CN114358492B - Hydropower station reservoir dispatching determination method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for determining reservoir scheduling of a hydropower station, which comprises the following steps: establishing constraint conditions according to reservoir operation practice of the hydropower station; fixing an upstream water level according to constraint conditions, and calculating output values corresponding to different delivery flows in a unit time period to obtain a relation curve of the output of the power station and the delivery flows under the water level; continuously changing the upstream water level to obtain a curve cluster taking the upstream water level as a parameter, the output force as an independent variable and the delivery flow as a dependent variable; according to the initial water level and the given output of each period, an initial delivery flow value is obtained through the curve cluster interpolation, the final water level is calculated by considering the actual delivery flow in the iterative calculation, the final delivery flow is obtained after the iterative calculation near the initial delivery flow, the final water level of the period is further calculated, and the progressive line is calculated from period to period until the end of the calculation period. The invention greatly reduces the calculation workload, accelerates the calculation speed, obtains more accurate results and provides technical support for reservoir dispatching.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of reservoir planning and scheduling, and particularly relates to a method for determining reservoir scheduling of a hydropower station.
Background
The water supply schedule of the hydropower station refers to the water supply schedule of the planned period T (total period number, time range is T 0 ～t T ) Under the conditions of knowing the total load process of the hydropower station, predicting the warehousing flow rate process and the like, the reservoir accumulation and drainage state change process and drainage of the hydropower station in each period of time, which can lead the adopted optimization criterion to reach the extreme value, are soughtThe flow facility controls the process.
In the calculation of 'electricity-based water setting', the output flow is generally assumed, the waste water flow is firstly assumed to be 0, at this time, the generated flow is equal to the output flow value, then the upstream water level at the end of a period, the downstream water level at the period and the head loss at the period are calculated, the upstream average water level is used for subtracting the downstream water level and subtracting the head loss to obtain the head of the hydropower station period, the given comprehensive output coefficient of the hydropower station is used for calculating the period output, the output at this time is often unequal to the given output by using an output formula, and then the output flow is increased or decreased again according to the output size until the difference between the output calculated according to the output formula and the given output value meets the preset allowable error. Then the final water level of the period is taken as the initial water level of the next period, and the calculation of the next period is carried out until the end of the calculation period.
In this calculation process, each period needs to undergo trial calculation for several times, if the magnitude of the flow increase or decrease is not in coordination with the number relationship between the allowable output errors, the dead cycle is easily trapped in a certain period, and if the maximum cycle number per period is specified, the accuracy of the obtained result is greatly reduced, and even an erroneous result is obtained. For this reason, a new approach needs to be developed to address the challenges faced in the "to-electricity" scheduling of hydroelectric reservoirs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for determining reservoir scheduling of a hydropower station, which aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art, greatly simplifies the complexity of calculation and improves the accuracy of results.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for determining reservoir scheduling of a hydropower station comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing constraint conditions according to reservoir operation reality of a hydropower station;
fixing an upstream water level, and calculating different output values in a unit time period according to constraint conditionsLibrary flow Q ck,i The corresponding force value, wherein i=1, 2, …, n;
step three, obtaining a relation curve of the output of the fixed upstream water level lower power station and the delivery flow after the step two is completed, changing the upstream water level, and repeating the step two to obtain a curve cluster taking the upstream water level as a parameter, the output as an independent variable and the delivery flow as a dependent variable;
and step four, obtaining an initial ex-warehouse flow value through curve cluster interpolation obtained in the step three according to the initial water level and the given output of each period, obtaining the final ex-warehouse flow meeting the allowable error by considering the actual in-warehouse flow after iterative calculation near the initial ex-warehouse flow, further calculating to obtain the period end water level, and taking the period end water level as the initial water level of the next period to calculate the next period until the calculation period is finished.
Further, the constraint condition in the first step includes:
(one) water balance constraint:
water balance equation:
V(t+1)＝V(t)+[Q rk (t)-Q fd (t)-Q qs (t)]×ΔT(t)；
v (t+1) represents the storage capacity at time t+1, V (T) represents the storage capacity at time T, deltaT (T) represents the time period length, Q rk (t) represents the flow rate of the reservoir in storage at the moment t, Q fd (t) represents the power generation amount at time t of the reservoir, Q qs (t) represents the reject flow rate at time t of the reservoir;
(II) physical characteristic constraint of hydropower station:
a) Reservoir water storage or reservoir water level constraints:
Z sy (t+1) represents the upstream water level at time t+1, V (t+1) represents the reservoir capacity at time t+1,usually dead water level>The water level in the flood season is the normal water level in the non-flood season, V min (t+1) is the storage capacity corresponding to the minimum water level, V max (t+1) is the storage capacity corresponding to the maximum water level;
b) Water level reservoir capacity curve constraint:
Z sy (t+1)＝f ZV [V(t+1)]；
Z sy (t+1) represents the upstream water level at time t+1, V (t+1) represents the storage capacity at time t+1, f ZV Representing the relation of water level reservoir capacity curves;
c) Tail water level let-down curve constraint:
Z xy (t)＝f ZQ [Q ck (t)]；
Z xy (t) represents the downstream water level at time t, Q ck (t) represents the delivery flow at time t, f ZQ Representing the relation of a drainage flow curve under the tail water level;
d) Gate leakage curve constraint:
Q qs (t)≤f QZ [Z xy (t)]；
Q qs (t) represents the reject flow at time t, Z xy (t) represents the downstream water level at time t, f QZ Representing the relation between the water level and the gate drainage capacity curve;
e) A water head output limiting curve limit;
P(t)≤f PH [H 0 (t)]；
p (t) represents total output of hydropower station in t period, kW, H 0 (t) represents the head at time t, f PH And the relation between the water head and the output curve is shown.
Further, the calculation step of the second step is as follows:
(1) discretizing a series of delivery flow points between 0 and maximum delivery flow, i.e. Q ck,j (j＝1,2,…,n)；
(2) Assuming that the warehouse-in flow is 0, the warehouse-out flow Q ck,j Calculating to obtain the final water level Z of the upstream period of the reservoir sy,j (t+1) if the end water level of the time period is higher than the end water level upper limit or lower than the end water level lower limit of the time periodCalculating the outlet flow, calculating the next flow, and calculating the end water level of the period and the initial water level of the period together to obtain the average water level Z of the upstream of the period sy,j ；
(3) For each discrete delivery flow Q ck,j And interpolating by using a tailwater level flow relation curve to obtain the downstream water level of the period, namely:
Z xy,j ＝f ZQ (Q ck,j )；
(4) for each discrete delivery flow Q ck,j Obtaining the head loss of the period by interpolation of a flow head loss relation curve, namely:
H f,j ＝f QΔH (Q ck,j )；
(5) calculating a water purifying head, and subtracting a head loss from an upstream average water level by a downstream water level, namely:
H 0,j ＝Z sy,j -Z xy,j -H f,j ；
(6) calculating the output, namely, calculating the output by an output formula:
N j ＝KQ ck,j H 0,j ；
wherein K is an output coefficient and is determined according to the characteristics of the hydropower station;
(7) determination of expected force N from a head expected force curve yx The method comprises the following steps:
N yx ＝f HN (H 0,j )；
(8) determining the power generation flow; comparing the calculated force of the power station with the expected force, if the calculated force is larger than the expected force, making the calculated force equal to the expected force, and using the force formula to back-push the generated flow with the expected force and the water purification head, namely:
Q fd,j ＝N yx /(KH 0,j )；
the flow value obtained by subtracting the reverse thrust power generation flow from the discrete ex-warehouse flow is the reject flow, namely:
Q qs,j ＝Q ck,j -Q fd,j ；
if the calculated output is not greater than the expected output, the output flow is the power generation flow, namely:
Q fd,j ＝Q ck,j ；
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, firstly, an upstream water level-delivery flow-output curve cluster which can be used for a long time is calculated according to the actual condition of a hydropower station reservoir, then, the initial delivery flow can be rapidly interpolated according to the upstream water level-delivery flow-output curve cluster, the final delivery flow meeting the allowable error can be obtained through a few trial calculations around the initial delivery flow, and then, the optimal power generation flow of the hydropower station is calculated; the invention greatly reduces the calculation workload, accelerates the calculation speed, obtains more accurate results and provides technical support for reservoir dispatching.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining reservoir scheduling in a hydropower station according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of initial water level-ex-warehouse flow-out curve for an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The invention will be further illustrated, but is not limited, by the following examples.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a method for determining reservoir scheduling of a hydropower station, which comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing constraint conditions according to actual operation of a hydropower station reservoir:
(one) water balance constraint:
water balance equation:
V(t+1)＝V(t)+[Q rk (t)-Q fd (t)-Q qs (t)]×ΔT(t)；
v (t+1) represents the storage capacity at time t+1, V (T) represents the storage capacity at time T, deltaT (T) represents the time period length, Q rk (t) represents the flow rate of the reservoir in storage at the moment t, Q fd (t) represents the power generation amount at time t of the reservoir, Q qs (t) represents the reject flow rate at time t of the reservoir;
(II) physical characteristic constraint of hydropower station:
a) Reservoir water storage or reservoir water level constraints:
Z sy (t+1) represents the upstream water level at time t+1, V (t+1) represents the reservoir capacity at time t+1,usually dead water level>The water level in the flood season is the normal water level in the non-flood season, V min (t+1) is the storage capacity corresponding to the minimum water level, V max (t+1) is the storage capacity corresponding to the maximum water level;
b) Water level reservoir capacity curve constraint:
Z sy (t+1)＝f ZV [V(t+1)]；
Z sy (t+1) represents the upstream water level at time t+1, V (t+1) represents the storage capacity at time t+1, f ZV Representing the relation of water level reservoir capacity curves;
c) Tail water level let-down curve constraint:
Z xy (t)＝f ZQ [Q ck (t)]；
Z xy (t) represents the downstream water level at time t, Q ck (t) represents the delivery flow at time t, f ZQ Representing the relation of a drainage flow curve under the tail water level;
d) Gate leakage curve constraint:
Q qs (t)≤f QZ [Z xy (t)]；
Q qs (t) represents the reject flow at time t, Z xy (t) represents the downstream water level at time t, f QZ Representing the relation between the water level and the gate drainage capacity curve;
e) A water head output limiting curve limit;
P(t)≤f PH [H 0 (t)]；
p (t) represents total output of hydropower station in t period, kW, H 0 (t) represents the head at time t, f PH And the relation between the water head and the output curve is shown.
Step two, according to the constraint condition, firstly fixing an upstream water level Z sy (t) calculating different delivery flows (Q ck,1 ～Q ck,n ) The corresponding output value is calculated as follows:
(1) discretizing a series of delivery flow points between 0 and maximum delivery flow, i.e. Q ck,j (j＝1,2,…,n)；
(2) Assuming that the warehouse-in flow is 0, the warehouse-out flow Q ck,j Calculating to obtain the final water level Z of the upstream period of the reservoir sy,j If the end water level of the period is higher than the end water level upper limit of the period or lower than the end water level lower limit of the period, the calculation of the delivery flow is finished, the calculation of the next flow is carried out, and the end water level of the period and the initial water level of the period are calculated together to obtain the average water level Z of the upstream of the period sy,j ；
(3) For each discrete delivery flow Q ck,j And interpolating by using a tailwater level flow relation curve to obtain the downstream water level of the period, namely:
Z xy,j ＝f ZQ (Q ck,j )；
(4) for each discrete delivery flow Q ck,j Obtaining the head loss of the period by interpolation of a flow head loss relation curve, namely:
H f,j ＝f QΔH (Q ck,j )；
(5) calculating a water purifying head, and subtracting a head loss from an upstream average water level by a downstream water level, namely:
H 0,j ＝Z sy,j -Z xy,j -H f,j ；
(6) calculating the output, namely, calculating the output by an output formula:
N j ＝KQ ck,j H 0,j ；
wherein K is an output coefficient and is determined according to the characteristics of the hydropower station;
(7) determination of expected force N from a head expected force curve yx The method comprises the following steps:
N yx ＝f HN (H 0,j )；
(8) determining the power generation flow; comparing the calculated force of the power station with the expected force, if the calculated force is larger than the expected force, making the calculated force equal to the expected force, and using the force formula to back-push the generated flow with the expected force and the water purification head, namely:
Q fd,j ＝N yx /(KH 0,j )；
the flow value obtained by subtracting the reverse thrust power generation flow from the discrete ex-warehouse flow is the reject flow, namely:
Q qs,j ＝Q ck,j -Q fd,j ；
if the calculated output is not greater than the expected output, the output flow is the power generation flow, namely:
Q fd,j ＝Q ck,j ；
step three, after the step two is completed, a relation curve of the output and the delivery flow of the power station under the condition of an upstream water level can be obtained, the upstream water level is changed, and the step two is repeated, so that a curve cluster taking the upstream water level as a parameter, the output as an independent variable and the delivery flow as a dependent variable can be obtained, and the curve cluster is shown in fig. 2:
in reservoir dispatching calculation, only according to initial water levels and given output of each period, an initial delivery flow value can be obtained through quick interpolation of curve clusters obtained in the third step, iterative calculation is carried out by changing the delivery flow value nearby the initial delivery flow value, the calculation step is similar to the second step, specifically, in the second step, the storage flow is assumed to be 0, the actual storage flow is considered at the moment, the water level at the end of the period is calculated by applying a water balance equation, and because the influence of the storage flow of the period on the water level at the end of the period is not obvious for most reservoirs with adjustment capability, the final delivery flow meeting the output allowable error can be obtained only through few trial calculations nearby the initial delivery flow, the water level at the end of the period is obtained and is used as the initial water level of the next period, and calculation of the next period is carried out until the calculation period is finished.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the embodiments and scope of the present invention, and it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that equivalent substitutions and obvious variations may be made using the teachings of the present invention, which are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for determining reservoir scheduling of a hydropower station is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, establishing constraint conditions according to reservoir operation reality of a hydropower station;
fixing an upstream water level, and calculating different delivery flows in a unit time period according to constraint conditionsCorresponding output values, wherein +.>；
Step three, obtaining a relation curve of the output of the fixed upstream water level lower power station and the delivery flow after the step two is completed, changing the upstream water level, and repeating the step two to obtain a curve cluster taking the upstream water level as a parameter, the output as an independent variable and the delivery flow as a dependent variable;
step four, according to the initial water level and the given output of each period, obtaining an initial ex-warehouse flow value through curve cluster interpolation obtained in the step three, obtaining a final ex-warehouse flow meeting an allowable error by considering the actual ex-warehouse flow after iterative calculation near the initial ex-warehouse flow, further calculating to obtain a period end water level, and taking the period end water level as the initial water level of the next period, and calculating the next period until the calculation period is finished;
wherein, the constraint condition in the first step comprises:
(one) water balance constraint:
water balance equation:
；
represents->Time stock capacity, ->Represents->Time stock capacity, ->The representative time period is long and the time period is long,representing reservoir->The water discarding flow at the moment;
(II) physical characteristic constraint of hydropower station:
a) Reservoir water storage or reservoir water level constraints:
；
represents->Upstream water level at moment->Represents->Time stock capacity, ->(t+1) represents a dead water level at time t+1; />(t+1) represents a flood limit water level when the time t+1 is in the flood season, and a normal water storage level when the time t+1 is in the non-flood season; />Is the storage capacity corresponding to the minimum water level +.>The storage capacity corresponding to the maximum water level;
b) Water level reservoir capacity curve constraint:
；
represents->Upstream water level at moment->Represents->Time stock capacity, ->Representing the relation of water level reservoir capacity curves;
c) Tail water level let-down curve constraint:
；
represents->Downstream water level at moment->Represents->Time delivery flow, < > on>Representing the relation of a drainage flow curve under the tail water level;
d) Gate leakage curve constraint:
；
represents->Reject flow at time,/>Represents->Downstream water level at moment->Representing the relation between the water level and the gate drainage capacity curve;
e) A water head output limiting curve constraint;
；
represents the total output of the hydropower station in t period +.>Represents->Water head at moment>Representing the relation between the water head and the output curve;
the calculation steps of the second step are as follows:
(1) discretizing the delivery flow corresponding to a series of delivery flow points between 0 and the maximum delivery flow, namely；
(2) Assuming that the warehouse-in flow is 0, the warehouse-out flow is used forCalculating to obtain the final water level of the upstream period of the reservoir>If the end water level of the time period is higher than the end water level upper limit of the time period or lower than the end water level lower limit of the time period, the calculation of the delivery flow is finished, the calculation of the next flow is carried out, and the end water level of the time period and the time period are calculatedThe initial water levels are calculated together to obtain the average water level upstream of the time period +.>；
(3) For each discrete delivery flow rateInterpolation of tailwater level flow relation curve is utilized to obtain downstream water level of time period +.>The method comprises the following steps:
(4) for each discrete delivery flow rateObtaining the head loss of the time period by interpolation of the flow head loss relation curveThe method comprises the following steps:
；
(5) calculating the water purifying headWhich consists of the upstream mean water level +.>Minus downstream water level>Minus head loss->The method comprises the following steps:
；
(6) calculating the outputThe output is calculated by an output formula, namely:
；
wherein K is an output coefficient and is determined according to the characteristics of the hydropower station;
(7) determining predicted force from a head predicted force curveThe method comprises the following steps:
(8) determining power generation flowThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Comparing the calculated power of the power station with the expected power, if the calculated power is + ->Greater than expected force->Let calculate force +.>Equal to the predicted force->Force is predicted by the force formula>And water purification head->Reverse thrust power flow->The method comprises the following steps:
；
discrete delivery flowSubtracting the power generation flow +.>The flow value obtained is reject flow +.>The method comprises the following steps:
；
if calculate the outputNot more than the expected force->The output flow is the power generation flow ∈>The method comprises the following steps:
。
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