CN114368279A - Vehicle thermal management control system and method - Google Patents

Vehicle thermal management control system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114368279A
CN114368279A CN202011096395.1A CN202011096395A CN114368279A CN 114368279 A CN114368279 A CN 114368279A CN 202011096395 A CN202011096395 A CN 202011096395A CN 114368279 A CN114368279 A CN 114368279A
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temperature
heat transfer
thermal management
transfer medium
heat
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CN114368279B (en
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柴昕升
林成靖
吴远波
王诗嘉
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Vitesco Technologies Holding China Co Ltd
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Vitesco Technologies Holding China Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/004—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for vehicles having a combustion engine and electric drive means, e.g. hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/84—Data processing systems or methods, management, administration

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a thermal management control system for a vehicle, the thermal management control system comprising: a closed circuit in which a heat transfer medium flows, including a temperature control object, a pump, a heat exchanger through which the heat transfer medium passes and which exchanges heat with a source fluid serving as a heat source or a heat sink; and a thermal management controller comprising: a circuit heat transfer calculation unit that calculates a heat transfer demand of the circuit; a heat transfer medium flow rate calculation unit that calculates a heat transfer medium flow rate demand adjustment range; a pump rotational speed calculation unit that calculates a pump rotational speed demand adjustment range; and a heat transfer medium temperature calculation unit that calculates a current temperature control capability of the circuit based on the current temperature of the temperature control object, the current temperature of the heat transfer medium, the current temperature of the source fluid, and the heat transfer characteristic parameters of the temperature control object and the heat exchanger, and calculates a heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range based on the calculated current temperature control capability. The invention also relates to a thermal management control method for a vehicle.

Description

Vehicle thermal management control system and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle thermal management, in particular to a vehicle thermal management control system and a vehicle thermal management control method.
Background
At present, energy shortage, petroleum crisis and environmental pollution are getting more and more severe, which bring great influence to people's life and directly relate to the sustainable development of national economy and society. New energy technologies are actively developed in all countries of the world. In new energy vehicles such as electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, a battery pack is a key component, and the performance of the battery pack directly affects the performance of the new energy vehicles. Due to the fact that the space of a vehicle is limited, heat generated in the working process of the battery is accumulated, temperature at all positions is uneven, the uniformity of the battery monomer is affected, the charge-discharge cycle efficiency of the battery is reduced, the power and energy exertion of the battery are affected, and thermal runaway can be caused in severe cases. In order to optimize the performance and life of the battery pack, it is necessary to thermally manage the battery and control the battery temperature within a reasonable range (for example, to heat the power battery when the ambient temperature is low). In addition to the battery, the temperature control objects of the thermal management system of the entire vehicle are a drive motor, an electric drive, a cockpit, a direct current-to-direct current converter (DCDC), an on-board battery charger (OBC), an air cooling device, a cell stack, and the like.
CN 103328248A proposes a thermal management control method, in which the heating value of a power element is calculated according to the measured current motor torque and rotation speed, and the cooling performance of the system is calculated by combining the current temperature of the heat transfer medium and the ambient temperature, so as to regulate and control the rotation speed of a circulating pump and a fan in a cooling loop.
JP 2019 and 189083A also propose a thermal management control method in which the rotational speeds of a water pump and a fan in a cooling circuit are determined based on a mode of cabin heating or cooling, and whether the temperature of a motor exceeds a threshold value is estimated from the vehicle speed.
The thermal management control method disclosed in CN 108072384 a predicts battery power based on expected power requirements and according to a destination navigation plan, and plans in advance the heating or cooling needs for the battery.
However, the thermal management control methods disclosed in the prior art do not precisely control the temperature control objects and give no special consideration to the energy consumption of the thermal management actuators, thus resulting in the problem of achieving the thermal management control requirements at the expense of consuming more energy from the thermal management actuators.
Accordingly, the present invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the problems set forth above.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a control method, particularly a control method based on the temperature change rate of a temperature control object and the temperature control capability of a system, for accurately satisfying the cold and heat management requirements of the temperature control object in real time.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a thermal management control system for a vehicle, the thermal management control system including: a closed circuit in which a heat transfer medium flows, including a temperature-controlled object, a pump pumping the heat transfer medium to flow through the temperature-controlled object, a heat exchanger through which the heat transfer medium passes and which exchanges heat with a source fluid serving as a heat source or a heat sink; and a thermal management controller that controls the closed loop, wherein the thermal management controller comprises:
a circuit heat transfer calculation unit that calculates a heat transfer demand of the circuit based on an expected temperature change rate set for the temperature-controlled object and the input heat flow model of the temperature-controlled object;
a heat transfer medium flow rate calculation unit that calculates a heat transfer medium flow rate demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer demand;
a pump rotational speed calculation unit that calculates a pump rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium flow demand adjustment range; and
and a heat transfer medium temperature calculation unit that calculates a current temperature control capability of the circuit based on the current temperature of the temperature control target, the current temperature of the heat transfer medium, the current temperature of the source fluid, and the heat transfer characteristic parameters of the temperature control target and the heat exchanger, and calculates a heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range based on the calculated current temperature control capability.
Advantageously, the heat transfer medium temperature operation section is further configured to calculate a required temperature control capability of the circuit based on the measured current stable heat transfer amount of the temperature controlled object and the inputted current reserved heat transfer capability.
Advantageously, the heat transfer medium temperature arithmetic section is further configured to calculate a heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range based on the calculated current temperature control capability and the demanded temperature control capability of the circuit.
Advantageously, the source fluid is ambient air, the circuit includes a fan for causing the ambient air to exchange heat with a heat transfer medium in the heat exchanger, and the thermal management controller further includes a fan speed calculation section that calculates a fan speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range and the heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger.
Advantageously, the thermal management controller further includes an optimization operation section that calculates optimal adjustment values of the pump rotational speed and the fan rotational speed with a view to minimizing a sum of power consumptions of the pump and the fan, based on the calculated pump rotational speed demand adjustment range and fan rotational speed demand adjustment range.
Advantageously, the optimization algorithm is connected to a power planning model module for the vehicle for inputting the sum of the power consumptions of the pump and the fan as feedback information to the power planning model module.
Advantageously, the thermal management controller comprises a heat flow model module of the temperature controlled object, the heat flow model module being connected to the power planning model module for receiving power planning model inputs from the power planning model module.
Advantageously, the power planning model module is connected to the internet of vehicles information module for receiving input from the internet of vehicles information module.
Advantageously, the loop heat transfer operation section inputs the calculated heat transfer demand of the loop as feedback information to the power planning model module.
Advantageously, the thermal management controller includes a temperature change rate correction section of the temperature control object that performs correction calculation based on comparison of a temperature change rate of the temperature control object measured in real time and a preset expected temperature change rate and inputs the correction result to the loop heat transfer operation section as a correction value of the expected temperature change rate.
Advantageously, the temperature control object is selected from one of a drive motor, a power battery, DCDC, OBC, a cabin, an air cooling device, and a stack.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a thermal management control system for a vehicle, the thermal management control system comprising: a closed circuit in which a heat transfer medium flows, including a plurality of temperature control objects connected in series, a pump pumping the heat transfer medium to flow through the temperature control objects, a heat exchanger through which the heat transfer medium passes and which exchanges heat with a source fluid serving as a heat source or a heat sink; and a thermal management controller that controls the closed loop, wherein the thermal management controller comprises:
a temperature controlled object processing unit that processes the series of temperature controlled objects into a single equivalent temperature controlled object,
a circuit heat transfer calculation unit that calculates a heat transfer demand of the circuit based on an expected temperature change rate set for the equivalent temperature-controlled object and the inputted heat flow model of the equivalent temperature-controlled object;
a heat transfer medium flow rate calculation unit that calculates a heat transfer medium flow rate demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer demand;
a pump rotational speed calculation unit that calculates a pump rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium flow demand adjustment range; and
a heat transfer medium temperature calculation unit that calculates a current temperature control capability of the circuit based on a current temperature of the equivalent temperature control object, a current temperature of the heat transfer medium, a current temperature of the source fluid, and heat transfer characteristic parameters of the equivalent temperature control object and the heat exchanger, and calculates a heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range based on the calculated current temperature control capability;
and a rotation speed selection unit that selects a pump rotation speed value suitable for pump control from the calculated pump rotation speed demand adjustment range, based on the temperature allowable range and the temperature change rate allowable range set for each temperature control object.
Advantageously, the source fluid is ambient air, the circuit includes a fan for causing the ambient air to exchange heat with a heat transfer medium in the heat exchanger, the thermal management controller further includes a fan rotational speed calculation section that calculates a fan rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range and the heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger, and the rotational speed selection section is configured to select a corresponding fan rotational speed value suitable for fan control from the calculated fan rotational speed demand adjustment range based on a temperature allowable range and a temperature change rate allowable range set for each temperature control object.
Advantageously, the temperature-controlled object processing section is configured to perform equivalent calculation based on an expected temperature change rate of each temperature-controlled object, a mass-to-specific heat capacity of each temperature-controlled object, and a heat flow model of each temperature-controlled object.
Advantageously, the thermal management controller includes a temperature change rate correction section for the temperature control objects, which performs correction calculation based on comparison of the temperature change rate of each temperature control object measured in real time and a corresponding preset expected temperature change rate and inputs the correction result as a correction value of the expected temperature change rate to the temperature control object processing section and the loop heat transfer operation section.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a thermal management control system for a vehicle, the thermal management control system including: a closed circuit in which a heat transfer medium flows, including a plurality of temperature control objects connected in parallel, a pump pumping the heat transfer medium to flow through the temperature control objects, a proportional distributing valve controlling the flow rate of the heat transfer medium in each of the parallel branches, and a heat exchanger through which the heat transfer medium passes and which performs heat exchange with a source fluid serving as a heat source or a cold source; and a thermal management controller that controls the closed loop, wherein the thermal management controller comprises:
a circuit heat transfer calculation unit that calculates a heat transfer demand component for each branch based on an expected temperature change rate set for each temperature-controlled object and an input heat flow model of an equivalent temperature-controlled object;
a heat transfer medium flow rate calculation unit that calculates a heat transfer medium flow rate demand adjustment range for the temperature control object based on the calculated heat transfer demand components for the respective branches;
a pump rotational speed calculation unit that calculates a pump rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium flow demand adjustment range;
a heat transfer medium temperature calculation unit that calculates the current temperature control capability of each branch of the circuit based on the current temperature of each temperature control object, the current temperature of the heat transfer medium, the current temperature of the source fluid, and the heat transfer characteristic parameters of each temperature control object and the heat exchanger, superimposes the current temperature control capabilities on each other, and calculates a heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range based on the calculated superimposed result;
and a rotation speed selection unit that selects a pump rotation speed value suitable for pump control from the calculated pump rotation speed demand adjustment range, based on the temperature allowable range and the temperature change rate allowable range set for each temperature control object.
Advantageously, the thermal management controller comprises a proportional valve control part which calculates the flow distribution proportion of the proportional control valve based on the flow demand adjustment range of the heat transfer medium of the branch in which each temperature control object is positioned, and sends a corresponding control signal to the proportional control valve.
Advantageously, the source fluid is ambient air, the circuit includes a fan for causing the ambient air to exchange heat with a heat transfer medium in the heat exchanger, the thermal management controller includes a fan rotational speed calculation section that calculates a fan rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range and a heat transfer characteristic of the heat exchanger, and the rotational speed selection section is configured to select a corresponding fan rotational speed value suitable for fan control from the calculated fan rotational speed demand adjustment range based on a temperature allowable range and a temperature change rate allowable range set for each temperature control object.
Advantageously, the temperature control object is two or more selected from a driving motor, a power battery, DCDC, OBC, a cabin, an air cooling device, and a stack.
By the thermal management control system and method of the present invention, it is possible to accurately control the temperature of a temperature controlled object such as a battery, a motor, an electric drive, a cabin, etc. on a vehicle based on the rate of temperature change and the system temperature control capability. And on the basis of meeting the basic temperature control requirement, the response capability of the thermal management control system for responding to the dynamic temperature change requirement is improved, the relevant actuators (a water pump, a water valve and a radiator fan) are coordinately controlled in a proper control range, and the power consumption of the relevant energy consumption actuators is optimized. Under the condition that the information of the Internet of vehicles is input, the system can be pre-controlled according to the expected heat management requirement, and further, the power consumption of the actuator is optimized to realize the accurate control of the heat flow in the system and the temperature of the temperature control object through the coordination of the comprehensive output and the comprehensive power consumption of a power system and a heat management system of the vehicle.
Drawings
Features and advantages of an example of the present invention will become apparent by reference to the following detailed description and drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a heat transfer circuit for effecting temperature control of a temperature controlled object of a thermal management control system in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the modules of a thermal management control system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a graph of temperature control capability as a function of coolant temperature for the heat transfer circuit shown in FIG. 1 for a particular ambient air temperature and temperature of the temperature-controlled object;
FIG. 4 illustrates a control flow for a thermal management control system to control the temperature of a temperature controlled object using the heat transfer circuit of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 illustrates a heat transfer circuit of a thermal management control system according to the present invention with a plurality of temperature controlled objects connected in series;
FIG. 6 illustrates a control flow for a thermal management control system to implement temperature control of a plurality of temperature controlled objects using the heat transfer circuit shown in FIG. 5 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 illustrates a heat transfer circuit in which a plurality of temperature controlled objects are connected in parallel for a thermal management control system according to the present invention; and
fig. 8 illustrates a control flow for a thermal management control system according to the present invention implementing temperature control of a plurality of temperature controlled objects using the heat transfer circuit shown in fig. 7.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The following describes a thermal management control system and a thermal management control method implemented by the thermal management control system according to an embodiment of the invention with reference to the attached drawings. The thermal management control system can be applied to new energy automobiles, such as pure electric automobiles or hybrid electric automobiles.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a heat transfer circuit for temperature control of a temperature controlled object of a thermal management control system according to the present invention. The illustrated heat transfer circuit is a closed circuit 1 in which a heat transfer medium flows, the circuit including a temperature controlled object 11, a pump 12 pumping the heat transfer medium to flow through the temperature controlled object, and a heat exchanger 13 through which the heat transfer medium passes and exchanges heat with a source fluid serving as a heat source or a heat sink. In the embodiment shown, the heat transfer medium in the circuit is a cooling liquid, the object to be temperature controlled is for example an electric motor, the source fluid is ambient air, and in order to promote heat transfer between the air and the cooling liquid in the heat exchanger, a fan 14 is arranged on the air side of the heat exchanger for adjusting the flow rate of the air entering the heat exchanger and thereby influencing the temperature of the cooling liquid.
Although the embodiment shown in fig. 1 uses air as a heat sink and reduces the temperature of the motor by indirect heat transfer from a coolant, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the source fluid may also be used as a heat source to heat the temperature controlled object (e.g., in a heating mode, cabin temperature needs to be raised), in which case the heat source fluid may be a hot fluid in a heat pump condenser or cooler. Other fluids, such as oil, may also be used as the heat transfer medium in the circuit.
Therefore, the heat transfer circuit corresponds to a heat transfer circuit that transfers heat from a source fluid serving as a heat source to a temperature controlled object (in this case, the temperature controlled object is in a heated mode) or transfers heat from the temperature controlled object to a source fluid serving as a heat sink (in this case, the temperature controlled object is in a cooled mode) by a heat transfer medium. Therefore, whether the temperature-controlled object is in the heated mode or in the cooled mode, a pump that pumps the heat transfer medium is always present in the heat transfer circuit to carry the required heat transfer amount away from or to the temperature-controlled object.
For the sake of convenience of explanation of the principle of the thermal management control according to the present invention, a heat transfer medium circuit in which the temperature control target is a motor, the heat transfer medium is a coolant (cooling water), and the source fluid is air (i.e., a coolant circuit shown in the drawings) will be described below as an example.
Referring to FIG. 2, a schematic diagram of a thermal management control system 100 is shown, wherein the thermal management control system according to the first embodiment of the present invention further includes a thermal management controller 10 configured to thermally control the heat transfer circuit. The thermal management controller 10 includes: a circuit heat transfer calculation unit 101 that calculates a heat transfer demand of the circuit based on an expected temperature change rate set for the temperature-controlled object and the input heat flow model of the temperature-controlled object; a heat transfer medium flow rate calculation unit 102 that calculates a heat transfer medium flow rate demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer demand; a pump rotational speed calculation unit 103 that calculates a pump rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium flow demand adjustment range; and a heat transfer medium temperature calculation unit 104 that calculates a current temperature control capability of the circuit based on the current temperature of the temperature control object, the current temperature of the heat transfer medium, the current temperature of the source fluid, and the heat transfer characteristic parameters of the temperature control object and the heat exchanger, and calculates a heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range based on the calculated current temperature control capability.
The input information to the thermal management controller includes sensed information from the components of the heat transfer medium circuit or corresponding inventory information, such as a model of heat flow to the temperature controlled object, pump characteristic parameters, measurements of pump speed, fan characteristic parameters, measurements of fan speed, heat exchange characteristics of the heat exchanger, temperature measurements of the heat transfer medium, and the like. The heat management controller outputs control signals for the pump and the fan through the operation of the loop heat transfer calculating part, the heat transfer medium flow calculating part, the pump rotation speed calculating part and the heat transfer medium temperature calculating part. After the pump and the fan make adjustments in response to the control signals, the thermal management control system detects the temperature of the temperature-controlled object, the flow rate and temperature of the heat transfer medium, and the power consumption of the pump and the fan in real time, and inputs these detection results as feedback information to the thermal management control system so as to dynamically correct and adjust the control direction to gradually bring the loop system to a desired stable equilibrium state.
In the thermal management control system and method according to the present invention, the term "temperature control capability" refers to the range of heat transfer capability that can be achieved by the heat transfer medium circuit (i.e., the capability inherent in the system to characterize "heat transfer power"), with the maximum amount of heat transfer achieved by that particular heat transfer circuit when reaching a stable equilibrium state varying with the temperature of the heat transfer medium given the temperature of the temperature controlled object and source fluid, following the curve shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from the curves shown, the amount of heat transfer that can be achieved by the circuit is zero when the heat transfer medium temperature is equal to the temperature of the temperature controlled object or source fluid. For this particular circuit, there is a heat transfer medium temperature such that the heat transfer capacity of the circuit reaches a maximum value that characterizes the maximum heat transfer capacity of the circuit at the corresponding source fluid temperature. The temperature control capability is thus a function of the source fluid temperature, and for a particular heat transfer medium circuit, the temperature control capability varies with the source fluid temperature as a curve resembling a normal distribution curve, the specific configuration of which can be derived from the heat exchange characteristics between the temperature control object and the source fluid and the heat exchange characteristics of the heat exchanger, and is an inherent characteristic of the system. That is, for the heat transfer circuit shown in FIG. 1, the temperature at which the motor limit temperature, the pump limit speed, the fan limit speed, the current motor temperature, the current coolant temperature, the temperature at which the cooling fluid is supplied, and the like are measured,In the case of the parameters of the current ambient air temperature, the parameter value of "temperature control capability" can be calculated. The "temperature control capabilities" corresponding to the different coolant temperatures are connected into a line, resulting in the curve shown in fig. 3. Of course, the corresponding temperature control capability curves are different for different motor temperatures and ambient air temperatures. As shown in FIG. 3, TTemperature of the motorAnd TAmbient air temperatureThe larger the phase difference is, the larger the peak value of the temperature control capacity curve is, and when the temperature of the motor is from TTemperature of the motorIs raised to T'Temperature of the motorAt the same TCurrent temperature of cooling liquidIn the case of (3), the corresponding temperature controllability value difference is Δ W.
The term "demand regulation range" means that, on the premise that a certain regulation parameter such as a heat transfer medium flow rate or a pump rotation speed is satisfied (changed as needed or kept constant) with respect to a temperature requirement of a temperature control object, there is a regulation threshold point that is based on the change requirement of the temperature control object, and in actual control, a certain redundancy is given to the regulation parameter in consideration of safety to cope with the change requirement of the temperature control object, and therefore, a set of all these possible alternative regulation parameter values constitutes the "demand regulation range".
The "adjustment range of the temperature requirement of the heat transfer medium" refers to a temperature control capability curve corresponding to the intrinsic property of the circuit in which the temperature control object is located, the position of the calculated current temperature control capability in the curve is determined, a target adjustment range of the temperature of the heat transfer medium is judged and selected according to the change requirement of the temperature control object, and the temperature of the heat transfer medium falling within the target adjustment range can be selected as a target control signal when responding to the change requirement of the temperature control object.
During the particular operation of the thermal management control system, there are actually a number of non-steady-state conditions. For example, during vehicle start-up, warm-up, dynamic driving, shutdown, etc., the temperature of the components in the coolant circuit may change, the amount of heat entering the coolant (the amount of heat transferred to the coolant by the temperature controlled object) and the amount of heat exiting the coolant (the amount of heat transferred to the ambient air by the coolant) may be unbalanced, and such unbalanced state is not allowed and does not last for a long time according to the functional requirements of thermal management and the vehicle operating condition design, otherwise the temperature may be out of control. In order to monitor such an unbalanced state, target adjustment values of key control parameters, i.e., coolant flow (corresponding to pump speed), coolant temperature, and ambient air flow (corresponding to fan speed), need to be dynamically calculated in real time, i.e., on the premise that temperature requirements of temperature control objects are met, the control parameters are coordinated so that the system gradually approaches a steady state equilibrium state within the design capability range of each actuator (pump, heat exchanger, fan, etc.). The look-ahead and predictability of the control avoids the limitations of control strategies in which the pump speed is adjusted solely according to the temperature change needs of the temperature controlled object.
In particular, according to the thermal management control system of the present invention, in the step of determining the temperature demand adjustment range of the heat transfer medium, the currently reserved heat transfer capacity is also comprehensively considered. The term "currently reserved heat transfer capacity" refers to a heat transfer margin that should be reserved in accordance with statistical data prediction corresponding to the current temperature of the temperature controlled object. The "current reserved heat transfer capacity" may be derived from statistical data, meaning the possible change amplitude of the heat flow in the next period of time under the current operating conditions, or from the prediction of heat generation due to the power system planning. The thermal management control system according to the present invention also measures the current stable heat transfer amount of the temperature controlled object in real time. And calculating the required temperature control capacity of the loop based on the current stable heat transfer capacity and the calculated current reserved heat transfer capacity. Here, "required temperature control capability" represents the current target control range of the system. And the current temperature control capability represents the control range determined by the intrinsic properties of the system in the current operation state. In a preferred embodiment, the thermal management control system of the invention comprehensively considers the current temperature control capability and the required temperature control capability of the loop to determine the temperature demand regulation range of the heat transfer medium, thereby more comprehensively considering the transient change demand of the system, giving redundancy required by stable operation of the system, avoiding the occurrence of extreme dangerous events and improving the safety and controllability of the system to a higher level.
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, the thermal management control method according to the first embodiment of the present invention has the following steps:
step S01: the collection and utilization vehicle networking information module 200 collects vehicle operation state information.
Step S02: based on information from the internet of vehicles information module 200, a dynamic planning model is built in the dynamic planning model module 300.
Step S03: a temperature control object heat flow model is constructed in the temperature control object heat flow model module 105 using the relevant information from the power planning model module. The heat flow model of the temperature controlled object is associated with the input of the power planning model module. For example, as the operating state of a system such as a power system or an air conditioning system changes, the state of the temperature control object also changes accordingly.
Step S04: current operating parameters of the loop are measured and collected, and intrinsic property data of the heat transfer loop components are stored, including current temperature of the temperature controlled object, current temperature of the heat transfer medium, current temperature of the source fluid, thermophysical properties of the temperature controlled object, heat exchange characteristics of the heat exchanger, current stable heat transfer quantity, and the like.
Step S05: the temperature change rate correction unit 106 for the temperature control object presets an expected temperature change rate of the temperature control object or stores the temperature change rate after iterative correction, based on the current temperature of the temperature control object. The temperature change rate of the temperature control object, that is, the amount of change in the temperature of the temperature control object per unit time.
Step S09: the heat transfer circuit is determined from the stored data to currently reserve heat transfer capacity.
Step S10: the temperature change rate from the temperature change rate correction unit 106 for the temperature control object is input to the circuit heat transfer calculation unit 101. The thermal management control method takes the temperature change rate of the temperature control object as a main control variable in this step. The loop heat transfer calculation unit 101 of the thermal management controller obtains the heat transfer demand of the loop by performing overall calculation of the heat transfer amount related to the temperature control demand of the temperature-controlled object based on the expected temperature change rate set for the temperature-controlled object and the input heat flow model of the temperature-controlled object. According to the basic heat transfer law, the rate of change of the temperature-controlled object directly depends on the amount of heat entering the temperature-controlled object, and the heat transfer between the temperature-controlled object and the cooling liquid is directly affected by the flow rate of the cooling liquid of the cooling circuit in addition to the temperature difference between the temperature-controlled object and the cooling liquid. By this variable, the rate of temperature change, we directly relate the change in heat inside the temperature controlled object to the flow rate of the cooling liquid. Therefore, the coordination control of the whole thermal management control system can be firstly integrated on the heat level, and the whole vehicle system can be conveniently integrated on the energy management level.
The temperature change rate of the temperature control object and the heat flow model of the power system show that the heat transfer requirement continuously changes within a certain time due to the specific driving environment and different requirements in the vehicle besides showing that the heat transfer requirement has a certain heat transfer requirement at each moment in time.
The calculation result of the loop heat transfer operation part is input into the power planning model module to be used as reference information of the power planning. The input of the vehicle network information module is also considered for the establishment of the power planning model, and the establishment of the power planning model also influences the heat flow model of the temperature control object and further influences the calculation result of the loop heat transfer operation part.
Therefore, with the development of intelligent networking and automatic driving technologies, the possibility of dynamically monitoring the running state of the vehicle in real time is increasing. This also leads to a space for better planning/prediction of the thermal management control system in the time dimension. The introduction of intelligent networking information is beneficial to further optimize the control strategy for the heat transfer loop.
Step S11: the heat transfer medium flow rate calculation unit 102 calculates the heat transfer medium flow rate demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer demand. At each moment, the system demands the heat transfer medium flow, i.e. the pump operating state (i.e. speed control).
Step S12: the pump rotational speed calculation unit 103 calculates a pump rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium flow demand adjustment range.
Step S21: the heat transfer medium temperature calculation unit 104 calculates the current temperature control capability of the circuit based on the current temperature of the temperature control target, the current temperature of the heat transfer medium, the current temperature of the source fluid, and the heat transfer characteristic parameters of the temperature control target and the heat exchanger, and determines the heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range based on the calculated current temperature control capability. In order to predictively control the system, the required temperature control capacity of the circuit is calculated on the basis of the determined current reserved heat transfer capacity and the measured current stable heat transfer capacity of the temperature control object. And determining the temperature demand regulation range of the heat transfer medium by integrating the current temperature control capacity and the demand temperature control capacity.
Step S22: the fan rotational speed calculation unit 107 calculates a fan rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range and the heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger.
Step S30: the optimization calculation unit 108 calculates optimal adjustment values of the pump rotational speed and the fan rotational speed for the purpose of minimizing the sum of power consumptions of the pump and the fan, based on the calculated pump rotational speed demand adjustment range and fan rotational speed demand adjustment range. The calculated actuator power consumption is finally input to the power planning model module.
From the perspective of overall energy management of the whole vehicle, the power output and the thermal management output of the vehicle are both the system output to be pursued, and the power consumption for the power output and the power consumption for the thermal management system can be integrated on the same measurement. For example, under the condition of power output with emphasis, power output is preferentially ensured even if more energy is consumed by heat management; under the condition of focusing on the endurance mileage, if a certain power output is realized and the thermal management control system consumes relatively more energy, the vehicle can advise a driver or directly control the vehicle (under the condition of automatic driving), and the power output is properly reduced, so that the aims of saving energy and prolonging the endurance mileage are fulfilled. Therefore, the interaction of the power system planning and the thermal management planning is comprehensively considered in the thermal management control system, and the power output, the heat output and the comprehensive energy consumption of the whole vehicle are monitored more comprehensively and flexibly.
Step S301: the calculated pump speed adjustment value is sent to the pump as a control signal.
Step S302: the calculated fan speed value is sent to the fan as a control signal.
Step S40: the temperature change rate of the temperature control object is measured in real time, and the measured temperature change rate of the temperature control object is input to the temperature change rate correction unit 105, and the process returns to step S05 to correct the preset expected temperature change rate.
The corrected temperature change rate is input to the loop heat transfer computing unit 101 and is iteratively calculated, and therefore the process returns to step S10 again. The operation parameters of each part in the heat transfer loop are dynamically predicted and monitored in a reciprocating mode, and the whole loop system is ensured to be in a stable and controllable optimal operation state.
The single temperature control object shown in the figure may be selected from one of a driving motor, a power battery, DCDC, OBC, a cabin, an air cooling device, and a stack.
Heat transfer circuit of multiple temperature control objects
In actual control, a plurality of temperature control objects to be monitored are generally present in one heat transfer circuit. Depending on the architecture of the thermal management system, multiple temperature controlled objects may be coupled in series or in parallel in the coolant loop.
Arrangement of series-connected temperature-controlled objects
As shown in fig. 5, the heat transfer circuit 1' includes two temperature-controlled objects a and B connected in series. The thermal management control system and method of the present invention is described below with respect to the configuration of the arrangement of temperature objects in series in the heat transfer circuit 1'.
Referring to fig. 2, a thermal management controller according to a second embodiment of the present invention includes: a temperature control object process 109 that processes the series of temperature control objects into a single equivalent temperature control object 11'; a circuit heat transfer calculation unit 101 that calculates a heat transfer demand of the circuit based on an expected temperature change rate set for the equivalent temperature-controlled object and the inputted heat flow model of the equivalent temperature-controlled object; a heat transfer medium flow rate calculation unit 102 that calculates a heat transfer medium flow rate demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer demand; a pump rotational speed calculation unit 103 that calculates a pump rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium flow demand adjustment range; and a heat transfer medium temperature calculation unit 104 that calculates a current temperature control capability of the circuit based on the current temperature of the equivalent temperature control object, the current temperature of the heat transfer medium, the current temperature of the source fluid, and the heat transfer characteristic parameters of the equivalent temperature control object and the heat exchanger, and calculates a heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range based on the calculated current temperature control capability; and a rotation speed selection unit 110 that selects a pump rotation speed value suitable for pump control from the calculated pump rotation speed demand adjustment range, based on the temperature allowable range and the temperature change rate allowable range set for each temperature control object.
Referring to fig. 2 and 6, a thermal management control method according to a second embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of:
step S01: the collection and utilization vehicle networking information module 200 collects vehicle operation state information.
Step S02: based on information from the internet of vehicles information module 200, a dynamic planning model is built in the dynamic planning model module 300.
Step S03: and constructing each temperature control object heat flow model in the temperature control object heat flow model module by using the relevant information from the power planning model module.
Step S04: the method comprises the steps of measuring and collecting current operation parameters of a loop, storing internal properties of parts of a heat transfer loop, wherein the internal properties comprise the current temperature of each temperature control object, the current temperature of a heat transfer medium, the current temperature of a source fluid, the thermophysical properties of each temperature control object, the heat exchange characteristics of a heat exchanger, the mass specific heat capacity of each temperature control object, a temperature allowable range and a temperature change rate allowable range set for each temperature control object, and the like.
Step S05: the temperature change rate correction unit 106 for the temperature control object presets an expected temperature change rate of the temperature control object or stores the temperature change rate after iterative correction, based on the current temperature of the temperature control object.
Step S06: the temperature control object processing unit 109 processes the series of temperature control objects into a single equivalent temperature control object 11'. For example, with respect to the series of temperature-controlled objects a and B, the expected temperature change rates of the temperature-controlled objects a and B, the mass-to-specific heat capacities of the temperature-controlled objects a and B, and the heat flow models of the temperature-controlled objects a and B are input to the temperature-controlled object processing unit, and the expected temperature change rate of the single equivalent temperature-controlled object 11 'and the heat flow model of the single equivalent temperature-controlled object 11' are calculated.
Step S09: the heat transfer capacity is currently reserved for determining the heat transfer circuit from the stored data.
Step S10: the circuit heat transfer calculation unit 101 calculates the heat transfer demand of the circuit based on the expected temperature change rate set for the equivalent temperature-controlled object and the inputted heat flow model of the equivalent temperature-controlled object.
Step S11: the heat transfer medium flow rate calculation unit 102 calculates a heat transfer medium flow rate demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer demand.
Step S12: the pump rotational speed calculation unit 103 calculates a pump rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium flow demand adjustment range.
Step S21: in the heat transfer medium temperature calculation unit 104, the current temperature control capability of the circuit is calculated based on the current temperature of the equivalent temperature control object, the current temperature of the heat transfer medium, the current temperature of the source fluid, and the heat transfer characteristic parameters of the equivalent temperature control object and the heat exchanger, and the heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range is calculated based on the calculated current temperature control capability. In the preferred predictive control, the required temperature control capability of the circuit is also calculated based on the current reserved heat transfer capability calculated in step S09 and the measured current stable heat transfer amount of the temperature controlled object, and the heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range is determined by integrating the current temperature control capability and the required temperature control capability.
Step S22: the fan rotational speed calculation unit 107 calculates a fan rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range and the heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger.
Step S300: the rotation speed selection unit 110 selects a pump rotation speed value suitable for pump control from the calculated pump rotation speed demand adjustment range and selects a fan rotation speed value suitable for fan control from the calculated fan rotation speed demand adjustment range, based on the temperature tolerance range and the temperature change rate tolerance range set for each temperature control object.
Step S301: the pump rotational speed value from the rotational speed selection unit 110 is supplied to the pump as a control signal.
Step S302: the fan rotational speed value from the rotational speed selection unit 110 is transmitted to the fan as a control signal.
Step S40: the temperature change rate of each temperature control object is monitored in real time, and the measurement result is returned to the temperature change rate correction unit 106 for the temperature control object, and the temperature change rate correction unit for the temperature control object performs correction calculation based on the comparison between the temperature change rate of each temperature control object measured in real time and the corresponding preset expected temperature change rate, and inputs the correction result as the correction value of the expected temperature change rate to the processing unit 109 for the temperature control object.
The temperature states of the temperature control objects are dynamically predicted and monitored in a reciprocating manner, and accurate control over the temperature control objects is achieved.
Arrangement of temperature-controlled objects connected in parallel
As shown in fig. 7, the heat transfer circuit 1 ″ includes two temperature controlled objects a and B connected in parallel. In order to adjust the flow rate of the coolant distributed to each temperature control object, the heat transfer circuit is further provided with a proportional distribution valve 15. The following description of the thermal management control system and method of the present invention is provided with respect to the configuration of the arrangement of temperature objects in parallel in the heat transfer circuit 1 ".
Referring to fig. 2, a thermal management controller according to a third embodiment of the present invention includes: a circuit heat transfer calculation unit 101 that calculates a heat transfer demand component for each branch circuit based on an expected temperature change rate set for each temperature control object and the input heat flow model for each temperature control object; a heat transfer medium flow rate calculation unit 102 that calculates a heat transfer medium flow rate demand adjustment range for the temperature control target based on the calculated heat transfer demand components for the respective branches; a pump rotational speed calculation unit 103 that calculates a pump rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium flow demand adjustment range; a heat transfer medium temperature calculation unit 104 that calculates the current temperature control capability of each branch of the circuit based on the current temperature of each temperature control object, the current temperature of the heat transfer medium, the current temperature of the source fluid, and the heat transfer characteristic parameters of each temperature control object and the heat exchanger, superimposes these current temperature control capabilities, and determines the heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range based on the calculated superimposed result; and a rotation speed selection unit 110 that selects a pump rotation speed value suitable for pump control from the calculated pump rotation speed demand adjustment range, based on the temperature allowable range and the temperature change rate allowable range set for each temperature control object.
In one embodiment, the thermal management controller includes a proportional valve control unit 111 that calculates a flow distribution ratio of the proportional control valve based on a heat transfer medium flow demand adjustment range of a branch in which each temperature control object is located, and sends a corresponding control signal to the proportional control valve 15.
In the heat transfer medium temperature calculation section, the required temperature control capability of the circuit may be calculated based on the measured current stable heat transfer amount of each temperature control object and the calculated current reserved heat transfer capability, and the heat transfer medium temperature required adjustment range may be determined based on the superimposed temperature control capability and the required temperature control capability of the circuit.
In the coolant circuit having the structure shown in fig. 1, the source fluid is ambient air, the thermal management control system includes a fan for causing the ambient air to exchange heat with the heat transfer medium in the heat exchanger, and the rotation speed selection portion is configured to select a corresponding fan rotation speed value suitable for fan control from the calculated heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range, based on a temperature allowable range and a temperature change rate allowable range set for each temperature control object.
Referring to fig. 8, a thermal management control method according to a third embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of:
step S01: the collection and utilization vehicle networking information module 200 collects vehicle operation state information.
Step S02: based on information from the internet of vehicles information module 200, a dynamic planning model is built in the dynamic planning model module 300.
Step S03: and constructing each temperature control object heat flow model in the temperature control object heat flow model module by using the relevant information from the power planning model module.
Step S04: the method comprises the steps of measuring and collecting current operation parameters of a loop, storing intrinsic attribute parameters of parts of a heat transfer loop, wherein the intrinsic attribute parameters comprise the current temperature of each temperature control object, the current temperature of a heat transfer medium, the current temperature of a source fluid, the thermophysical attributes of the temperature control objects, the heat exchange characteristics of a heat exchanger, the mass specific heat capacity of each temperature control object, a temperature allowable range and a temperature change rate allowable range which are set for each temperature control object, and the like.
Step S05: the temperature change rate correction unit 106 for each temperature control object presets an expected temperature change rate for each temperature control object or stores a temperature change rate after iterative correction, based on the current temperature of each temperature control object.
Step S10: the circuit heat transfer calculation unit 101 calculates the heat transfer demand component of each branch circuit based on the input expected temperature change rate of each temperature control target, mass-to-specific heat capacity information, a heat flow model, and the like.
Step S11: at the heat transfer medium flow rate calculation section, a heat transfer medium flow rate demand adjustment range of the corresponding temperature control object is calculated based on the calculated heat transfer demand components of the respective branches.
Step S12: at the pump rotational speed calculation portion, a pump rotational speed demand adjustment range is calculated based on the calculated heat transfer medium flow demand adjustment range.
Step S120: the proportional valve control unit 111 calculates the flow rate distribution ratio of the proportional control valve based on the adjustment range of the heat transfer medium flow rate demand of the branch in which each temperature control target is located, and sends a corresponding control signal to the proportional control valve 15.
Step S09: and determining the current reserved heat transfer capacity of each branch according to the stored data and the branch where each temperature control object is located.
Step S21': the heat transfer medium temperature calculation unit 104 calculates the current temperature control capability of each branch of the circuit based on the current temperature of each temperature control object, the current temperature of the heat transfer medium, the current temperature of the source fluid, and the heat transfer characteristic parameters of each temperature control object and the heat exchanger, superimposes these current temperature control capabilities, and determines the heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range based on the calculated superimposed result. In the pre-control process, in addition to calculating the superimposed temperature control capability, the required temperature control capability of each branch needs to be calculated by considering the current stable heat transfer amount of each temperature control object and the current reserved heat transfer capability calculated in step S09, and a more predictive heat transfer medium temperature required adjustment range is obtained by combining the superimposed temperature control capability and the superimposed required temperature control capability of each branch.
Step S22': the fan rotational speed calculation unit 107 calculates a fan rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range and the heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger.
Step S300: the rotation speed selection unit 110 selects a pump rotation speed value suitable for pump control from the calculated pump rotation speed demand adjustment range, based on the temperature allowable range and the temperature change rate allowable range set for each temperature control object. The rotation speed selection portion is further configured to select a corresponding fan rotation speed value suitable for fan control from the calculated heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range, based on the temperature allowable range and the temperature change rate allowable range set for each temperature control object.
Step S301: the pump rotational speed value from the rotational speed selection unit 110 is supplied to the pump as a control signal.
Step S302: the fan rotational speed value from the rotational speed selection unit 110 is transmitted to the fan as a control signal.
Step S40: the temperature change rate of each temperature control object is monitored in real time, the measurement result is returned to the temperature change rate correction unit 106 for the temperature control object, and the corrected temperature change rate of each temperature control object is input to the loop heat transfer operation unit 101.
The temperature states of the temperature control objects are dynamically predicted and monitored in a reciprocating manner, and accurate control over the temperature control objects is achieved.
Although only two temperature control objects are shown in fig. 5 and 7, it is conceivable that the number of temperature control objects may be two or more. The temperature control object can be selected from two or more of a driving motor, a power battery, DCDC, OBC, a cabin, an air cooling device and a galvanic pile.
When a plurality of temperature control objects are mixed and connected in a series-parallel mode, the plurality of temperature control objects can be simplified into the series mode or the parallel mode, and a control strategy is constructed based on the control idea, so that all the temperature control objects can be accurately and dynamically controlled. For the parallel loop with the water pump arranged on each branch, the water pump of each branch has respective limit rotating speed, and when the temperature control capability of the superposed branches is considered, a proper distribution coefficient can be added, so that the constructed model approaches to the real branch heat transfer medium flow ratio. The dispensing factor also needs to be selected and determined depending on parameters such as the specific circuit configuration and the configuration of the temperature controlled object.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
To facilitate an understanding of the principles of operation of the thermal management control system of the present invention, a basic example of a coolant circuit as shown in FIG. 1 will be described.
For example, in a state where the vehicle is just started, the temperature of the temperature-controlled object, the coolant, and the ambient temperature are all the same, and at this time, the heat transfer between the temperature-controlled object and the coolant and the heat transfer between the coolant and the ambient air are all zero, and the temperature of the temperature-controlled object inevitably rises as the heat inside the temperature-controlled object increases. The thermal management control system of the present invention also begins to control the operation of the pump and fan as the temperature difference between the temperature controlled object and the coolant develops. Generally, at any one time, the temperature controlled object has a target operating temperature, and between the system starting warm-up and the temperature controlled object reaching the target operating temperature, assuming that only a small coolant flow rate is used (there is generally such an operation, which aims to control the temperature balance of the temperature controlled object), it can be observed that the temperature controlled object temperature rises significantly, the coolant temperature rises slightly, and the ambient air temperature does not change. With the increase of the temperature difference between the temperature controlled object and the coolant, the coolant can exert a certain influence on the temperature control of the temperature controlled object. At this time, the temperature difference between the coolant and the environment is small, in other words, the heat transfer capacity between the coolant and the ambient air is small, and the amount of heat that can be transferred into the coolant and the amount of heat that can be transferred out of the coolant to the air are unbalanced, so that the amount of heat transfer between the coolant and the ambient air determines the control direction required for the entire circuit to reach the next equilibrium state.
As the temperature-controlled object rises up to its operation target temperature, the coolant temperature also rises, during which the heat transfer capacity between the temperature-controlled object and the coolant is constantly rising; at the same time, the temperature difference between the cooling liquid and the environment increases, and the heat transfer capacity between the cooling liquid and the environment also increases. This increase does not continue. The temperature point of the cooling liquid exists, the heat transfer capacity of two sides reaches a balance, and the balance point represents the maximum steady-state heat transfer capacity of the system; if the amount of heat transferred into the coolant at this time is continuously greater than the maximum steady-state heat transfer capacity of the above-described system, heat starts to accumulate in the coolant, causing a temperature rise in the coolant, so that the temperature difference between the temperature control object and the coolant decreases, and the influence of increasing the pump rotation speed is insufficient to suppress the increase in the coolant temperature. This state cannot be continued for a long time, otherwise the heat transfer capacity between the temperature control object and the coolant liquid is eventually made so small that the heat entering the temperature control object cannot be transferred to the coolant liquid, resulting in the temperature of the temperature control object being out of control.
According to the thermal management control method, the dynamic control of the flow of the heat transfer medium of the loop is taken into consideration while the current temperature control capability of the loop is monitored, so that the flow of the heat transfer medium and the temperature of the heat transfer medium are regulated and controlled, the heat quantity flowing into the heat transfer medium from a temperature control object in the heat transfer loop is equal to the heat quantity transferred into the air from the heat transfer medium while a certain reserved heat transfer capability is met, and the thermal stability balance of the heat transfer loop is realized.
In the actual vehicle running process, the heat entering the temperature control object may have peaks and valleys, and in a system with well-matched components, the heat larger than the maximum steady-state heat transfer capacity of the system can exist but does not last too long, so that a feasible space is provided for statistical or predictive peak clipping and valley filling. The basic idea is that statistical or predictive analysis and calculation are carried out on heat flow entering a temperature control object in the driving process of a vehicle, the target of temperature control according to needs is realized by regulating and controlling the flow rate (namely the rotating speed of a pump) and the temperature (namely the rotating speed of a fan) of a heat transfer medium in a loop, and the power consumption of the pump and the fan are considered at the same time, so that the control is carried out in an economic and effective mode.
The thermal management control method of the present invention is applicable to not only the combination of the temperature control object and the heat exchanger shown in the above figures, but also the combination of the heating source of the temperature control object (such as various heat exchanger heaters, etc.), and the system in which the temperature control object requiring temperature reduction and temperature rise exists at the same time, and can also include various combinations of the above situations, such as series connection, parallel connection, series-parallel connection, and the like, as long as there are heat input and heat output in the heat transfer medium circuit, and heat transfer or heat transfer is realized by the circulation of the heat transfer medium driven by the pump. According to the control method, the temperature control process is quantized, and the performance and mutual matching of parts can be optimized from the perspective of thermal management.
It should be noted that the logic and/or steps represented in the control flow diagrams of the present invention or otherwise described herein, such as a sequential list of executable instructions that may be thought of as implementing logical functions, may be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
It should be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one module. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware mode, and can also be realized in a software functional module mode.
What has been described above is merely an exemplary embodiment of a thermal management control system according to the present invention. The thermal management control system according to the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein. Reference throughout this specification to "one example," "another example," "an example," and so forth, means that a particular element/element (e.g., feature, structure, and/or characteristic) described in connection with the example is included in at least one example described herein, and may and/or may not be present in other examples. In addition, it will be understood that elements of any example described may be combined in any suitable manner in a number of different examples unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.

Claims (38)

1. A thermal management control system for a vehicle, the thermal management control system comprising: a closed circuit in which a heat transfer medium flows, including a temperature-controlled object, a pump pumping the heat transfer medium to flow through the temperature-controlled object, a heat exchanger through which the heat transfer medium passes and which exchanges heat with a source fluid serving as a heat source or a heat sink; and a thermal management controller that controls the closed loop, wherein the thermal management controller comprises:
a circuit heat transfer calculation unit that calculates a heat transfer demand of the circuit based on an expected temperature change rate set for the temperature-controlled object and the input heat flow model of the temperature-controlled object;
a heat transfer medium flow rate calculation unit that calculates a heat transfer medium flow rate demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer demand;
a pump rotational speed calculation unit that calculates a pump rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium flow demand adjustment range; and
and a heat transfer medium temperature calculation unit that calculates a current temperature control capability of the circuit based on the current temperature of the temperature control target, the current temperature of the heat transfer medium, the current temperature of the source fluid, and the heat transfer characteristic parameters of the temperature control target and the heat exchanger, and calculates a heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range based on the calculated current temperature control capability.
2. The thermal management control system according to claim 1, wherein the heat transfer medium temperature arithmetic section is further configured to calculate a required temperature control capability of the circuit based on the measured current stable heat transfer amount of the temperature controlled object and the inputted current reserved heat transfer capability.
3. The thermal management control system of claim 2, wherein the heat transfer medium temperature calculation section is further configured to calculate a heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range based on the calculated current temperature control capability and a demanded temperature control capability of the circuit.
4. The thermal management control system of claim 3, wherein the source fluid is ambient air, the circuit includes a fan for causing the ambient air to exchange heat with a heat transfer medium in a heat exchanger,
the thermal management controller further includes a fan rotational speed calculation section that calculates a fan rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range and the heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger.
5. The thermal management control system according to claim 4, wherein the thermal management controller further includes an optimization operation section that calculates optimal adjustment values of the pump rotational speed and the fan rotational speed with a view to minimizing a sum of power consumptions of the pump and the fan, based on the calculated pump rotational speed demand adjustment range and fan rotational speed demand adjustment range.
6. The thermal management control system according to claim 5, wherein the optimization operation part is connected with a power planning model module for a vehicle to input a sum of power consumptions of the pump and the fan as feedback information to the power planning model module.
7. The thermal management control system of claim 6, wherein the thermal management controller comprises a thermal flow model module of the temperature control object coupled to the power planning model module to receive power planning model inputs from the power planning model module.
8. The thermal management control system of claim 7, wherein the power planning model module is coupled to the internet of vehicles information module to receive input from the internet of vehicles information module.
9. The thermal management control system according to claim 6, wherein the loop heat transfer arithmetic unit inputs the calculated heat transfer demand of the loop as feedback information to the power plan model module.
10. The thermal management control system according to claim 1, wherein the thermal management controller includes a temperature change rate correction section of the temperature control object that performs correction calculation based on comparison of a temperature change rate of the temperature control object measured in real time and a preset expected temperature change rate and inputs the correction result to the loop heat transfer operation section as a correction value of the expected temperature change rate.
11. The thermal management control system of any of claims 1-10, wherein the temperature controlled object is selected from one of a drive motor, a power cell, a DCDC, an OBC, a cabin, an air cooling device, a galvanic pile.
12. A thermal management control system for a vehicle, the thermal management control system comprising: a closed circuit in which a heat transfer medium flows, including a plurality of temperature control objects connected in series, a pump pumping the heat transfer medium to flow through the temperature control objects, a heat exchanger through which the heat transfer medium passes and which exchanges heat with a source fluid serving as a heat source or a heat sink; and a thermal management controller that controls the closed loop, wherein the thermal management controller comprises:
a temperature controlled object processing unit that processes the series of temperature controlled objects into a single equivalent temperature controlled object,
a circuit heat transfer calculation unit that calculates a heat transfer demand of the circuit based on an expected temperature change rate set for the equivalent temperature-controlled object and the inputted heat flow model of the equivalent temperature-controlled object;
a heat transfer medium flow rate calculation unit that calculates a heat transfer medium flow rate demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer demand;
a pump rotational speed calculation unit that calculates a pump rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium flow demand adjustment range; and
a heat transfer medium temperature calculation unit that calculates a current temperature control capability of the circuit based on a current temperature of the equivalent temperature control object, a current temperature of the heat transfer medium, a current temperature of the source fluid, and heat transfer characteristic parameters of the equivalent temperature control object and the heat exchanger, and calculates a heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range based on the calculated current temperature control capability;
and a rotation speed selection unit that selects a pump rotation speed value suitable for pump control from the calculated pump rotation speed demand adjustment range, based on the temperature allowable range and the temperature change rate allowable range set for each temperature control object.
13. The thermal management control system according to claim 12, wherein the source fluid is ambient air, the circuit includes a fan for causing the ambient air to exchange heat with a heat transfer medium in the heat exchanger, the thermal management controller further includes a fan rotational speed calculation section that calculates a fan rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range and heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger, the rotational speed selection section is configured to select a corresponding fan rotational speed value suitable for fan control from the calculated fan rotational speed demand adjustment range based on a temperature allowable range and a temperature change rate allowable range set for each temperature control object.
14. The thermal management control system of claim 12, wherein the temperature-controlled object processing section is configured to perform an equivalent calculation based on an expected rate of change of temperature of each temperature-controlled object, a mass-to-specific heat capacity of each temperature-controlled object, and a heat flow model of each temperature-controlled object.
15. The thermal management control system according to claim 12, wherein the thermal management controller includes a temperature change rate correction section of the temperature control objects that performs correction calculation based on comparison between the temperature change rate of each of the temperature control objects measured in real time and a corresponding preset expected temperature change rate and inputs the correction result as a correction value of the expected temperature change rate to the temperature control object processing section and the loop heat transfer operation section.
16. A thermal management control system for a vehicle, the thermal management control system comprising: a closed circuit in which a heat transfer medium flows, including a plurality of temperature control objects connected in parallel, a pump pumping the heat transfer medium to flow through the temperature control objects, a proportional distributing valve controlling the flow rate of the heat transfer medium in each of the parallel branches, and a heat exchanger through which the heat transfer medium passes and which performs heat exchange with a source fluid serving as a heat source or a cold source; and a thermal management controller that controls the closed loop, wherein the thermal management controller comprises:
a circuit heat transfer calculation unit that calculates a heat transfer demand component for each branch based on an expected temperature change rate set for each temperature-controlled object and an input heat flow model of an equivalent temperature-controlled object;
a heat transfer medium flow rate calculation unit that calculates a heat transfer medium flow rate demand adjustment range for the temperature control object based on the calculated heat transfer demand components for the respective branches;
a pump rotational speed calculation unit that calculates a pump rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium flow demand adjustment range;
a heat transfer medium temperature calculation unit that calculates the current temperature control capability of each branch of the circuit based on the current temperature of each temperature control object, the current temperature of the heat transfer medium, the current temperature of the source fluid, and the heat transfer characteristic parameters of each temperature control object and the heat exchanger, superimposes the current temperature control capabilities on each other, and calculates a heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range based on the calculated superimposed result;
and a rotation speed selection unit that selects a pump rotation speed value suitable for pump control from the calculated pump rotation speed demand adjustment range, based on the temperature allowable range and the temperature change rate allowable range set for each temperature control object.
17. The thermal management control system according to claim 16, wherein the thermal management controller comprises a proportional valve control part which calculates a flow distribution proportion of the proportional control valve based on a flow demand adjustment range of the heat transfer medium of the branch in which each temperature control object is located, and sends a corresponding control signal to the proportional control valve.
18. The thermal management control system according to claim 16, wherein the source fluid is ambient air, the circuit includes a fan for causing the ambient air to exchange heat with a heat transfer medium in a heat exchanger, the thermal management controller includes a fan rotational speed calculation section that calculates a fan rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range and heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger, and the rotational speed selection section is configured to select a corresponding fan rotational speed value suitable for fan control from the calculated fan rotational speed demand adjustment range based on a temperature allowable range and a temperature change rate allowable range set for each temperature control object.
19. The thermal management control system of any of claims 12-18, wherein the temperature controlled object is two or more selected from a drive motor, a power cell, DCDC, OBC, a cabin, an air cooling device, a stack.
20. A thermal management control method for a vehicle, the vehicle comprising: a closed circuit in which a heat transfer medium flows, including a temperature-controlled object, a pump pumping the heat transfer medium to flow through the temperature-controlled object, a heat exchanger through which the heat transfer medium passes and which exchanges heat with a source fluid serving as a heat source or a heat sink; and a thermal management controller that controls the loop, wherein a thermal management control method performed by the thermal management controller includes:
calculating a heat transfer demand of the circuit based on the set expected temperature change rate of the temperature control object and the input heat flow model of the temperature control object;
calculating a heat transfer medium flow demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer demand;
calculating a pump rotational speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium flow demand adjustment range;
calculating a current temperature control capability of the circuit based on the current temperature of the temperature control object, the current temperature of the heat transfer medium and the current temperature of the source fluid, and the heat transfer characteristic parameters of the temperature control object and the heat exchanger, and calculating a heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range based on the calculated current temperature control capability.
21. The thermal management control method of claim 20, wherein a current steady heat transfer amount of a temperature controlled object is measured and a current reserved heat transfer capacity of the circuit is calculated, and a required temperature control capacity of the circuit is calculated based on the current steady heat transfer amount and the current reserved heat transfer capacity.
22. The thermal management control method of claim 21, wherein a required turndown range for the heat transfer medium temperature is calculated based on the calculated current temperature control capability and the required temperature control capability of the circuit.
23. The thermal management control method of claim 22, wherein the source fluid is ambient air, the thermal management control system comprises a fan for causing the ambient air to exchange heat with a heat transfer medium in the heat exchanger, and the thermal management control method comprises adjusting the range according to the calculated demand for heat transfer medium temperature and calculating the fan speed demand adjustment range based on heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger.
24. The thermal management control method according to claim 23, wherein optimal adjustment values of the pump and fan speeds are calculated with a view to minimizing a sum of power consumptions of the pump and fan, based on the calculated speed demand adjustment range of the pumping device and fan speed demand adjustment range.
25. The thermal management control method of claim 24, wherein the sum of the power consumption of the pump and the fan is input as feedback information to a power planning model module for the vehicle.
26. The thermal management control method of claim 25, wherein the thermal flow model module of the temperature controlled object is coupled to the power planning model module for receiving power planning model inputs from the power planning model module.
27. The thermal management control method of claim 26, wherein the power planning model module is coupled to receive an internet of vehicles information input from the internet of vehicles information module.
28. The thermal management control method of claim 27, wherein the calculated heat transfer requirements of the loop are input to the power plan model module as feedback information.
29. The thermal management control method of claim 20, wherein a real-time measured rate of temperature change of the temperature controlled object is compared to an expected rate of temperature change, the expected rate of temperature change is iteratively corrected based on the comparison, and the correction is sent to the thermal management controller as a closed-loop feedback control signal.
30. The thermal management control method of any of claims 20-29, wherein the temperature controlled object is selected from one of a drive motor, a power cell, a DCDC, an OBC, a cabin, an air cooling device, a galvanic pile.
31. A thermal management control method for a vehicle, the thermal management control system comprising: a closed circuit in which a heat transfer medium flows, including a plurality of temperature control objects connected in series, a pump pumping the heat transfer medium to flow through the temperature control objects, a heat exchanger through which the heat transfer medium passes and which exchanges heat with a source fluid serving as a heat source or a heat sink; and a thermal management controller that controls the closed loop, wherein a thermal management control method performed by the thermal management controller includes:
the series of temperature controlled objects are processed into a single equivalent temperature controlled object,
the thermal management control method according to any of claims 20-29, calculating a heat transfer medium flow demand adjustment range and a heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range;
a pump rotational speed value suitable for pump control is selected from the calculated heat transfer medium flow rate demand adjustment range, based on the temperature allowable range and the temperature change rate allowable range set for each temperature control object.
32. The thermal management control method according to claim 31, wherein the source fluid is ambient air, the circuit includes a fan for causing the ambient air to exchange heat with a heat transfer medium in a heat exchanger, the thermal management control method includes calculating a fan speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range and heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger, and selecting a corresponding fan speed value suitable for fan control from the calculated fan speed demand adjustment range based on a temperature allowable range and a temperature change rate allowable range set for each temperature controlled object.
33. The thermal management control method of claim 31, wherein the step of processing the series of temperature controlled objects into a single equivalent temperature controlled object comprises performing an equivalent calculation based on an expected rate of change of temperature of each temperature controlled object, a mass specific heat capacity of each temperature controlled object, a heat flow model of each temperature controlled object.
34. The thermal management control method according to claim 31, wherein the measured actual value of the temperature change rate of each temperature control object is compared with a corresponding preset expected temperature change rate, a correction calculation is performed, and the correction result is input to the thermal management controller as a correction value of the expected temperature change rate.
35. A thermal management control method for a vehicle, the vehicle comprising: a closed circuit in which a heat transfer medium flows, including a plurality of temperature control objects connected in parallel, a pump pumping the heat transfer medium to flow through the temperature control objects, a proportional distributing valve controlling the flow rate of the heat transfer medium in each of the parallel branches, and a heat exchanger through which the heat transfer medium passes and which performs heat exchange with a source fluid serving as a heat source or a cold source; and a thermal management controller that controls the loop, wherein a thermal management control method performed by the thermal management controller includes:
calculating a heat transfer medium flow demand adjustment range and a corresponding pump speed demand adjustment range of each branch according to the thermal management control method of any one of claims 20 to 29 for the branch in which each temperature control object is located;
the thermal management control method according to one of claims 20 to 29, calculating current temperature control capacities of branches of the circuit, and calculating these current temperature control capacities in a superimposed manner, calculating a heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range based on the calculated superimposed result,
based on the temperature allowable range and the temperature change rate allowable range set for each temperature control object, a pump rotation speed value suitable for pump control is selected from the calculated heat transfer medium flow rate demand adjustment ranges of the branches in which the respective temperature control objects are located.
36. The thermal management control method according to claim 35, wherein the flow distribution ratio of the proportional control valve is calculated based on the flow demand adjustment range of the heat transfer medium of the branch in which each temperature control object is located, and a corresponding control signal is sent to the proportional control valve.
37. The thermal management control method according to claim 35, wherein the source fluid is ambient air, the circuit includes a fan for causing the ambient air to exchange heat with a heat transfer medium in a heat exchanger, the thermal management control method includes calculating a fan speed demand adjustment range based on the calculated heat transfer medium temperature demand adjustment range and heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger, and selecting a corresponding fan speed value suitable for fan control from the calculated fan speed demand adjustment range based on a temperature allowable range and a temperature change rate allowable range set for each temperature controlled object.
38. The thermal management control method of any of claims 31-37, wherein the temperature controlled object is two or more selected from a drive motor, a power cell, DCDC, OBC, a cabin, an air cooling device, a galvanic pile.
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