CN114357903B - Fluvial river resistance calculation and simulation method and device based on river bed morphological parameters - Google Patents
Fluvial river resistance calculation and simulation method and device based on river bed morphological parameters Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
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Abstract
According to the river bed morphological characteristics of the natural alluvial river, the influence of fluctuation of the river bed on the resistance is considered, the river bed morphological parameters are determined, and the water flow parameters are determined by combining water level and flow data, so that the alluvial river resistance is calculated efficiently and accurately. The resistance calculation method comprises the following steps: step 1, determining the morphological parameters of the river bed: calculating a river bed morphological parameter k s＝ksp+kss+ksg by collecting and finishing and researching the section topography of a river channel in the past year and the grading data of bed sand, and combining the water flow condition, wherein k sp is the primary sand equivalent roughness height, k ss is the secondary sand equivalent roughness height, and k sg is the sand equivalent roughness height; and 2, calculating and researching the resistance of different sections of the river reach by adopting a resistance formula based on the k s determined in the step 1.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of river resistance calculation, and particularly relates to a alluvial river resistance calculation and simulation method and device based on a river bed morphological parameter.
Background
The river drainage capacity and the change of flood level are closely related to the change of river resistance, and the research of resistance is one of the problems in the river research field. Since Kennedy proposed an empirical relationship between the average flow rate and the water depth of a stable channel in 1895, it has been a history of over one hundred years, but due to the complexity of the problem, the relationship between the moving bed sand wave formation mechanism, the turbulence of water flow and the sand wave motion, the discrimination of the bed surface morphology, the calculation of the resistance of each unit and the like have not yet been completely solved.
At present, through theoretical generalization or indoor experiments, scholars at home and abroad develop a great deal of researches around the fixed-river-bed resistance, and propose a plurality of resistance calculation formulas, which mainly comprise two types, namely, generalization according to a sand wave motion physical map and determination of moving-bed resistance according to a sand wave geometric scale; secondly, the moving bed resistance is determined directly through the sediment parameters of the water flow. When the formula is introduced into resistance calculation of the alluvial river, a large error exists, the equivalent roughness of the bed surface of the natural river cannot be accurately reflected, and even the formula is difficult to directly apply and cannot be used for accurately simulating river bed siltation and flood change. One of the important reasons is that the natural alluvial river is influenced by geological conditions, the river channel topography has larger fluctuation, the scale of the primary sand wave is far larger than that of the sand wave in a laboratory, and the influence of the primary sand wave on the resistance is not considered in the existing resistance calculation method. Therefore, a suitable resistance calculation method is required to be proposed for the actual situation of the natural alluvial river.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, and aims to provide a alluvial river resistance calculation and simulation method and device based on a river bed morphological parameter, which are used for determining the river bed morphological parameter by considering the influence of fluctuation of a river bed on resistance based on the river bed morphological characteristics of a natural alluvial river and determining a water flow parameter by combining water level and flow data, so that the alluvial river resistance can be calculated efficiently and accurately.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following scheme:
< resistance calculation method >
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for calculating alluvial river resistance based on a river bed morphological parameter, comprising the steps of:
step 1, determining the morphological parameters of the river bed:
By collecting and finishing the section topography of the river channel and grading data of the bed sand of the river reach in the past year, the morphological parameters k s of the river bed are calculated by considering the larger influence of the fluctuation of the bed surface in the natural alluvial river on the water flow resistance and combining the water flow conditions (the water level and flow data monitored by the hydrologic station):
ks＝ksp+kss+ksg
Wherein k sp is the primary sand equivalent roughness height, k ss is the secondary sand equivalent roughness height, and k sg is the sand equivalent roughness height; the primary sand equivalent roughness height k sp is calculated using the following formula:
Wherein J is the primary sand wave number, m is the serial number of arranging sand waves from large to small according to wave height, m=1 represents the largest sand wave, and H m is the wave height of the m-th sand wave;
Step 2, calculating alluvial river resistance:
Based on k s determined in the step 1, calculating and researching the resistance of different sections of the river reach by adopting the following resistance formula:
Wherein h is the average water depth of the section; gamma is the coefficient of the coefficient, K is a karman constant, typically 0.4.
Preferably, the alluvial river resistance calculation method based on the river bed morphological parameters provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in step 1, the secondary sand equivalent roughness height k ss is calculated as follows:
wave height Δ of the secondary sand wave:
wavelength λ of the secondary sand wave:
λ＝7.3h
Sediment transport parameter T:
sand shear flow rate u *g is calculated by the schiff factor:
Wherein D 90 is the particle size corresponding to the particle size which is larger than 90% of the particles, and the general river width of the alluvial river is much larger than the water depth, so that the hydraulic radius R can be approximately equal to the water depth h;
The critical shear flow velocity u *,c can be calculated from the dimensionless critical shear stress θ c and the dimensionless particle size D *:
Wherein ρ s and ρ w represent the densities of sediment and water flow, respectively;
the equivalent roughness height k ss of the secondary sand wave is:
kss＝1.1Δ(1-e-25Δ/λ)。
preferably, the alluvial river resistance calculation method based on the river bed morphological parameters provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in step 1, the sand equivalent roughness height k Sg is calculated as follows:
ksg＝3D50
Wherein D 50 is the median diameter of the bed sand.
Preferably, the method for calculating the alluvial river resistance based on the morphological parameters of the river bed provided by the invention comprises the following substeps:
step 2-1, calculating the water depth h of each section under different flow levels: according to the water levels of different flow levels of the research river reach, calculating the water depth h of the research river reach under different section and each level of flow;
step 2-2, calculating the section resistance n: according to the form parameter k s of the river bed of the research river reach and the water depth h under different flow rates of each section, the resistance formula is adopted And calculating to obtain the resistance of each section.
< Simulation method >
Further, the invention also provides a river bed dredging or flood change simulation method based on the river bed morphological parameters, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step I, calculating the alluvial river resistance of each section of the research river reach according to the alluvial river resistance calculation method described in the above < resistance calculation method >; and II, simulating river bed siltation or flood change conditions according to the alluvial river resistance of each section.
< Computing device >
Still further, the present invention provides an apparatus for calculating alluvial river resistance based on a river bed morphological parameter, comprising:
A river bed morphological parameter determining part for calculating a river bed morphological parameter k s according to the annual river section topography of the research river reach and the bed sand grading data and combining the water flow conditions:
ks＝ksp+kss+ksg
Wherein k sp is the primary sand equivalent roughness height, k ss is the secondary sand equivalent roughness height, and k sg is the sand equivalent roughness height; the primary sand equivalent roughness height k sp is calculated using the following formula:
Wherein J is the primary sand wave number, m is the serial number of arranging sand waves from large to small according to wave height, m=1 represents the largest sand wave, and H m is the wave height of the m-th sand wave;
The resistance calculation part calculates and researches the resistance of different sections of the river reach by adopting the following resistance formula:
Wherein h is the average water depth of the section; gamma is the coefficient of the coefficient, K is a karman constant;
an input display part for allowing a user to input an operation instruction and performing corresponding display; and
And the control part is communicated with the riverbed morphological parameter determining part, the resistance calculating part and the input display part and controls the operation of the riverbed morphological parameter determining part, the resistance calculating part and the input display part.
Preferably, the alluvial river resistance calculating device based on the river bed morphological parameters provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the input display unit can display the calculation results of the river bed morphological parameter determination unit and the resistance calculation unit in a list form according to the control command, and can display the resistance values of different sections of the research river reach calculated by the resistance calculation unit on a two-dimensional or three-dimensional simulation model of the river reach.
< Simulation apparatus >
In addition, the invention also provides a river bed dredging or flood change simulation device based on the river bed morphological parameters, which is characterized by comprising the following components:
A river bed morphological parameter determining part for calculating a river bed morphological parameter k s according to the annual river section topography of the research river reach and the bed sand grading data and combining the water flow conditions:
ks＝ksp+kss+ksg
Wherein k sp is the primary sand equivalent roughness height, k ss is the secondary sand equivalent roughness height, and k sg is the sand equivalent roughness height; the primary sand equivalent roughness height k sp is calculated using the following formula:
Wherein J is the primary sand wave number, m is the serial number of arranging sand waves from large to small according to wave height, m=1 represents the largest sand wave, and H m is the wave height of the m-th sand wave;
The resistance calculation part calculates and researches the resistance of different sections of the river reach by adopting the following resistance formula:
Wherein h is the average water depth of the section; gamma is the coefficient of the coefficient, K is a karman constant;
a simulation part for simulating the river bed dredging or/and flood change process according to the resistance values of different sections of the research river reach obtained by the resistance calculation part;
an input display part for allowing a user to input an operation instruction and performing corresponding display; and
And the control part is communicated with the riverbed morphological parameter determining part, the resistance calculating part, the simulating part and the input display part and controls the operation of the riverbed morphological parameter determining part, the resistance calculating part, the simulating part and the input display part.
Preferably, the river bed dredging or flood change simulation device based on the river bed morphological parameters provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the input display part can display the calculation results of the river bed morphological parameter determination part and the resistance calculation part in a list form according to the control instruction, can display the resistance values of different sections of the studied river reach calculated by the resistance calculation part on a two-dimensional or three-dimensional simulation model of the river reach, and can dynamically display the river bed erosion and siltation or/and flood change process simulated by the simulation part on the two-dimensional or three-dimensional simulation model.
Effects and effects of the invention
The fluvial river resistance calculation and simulation method and device based on the fluvial river form parameters provided by the invention adopt the characteristic wave height to reflect the equivalent roughness of the primary sand wave, establish a new calculation formula of fluvial river bed surface roughness to quantify the river form parameters, and consist of three parts, namely, the equivalent roughness of the primary sand wave reflecting the large-scale fluctuation of the bed surface, the equivalent roughness of the secondary sand wave reflecting the change of the water flow condition and the equivalent roughness of sand grains of the friction resistance of the particle surface; on the basis, a river bed resistance calculation formula applicable to alluvial rivers is provided based on boundary layer theory; the method is based on the river bed morphological characteristics of the natural alluvial river, considers the influence of the fluctuation of the river bed on the resistance, and is more in line with the actual situation; the method does not need fine planar two-dimensional topographic data, and only needs to determine the form parameters of the river bed through one-dimensional section data and determine the water flow parameters by combining water level and flow data, so that the alluvial river resistance can be conveniently calculated, and the river bed siltation and flood change process can be simulated, so that the method has good practical application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a alluvial river resistance calculation method based on a riverbed morphological parameter according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a calculation process of a primary sand wave equivalent roughness height k sp according to an embodiment of the present invention, where (1) is a river cross-section topographic map, (2) is a leveled topographic map, and (3) is a characteristic wave height corresponding to statistics of (2);
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of the calculation of the natural river resistance using PP (a) and VAN (b) in the comparative example and HY (c) in the example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of a alluvial river resistance calculation and simulation method and apparatus based on a river bed morphological parameter according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
< Example >
As shown in fig. 1, the alluvial river resistance calculation method based on the river bed morphological parameters provided in the embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
step 1, determining the form parameters of a river bed:
and collecting, finishing and researching the cross-section topography of the river in the past year, hydrologic data and bed sand grading, and calculating a river bed morphological parameter k s.
First, the equivalent roughness k sp of the primary sand wave is calculated, the schematic statistical characteristic wave height is calculated according to the sand wave equivalent roughness height k sp given in fig. 2, and the calculation is performed as follows.
Where J is the primary sand wave number, m is the number of sand waves arranged from large to small in terms of wave height, where m=1 represents the largest sand wave and H m is the wave height of the mth sand wave.
Secondly, according to different flow rates of the research river reach, calculating the flow velocity u and the water depth h of each section under each flow level according to a one-dimensional water flow mathematical model, and counting the particle size D 90 corresponding to the sand weight percentage of 90% and the particle size D 50 corresponding to the sand weight percentage of 50% in the sand grading of the bed. And calculating:
Sand shear flow rate u *g:
critical shear flow rate u *,c:
Sediment transport parameter T:
wave height Δ of the secondary sand wave:
wavelength λ of the secondary sand wave:
λ＝7.3h
Equivalent roughness height k ss of secondary sand wave:
kss＝1.1Δ(1-e-25Δ/λ)
sand equivalent roughness height k sg:
ksg＝3D50
Finally, the river bed morphological parameter k s.ks＝ksp+kss+ksg is calculated.
Step 2, calculating alluvial river resistance:
according to the form parameters k s of the river bed of the research river reach and the water depth h of each section under different flow rates, the resistance of each section is calculated through a resistance formula:
the above steps are applied to calculation of the resistance of 450 sections of a river in a alluvial plain, and the comparison of the calculated section resistances with the river roughness calculated by the inverse of the natural actual measurement data is shown in fig. 3 (c).
Furthermore, river bed siltation or flood change conditions can be simulated according to the alluvial river resistance of each section.
In addition, the embodiment also provides a river bed siltation or flood change simulation device capable of automatically realizing the resistance calculation and simulating the river bed siltation or flood change condition, and the device comprises a river bed morphological parameter determination part, a resistance calculation part, a simulation part, an input display part and a control part.
The river bed form parameter determining unit determines the river bed form parameter according to the above step 1.
The resistance calculating part calculates and researches the resistance of different sections of the river reach according to the step 2.
The simulation part simulates the river bed dredging or/and flood change process according to the resistance values of different sections of the research river reach obtained by the resistance calculation part.
The input display part is used for enabling a user to input an operation instruction and correspondingly display the operation instruction. For example, the input display unit may display the calculation results of the river bed morphological parameter determination unit and the resistance calculation unit in a list form according to a control command, may display the resistance values of different sections of the studied river reach calculated by the resistance calculation unit on a two-dimensional or three-dimensional simulation model of the river reach, and may dynamically display the river bed dredging or/and flood change process simulated by the simulation unit on the two-dimensional or three-dimensional simulation model.
The control part is communicated with the river bed morphological parameter determining part, the resistance calculating part, the simulating part and the input display part to control the operation of the river bed morphological parameter determining part, the resistance calculating part, the simulating part and the input display part.
Comparative example
In this comparative example, the same actual measurement data as in example (HY) was used to calculate the resistance by the classical methods in the existing resistance calculation, the Peterson method and the Van Rijn method. And substituting the section water flow parameters into a Peterson formula, and substituting the river bed roughness index and the water depth into a Van Rijn formula.
As shown in table 1 and fig. 3, the resistance calculation results of the two prior art methods (Peterson and Van Rijn) in the comparative example (HY) and the comparative example show that the accuracy of the resistance calculation method adopted in the examples is higher, and the application effect in the natural river is more remarkable.
Table 1 shows the evaluation results of examples and comparative examples
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention. The calculation and simulation methods and apparatuses of the alluvial river resistance based on the river bed morphological parameters according to the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Any modifications, additions or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on this embodiment are within the scope of the invention as claimed in the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The alluvial river resistance calculation method based on the river bed morphological parameters is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, determining the morphological parameters of the river bed:
The river bed morphological parameter k s is calculated by collecting and finishing the section topography of the river channel and the grading data of the bed sand in the past year of the river reach and combining the water flow condition:
ks＝ksp+kss+ksg
Wherein k sp is the primary sand equivalent roughness height, k ss is the secondary sand equivalent roughness height, and k sg is the sand equivalent roughness height; the primary sand equivalent roughness height k sp is calculated using the following formula:
Wherein J is the primary sand wave number, m is the serial number of arranging sand waves from large to small according to wave height, m=1 represents the largest sand wave, and H m is the wave height of the m-th sand wave;
Step 2, calculating alluvial river resistance:
Based on k s determined in the step 1, calculating and researching the resistance of different sections of the river reach by adopting the following resistance formula:
Wherein h is the average water depth of the section; gamma is the coefficient of the coefficient, K is the karman constant.
2. The alluvial river resistance calculation method based on the riverbed morphological parameters according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein, in step 1, the secondary sand equivalent roughness height k ss is calculated as follows:
wave height Δ of the secondary sand wave:
wavelength λ of the secondary sand wave:
λ＝7.3h
Sediment transport parameter T:
sand shear flow rate u *g is calculated by the schiff factor:
wherein D 90 is the particle size corresponding to the particle size which is larger than 90% of the particles, and the hydraulic radius R can be approximately equal to the water depth h;
The critical shear flow velocity u *,c can be calculated from the dimensionless critical shear stress θ c and the dimensionless particle size D *:
Wherein ρ s and ρ w represent the densities of sediment and water flow, respectively;
the equivalent roughness height k ss of the secondary sand wave is:
kss＝1.1Δ(1-e-25Δ/λ)。
3. The alluvial river resistance calculation method based on the riverbed morphological parameters according to claim 1, wherein:
Wherein, in step 1, the sand equivalent roughness height k sg is calculated as follows:
ksg＝3D50
Wherein D 50 is the median diameter of the bed sand.
4. The alluvial river resistance calculation method based on the riverbed morphological parameters according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein, step 2 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 2-1, calculating the water depth h of each section under different flow levels: according to the water levels of different flow levels of the research river reach, calculating the water depth h of the research river reach under different section and each level of flow;
step 2-2, calculating the section resistance n: according to the form parameter k s of the river bed of the research river reach and the water depth h under different flow rates of each section, the resistance formula is adopted And calculating to obtain the resistance of each section.
5. The river bed erosion and deposition or flood change simulation method based on the river bed morphological parameters is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Calculating the alluvial river resistance of each section of a research river reach according to the alluvial river resistance calculation method based on the riverbed morphological parameters of any one of claims 1 to 4;
And II, simulating river bed siltation or flood change conditions according to the alluvial river resistance of each section.
6. River resistance calculation device is deposited to alluvial based on riverbed morphological parameter, characterized by including:
A river bed morphological parameter determining part for calculating a river bed morphological parameter k s according to the annual river section topography of the research river reach and the bed sand grading data and combining the water flow conditions:
ks＝ksp+kss+ksg
Wherein k sp is the primary sand equivalent roughness height, k ss is the secondary sand equivalent roughness height, and k sg is the sand equivalent roughness height; the primary sand equivalent roughness height k sp is calculated using the following formula:
Wherein J is the primary sand wave number, m is the serial number of arranging sand waves from large to small according to wave height, m=1 represents the largest sand wave, and H m is the wave height of the m-th sand wave;
The resistance calculation part calculates and researches the resistance of different sections of the river reach by adopting the following resistance formula:
Wherein h is the average water depth of the section; gamma is the coefficient of the coefficient, K is a karman constant;
an input display part for allowing a user to input an operation instruction and performing corresponding display; and
And a control part which is communicated with the river bed morphological parameter determining part, the resistance calculating part and the input display part and controls the operation of the river bed morphological parameter determining part, the resistance calculating part and the input display part.
7. The alluvial river resistance calculation device based on the riverbed morphological parameters according to claim 6, wherein:
The input display part can display calculation results of the river bed morphological parameter determination part and the resistance calculation part in a list form according to a control instruction, and can display resistance values of different sections of the research river reach calculated by the resistance calculation part on a two-dimensional or three-dimensional simulation model of the river reach.
8. River bed dredging or flood change simulation device based on river bed morphological parameters, which is characterized by comprising:
A river bed morphological parameter determining part for calculating a river bed morphological parameter k s according to the annual river section topography of the research river reach and the bed sand grading data and combining the water flow conditions:
ks＝ksp+kss+ksg
Wherein k sp is the primary sand equivalent roughness height, k ss is the secondary sand equivalent roughness height, and k sg is the sand equivalent roughness height; the primary sand equivalent roughness height k sp is calculated using the following formula:
Wherein J is the primary sand wave number, m is the serial number of arranging sand waves from large to small according to wave height, m=1 represents the largest sand wave, and H m is the wave height of the m-th sand wave;
The resistance calculation part calculates and researches the resistance of different sections of the river reach by adopting the following resistance formula:
Wherein h is the average water depth of the section; gamma is the coefficient of the coefficient, K is a karman constant;
a simulation part for simulating the river bed dredging or/and flood change process according to the resistance values of different sections of the research river reach obtained by the resistance calculation part;
an input display part for allowing a user to input an operation instruction and performing corresponding display; and
And a control unit which is communicatively connected to the river bed form parameter determination unit, the resistance calculation unit, the simulation unit, and the input display unit, and controls the operations thereof.
9. The riverbed dredging or flood variation simulation device based on riverbed morphological parameters according to claim 8, wherein:
The input display part can display calculation results of the river bed morphological parameter determination part and the resistance calculation part in a list form according to a control instruction, can display resistance values of different sections of a research river reach calculated by the resistance calculation part on a two-dimensional or three-dimensional simulation model of the river reach, and can dynamically display a river bed erosion and siltation or/and flood change process simulated by the simulation part on the two-dimensional or three-dimensional simulation model.
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| CN202111511821.8A CN114357903B (en) | 2021-12-07 | Fluvial river resistance calculation and simulation method and device based on river bed morphological parameters |
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| CN202111511821.8A CN114357903B (en) | 2021-12-07 | Fluvial river resistance calculation and simulation method and device based on river bed morphological parameters |
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| CN114357903A CN114357903A (en) | 2022-04-15 |
| CN114357903B true CN114357903B (en) | 2024-06-21 |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| Quantifying Hydraulic Roughness From Field Data: Can Dune Morphology Tell the Whole Story?;S. I. de Lange et al.;《Water Resources Research》;20211203;第1-22页 * |
| 河床阻力研究综述;钟亮;许光祥;;重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版);20111015(第05期);第1004-01008+1021页 * |
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