong environmental adaptability and the like, so the fuel cell system has wide application prospect. When the fuel cell is started at a low Temperature, auxiliary heating is required, and the most common method at present is to heat the stack coolant by using a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heater to heat the stack. Meanwhile, a PTC heater is added to the warm air circuit to heat the passenger compartment.
However, the whole thermal management system adopts a plurality of PTC heaters, so that the use cost is high, the power consumption requirement is high, and the energy consumption of the system is high. In addition, under a low-temperature environment, the discharge capacity of the power battery is reduced, and when the power battery supplies power to the plurality of PTC heaters, the power battery may be fully discharged or even lack of power, so that the low-temperature endurance mileage of the fuel cell vehicle is affected.
Therefore, how to solve the problems that when the fuel cell is started at a low temperature in the prior art, the PTC heater is used, the cost is high, the power consumption is high, the energy consumption of the thermal management system is too high, and the low-temperature endurance mileage of the fuel cell vehicle is influenced becomes an important technical problem to be solved by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell heat management system, a control method thereof and a vehicle, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, when a fuel cell is started at a low temperature, a PTC heater is used, the cost is high, the power consumption is high, the energy consumption of the heat management system is too high, and the low-temperature endurance mileage of the fuel cell vehicle is influenced.
The invention provides a fuel cell thermal management system, comprising:
a fuel cell stack capable of heating a heat exchange medium;
the heating system is used for heating the passenger compartment;
the catalytic combustion device is provided with a first inlet communicated with an air source and a second inlet communicated with a fuel gas source, the catalytic combustion device is used for heating the heat exchange medium, and the catalytic combustion device is communicated with the heating system through a pipeline;
the heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchange passage and a second heat exchange passage which exchange heat with each other, the first heat exchange passage is communicated with the fuel cell stack through a pipeline, and the second heat exchange passage is communicated with the catalytic combustion device and the heating system through a pipeline.
The fuel cell thermal management system provided by the invention further comprises a first control device, and the first control device is used for controlling the on-off of the heat exchanger and the fuel cell stack.
According to the fuel cell thermal management system provided by the invention, the first control device comprises a thermostat, and the thermostat is used for controlling the on-off of the heat exchanger and the fuel cell stack.
The fuel cell heat management system provided by the invention further comprises a second control device, wherein the second control device is used for controlling the gas flow of the first inlet and the second inlet.
According to the fuel cell thermal management system provided by the present invention, the second control means includes:
the first air inlet pipeline is respectively connected with the air source and the first inlet;
the first control valve is arranged on the first air inlet pipeline and is used for controlling the air flow of the first air inlet pipeline;
the second air inlet pipeline is respectively connected with the fuel gas source and the second inlet;
and the second control valve is arranged on the second air inlet pipeline and is used for controlling the air flow of the second air inlet pipeline.
According to the fuel cell thermal management system provided by the present invention, the second control device further includes:
the first check valve is arranged on the first air inlet pipeline and communicated along the direction from the air source to the first inlet;
and the second one-way valve is arranged on the second air inlet pipeline and is communicated along the direction from the fuel gas source to the second inlet.
According to the fuel cell thermal management system provided by the invention, the fuel cell thermal management system further comprises a heat dissipation system, wherein the heat dissipation system comprises:
the radiator is used for cooling the heat exchange medium and is connected with the fuel cell stack through a pipeline;
and the third control device is used for controlling the on-off of the radiator and the fuel cell stack.
The fuel cell thermal management system provided by the invention further comprises a filter, the fuel cell stack is provided with a heat exchange medium inlet and a heat exchange medium outlet, and the filter is arranged at the heat exchange medium inlet and/or the heat exchange medium outlet.
The invention also provides a control method of the fuel cell thermal management system, which is based on the fuel cell thermal management system, and comprises the following steps:
determining that the fuel cell stack is in a low-temperature start state;
and controlling the catalytic combustion device to heat the heat exchange medium, supplying a high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heating system, and supplying the high-temperature heat exchange medium to the fuel cell stack through the heat exchanger.
The control method of the fuel cell thermal management system provided by the invention further comprises the following steps:
determining that the fuel cell stack is in a normal working state, and judging whether the passenger compartment needs to be heated or not;
and under the condition that the passenger compartment needs to be heated, controlling the fuel cell stack to supply a high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heating system through the heat exchanger.
The invention also provides a vehicle comprising a fuel cell thermal management system as defined in any one of the above.
The invention provides a fuel cell thermal management system, comprising: a fuel cell stack capable of heating a heat exchange medium; the heating system is used for heating the passenger compartment; the catalytic combustion device is provided with a first inlet communicated with an air source and a second inlet communicated with a fuel gas source, the catalytic combustion device is used for heating a heat exchange medium, and the catalytic combustion device is communicated with a heating system through a pipeline; the heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchange passage and a second heat exchange passage which exchange heat with each other, the first heat exchange passage is communicated with the fuel cell stack through a pipeline, and the second heat exchange passage is communicated with the catalytic combustion device and the heating system through a pipeline. According to the arrangement, when the fuel cell stack is started at a low temperature, the catalytic combustion device heats the heat exchange medium, and the high-temperature heat exchange medium is supplied to the fuel cell stack through the heat exchanger to assist in heating the fuel cell stack. Meanwhile, the catalytic combustion device can also supply a high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heating system to supply heat for the passenger cabin, so that the comfort of the passenger cabin is improved. Therefore, a PTC heater is not needed, the catalytic combustion device is utilized to heat the fuel cell stack and heat the passenger compartment simultaneously, the system energy consumption is greatly reduced, the cost is saved, the low-temperature endurance mileage of the vehicle is improved, and the problems that the PTC heater is used when the fuel cell is started at a low temperature in the prior art, the cost is high, the power consumption is high, the energy consumption of a thermal management system is overhigh, and the low-temperature endurance mileage of the fuel cell vehicle is influenced are effectively solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell thermal management system provided by the present invention;
reference numerals:
1: a fuel cell stack; 2: a first water pump; 3: a warm air core body;
4: a second water pump; 5: a catalytic combustion device; 6: a first inlet;
7: a second inlet; 8: a heat exchanger; 9: a first air intake line;
10: a first control valve; 11: a second air intake line; 12: a second control valve;
13: a first check valve; 14: a second one-way valve; 15: a heat sink;
16: a first thermostat; 17: a second thermostat; 18: a heat exchange medium inlet;
19: a heat exchange medium outlet; 20: a filter; 21: a first flow meter;
22: an air compressor; 23: an intercooler; 24: a humidifier;
25: a first tail drain valve; 26: a second tail valve; 27: a steam-water separator;
28: a circulation pump; 29: a pressure relief valve; 30: a proportional valve;
31: a first sensor; 32: a second sensor; 33: a second flow meter;
34: a third flow meter; 35: a warm air loop; 36: a heating loop;
37: a small circulation loop; 38: a large circulation loop.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The fuel cell thermal management system of the present invention is described below in conjunction with fig. 1.
The embodiment of the invention provides a fuel cell heat management system which comprises a fuel cell stack 1, a heating system, a catalytic combustion device 5 and a heat exchanger 8. The fuel cell stack 1 is an important component of a fuel cell vehicle, and air and fuel gas, generally hydrogen, are introduced into the fuel cell stack 1. As shown in FIG. 1, the left end is an air source and the right end is a hydrogen source. Air enters the fuel cell stack 1 through an air compressor 22, an intercooler 23, a humidifier 24 and the like, and undergoes an oxidation-reduction reaction with introduced hydrogen to convert chemical energy into electric energy. Meanwhile, the fuel cell stack 1 can generate waste heat in the operation process, and when the fuel cell stack 1 works normally, the generated waste heat can be used for heating a heat exchange medium so as to supply heat to the outside. The fuel cell stack 1 is provided with a heat exchange medium passage for exchanging heat with a heat exchange medium. In addition, a first water pump 2 is also arranged and used for providing power for the circulation of the heat exchange medium of the fuel cell stack 1.
The air exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 is discharged through the first tail valve 25, and the hydrogen exhaust gas passes through the steam-water separator 27 and is discharged through the second tail valve 26. Part of the hydrogen gas can be returned to the fuel cell stack 1 again by the circulation pump 28, and recovered and reused. In addition, as shown in fig. 1, a relief valve 29 may be provided, and when the gas pressure exceeds the set pressure of the relief valve 29, the relief may be performed, thereby ensuring safe operation of the system. A first flow meter 21 for monitoring the air flow rate and a proportional valve 30 for adjusting the hydrogen flow rate may be further provided in order to control the air flow rate and the hydrogen flow rate flowing into the fuel cell stack 1 according to the actual use demand of the fuel cell vehicle, improve the utilization rate of the raw materials, and sufficiently perform the electrochemical reaction.
The heating system is used for heating the passenger cabin, and particularly comprises a warm air core body 3 and a second water pump 4, and the heating requirement of the passenger cabin can be met through the warm air core body 3. The catalytic combustion device 5 is provided with a first inlet 6 communicated with an air source and a second inlet 7 communicated with a hydrogen source, and releases heat through chemical reaction under the action of a catalyst to heat a heat exchange medium. The catalytic combustion device 5 is communicated with a heating system through a pipeline, so that heat exchange can be carried out between the catalytic combustion device and the heating system, and the catalytic combustion device is used for heating a passenger compartment. The catalytic combustion device 5 is an existing common catalytic combustion heater, does not need a power battery for power supply, can directly utilize a hydrogen source of a fuel cell, is convenient for using raw materials and has lower cost.
The heat exchanger 8 comprises a first heat exchange passage and a second heat exchange passage which exchange heat with each other, the first heat exchange passage is communicated with the fuel cell stack 1 through a pipeline, and the second heat exchange passage is communicated with the catalytic combustion device 5 and the heating system through a pipeline, so that the catalytic combustion device 5 and the heating system can exchange heat with the fuel cell stack 1 through the heat exchanger 8. Further, temperature detecting means may be provided for detecting the inlet and outlet temperatures of the fuel cell stack 1 so as to adjust the flow rates of the first water pump 2 and the second water pump 4, thereby controlling the heat exchange amount of the fuel cell stack 1. Specifically, the temperature detection means includes a first sensor 31 and a second sensor 32, for example, a temperature and pressure integrated sensor is used.
When the fuel cell stack 1 is in a low-temperature start state, auxiliary heating is required, and at this time, a large amount of heat is released by the reaction of the catalytic combustion device 5 to heat the heat exchange medium, and the high-temperature heat exchange medium is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 via the heat exchanger 8 to heat the fuel cell stack 1. Meanwhile, the catalytic combustion device 5 can also supply a high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heating system to supply heat for the passenger cabin, so that the comfort of the passenger cabin is improved. When the fuel cell stack 1 is in a normal working state, the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack 1 can also supply a high-temperature heat exchange medium to a heating system through the heat exchanger 8 to heat the passenger compartment.
Therefore, a PTC heater is not needed, the catalytic combustion device 5 can be used for heating the fuel cell stack 1 and supplying heat to the passenger compartment, the energy consumption of the system is greatly reduced, the cost is saved, the low-temperature endurance mileage of the vehicle is improved, and the problems that the PTC heater is used when the fuel cell is started at a low temperature in the prior art, the cost is high, the power consumption is high, the energy consumption of a thermal management system is too high, and the low-temperature endurance mileage of the fuel cell vehicle is influenced are effectively solved. In addition, when the fuel cell stack 1 works normally, the waste heat of the fuel cell stack 1 can be used for heating the passenger compartment through the heat exchanger 8, so that the heating requirement of the passenger compartment is met, the energy consumption of the system is further reduced, and the utilization rate of fuel gas is improved.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cell thermal management system further includes a first control device, and the first control device is configured to control on/off of the heat exchanger 8 and the fuel cell stack 1. Specifically, the first control means includes a thermostat, and an electronic thermostat is mounted on a connection line of the heat exchanger 8 and the fuel cell stack 1. The on-off of the connecting pipeline and the flow of the pipeline are controlled by adjusting the opening of the valve of the thermostat, so that the on-off of the heat exchanger 8 and the fuel cell stack 1 can be controlled, and the use requirements under different working scenes can be met.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cell thermal management system further includes a second control device, and the second control device is configured to control the gas flow rates of the first inlet 6 and the second inlet 7. Therefore, the flow of air and hydrogen can be adjusted according to the heat demand of the system, the heat generated by the catalytic combustion device 5 is reasonably utilized, the resource waste is avoided, and the energy is saved.
In particular, the second control means comprise a first inlet line 9, a first control valve 10, a second inlet line 11, and a second control valve 12. As shown in fig. 1, a first inlet line 9 is connected to the air supply and the first inlet 6, respectively, and a first control valve 10 is arranged on the first inlet line 9. The first control valve 10 may be a proportional valve for controlling the gas flow of the first inlet line 9. A second gas inlet pipeline 11 is respectively connected with the gas source and the second inlet 7, and a second control valve 12 is arranged on the second gas inlet pipeline 11. The second control valve 12 may be a proportional valve for controlling the gas flow of the second inlet line 11. So that the air and hydrogen flow rates required for the catalytic combustion unit 5 can be conveniently adjusted by controlling the two proportional valves. Furthermore, the first inlet line 9 and the second inlet line 11 are equipped with a second flow meter 33 and a third flow meter 34, respectively, for visually monitoring the air and hydrogen flow rates.
Further, the second control device also comprises a first check valve 13 and a second check valve 14. As shown in fig. 1, a first non return valve 13 is arranged in the first inlet line 9 and opens in the direction of the air source to the first inlet 6. A second non return valve 14 is arranged on the second inlet line 11 and opens in the direction of the hydrogen source to the second inlet 7. Thus, the gas flowing back to the catalytic combustion device 5 can be prevented from flowing back, and the gas source pollution can be prevented.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cell thermal management system further comprises a heat dissipation system, and the heat dissipation system comprises a radiator 15 and a third control device. The radiator 15 is used for cooling the heat exchange medium, and is connected to the fuel cell stack 1 through a pipe. The third control device may be an electronic thermostat, and the thermostat is adjusted to control the on/off of the radiator 15 and the fuel cell stack 1. When the fuel cell stack 1 is operating normally, the heat generated by it needs to be removed so as not to affect the cell performance. At this time, the thermostat is adjusted to communicate the radiator 15 with the pipeline of the fuel cell stack 1, and the radiator 15 exchanges heat with the outside air to take away the heat generated by the fuel cell stack 1.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cell thermal management system further includes a filter 20, the fuel cell stack 1 is provided with a heat exchange medium inlet 18 and a heat exchange medium outlet 19, and the filter 20 is disposed at the heat exchange medium inlet 18 and/or the heat exchange medium outlet 19. Therefore, the heat exchange medium can be filtered, the pipeline is prevented from being blocked, and the normal operation of the system is ensured.
The control method of the fuel cell thermal management system provided by the invention is described below, and the control method of the fuel cell thermal management system described below and the fuel cell thermal management system described above can be referred to correspondingly.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a control method of the fuel cell thermal management system, which is based on the fuel cell thermal management system in the embodiments and comprises the following steps:
determining that the fuel cell stack 1 is in a low-temperature start-up state;
the catalytic combustion device 5 is controlled to heat the heat exchange medium, the high-temperature heat exchange medium is supplied to the heating system, and the high-temperature heat exchange medium is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 through the heat exchanger 8.
So set up, heat fuel cell stack 1 through catalytic combustion device 5, realized fuel cell stack 1 low temperature start-up auxiliary heating function, still carry out the heat exchange through catalytic combustion device 5 and heating system simultaneously, for passenger cabin heating. Therefore, the catalytic combustion device 5 can meet the requirements of low-temperature starting of the fuel cell and heating of the passenger compartment at the same time, a plurality of PTC heaters are not needed, the dependence on the power cell is eliminated, the power consumption of the system is reduced, the cost is saved, and the low-temperature endurance mileage of the vehicle is favorably improved.
Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the method for controlling the thermal management system of the fuel cell further includes the steps of:
determining that the fuel cell stack 1 is in a normal working state, and judging whether a passenger compartment needs to be heated or not;
in case that the passenger compartment needs to be heated, the fuel cell stack 1 is controlled to supply a high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heating system through the heat exchanger 8.
When the fuel cell stack 1 normally operates, a large amount of waste heat can be generated, the stack waste heat is used for heating the passenger compartment through the heat exchanger 8, and the comfort of the passenger compartment is improved, so that the power consumption of the whole heat management system can be reduced, and the comprehensive utilization rate of hydrogen is improved. Wherein, whether the passenger compartment needs heating can be judged through a signal fed back by the passenger compartment operation panel.
In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, the method for controlling a thermal management system of a fuel cell further includes: when it is determined that the fuel cell stack 1 is in the temperature-increasing state, the heat exchanger 8 may be shut off from the fuel cell stack 1 by the first control means. At the moment, the catalytic combustion device 5 is not needed to assist in heating the fuel cell, and the temperature rise requirement of the galvanic pile can be met by the galvanic pile through self heat production circulation, so that the energy consumption of the system is reduced.
The fuel cell thermal management system and the control method thereof according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the above embodiments. The fuel cell thermal management system comprises a fuel cell stack 1, a heating system, a catalytic combustion device 5, a heat exchanger 8, a radiator 15, a first thermostat 16, a second thermostat 17 and the like.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the heating system includes a warm air core 3 and a second water pump 4, and is connected to the catalytic combustion device 5 and the heat exchanger 8 through pipelines to form a warm air loop 35, so that the catalytic combustion device 5 is utilized to heat a heat exchange medium, and a passenger compartment can be heated.
The fuel cell stack 1, the first thermostat 16, the second thermostat 17, and the heat exchanger 8 are connected by pipes to form a heating loop 36. On one hand, the catalytic combustion device 5 exchanges heat with the fuel cell stack 1 through the heat exchanger 8, and the low-temperature auxiliary heating requirement of the fuel cell is met. On the other hand, the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack 1 can exchange heat with the warm air loop 35 through the heat exchanger 8, and the waste heat of the electric stack is used for heating the passenger compartment.
In addition, the fuel cell stack 1 and the first thermostat 16 form a small circulation loop 37 so that the fuel cell can be warmed up by its own heat generation.
In addition, the fuel cell stack 1, the first thermostat 16, the second thermostat 17, and the radiator 15 form a large circulation loop 38, so that the heat of the fuel cell can be dissipated by exchanging heat with the outside air through the radiator 15 during normal operation of the fuel cell. The first thermostat 16 and the second thermostat 17 act together to control the on-off of the heat exchanger 8 and the fuel cell stack 1, so as to switch the heat exchange loops according to different working conditions. Meanwhile, the first thermostat 16 can also control the on-off of the small circulation loop 37 so as to be suitable for the temperature rising state of the fuel cell. The second thermostat 17 can also control the on-off of the large circulation loop 38 to meet the heat dissipation requirement of the fuel cell.
As shown in fig. 1, the specific control process is as follows:
when the fuel cell stack 1 is in a low-temperature start-up state, auxiliary heating is required. The first thermostat 16 and the second thermostat 17 connect the fuel cell stack 1 and the heat exchanger 8, so that the stack heat exchange medium flows through the heating loop 36. Meanwhile, the hydrogen and the air react in the catalytic combustion device 5 to heat the heat exchange medium of the warm air loop 35. The heat exchange medium of the warm air loop 35 sequentially flows through the heat exchanger 8 and the warm air core body 3, so that the requirements of auxiliary heating of the electric pile, heating, defrosting and demisting of the passenger compartment and the like are met. In addition, the flow rates of the first water pump 2 and the second water pump 4 can be controlled according to the heating requirement of the passenger compartment and the inlet and outlet temperature of the galvanic pile, and the air and hydrogen flow rates are controlled by adjusting the first control valve 10 and the second control valve 12, so that resources are optimally configured and fully utilized. In this way, the catalytic combustion device 5 is used to meet both the low-temperature start-up of the fuel cell and the heating requirement of the passenger compartment.
When the fuel cell stack 1 is in the temperature-increasing state, the stack does not require auxiliary heating. At this time, the second thermostat 17 is closed, the first thermostat 16 is communicated with the small circulation loop 37, heat exchange with the warm air loop 35 is not performed, and the fuel cell can meet the heating requirement by means of self heat generation and temperature rise. If the passenger compartment has a heating requirement, the catalytic combustion device 5 independently heats the warm air loop 35 to meet the heating requirement of the passenger compartment. If there is no heating demand in the passenger compartment, the second water pump 4 and the first and second control valves 10 and 12 are all in the closed state.
When the fuel cell stack 1 is in a normal working state, the waste heat generated by the stack can be used for meeting the heating requirement of the passenger compartment. If the passenger compartment has a heating requirement, the first thermostat 16 and the second thermostat 17 communicate the fuel cell stack 1 with the heat exchanger 8, so that the stack heat exchange medium flows through the heating loop 36, the stack heat exchange medium heats the heat exchange medium of the warm air loop 35 through the heat exchanger 8, and the passenger compartment heating requirement is met through the warm air core body 3. Meanwhile, the second thermostat 17 is also communicated with a large circulation loop 38, and redundant heat is dissipated through the large circulation loop 38. In addition, the opening degrees of the first thermostat 16 and the second thermostat 17 and the flow rates of the first water pump 2 and the second water pump 4 can be adjusted in real time according to the heating requirement of the passenger compartment and the inlet and outlet temperatures of the electric pile. If the passenger compartment has no heating requirement, the second water pump 4 is closed, the second thermostat 17 is only communicated with the large circulation loop 38, the heat exchange medium of the electric pile only flows through the large circulation loop 38, and the heat generated by the electric pile is completely taken away through the radiator 15.
In summary, the heating loop 36 is added, the catalytic combustion device 5 and the heat exchanger 8 are added in the warm air loop 35, the heat exchange between the warm air loop 35 and the heating loop 36 can be realized through the heat exchanger 8, and the switching between different loops can be realized by controlling the first thermostat 16 and the second thermostat 17, etc., so as to meet the requirements of different working conditions of the whole vehicle. The invention does not need to use a PTC heater to assist the cold start of the electric pile, and simultaneously realizes the low-temperature cold start function of the fuel cell and the heating function of the passenger compartment by utilizing the catalytic combustion device 5, thereby improving the comfort of the passenger compartment. Meanwhile, the waste heat of the fuel cell is used for heating the passenger compartment, so that the comprehensive utilization rate of hydrogen is improved, and the low-temperature endurance mileage of the vehicle is favorably improved.
The following describes a vehicle provided by the present invention, and the vehicle described below and the fuel cell thermal management system described above may be referred to in correspondence with each other.
Embodiments of the present invention further provide a vehicle including a fuel cell thermal management system as in the above embodiments. With this arrangement, when the fuel cell stack 1 is started up at a low temperature, the catalytic combustion device 5 heats the heat exchange medium, and the heat exchanger 8 supplies the high-temperature heat exchange medium to the fuel cell stack 1 to assist in heating the fuel cell stack 1. Meanwhile, the catalytic combustion device 5 can also supply a high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heating system to supply heat for the passenger cabin, so that the comfort of the passenger cabin is improved. Therefore, a PTC heater is not needed, the catalytic combustion device 5 can be used for heating the fuel cell stack 1 and supplying heat to the passenger compartment, the system energy consumption is greatly reduced, the cost is saved, the low-temperature endurance mileage of the vehicle is improved, and the problems that the PTC heater is used when the fuel cell is started at a low temperature in the prior art, the cost is high, the power consumption is high, the energy consumption of a thermal management system is too high, and the low-temperature endurance mileage of the fuel cell vehicle is influenced are effectively solved. The derivation process of the beneficial effect is substantially similar to the derivation process of the beneficial effect of the fuel cell thermal management system, and therefore, the description is omitted here.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A fuel cell thermal management system, comprising:
a fuel cell stack capable of heating a heat exchange medium;
the heating system is used for heating the passenger compartment;
the catalytic combustion device is provided with a first inlet communicated with an air source and a second inlet communicated with a fuel gas source, the catalytic combustion device is used for heating the heat exchange medium, and the catalytic combustion device is communicated with the heating system through a pipeline;
the heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchange passage and a second heat exchange passage which exchange heat with each other, the first heat exchange passage is communicated with the fuel cell stack through a pipeline, and the second heat exchange passage is communicated with the catalytic combustion device and the heating system through a pipeline.
2. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 1, further comprising a first control device for controlling the switching of the heat exchanger to the fuel cell stack.
3. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 2, wherein the first control device comprises a thermostat for controlling the switching of the heat exchanger to the fuel cell stack.
4. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 1, further comprising a second control device for controlling the gas flow of the first inlet and the second inlet.
5. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 4, wherein the second control means comprises:
the first air inlet pipeline is respectively connected with the air source and the first inlet;
the first control valve is arranged on the first air inlet pipeline and is used for controlling the air flow of the first air inlet pipeline;
the second air inlet pipeline is respectively connected with the fuel gas source and the second inlet;
and the second control valve is arranged on the second air inlet pipeline and is used for controlling the air flow of the second air inlet pipeline.
6. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 5, wherein the second control means further comprises:
the first check valve is arranged on the first air inlet pipeline and communicated along the direction from the air source to the first inlet;
and the second one-way valve is arranged on the second air inlet pipeline and is communicated along the direction from the fuel gas source to the second inlet.
7. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 1, further comprising a heat dissipation system comprising:
the radiator is used for cooling the heat exchange medium and is connected with the fuel cell stack through a pipeline;
and the third control device is used for controlling the on-off of the radiator and the fuel cell stack.
8. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 1, further comprising a filter, the fuel cell stack being provided with a heat exchange medium inlet and a heat exchange medium outlet, the filter being provided at the heat exchange medium inlet and/or the heat exchange medium outlet.
9. A fuel cell thermal management system control method based on the fuel cell thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
determining that the fuel cell stack is in a low-temperature start state;
and controlling the catalytic combustion device to heat the heat exchange medium, supplying a high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heating system, and supplying the high-temperature heat exchange medium to the fuel cell stack through the heat exchanger.
10. The fuel cell thermal management system control method according to claim 9, further comprising the step of:
determining that the fuel cell stack is in a normal working state, and judging whether the passenger compartment needs to be heated or not;
and under the condition that the passenger compartment needs to be heated, controlling the fuel cell stack to supply a high-temperature heat exchange medium to the heating system through the heat exchanger.
11. A vehicle comprising a fuel cell thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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