CN114361797B - Method, device and system for rapidly and automatically calibrating phased array antenna - Google Patents
Method, device and system for rapidly and automatically calibrating phased array antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid automatic calibration method, device and system for a phased array antenna, and the method, device and system are used for acquiring the attitude information of the phased array antenna; calculating and controlling a first beam pointing direction; performing test optimization on the first wave beam; calculating and controlling the second beam pointing according to the level value record table obtained by optimizing the first beam test; performing test optimization on the second wave beam; comparing the control level value obtained by the test optimization of the first wave beam and the second wave beam with the level value obtained by calculation and calculating the mean square error; comparing the size relation between the mean square error and the first threshold value and the second threshold value and realizing the beam control of the full airspace; the invention realizes the extraction of control data when the antenna system is at a special beam angle by carrying out area optimization control on the phased array antenna, and carries out algorithm wave control in an angle area near the special beam angle by a phased array antenna wave control algorithm, thereby realizing the automatic calibration and control of the beam of the fast, high-precision and full-airspace phased array antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rapid calibration and wave control of phased array antennas, in particular to a rapid automatic calibration method, device and system of a phased array antenna.
Background
The phased array antenna has the technical advantages of low delay, high precision, interference resistance and the like, and is widely applied to radar or communication systems. With the protrusion of new technical fields such as 5G and satellite communication, low-cost phased array antennas gradually become hot spots. Compared with a high-precision T/R phased array antenna insensitive to cost requirements, the novel low-cost T/R, liquid crystal and other phased array antenna technology has the advantages of easiness in integration, low cost, simple structure and the like. However, these emerging technology designs and manufacturing processes are not yet mature and the overall performance of phased array antennas, particularly core-shifter performance uniformity, is insufficient to support the system requirements of phased array antennas as a whole. As a means to make up for the shortages of such industrial design and manufacturing process, a device with rapid automatic calibration and wave control of phased array antennas is urgently needed to be solved.
In the prior art, T/R component units, phase shifter units or antenna channel units are usually adopted for testing and calibrating one by one, after indexes of all or most of the T/R component units, the phase shifter units or the antenna channel units are obtained, the indexes of the units are written into an algorithm mapping table, then the approximate beam direction of the antenna is obtained through inquiring and calculating of a mapping algorithm, and finally the maximum value of the area nearby the target beam direction is found through closed loop calibration so as to realize the function of phased array beam control.
The T/R assembly unit or the phase shifter unit is extremely large in testing mode workload, long in period and low in efficiency; the mode of testing and calibrating the antenna channel units one by one cannot avoid crosstalk among the antenna units, so that testing errors are caused, and the functions of the phased array antenna system are affected; the algorithm mapping and closed loop calibration are implemented to solve the maximum value of the transmitted or received signal of the antenna system to a certain extent, but only a relatively large signal level is selected, and the maximum beam pointing is not fundamentally realized, so that fundamental errors cannot be avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a rapid automatic calibration method, device and system for a phased array antenna, which are used for solving the problems of large workload, long period, low efficiency, error and unavoidable fundamental errors of various phased array antenna test and calibration modes in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, a method for fast and automatic calibration of a phased array antenna includes:
s1: acquiring phased array antenna attitude information;
s2: calculating and controlling a first beam pointing direction;
s3: performing test optimization on the first wave beam;
s4: calculating and controlling the direction of a second wave beam according to the level value record table obtained by optimizing the first wave beam test;
s5: performing test optimization on the second beam;
s6: comparing the control level value obtained by the test optimization of the first wave beam and the second wave beam with the level value obtained by calculation and calculating the mean square error;
s7: comparing the mean square error with a first threshold value and a second threshold value;
if the mean square error is smaller than the first threshold, carrying out beam calculation and control according to a level value record table obtained by optimizing the first beam test;
if the mean square error is larger than the first threshold and smaller than the second threshold, carrying out beam calculation and control according to a level value record table obtained by optimizing the second beam test;
and if the mean square error is greater than the second threshold, adjusting the distance between the first beam and the second beam, performing test optimizing on the second beam again, performing mean square error numerical calculation on a control level value obtained by optimizing and the control level value obtained by the first beam test optimizing, and comparing the control level value with the second threshold again until the control level value is smaller than the second threshold.
Further, the test optimization includes a depth row scan and a depth column scan.
Further, the depth line scan and the depth column scan specifically are:
s11: controlling the loading level of the first row;
s12: acquiring the level acquired by the first row at the maximum signal power;
s13: recording and analyzing the control level value loaded by the first row when the maximum signal power is acquired, and recording and maintaining;
s14: continuing to execute S11 to S13 with the control level value held by the first row as a reference until the last row;
s15: s11 to S14 are repeatedly performed in columns.
Further, the test optimizing is continuously executed twice when the test optimizing is carried out on the first beam and the second beam.
Further, in the area between the first beam and the second beam, a level value is calculated according to the nearby pointing angle, and the beam is calculated and controlled.
Further, the first beam and the second beam are two adjacent beams.
Further, if the mean square error is greater than the second threshold, adjusting the distance between the first beam and the second beam specifically includes: and approaching the second beam angle to the first beam angle area.
Further, the first threshold of the 8×8 phased array antenna is 5%, and the second threshold is 12%.
In a second aspect, a phased array antenna rapid auto-calibration apparatus includes:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring phased array antenna attitude information;
the control module is used for calculating and controlling beam pointing;
the test optimizing module is used for testing and optimizing the wave beam;
the calculation module is used for calculating and controlling the pointing direction of the next wave beam according to the level value record table obtained by wave beam test optimizing;
the comparison module is used for comparing the control level value obtained by optimizing the adjacent two beam tests with the level value obtained by calculation and calculating the mean square error;
the comparison module is used for comparing the size relation between the mean square error and the first threshold value and the second threshold value;
if the mean square error is smaller than the first threshold, carrying out beam calculation and control according to a level value record table obtained by optimizing the first beam test;
if the mean square error is larger than the first threshold and smaller than the second threshold, carrying out beam calculation and control according to a level value record table obtained by optimizing the second beam test;
and if the mean square error is greater than a second threshold, adjusting the distance between the first beam and the second beam, performing test optimizing on the second beam again, performing mean square error numerical calculation on a control level value obtained by optimizing and the control level value obtained by the first beam test optimizing, and comparing the control level value with the second threshold again until the control level value is smaller than the second threshold.
The third aspect is that a phased array antenna quick automatic calibration system, including total accuse terminal, signal acquisition equipment, lumped switch, spherical support, radio frequency electromagnetic wave transmitter and antenna that awaits measuring, total accuse terminal pass through antenna control line, lumped switch control line and data acquisition line that awaits measuring respectively with the antenna that awaits measuring lumped switch with signal acquisition equipment electricity is connected, signal acquisition equipment still through antenna radio frequency cable and switch total circuit radio frequency cable with the antenna that awaits measuring with lumped switch electricity is connected, radio frequency electromagnetic wave transmitter installs on the spherical support through switch branch road radio frequency cable with lumped switch electricity is connected.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a rapid automatic calibration method, device and system for a phased array antenna, which acquire phased array antenna attitude information; calculating and controlling a first beam pointing direction; performing test optimization on the first wave beam; calculating and controlling the second beam pointing according to the level value record table obtained by optimizing the first beam test; performing test optimization on the second wave beam; comparing the control level value obtained by the test optimization of the first wave beam and the second wave beam with the level value obtained by calculation and calculating the mean square error; comparing the size relation between the mean square error and the first threshold value and the second threshold value and realizing the beam control of the full airspace; the invention realizes the extraction of control data when the antenna system is at a special beam angle by carrying out area optimization control on the phased array antenna, and carries out algorithm wave control in an angle area near the special beam angle by a phased array antenna wave control algorithm, thereby realizing the automatic calibration and control of the beam of the fast, high-precision and full-airspace phased array antenna.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the prior art and the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the prior art and the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary and that other drawings may be derived from the drawings provided without the inventive effort to those skilled in the art.
The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the present specification are shown only for the purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, for example, modifications, variations in proportions, or otherwise, used in the practice of the invention, which are particularly adapted to specific environments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a first flowchart of a rapid auto-calibration method for a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a second flowchart of a rapid auto-calibration method for a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a rapid automatic calibration system for a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-a master control terminal; 2-a signal acquisition device; 3-lumped switches; 4-a spherical stent; 5-a radio frequency electromagnetic wave emitter; 6-an antenna to be tested; 61-an antenna panel; 62-antenna control line; 63-an antenna main control board; 7-an antenna control line to be tested; 8-lumped switching control lines; 9-an antenna radio frequency cable; 10-a data acquisition line; 11-a switch main radio frequency cable; 12-switching branch radio frequency cable.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more. The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims of the invention, if any, are intended to distinguish between the referenced objects. For schemes with time sequence flows, such term expressions are not necessarily to be understood as describing a specific order or sequence, nor are such term expressions to distinguish between importance levels, positional relationships, etc. for schemes with device structures.
Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements that are expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed but inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus or steps or elements that may be added based on a further optimization scheme of the inventive concept.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for fast and automatic calibration of a phased array antenna, including:
s1: acquiring phased array antenna attitude information;
s2: calculating and controlling a first beam pointing direction;
specifically, the wave control algorithm calculates the wave control pointing angle from the relative position of the electromagnetic wave transmitting (or receiving) device and the antenna terminal, and controls the antenna beam control chip to load the required level value on the phase shifter unit on the antenna panel through the antenna control line, so as to realize preliminary beam pointing.
S3: performing test optimization on the first wave beam;
the optimization can be performed row by row (or column by column, or specific designated area by specific designated area) from the loading control level; specifically, the maximum signal power at the device is captured by the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transmitting device conducted with the lumped switch, and the maximum signal power is transmitted to the master control terminal after level acquisition by the signal acquisition equipment. And the master control terminal records and analyzes the control level value loaded by the row when the maximum signal power value is acquired, and records and maintains the control level value. The next row carries out the flow of control level loading, signal power acquisition, data calculation analysis and level record keeping again on the basis that the row has been kept level. The-scan-record is controlled row by row until the last row is completed. The above overall process is one deep line scan.
On the basis of one depth line scan, one depth column scan is performed column by column from the first column by the line scan method. To ensure accurate control of the beam pointing, a further depth line scan and a further depth column scan may be performed; the level value corresponding to each unit finally recorded is recorded into a table.
S4: calculating and controlling the direction of a second wave beam according to the level value record table obtained by optimizing the first wave beam test;
s5: performing test optimization on the second beam;
specifically, according to the process of performing test optimization on the first beam, performing test optimization on the second beam.
S6: comparing the control level value obtained by the test optimization of the first wave beam and the second wave beam with the level value obtained by calculation and calculating the mean square error;
s7: comparing the mean square error with a first threshold value and a second threshold value;
if the mean square error is smaller than the first threshold, carrying out beam calculation and control according to a level value record table obtained by optimizing the first beam test;
if the mean square error is larger than the first threshold and smaller than the second threshold, carrying out beam calculation and control according to a level value record table obtained by optimizing the second beam test;
and if the mean square error is greater than the second threshold, adjusting the distance between the first beam and the second beam, performing test optimizing on the second beam again, performing mean square error numerical calculation on a control level value obtained by optimizing and the control level value obtained by the first beam test optimizing, and comparing the control level value with the second threshold again until the control level value is smaller than the second threshold.
Comparing the calculation result with a system threshold value, and if the mean square value is smaller than the system threshold value, performing beam calculation and control in the area according to a level value record table of beam pointing obtained by first test optimization; and if the mean square value is larger than the first threshold value and smaller than the second threshold value, carrying out beam calculation and control according to the test optimization level value of the second beam angle. Performing beam calculation and control on a nearby pointing angle calculation level value for a region between the first beam angle and the second beam angle; if the mean square error value is larger than the second threshold value, the second beam angle is required to be close to the first beam angle area, the test optimizing level value is conducted again, the average square error value calculation is conducted on the optimizing level value and the first beam angle test optimizing level value, and comparison with the threshold value is conducted again until the second threshold value is met. Preferably, for an 8 x 8 phased array antenna, the threshold 1 is 5% and the threshold 2 is 12%.
And then performing test optimization-calculation analysis of the third beam angle. And (3) until the test optimizing-calculating analysis of the beam angles in the whole beam range of the antenna system is completed.
And recording the produced test optimizing level value into a table and storing the table into an algorithm system.
Through the steps, the test optimization of the level values corresponding to the discrete beam angles in the whole beam range of the antenna system can be realized, and the beam angles in other areas are controlled by inquiring the level values of the current required beam angle calculated by the level values of the existing test optimization beam angles nearby.
The invention provides a device for quickly and automatically calibrating and controlling a phased array antenna by combining the phased array antenna principle and starting from the actual situation of a low-cost high-integration phased array antenna. The extraction of control data in the special beam angle of the antenna system is realized by carrying out area optimization control on the phased array antenna. And then, the phased array antenna wave control algorithm is used for carrying out algorithm wave control in an angle area near the special beam angle, so that the automatic calibration and control of the beam of the full-airspace phased array antenna with high speed and high precision are realized.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a rapid auto-calibration apparatus for a phased array antenna, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring phased array antenna attitude information;
the control module is used for calculating and controlling beam pointing;
the test optimizing module is used for testing and optimizing the wave beam;
the calculation module is used for calculating and controlling the pointing direction of the next wave beam according to the level value record table obtained by wave beam test optimizing;
the comparison module is used for comparing the control level value obtained by optimizing the adjacent two beam tests with the level value obtained by calculation and calculating the mean square error;
the comparison module is used for comparing the size relation between the mean square error and the first threshold value and the second threshold value;
if the mean square error is smaller than the first threshold, carrying out beam calculation and control according to a level value record table obtained by optimizing the first beam test;
if the mean square error is larger than the first threshold and smaller than the second threshold, carrying out beam calculation and control according to a level value record table obtained by optimizing the second beam test;
and if the mean square error is greater than a second threshold, adjusting the distance between the first beam and the second beam, performing test optimizing on the second beam again, performing mean square error numerical calculation on a control level value obtained by optimizing and the control level value obtained by the first beam test optimizing, and comparing the control level value with the second threshold again until the control level value is smaller than the second threshold.
The specific limitation of the phased array antenna rapid auto-calibration device can be referred to as the limitation of the phased array antenna rapid auto-calibration method, and is not described herein.
Referring to fig. 3, another embodiment of the present invention provides a rapid automatic calibration system for phased array antennas, which includes a master control terminal 1, a signal acquisition device 2, a lumped switch 3, a spherical bracket 4, a radio frequency electromagnetic wave emitter 5 and an antenna to be tested 6, wherein the antenna to be tested 6 includes an antenna panel 61, an antenna control line 62 and an antenna master control board 63, the master control terminal 1 is electrically connected with the antenna to be tested 6, the lumped switch 3 and the signal acquisition device 2 through the antenna control line 7, the lumped switch control line 8 and the data acquisition line 10 respectively, the signal acquisition device 2 is electrically connected with the antenna to be tested 6 and the lumped switch 3 through an antenna radio frequency cable 9 and a switch total path radio frequency cable 11, and a plurality of radio frequency electromagnetic wave emitters 5 are mounted on the spherical bracket 4 and electrically connected with the lumped switch 3 through a switch branch radio frequency cable 12.
The above specific embodiments may be combined with each other and some embodiments may not be repeated for the same or similar concepts or processes.
Any combination of the technical features of the above embodiments may be performed (as long as there is no contradiction between the combination of the technical features), and for brevity of description, all of the possible combinations of the technical features of the above embodiments are not described; these examples, which are not explicitly written, should also be considered as being within the scope of the present description.
The invention has been described above with particularity and detail in connection with general description and specific embodiments. It should be noted that it is obvious that several variations and modifications can be made to these specific embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, which are all within the scope of protection of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (10)
1. A method for rapid auto-calibration of a phased array antenna, comprising:
s1: acquiring phased array antenna attitude information;
s2: calculating and controlling a first beam pointing direction;
s3: performing test optimization on the first wave beam;
s4: calculating and controlling the second beam pointing direction according to the level value record table obtained in the step S3;
s5: performing test optimization on the second beam;
s6: comparing the control level value in the level value record table obtained in the step S3 and the step S5 with the calculated level value and calculating the mean square error;
s7: comparing the mean square error with a first threshold value and a second threshold value;
if the mean square error is smaller than the first threshold, carrying out beam calculation and control according to the level value record table obtained in the step S3;
if the mean square error is larger than the first threshold and smaller than the second threshold, carrying out beam calculation and control according to the level value record table obtained in the step S5;
if the mean square error is greater than the second threshold, adjusting the distance between the first beam and the second beam, performing test optimizing again on the second beam, and performing mean square error numerical calculation on a control level value in a level value record table obtained by optimizing and a control level value in a level value record table obtained by testing optimizing of the first beam, and comparing the control level value with the second threshold again until the control level value is smaller than the second threshold;
the test optimizing method specifically comprises the following steps: the maximum signal power of the phased array antenna is captured by the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transmitter conducted with the lumped switch, the level is acquired by the signal acquisition equipment and then transmitted to the master control terminal, and the master control terminal records and analyzes the control level value loaded when the maximum signal power value is acquired, records and maintains.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the test optimization comprises a deep row scan and a deep column scan.
3. A method of fast auto-calibration of a phased array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that the depth line scan and the depth column scan are in particular:
s11: controlling the loading level of the first row;
s12: acquiring the level acquired by the first row at the maximum signal power;
s13: recording and analyzing the control level value loaded by the first row when the maximum signal power is acquired, and recording and maintaining;
s14: continuing to execute S11 to S13 with the control level value held by the first row as a reference until the last row;
s15: s11 to S14 are repeatedly performed in columns.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the test-optimizing is performed twice in succession when the first beam and the second beam are test-optimized.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in the area between the first beam and the second beam, a level value is calculated based on the near pointing angle and the beam is calculated and controlled.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first beam and the second beam are two adjacent beams.
7. The method for fast auto-calibration of a phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein if the mean square error is greater than the second threshold, adjusting the distance between the first beam and the second beam is specifically: and the second beam is close to the first beam area.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first threshold value is 5% and the second threshold value is 12% for an 8 x 8 phased array antenna.
9. A rapid auto-calibration device for a phased array antenna, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring phased array antenna attitude information;
the control module is used for calculating and controlling the first beam pointing direction;
the first test optimizing module is used for carrying out test optimizing on the first wave beam and obtaining a first level value record table;
the calculation module is used for calculating and controlling the second beam pointing direction according to the first level value record table;
the second test optimizing module is used for carrying out test optimizing on the second wave beam and obtaining a second level value record table;
the comparison module is used for comparing the control level values in the first level value record table and the second level value record table with the calculated level values and calculating the mean square error;
the comparison module is used for comparing the size relation between the mean square error and the first threshold value and the second threshold value;
if the mean square error is smaller than the first threshold value, carrying out beam calculation and control according to the first level value record table;
if the mean square error is larger than the first threshold value and smaller than the second threshold value, carrying out beam calculation and control according to the second level value record table;
if the mean square error is greater than a second threshold value, adjusting the distance between the first beam and the second beam, performing test optimizing again on the second beam, performing mean square error numerical calculation on a control level value in a level value recording table obtained by optimizing and a control level value in the first level value recording table, and comparing the control level value with the second threshold value again until the distance is smaller than the second threshold value;
the test optimizing method specifically comprises the following steps: the maximum signal power of the phased array antenna is captured by the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transmitter conducted with the lumped switch, the level is acquired by the signal acquisition equipment and then transmitted to the master control terminal, and the master control terminal records and analyzes the control level value loaded when the maximum signal power value is acquired, records and maintains.
10. The phased array antenna rapid automatic calibration system for implementing the phased array antenna rapid automatic calibration method according to any one of claims 1-8, comprising a master control terminal, a signal acquisition device, a lumped switch, a spherical bracket, a radio frequency electromagnetic wave transmitter and an antenna to be tested, wherein the master control terminal is electrically connected with the antenna to be tested, the lumped switch and the signal acquisition device through a control line of the antenna to be tested, a control line of the lumped switch and a data acquisition line of the lumped switch respectively, the signal acquisition device is electrically connected with the antenna to be tested and the lumped switch through an antenna radio frequency cable and a switch total path radio frequency cable, the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transmitter is mounted on the spherical bracket, and the radio frequency electromagnetic wave transmitter is electrically connected with the lumped switch through a switch branch radio frequency cable.
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