CN114361362B - Display panel and display device - Google Patents
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- CN114361362B CN114361362B CN202111659794.9A CN202111659794A CN114361362B CN 114361362 B CN114361362 B CN 114361362B CN 202111659794 A CN202111659794 A CN 202111659794A CN 114361362 B CN114361362 B CN 114361362B
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Abstract
The application discloses a display panel and a display device, wherein a refraction structure is added between a film layer where a light-emitting element is positioned and a film layer where a shading structure is positioned, the refraction structure comprises a first refraction structure and a second refraction structure, the refraction index of the second refraction structure is larger than that of the first refraction structure, and the principle that light enters a low-refraction-index material from a high-refraction-index material to generate total reflection is utilized to change the propagation direction of a light path is utilized, so that the light emitted by the light-emitting element reaches the upper part of the shading structure after the total reflection occurs at the interface of the first refraction structure and the second refraction structure, the propagation direction of the light path is changed, the display effect of a black area above the shading structure is weakened or even eliminated, and the display effect of the display panel is comprehensively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of display, in particular to a display panel and a display device.
Background
With the continuous development of science and technology, more and more electronic devices with display functions are widely applied to daily life and work of people, bring great convenience to people such as daily life and work, and become an indispensable important tool for people at present.
The problem that the metal wire shields the luminous area exists in the existing electronic equipment, so that a visual black area above the metal wire is caused, and the display effect is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a display panel and a display device, wherein a refraction structure is added between a film layer where a light-emitting element is arranged and a film layer where a shading structure is arranged, part of light rays emitted by the light-emitting element reach the upper part of the shading structure after being totally reflected by the refraction structure, so that the light rays above the shading structure are compensated, the effect of weakening a black area above the shading structure is achieved, and the display effect of the display panel is improved.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a display panel including:
a substrate and a plurality of light emitting elements located on one side of the substrate;
a light shielding structure positioned on one side of the light emitting element away from the substrate; the vertical projection of the light shielding structure on the plane of the substrate is a first projection, the vertical projection of the light emitting element on the plane of the substrate is a second projection, and the first projection and the second projection are at least partially overlapped;
the refraction structure is positioned between the film layer where the light-emitting element is positioned and the film layer where the shading structure is positioned; the refraction structure comprises a first refraction structure and a second refraction structure, and the refractive index of the second refraction structure is larger than that of the first refraction structure;
the vertical projection of the first light refracting structure on the plane of the substrate is a third projection, and the third projection is positioned on at least one side of the first projection along the first direction; the first direction is parallel to a plane in which the substrate is located.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a display apparatus, where the display apparatus includes the display panel provided in the first aspect.
According to the display panel provided by the embodiment of the application, the refraction structure is added between the film layer where the light-emitting element is positioned and the film layer where the shading structure is positioned, the refraction structure comprises the first refraction structure and the second refraction structure, the refraction index of the second refraction structure is larger than that of the first refraction structure, and the principle that light rays are subjected to total reflection by a material with a high refraction index to change the propagation direction of a light path is utilized, so that the light rays emitted by the light-emitting element reach the upper part of the shading structure after being subjected to total reflection at the interface of the first refraction structure and the second refraction structure, the light rays above the shading structure are compensated, the effect of weakening the black area above the shading structure is achieved, and the display effect of the display panel is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a display panel according to the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel along AA' in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel along aa' in FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a display panel according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel along BB' in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display panel along BB' in FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel along the line CC' in FIG. 4;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display panel along the line CC' in FIG. 4;
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display panel along the line CC' in FIG. 4;
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display panel along the line CC' in FIG. 4;
FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display panel along the line CC' in FIG. 4;
FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display panel along the line CC' in FIG. 4;
FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display panel along the line CC' in FIG. 4;
FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display panel along the line CC' in FIG. 4;
FIG. 15 is a schematic top view of another display panel according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 16 is an enlarged view of a portion of the inside of the dashed box P in FIG. 5;
fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the application and are not limiting thereof. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the structures related to the present application are shown in the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a display panel according to the prior art; FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel along AA' in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel along aa' in FIG. 1. As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the display panel 100 includes a substrate 10 and a plurality of light emitting elements 11; the light shielding structure 12 is located on a side of the light emitting element 11 away from the substrate 10, and the light shielding structure 12 may include a non-transparent metal trace, such as a touch bridge, a touch trace, and the like. Since the light shielding structure 12 has a problem of shielding the outgoing light of the light emitting element, as shown in the hatched areas in fig. 2 and 3, a problem of having a black area when the human eyes observe the area where the light shielding structure 12 is located is caused, and the display effect is affected.
Based on the technical problems, the inventor further researches the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application. Specifically, an embodiment of the present application provides a display panel, which includes a substrate and a plurality of light emitting elements located at one side of the substrate; a light shielding structure positioned on one side of the light emitting element away from the substrate; the vertical projection of the shading structure on the plane of the substrate is a first projection, the vertical projection of the light emitting element on the plane of the substrate is a second projection, and the first projection and the second projection are at least partially overlapped; a refractive structure located between the film layer where the light emitting element is located and the film layer where the light shielding structure is located; the refractive structure comprises a first refractive structure and a second refractive structure, and the refractive index of the second refractive structure is larger than that of the first refractive structure; the vertical projection of the first light refraction structure on the plane of the substrate is a third projection, and the third projection is positioned on at least one side of the first projection along the first direction; the first direction is parallel to the plane of the substrate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the refraction structure is added between the film layer where the light-emitting element is and the film layer where the shading structure is, the refraction structure comprises the first refraction structure and the second refraction structure, the refraction index of the second refraction structure is larger than that of the first refraction structure, the principle that light rays enter the low-refraction-index material from the high-refraction-index material to generate total reflection to change the propagation direction of the light path is utilized, the light rays emitted by the light-emitting element reach the upper part of the shading structure after the total reflection occurs at the interface of the first refraction structure and the second refraction structure, the propagation direction of the light path is changed, the display effect of the black area above the shading structure is weakened or even eliminated, and the display effect of the display panel is comprehensively improved.
The foregoing is the core idea of the present application, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without making any inventive effort are intended to fall within the scope of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a display panel according to an embodiment of the application; FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel along BB' in FIG. 4; FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display panel along BB' in FIG. 4; FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel along the line CC' in FIG. 4; FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display panel along the line CC' in FIG. 4; FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display panel along the line CC' in FIG. 4; FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display panel along the line CC' in FIG. 4; FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display panel along the line CC' in FIG. 4; FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display panel along the line CC' in FIG. 4; FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display panel along the line CC' in FIG. 4; fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display panel along CC' in fig. 4. As shown in fig. 4 to 14, the display panel 200 includes a substrate 20 and a plurality of light emitting elements 30 located at one side of the substrate 20; a light shielding structure 40 located on a side of the light emitting element 30 away from the substrate 20; the vertical projection of the light shielding structure 40 on the plane of the substrate 20 is a first projection, the vertical projection of the light emitting element 30 on the plane of the substrate 20 is a second projection, and the first projection and the second projection at least partially overlap; a refractive structure 50 located between the film layer of the light emitting element 30 and the film layer of the light shielding structure 40; the refractive structure 50 includes a first refractive structure 51 and a second refractive structure 52, the refractive index of the second refractive structure 52 being greater than the refractive index of the first refractive structure 51; the vertical projection of the first light refracting structure 51 on the plane of the substrate 20 is a third projection, and the third projection is located on at least one side of the first projection along the first direction (as shown in the X direction in fig. 4); the first direction (shown as the X direction in fig. 4) is parallel to the plane of the substrate 20.
The display panel provided by the embodiment of the application can be a touch display panel, namely, a display panel integrating a touch function. Specifically, the touch structure in the touch display panel may be located at a light emitting side of the display structure, for example, the touch structure is independent of the display structure, that is, the externally hung touch display panel, and the touch structure is prepared after the preparation of the display structure is completed, and the touch structure includes an independent substrate; or the touch structure is arranged on the packaging layer of the display panel, the touch structure can be arranged on the packaging layer of the display structure, and the packaging layer can be used as a substrate of the touch structure. The embodiment of the application does not limit the specific arrangement form of the touch display panel.
Further, as shown in fig. 5 to 14, the substrate 20 of the display panel may be made of a rigid material such as glass or silicon, or may be made of a flexible material such as ultra-thin glass, metal foil or polymer plastic material, and the flexible or rigid substrate 20 may block oxygen and moisture and prevent moisture or impurities from diffusing into the display panel through the substrate 20. Alternatively, the display panel 200 further includes a buffer layer 60 and a driving circuit layer 70 sequentially disposed on one side of the substrate 20, the buffer layer 60 may cover the entire upper surface of the substrate 20, the driving circuit layer 70 may include a pixel circuit, and the pixel circuit may include a plurality of thin film transistors (Thin Film Transistor, TFT) 700 for driving the light emitting element 30 to emit light for display. A plurality of light emitting elements 30 are provided on one side of the substrate 20, and the light emitting elements 30 include organic light emitting display diodes (Organic Light Emitting Diode Display, OLED), micro light emitting diodes (Micro Light Emitting Diode Display, micro LED), active-matrix organic light emitting diodes (Active-Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode, AMOLED), quantum dot light emitting diodes (Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes, QLED), and the like. Taking the light emitting element 30 as an organic light emitting diode as an example, the light emitting element 30 includes an anode 31, a light emitting material 32, and a cathode 32, the anode 31 and the cathode 33 may be transparent conductive materials such as at least one of indium tin oxide and indium zinc oxide, and the light emitting material 32 includes a low molecular or high molecular organic material. Illustratively, the structure of the driving circuit layer of the OLED touch display panel is illustrated by taking a top gate type thin film transistor as an example, and the structure of the driving circuit layer 70 of the display panel includes an active layer 71 on a substrate 20; a gate insulating layer 72 on the active layer 71; a gate electrode 73 on the gate insulating layer 72; a first interlayer insulating layer 741 on the gate electrode 73, a capacitor layer 75 on the first interlayer insulating layer 74, and a second interlayer insulating layer 742 on the capacitor layer 75, wherein the interlayer insulating layer may be formed by insulating an inorganic layer of silicon oxide or silicon nitride; a source electrode 76 and a drain electrode 77 on the second interlayer insulating layer 742, wherein the source electrode 76 and the drain electrode 77 are electrically connected (or bonded) to the source region and the drain region, respectively, through contact holes; a passivation layer 78 on the source and drain electrodes 76 and 77 of the thin film transistor 700; the first planarization layer 79 is further included, and has a planarization function, the drain electrode 77 of the thin film transistor 700 is electrically connected with the anode 31 of the light emitting element 30 through a via hole, and a metal layer 771 and an insulating layer 772 are further included between the drain electrode 77 and the anode 31, so that the via hole is connected with current signal transmission, and light emitting element 30 is driven to emit light.
A light shielding structure 40 is disposed on a side of the light emitting element 30 away from the substrate 20, where the light shielding structure 40 includes a metal connection line on an upper layer of the light emitting element 30, a touch bridge between adjacent touch electrodes, or a touch trace. It should be noted that, the light shielding structure 40 in the embodiment of the present application refers to a metal connection line in a region where a vertical projection of the metal connection line 4 on the upper layer of the light emitting element 30 on the plane of the substrate 20 overlaps a vertical projection of the light emitting element 30 on the plane of the substrate 20, that is, a light region 40 shown in a dashed line in fig. 4 for shielding the light emitting element 30.
In the preparation of the display panel, due to the large number of the light shielding structures 40, the vertical projection (first projection) of the light shielding structures 40 on the plane of the substrate 20 and the vertical projection (second projection) of the light emitting element 30 on the plane of the substrate 20 are overlapped, which is difficult to avoid, and are shown in fig. 4-6; or the vertical projection (first projection) of the light shielding structure 40 on the plane of the substrate 20 and the vertical projection (second projection) of the light emitting element 30 on the plane of the substrate 20 are completely overlapped, and when the display panel is observed, black areas exist visually corresponding to the position of the light shielding structure 40, so that the display effect is affected, as shown in fig. 4, 7-14. In view of this problem, the present application sets the refractive index of the first refractive structure 51 to be less than 1.5, preferably, 1.4, for example, transparent glass, na2SiO3, caSiO3, siO2, or Na2o·cao· 6sio2 by adding the refractive structure 50 between the light emitting element 30 and the light shielding structure 40, the refractive structure 50 including the first refractive structure 51 and the second refractive structure 52, both of which are made of transparent materials (i.e., have higher light transmittance), including organic materials or inorganic materials, such as organic glass materials, by reasonably selecting the refractive index of the materials; the second refractive structure 52 has a refractive index of greater than 1.6, preferably a refractive index of 1.8, for example, an ink (aqueous ink) material containing ZrO nanoparticles, so that it satisfies the condition of changing the optical path by total reflection. The materials of the first light refraction structure 51 and the second light refraction structure 52 are not particularly limited, and the refractive index of the second light refraction structure 52 is required to be larger than that of the first light refraction structure 51 under the condition of light transmission.
The positions of the first light refracting structure 51 and the light shielding structure 40 are further set, so that the vertical projection of the light refracting structure on the plane of the substrate 20 is at least located at one side of the vertical projection of the light shielding structure 40 on the plane of the substrate 20 along the X direction in fig. 4, and the principle that the light enters the low refractive index material from the high refractive index material to generate total reflection to change the propagation direction of the light path is utilized, so that part of the light emitted by the light emitting element 30 enters the interface of the first light refracting structure 51 through the second light refracting structure 52 to generate total reflection and then reaches the upper part of the light shielding structure 40, the propagation direction of the light is changed, the shielding of the light by the light shielding region 40 is made up, and the display effect of the black area above the light shielding structure 40 is weakened or even eliminated, thereby comprehensively improving the display effect of the display panel. The light at the interface of the first refraction structure 51 not only reaches the upper side of the shading structure 40, but also includes that the reflected light, the refracted light, the scattered light and the like at the interface of the first refraction structure 51 can reach the upper side of the shading structure 40, and only the light path change of the total reflected light is controllable and more concentrated, so that the improvement of the dark area above the shading area 40 is more obvious.
It should be noted that, the display panel provided in this embodiment further includes other film layers, such as a pixel defining layer 21 located on one side of the substrate 20, for defining a light emitting area, so as to prevent or reduce color mixing between pixels, where the material may include at least one of polyimide, polyamide, acrylic resin, and organic insulating materials such as cyclobutene and phenolic resin; the second planarization layer 22, which is located at a side of the light emitting element 30 away from the substrate 20, has a planarization function, and may be a single-layer, double-layer or multi-layer structure, including an organic material of benzocyclobutene or acrylic or an inorganic material including silicon nitride; the encapsulation cover plate 23 located on the light emitting side of the light shielding structure 40 away from the light emitting element 30 can be used for encapsulation protection of the display panel 20, for example, can be a glass cover plate, so as to prevent the display panel from being corroded by water and oxygen, and other film layers cooperate to realize the display function of the display panel, which is not described in detail herein.
Wherein, the X1 direction in the figures 5 and 6 is parallel to the section at BB ', and the X2 direction in the figures 7 and 14 is parallel to the section at CC'; the Y direction in fig. 5 to 14 is parallel to the thickness direction of the display panel.
It should be noted that fig. 7-14 only show the optical film structure of the light emitting element 30 on the side far from the substrate 20, and the optical film structure of the light emitting element 30 on the side close to the substrate 20 is shown in fig. 5 and 6, which are not shown here in a way of illustration.
In summary, the embodiment of the application provides a display panel, by adding a refractive structure between a film layer where a light emitting element is located and a film layer where a light shielding structure is located, the refractive structure includes a first refractive structure and a second refractive structure, the refractive index of the second refractive structure is greater than that of the first refractive structure, and the principle that light is totally reflected by a material with a high refractive index to change the propagation direction of a light path is utilized, so that the light emitted by the light emitting element reaches the upper side of the light shielding structure after being totally reflected at the interface between the first refractive structure and the second refractive structure, and the light above the light shielding structure is compensated, thereby playing the roles of weakening the black area above the light shielding structure and improving the display effect of the display panel.
Fig. 15 is a schematic top view of another display panel according to an embodiment of the application. As shown in fig. 15, the third projections may optionally be distributed continuously around the first projections.
As shown in fig. 15, the first refraction structure 51 is formed by continuously surrounding the refraction structure 40, or is formed by combining a plurality of structures, and the vertical projection of the first refraction structure 51 on the plane of the substrate 20 is continuously distributed around the vertical projection of the refraction structure 40 on the plane of the substrate 20, so that the light around the light shielding structure 40 can reach the upper side of the light shielding structure 40 after being totally reflected by the first refraction structure 51, thereby comprehensively changing the propagation direction of the light around the light shielding structure 40, and reducing the effect of displaying black areas above the light shielding structure 40.
Optionally, the third projection comprises a plurality of spaced sub-projections, the plurality of sub-projections being spaced around the first projection.
Illustratively, the vertical projection of the first light refractive structure 51 on the plane of the substrate 20 includes a plurality of sub-projections arranged at intervals, for example, 2 sub-projections may surround the light shielding structure 40 (as shown in fig. 4), 4 sub-projections may surround the light shielding structure 40, or other numbers, which are not listed here. The plurality of sub-projections are arranged around the refraction structure 40 at intervals of vertical projection on the plane of the substrate 20, so that on one hand, the propagation direction of light around the light shielding structure 40 can be changed, the effect of a display black area above the light shielding structure 40 is reduced, on the other hand, the position of the first refraction structure 51 can be flexibly adjusted, the shielding of the first refraction structure 51 to the light emitting element 30 is reduced, and the display effect of the light emitting area is ensured.
With continued reference to fig. 5-13, the second refractive structure 52 may optionally cover at least a sidewall of the first refractive structure 51.
For example, the second light refraction structure 52 may completely cover the surface of the first light refraction structure 51, and as shown in fig. 5-11, the preparation is simple by adopting the completely covered arrangement, and the surface of the second light refraction structure 52 is flat, so as to facilitate the preparation of the upper film layer; or the second refraction structure 52 wraps the side wall of the first refraction structure 51, and the arrangement of wrapping the side wall is combined with that shown in fig. 12-13, so that the total reflection of light on the surface of the first refraction structure 51 is met, meanwhile, the thickness of the refraction structure 50 can be controlled, the attenuation of the refraction structure 50 to the display light emitted by the light-emitting element 30 is reduced, and the light emitting efficiency of the light is improved.
Based on the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, alternatively, the first light refracting structure 51 is located on a side of the second light refracting structure 52 near the substrate 20, and the second light refracting structure 52 wraps around the first light refracting structure 51.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, in an exemplary manner, in the thickness direction of the display panel (as shown in the Y direction in the drawing), the second light refraction structure 52 has a certain thickness, the first light refraction structure 51 is disposed on one side of the second light refraction structure 52 near the substrate 20, the surface of the first light refraction structure 51 is covered by the second light refraction structure 52, and the surface of the second light refraction structure 52 is flat, so that the preparation of an upper film layer is facilitated. When the light emitted from the light emitting element 30 passes through the film layers of the display panels and reaches the upper side of the light shielding structure 40 after being totally reflected on the surface of the first light folding structure 51, the shielding of the light shielding structure 40 to the light can be compensated, and the effect of reducing the display black area can be achieved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the second refractive structure 52 may alternatively include a first refractive layer 521 and a second refractive layer 522 that are stacked, where the second refractive layer 522 is located on a side of the first refractive layer 521 away from the substrate 20; the first light refractive structure 51 is located on a side of the first light refractive layer 521 away from the substrate 20, and the second light refractive layer 522 wraps the sidewall of the first light refractive structure 51.
For example, as shown in fig. 9 and 10, in the preparation of the film layer of the display panel, the first light refractive layer 521 with a high refractive index may be prepared on one side of the substrate 20, the first light refractive structure 51 with a low refractive index is prepared on the side of the first light refractive layer 521 far from the substrate 20, the second light refractive layer 522 is prepared to cover the side wall of the first light refractive structure 51 by adopting a full-layer filling manner, and the first light refractive layer 521 and the second light refractive layer 522 are made of the same material and have a certain leveling filling property. The first light refracting structure 51 is arranged close to the light shading structure 40, so that light rays emitted by the light emitting elements 30 around the light shading structure 40 can reach the upper side of the light shading structure 40 after being totally reflected by the surface of the first light refracting structure 51, the shielding of the light rays by the light shading structure 40 is made up, and the effect of reducing the display black area is further achieved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 to 6, the first light refraction structure 51 includes a first light refraction prism 511 and a second light refraction prism 512, and vertical projections of the first light refraction structure 51 and the second light refraction structure 52 on a plane of the substrate 20 are respectively located at different sides of the first projection along a first direction (as shown in an X direction in the drawing); the second refraction structure 52 includes a third refraction layer 523 and a fourth refraction layer 524 that are stacked, and the fourth refraction layer 524 is located at a side of the third refraction layer 523 away from the substrate 20; the first refraction prism 511 is located at one side of the third refraction layer 523 close to the substrate 20, and the third refraction layer 523 covers the first refraction prism 511; the second refraction prism 512 is located at a side of the third refraction layer 523 far from the substrate 20, and the fourth refraction layer 524 wraps the sidewall of the second refraction prism 512.
As an example, as shown in fig. 4 to 6, there is a case where a vertical projection of the light shielding structure 40 on the plane of the substrate 20 overlaps with a vertical projection of the light emitting element 30 on the plane of the substrate 20, and in order to enhance the refraction effect of the first refraction structure 51 on the light, the first refraction prism 511 and the second refraction prism 512 are disposed along the thickness direction of the display panel. Specifically, during the preparation of the display panel film layer, the first refractive prism 511 with low refractive index may be prepared on one side of the substrate 20, the third refractive layer 523 with high refractive index is filled above the first refractive prism 511 to perform the functions of cladding the first refractive prism 511 and flattening, the second refractive prism 512 with low refractive index is further prepared on one side of the third refractive layer 523 away from the substrate 20, and then the fourth refractive layer 524 is prepared to clad the side wall of the first refractive structure 51 by adopting a full-layer filling mode. The third refractive layer 523 and the fourth refractive layer 524 are made of the same material and have a certain leveling filling property. The light emitted from the light emitting element 30 passes through the multiple film layers of the display panel, and is totally reflected on the surfaces of the first light prism 511 and the second light refraction prism 512, and then reaches the upper part of the light shielding structure 40, so that the light around the light shielding structure 40 can be further improved to deflect to the upper part by adopting the structural design, the shielding of the light shielding structure 40 to the light is compensated, and the effect of reducing the display black area is achieved.
Fig. 16 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the inside of the dashed box P in fig. 5. 4-6 and 16, optionally, along the thickness direction of the display panel (as shown in the Y direction in the figure), the thicknesses of the first refraction prisms 511 are H1, the thicknesses of the second refraction prisms 512 are H2, and the sum of the thicknesses of the third refraction layer 523 and the fourth refraction layer 524 is H3; the distance between the first refractive prism 511 and the light shielding structure 40 is L1, and the distance between the second refractive prism 512 and the light shielding structure 40 is L2; wherein H1 is less than or equal to 1.5 mu m and less than or equal to 2.5 mu m, H2 is less than or equal to 1.5 mu m and less than or equal to 2.5 mu m, H3 is less than or equal to 25 mu m and less than or equal to 35 mu m, L1 is less than or equal to 10 mu m and less than or equal to 15 mu m, and L2 is less than or equal to 1.5 mu m and less than or equal to 2.5 mu m.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4-6, along the thickness direction of the display panel (as shown in the Y direction in the drawing), H is reasonably set according to the vertical projection overlapping area and the positional relationship of the light shielding structure 40 and the light emitting element 30 on the plane of the substrate 20 1 、H 2 、H 3 、L 1 、L 2 For example, the sum H of the thicknesses of the third refractive layer 523 and the fourth refractive layer 524 is set 3 The thickness of the first refractive prism 511 and the second refractive prism 512 is 2 μm, and the distance L between the first refractive prism 511 and the light shielding structure 40 is 30 μm 1 A distance L between the second refractive prism 512 and the light shielding structure 40 of 10 μm to 15 μm 2 At 2 μm, the light-emitting element 3 can be satisfiedThe light (1) emitted by 0 reaches the upper part of the shading structure 40 after being totally reflected by the first refraction prism 511, and the light (2) emitted by the light emitting element 30 reaches the upper part of the shading structure 40 after being totally reflected by the second refraction prism 512, so that the shading structure 40 can cover the light, and the effect of reducing the display black area is achieved.
As further shown in fig. 5-6 and 16, the first refractive prism 511 may include a first sidewall S1 adjacent to one side of the light shielding structure 40; the second refraction prism 512 includes a second sidewall S2 near one side of the light shielding structure 40; the maximum included angle between the plane of the first sidewall S1 and the plane of the substrate 20 towards the light shielding structure 40 is theta, wherein theta is more than 90 degrees and less than or equal to 120 degrees; the maximum angle between the second sidewall S2 and the plane of the substrate 20 towards the light shielding structure 40 is gamma, wherein 30 DEG.ltoreq.gamma < 90 deg.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5-6 and 16, the first refractive prism 511 includes a first sidewall S1 near a side of the light shielding structure 40, the second refractive prism 512 includes a second sidewall S2 near a side of the light shielding structure 40, and the first sidewall S1 and the second sidewall S2 may be planar or curved, and in fig. 5 and 6, the first sidewall S1 and the second sidewall S2 are exemplified as curved surfaces, when the first sidewall S1 is a curved surface, points on the curved surface of the first sidewall S1 are tangential lines, and an included angle between each tangential line and a plane of the substrate 20 facing the light shielding structure 40 is a maximum value θ, and the included angle is a gradient angle of the first sidewall S1, so that the angle θ is less than or equal to 90 °; similarly, each point on the curved surface of the second sidewall S2 is taken as a tangent, and the maximum value of the included angle between each tangent and the plane of the substrate 20 facing the light shielding structure 40 is γ, and the included angle is the gradient angle of the second sidewall S2, so that 30 ° is less than or equal to γ and less than 90 °.
In fig. 4, in other cross-sectional views 7-14 of the display panel, the first sidewall of the first prism 511 near the light shielding structure 40 and the second sidewall of the second prism 512 near the light shielding structure 40 are in a straight line state, and the slope angle in the embodiment of the present application refers to the maximum nip between the tangent plane of the sidewall and the plane of the substrate 20 facing the light shielding structure 40, regardless of whether the sidewall forming the first prism 51 is a plane or a curved planeThe angle is a slope angle. By reasonable arrangement of H 1 、H 2 、H 3 、L 1 、L 2 And the slope angles of the first side wall S1 and the second side wall S2 can reduce the area of the black area caused by the shielding of the light shielding structure 40 by more than 70%, thereby effectively improving the visible problem of the light shielding structure 40.
Further, as shown in fig. 5-14, the thickness of the first light-refracting structure 51, the thickness of the second light-refracting structure 52, the distance between the first light-refracting structure 51 and the light-shielding structure 40, and the gradient angle parameter of the first light-refracting structure 51 are reasonably adjusted, so that the light emitted from the light-emitting element 30 can reach the upper side of the light-shielding structure 40 after being totally reflected by the side wall of the first light-refracting structure 51, the shielding of the light by the light-shielding structure 40 is compensated, the visual black area above the light-shielding structure 40 is reduced, and the display effect of the display panel is comprehensively improved.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 7, the first refractive structure 51 includes refractive prisms 513 and the second refractive structure 52 is disposed entirely.
As shown in fig. 7, the first refraction structure 51 includes a refraction prism 513, the second refraction structure 52 has a refractive index greater than that of the refraction prism 513, so that the condition that light is totally reflected at the interface between the refraction prism 513 and the second refraction structure 52 is satisfied, and the second refraction structure 52 is arranged in a whole layer, so that the preparation process of the second refraction structure 52 can be effectively simplified, the surface of the second refraction structure is flat, and the preparation of the upper film layer is facilitated.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 13, considering that the light extraction efficiency of the light emitting element 30 may be affected by the excessive thickness of the refractive structure 50, the second refractive structure 52 may be separately disposed, and only covers the surface of the first refractive structure 51, so long as the total reflection of light on the surface of the first refractive structure 51 is satisfied, and the thickness and the size range of the second refractive structure 52 are not particularly limited.
Optionally, the first projection is located within the second projection.
For example, there is a vertical projection of the light shielding structure 40 on the plane of the substrate 20 completely located in a vertical projection of the light emitting element 30 on the plane of the substrate 20, where the light shielding structure 40 has a larger shielding effect on the light emitting element 30, and thus, the display effect is affected, and in combination with the above embodiment, a refractive structure 50 that surrounds the light shielding structure 40 in a ring shape may be disposed between the light shielding structure 40 and the light emitting element 30, as shown in fig. 15, or a refractive structure 50 that surrounds the light shielding structure 40 at intervals may be employed, and in combination with fig. 4-14, the problem of black area in display of the light shielding structure 40 may be reduced by using the principle that the light ray changes the propagation direction to reach above the light shielding structure 40 after the total reflection of the refractive structure 50 occurs.
Optionally, the display panel 200 includes a touch display panel, the display panel 200 further includes a touch structure 80 located on a side of the light emitting element 30 away from the substrate 20, the touch structure 80 includes a metal touch bridge 81, and the light shielding structure 40 includes the metal touch bridge 81.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4-15, the display panel 200 includes a touch display panel, which includes a self-capacitance touch display panel and a mutual-capacitance touch display panel, which is not particularly limited herein. The display panel 200 further includes a touch structure 80 located at a side of the light emitting element 30 away from the substrate 20, the touch structure 80 further includes a plurality of touch electrodes and a plurality of metal touch bridges 81, the touch electrodes include transparent conductive Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) materials, the metal touch bridges 81 include Ti/Al/Ti metal materials, and the metal touch bridges 81 are used for electrically connecting two adjacent touch electrodes, so as to realize a touch display function of the display panel. When the touch bridge between the touch electrodes is located on the light emitting side of the light emitting element 30, the problem that the touch bridge shields the light emitting area and the problem of visual black area exists, which affects the display effect is solved.
With continued reference to fig. 4-13, the touch structure 80 may further include a touch substrate 82; the refractive structure 50 is located on a side of the touch substrate 82 close to the substrate 20, or the refractive structure 50 is located on a side of the touch substrate 82 away from the substrate 20.
Specifically, the touch structure 80 of the touch display panel further includes a touch substrate 82, such as a glass substrate, and before the touch substrate 82 of the touch structure 80 is fabricated, the refraction structure 50 is fabricated on the side of the light emitting element 30 away from the substrate 20, so that the refraction structure 50 is located on the side of the touch substrate 82 close to the substrate 20, as shown in fig. 6, 7, 9 and 12; alternatively, after the touch substrate 82 of the touch structure 80 is prepared, the refraction structure 50 is prepared on a side of the touch substrate 82 away from the light emitting element 30, as shown in fig. 5, 8, 10, 11, and 13. Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 14, the display panel 200 further includes a thin film encapsulation layer 90 located on a side of the light emitting element 30 away from the substrate 20, the thin film encapsulation layer 90 includes an inorganic layer 91, an organic layer 92 and an inorganic layer 93, and the touch substrate 82 of the touch structure 80 multiplexes the thin film encapsulation layer 90, i.e. the refractive structure 50 is prepared on the side of the thin film encapsulation layer 90 away from the substrate 20. It should be noted that, the specific position of the refraction structure is not limited, so long as the refraction structure 50 is ensured to be located between the light shielding structure 40 and the light emitting element 30, and a part of light emitted by the light emitting element 30 reaches the upper side of the light shielding structure 40 after being totally reflected by the refraction structure 50, so that a display black area above the light shielding structure 40 can be reduced, and a display effect of the touch display panel can be improved.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the application also provides a display device. Fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 17, the display device includes any one of the display panels provided in the foregoing embodiments. Illustratively, as shown in fig. 17, the display device 300 includes a display panel 200. Therefore, the display device also has the advantages of the display panel in the above embodiment, and the same points can be understood by referring to the explanation of the display panel, and the description thereof will not be repeated.
The display device 300 provided in the embodiment of the present application may be a mobile phone as shown in fig. 17, or any electronic product with a display function, including but not limited to the following categories: television, notebook computer, desktop display, tablet computer, digital camera, smart bracelet, smart glasses, vehicle-mounted display, industrial control equipment, medical display screen, touch interactive terminal, etc., which is not particularly limited by the embodiment of the application.
Note that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and the technical principle applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the application. Therefore, while the application has been described in connection with the above embodiments, the application is not limited to the embodiments, but may be embodied in many other equivalent forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the application, which is set forth in the following claims.
Claims (13)
1. A display panel, comprising:
a substrate and a plurality of light emitting elements located on one side of the substrate;
a light shielding structure positioned on one side of the light emitting element away from the substrate; the vertical projection of the light shielding structure on the plane of the substrate is a first projection, the vertical projection of the light emitting element on the plane of the substrate is a second projection, and the first projection and the second projection are at least partially overlapped;
the refraction structure is positioned between the film layer where the light-emitting element is positioned and the film layer where the shading structure is positioned; the refraction structure comprises a first refraction structure and a second refraction structure, and the refractive index of the second refraction structure is larger than that of the first refraction structure;
the vertical projection of the first light refracting structure on the plane of the substrate is a third projection, and the third projection is positioned on at least one side of the first projection along the first direction; the first direction is parallel to the plane where the substrate is located;
the third projection comprises a plurality of sub-projections arranged at intervals, and the plurality of sub-projections are distributed at intervals around the first projection.
2. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the third projection is continuously distributed around the first projection.
3. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the second light refractive structure encapsulates at least a sidewall of the first light refractive structure.
4. The display panel of claim 3, wherein the first light-refracting structure is located on a side of the second light-refracting structure adjacent to the substrate, the second light-refracting structure surrounding the first light-refracting structure.
5. The display panel of claim 3, wherein the second refractive structure comprises a first refractive layer and a second refractive layer disposed in a stack, the second refractive layer being located on a side of the first refractive layer away from the substrate;
the first refraction structure is positioned on one side of the first refraction layer far away from the substrate, and the second refraction layer covers the side wall of the first refraction structure.
6. The display panel of claim 3, wherein the first refractive structure comprises a first refractive prism and a second refractive prism, and vertical projections of the first refractive structure and the second refractive structure on a plane of the substrate are respectively located on different sides of the first projection along the first direction;
the second refraction structure comprises a third refraction layer and a fourth refraction layer which are arranged in a lamination way, and the fourth refraction layer is positioned on one side, away from the substrate, of the third refraction layer;
the first refraction prism is positioned on one side, close to the substrate, of the third refraction layer, and the third refraction layer covers the first refraction prism; the second refraction prism is located at one side of the third refraction layer structure away from the substrate, and the fourth refraction layer covers the side wall of the second refraction prism.
7. The display panel of claim 6, whichIs characterized in that the thickness of the first refraction prism is H along the thickness direction of the display panel 1 The thickness of the second refraction prism is H 2 The sum of the thicknesses of the third refraction layer and the fourth refraction layer is H 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The distance between the first refraction prism and the shading structure is L 1 The distance between the second refraction prism and the shading structure is L 2 ；
Wherein H is less than or equal to 1.5 mu m 1 ≤2.5μm，1.5μm≤H 2 ≤2.5μm，25μm≤H 3 ≤35μm，10μm≤L 1 ≤15μm，1.5μm≤L 2 ≤2.5μm。
8. The display panel of claim 7, wherein the first refractive prism comprises a first sidewall adjacent to a side of the light shielding structure; the second refraction prism comprises a second side wall close to one side of the shading structure;
the maximum included angle between the plane of the first side wall and the plane of the substrate facing the shading structure is theta, wherein theta is more than 90 degrees and less than or equal to 120 degrees;
the maximum included angle between the second side wall and the plane of the substrate facing the light shielding structure is gamma, wherein gamma is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than 90 degrees.
9. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the first refractive structure comprises refractive prisms and the second refractive structure is disposed entirely.
10. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the first projection is located within the second projection.
11. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the display panel comprises a touch display panel, the display panel further comprising a touch structure on a side of the light-emitting element away from the substrate, the touch structure comprising a metal touch bridge, the light-shielding structure comprising the metal touch bridge.
12. The display panel of claim 11, wherein the touch structure further comprises a touch substrate;
the refraction structure is positioned on one side of the touch substrate close to the substrate, or the refraction structure is positioned on one side of the touch substrate far away from the substrate.
13. A display device comprising the display panel of any one of claims 1-12.
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