CN114356817A - Distribution level management intelligence letter accuse equipment - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
- Y04S40/128—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment involving the use of Internet protocol
Abstract
The invention discloses a distribution level management intelligent signal control device, which comprises: the IO module is arranged in the upper left corner area of the host case; the RS485 communication module is arranged in the middle upper area of the host case, and the RS485 communication module is arranged on the right side of the IO module; the mainboard is arranged in the right area of the host case and is positioned on the right side of the RS485 communication module; the power supply module is arranged in the middle area of the left lower part of the host case; the IO module and the RS485 communication module are positioned on the front side of the host case; the power supply module is positioned at the rear side of the host case; the first fan is arranged in a lower area on the left side of the host case, and the second fan is arranged in an upper area on the right side of the host case. The intelligent power distribution level management signal control equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention is an edge processing host which integrates core capabilities of data acquisition, network transmission, analysis and calculation, screening and storage, cloud-edge cooperation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric energy management, in particular to a power distribution level management intelligent communication control device.
Background
Ems (energy Management system) system, i.e., an electric energy Management system. The EMS is a set of electric energy management system which is secondarily developed according to the standard specification of the power distribution system according to the requirements of users, has the characteristics of strong specialization, high automation degree, easy use, high performance, high reliability and the like, and is suitable for a low-voltage power distribution system.
Along with the development trend of digital, intelligent and terminal one/two-time integrated power distribution (network) equipment, the data acquisition, extraction, transmission and application of a station end system and a cloud end system are rapidly popularized, and the digital system puts higher technical performance requirements on sensors, intelligent devices, mechanical mechanisms, secondary systems and primary structures of the first-time and second-time integrated power distribution (network) equipment.
Therefore, how to improve the hardware performance of the power management system becomes a problem to be solved urgently today.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention provides a distribution level management intelligent signal control device, which is used to solve the problems that in the prior art, the hardware performance of an electric energy management system is insufficient and the future electric energy management development requirements cannot be met.
The embodiment of the invention provides a distribution level management intelligent communication control device, which comprises:
the IO module is arranged in the upper left corner area of the host case;
the RS485 communication module is arranged in the middle upper area of the host case, and the RS485 communication module is arranged on the right side of the IO module;
the mainboard is arranged in the right area of the host case and is positioned on the right side of the RS485 communication module;
the power supply module is arranged in the middle area of the left lower part of the host case;
the IO module and the RS485 communication module are positioned on the front side of the host case; the power supply module is positioned at the rear side of the host case; the first fan is arranged in a lower area on the left side of the host case, and the second fan is arranged in an upper area on the right side of the host case.
Optionally, the motherboard includes a network communication module, a USB module, an SD memory card module, an HDMI interface, and a core board.
Optionally, the IO module is an expansion board, and the IO module is used for collecting dry contact switching value input, analog value input, and dry contact switching value output; the input/output interface of the IO module adopts 2 3.81 double-row bent plug wiring terminals with 2 x 10; the double-row bent-plug wiring terminal is provided with 2 paths of main contact switching value output, 12 paths of main contact switching value input and 6 paths of analog quantity input; the interface of analog input adopts a two-wire PT 100; or the like, or, alternatively,
the output of the dry contact switching value and the input of the dry contact switching value are realized by a first circuit board, and the input of the analog quantity is realized by a second circuit board; the first circuit board is provided with 5 dry contact switching value output interfaces and 15 dry contact switching value input interfaces; the second circuit board is provided with 20 analog input interfaces; the first circuit board and the second circuit board are in communication connection with the core board in a serial port transmission mode.
Optionally, the dry contact switching value output interface on the first circuit board is used for outputting the switching value; the dry contact switching value input interface on the first circuit board is used for realizing the acquisition of switching values and/or input pulses; and the analog quantity input interface on the second circuit board is used for realizing the acquisition of analog quantity input.
Optionally, the RS485 communication module is composed of at least two RS485 expansion boards; the RS485 communication module is used for acquiring data of the intelligent meter, the microcomputer protection, the arc light protection, the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor; four serial ports are provided on each RS485 expansion board, and the four serial ports are realized in a mode of converting USB into four-way serial ports; and the RS485 expansion board is connected with the main board through a USB interface for communication.
Optionally, a USB2.0 interface of the core board is expanded into 7 first USB interfaces through 1 expansion 7 USB HUB chip, so that the connection between the motherboard and the plurality of RS485 expansion boards is realized.
Optionally, the network communication module includes an ethernet unit and a 4G/5G network unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the USB3.0 interface of the core board is expanded into 4 second USB interfaces through the expansion chip, any one of the expanded second USB interfaces is used as a USB interface, the other three second USB interfaces are used as network ports through the USB-to-Ethernet chip, and the other three second USB interfaces and the Ethernet port carried by the core board form 4 Ethernet interfaces; the 4 Ethernet interfaces are presented by 1 × 4 Ethernet ports; the Ethernet port can provide POE power supply;
the 4G/5G network unit is connected with the core board through a serial port in a development board mode; the 4G/5G network unit is connected with the mainboard through the pin header.
Optionally, the network communication module further comprises a ZigBee unit and/or a LORA communication unit; the ZigBee unit and/or the LORA communication unit are in communication connection with the core board in a serial port transmission mode in an expansion board mode and are used for supporting connection between the ZigBee and/or the LORA mode and the intelligent meter.
Optionally, the SD memory card module is connected to the core board through an SD card interface; the SD card interface is led out from the interface of the core board; the SD card interface is used for realizing the upgrading of the application and the exporting of the data; the SD card interface is also connected with the first ESD device so as to protect the circuit;
the HDMI interface is led out from the core board; the HDMI interface is also connected to a second ESD device to protect the circuit.
Optionally, the power supply module adopts a switching power supply module converting 220AC to 5V/12V; the power supply module converts commercial power into direct current for the main board and the plurality of expansion boards to use; the power module also includes a short circuit protection circuit, an overload protection circuit, and an overvoltage protection circuit.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the intelligent power distribution level management communication control equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention is an edge processing host which integrates core capabilities of data acquisition, network transmission, analysis and calculation, screening and storage, cloud-edge cooperation and the like, and can realize data acquisition, analysis, storage and uploading of high-voltage and low-voltage power distribution room terminal equipment. The embedded intelligent monitoring system has rich interfaces, can monitor and control information such as the state and the environment of field equipment, analyzes the monitored data, and can locally check and manage the collected data through a built-in webpage and embedded management software. Meanwhile, the information can be uploaded to a cloud management platform through a network, the field condition is reflected in real time, remote operation and maintenance and intelligent linkage control are realized, and the safe, stable and healthy operation of field equipment is ensured.
Drawings
The features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way, and in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a host chassis of a distribution stage management intelligent communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a host computer of a distribution level management intelligent communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows an interface allocation schematic diagram of an IO module in a power distribution stage management intelligent communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a distribution level management intelligent communication control device, which comprises: IO module, RS485 communication module, mainboard and power module, wherein: the IO module is arranged in the upper left corner area of the host case; the RS485 communication module is arranged in the middle-upper area of the host case, and the RS485 communication module is arranged on the right side of the IO module; the mainboard is arranged in the right area of the host case and is positioned on the right side of the RS485 communication module; the power supply module is arranged in the middle area of the left lower part of the host case; the IO module and the RS485 communication module are positioned on the front side of the host case; the power supply module is positioned at the rear side of the host case; the first fan is arranged in a lower area on the left side of the host case, and the second fan is arranged in an upper area on the right side of the host case.
Analyzing the development demand of electric energy management: the intelligent meter comprises a main circuit switch, a cabinet, a main circuit switch, a bus chamber, a power distribution device, an arc light protection device, a microcomputer comprehensive protection device, a microcomputer integrated protection device, a main circuit switch lap joint temperature rise device, a bus chamber temperature rise device, a humidity acquisition device, a cabinet on-off control device, acquisition data uploading, analysis and linkage control of the acquisition data, local display of the collection data, operation of embedded software, and local storage and export of the acquisition data.
Aiming at the above functional requirements, the hardware design mainly comprises an IO module, an RS485 communication module, a network communication module (an Ethernet module, a 4G module, Zigbee and LORA as optional modules), a USB module, an SD memory card module, an HDMI interface and a power supply module. In consideration of the actual installation environment on site, the interfaces are firstly arranged on the front side of the host computer to facilitate later use, secondly, the interfaces which cannot be arranged on the front side are arranged on the two sides of the host computer, and finally, the interfaces are arranged on the rear side of the host computer, and the arrangement is roughly as shown in fig. 1.
In the aspect of software, the distribution level management intelligent signal control equipment applies a high-precision sensing technology, an AI technology, a digital protection technology, an IOT communication technology and a Big Date processing technology, so that each electrical node has the functions of situation perception, system self-checking, intelligent early warning, fault protection and data analysis, meanwhile, the intelligent distribution equipment also has the functions of traditional circuit breakers, transformers, protectors, power instruments, electrical fire sensors, environment monitoring equipment, data transmission and the like, and the intelligent distribution equipment is simplified in complexity and highly integrated in a second level.
In terms of spatial layout, the existing power distribution equipment host cannot meet the required performance of the power distribution system, and therefore, in this embodiment, a "national network core" basic core board design, an embedded LINUX OS system, a plurality of AI/DI/DO ports, a plurality of serial ports, a plurality of network ports, a LoRa, and a 4G … are adopted to support communication protocols such as IEC101, 103, 104, Modbus-Tcp, and the like. The system can bear edge computing services such as distributed power transmission and distribution equipment data real-time acquisition and monitoring, loop and equipment state mastering, parameter abnormity diagnosis, fault recording analysis, system self-checking and self-diagnosis and environment control data real-time study and judgment, and is internally provided with an IO module, an RS485 communication module, a network communication module (an Ethernet module and a 4G module, and Zigbee and LORA are used as selection modules), a USB module, an SD memory card module, an HDMI interface and a power supply module. The intelligent power distribution level management signal control equipment is an edge processing host which integrates core capabilities such as data acquisition, network transmission, analysis and calculation, screening and storage, cloud edge cooperation and the like, and can realize data acquisition, analysis, storage and uploading of high-voltage and low-voltage power distribution room terminal equipment. The embedded intelligent monitoring system has rich interfaces, can monitor and control information such as the state and the environment of field equipment, analyzes the monitored data, and can locally check and manage the collected data through a built-in webpage and embedded management software. Meanwhile, the information can be uploaded to a cloud management platform through a network, the field condition is reflected in real time, remote operation and maintenance and intelligent linkage control are realized, and the safe, stable and healthy operation of field equipment is ensured.
As an optional implementation, the motherboard includes a network communication module, a USB module, an SD memory card module, an HDMI module, and a core board.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, there are three USB interfaces in total of the core board, 1 USB3.0 host port, 1 USB2.0 otg port, and 1 USB2.0 host port; the USB3.0 interface is externally connected with an expansion chip and then expanded into 4, wherein 1 is used for the USB interface and 3 are used for expanding the Ethernet port; the USB2.0 OTG interface is used as an OTG interface; the USB2.0 interface is externally connected with an expansion chip and then expanded into 7 USB ports, wherein 4 USB ports are used for communicating with an RS485 expansion board, one USB port is used for a USB module, the other USB port is used for a 4G module, and the rest USB ports are reserved. The common USB interface is used for connecting external devices such as a touch screen and a USB flash disk, and the OTG interface is used for upgrading a system.
As an optional implementation, the IO module is an expansion board, and the IO module is used for collecting the dry contact switching value input, the analog input, and the dry contact switching value output; the input/output interface of the IO module adopts 2 3.81 double-row bent plug wiring terminals with 2 x 10; the double-row bent-plug wiring terminal is provided with 2 paths of main contact switching value output, 12 paths of main contact switching value input and 6 paths of analog quantity input; the interface of analog input adopts a two-wire PT 100; or, the output of the dry contact switching value and the input of the dry contact switching value are realized by a first circuit board, and the input of the analog quantity is realized by a second circuit board; the first circuit board is provided with 5 dry contact switching value output interfaces and 15 dry contact switching value input interfaces; the second circuit board is provided with 20 analog input interfaces; the first circuit board and the second circuit board are in communication connection with the core board in a serial port transmission mode.
As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, two 3.81 dual rows of bent-plug terminals of 2 × 10 are used as interfaces, the input of the dry contact switching value input DI interface needs to realize the acquisition of the switching value and the acquisition of the pulse value, a control terminal is needed to switch the circuits of the two acquisition modes when designing the circuit, 2 paths of the dual rows of bent-plug terminals on the left side of fig. 3 are used as a dry contact switching value output DO interface, 8 paths of the dual rows of bent-plug terminals on the left side of fig. 3 and 4 paths of the dual rows of bent-plug terminals on the right side are used as a dry contact switching value input DI interface, and 6 paths of the dual rows of bent-plug terminals on the right side are used as an analog input AI interface. The function of the PT100 adopting the two-wire system for the interface of the analog input is to save the interface.
As an optional implementation, the dry contact switching value output interface on the first circuit board is used for realizing the output of the switching value; the dry contact switching value input interface on the first circuit board is used for realizing the acquisition of switching values and/or input pulses; and the analog quantity input interface on the second circuit board is used for realizing the acquisition of analog quantity input.
In this embodiment, another design scheme of the IO module is proposed: the DO/DI is realized by one circuit board, the AI is realized by one circuit board, the number of the DO/DI circuit board interfaces is allocated to 5 DO and 15 DI, and the number of the AI circuit board interfaces is 20 AI interfaces. The DI interface is used for collecting switching value and input pulse, the DO is used for outputting the switching value, and the AI is used for collecting the input of analog quantity. And the DO/DI expansion board and the AI expansion board are communicated with the core board through serial ports.
As an optional implementation mode, the RS485 communication module is composed of at least two RS485 expansion boards; the RS485 communication module is used for acquiring data of the intelligent meter, the microcomputer protection, the arc light protection, the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor; four serial ports are provided on each RS485 expansion board, and the four serial ports are realized in a mode of converting USB into four-way serial ports; and the RS485 expansion board is connected with the main board through a USB interface for communication.
In this embodiment, every expansion board can provide four serial ports to the mode of USB commentaries on classics four serial ports realizes, can provide 16 RS485 serial ports through 4 expansion boards, promptly, can realize connecting 16 different external devices, collects 16 external device's data collection. Each RS485 extension board communicates with the main board through a USB interface, and because the core board only has a USB2.0 interface, in the specific embodiment, the main board extends a USB2.0 interface into 7 USB interfaces through 1 USB HUB chip which extends 7, thereby ensuring the connection of the RS485 extension board.
As an optional embodiment, the network communication module includes an ethernet unit and a 4G/5G network unit; the USB3.0 interface of the core board is expanded into 4 second USB interfaces through the expansion chip, any one of the expanded second USB interfaces is used as a USB interface, the other three second USB interfaces are used as network ports through the USB-to-Ethernet chip, and the other three second USB interfaces and the Ethernet port of the core board form 4 Ethernet interfaces; the 4 Ethernet interfaces are presented by 1 × 4 Ethernet ports; the Ethernet port can provide POE power supply; the 4G/5G network unit is connected with the core board through a serial port in a development board mode; the 4G/5G network unit is connected with the mainboard through the pin header.
In this embodiment, the power interface, the RS232 interface and the Type-c interface of the motherboard are removed, and the extra space is used for placing the expanded ethernet port.
As an optional implementation manner, the network communication module further comprises a ZigBee unit and/or a LORA communication unit; the ZigBee unit and/or the LORA communication unit are in communication connection with the core board in a serial port transmission mode in an expansion board mode and are used for supporting connection between the ZigBee and/or the LORA mode and the intelligent meter.
As an optional implementation, the SD memory card module is connected to the core board through an SD card interface; the SD card interface is led out from the interface of the core board; the SD card interface is used for realizing the upgrading of the application and the exporting of the data; the SD card interface is also connected with the first ESD device so as to protect the circuit;
the HDMI module is connected with the core board through an HDMI interface; the HDMI interface is led out from the core board; the HDMI interface is also connected to a second ESD device to protect the circuit.
As an optional implementation mode, the power supply module adopts a switching power supply module of converting 220AC into 5V/12V; the power supply module converts commercial power into direct current for the main board and the plurality of expansion boards to use; the power module also includes a short circuit protection circuit, an overload protection circuit, and an overvoltage protection circuit.
As an optional implementation manner, the system further includes an RTC clock module, which is used to ensure that when the system is powered off or the network is abnormal and time cannot be acquired through the network, the AT8339/PCF8563 is used as a clock chip to communicate with the core board through the IIC interface, so as to normally display the system time.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A power distribution stage management intelligent signal control device, comprising:
the IO module is arranged in the upper left corner area of the host case;
the RS485 communication module is arranged in the middle-upper area of the host case, and the RS485 communication module is arranged on the right side of the IO module;
the mainboard is arranged in the right area of the host case and is positioned on the right side of the RS485 communication module;
the power supply module is arranged in the middle area of the left lower part of the host case;
the IO module and the RS485 communication module are positioned on the front side of the host case; the power supply module is positioned at the rear side of the host case; the first fan is arranged in a lower area on the left side of the host case, and the second fan is arranged in an upper area on the right side of the host case.
2. The power distribution level management intelligence telecommunication device of claim 1, wherein the motherboard comprises a network communication module, a USB module, an SD memory card module, an HDMI interface, and a core board.
3. The distribution level management intelligent signalling device of claim 2, wherein the IO module is an expansion board, and the IO module is configured to collect a dry contact switching value input, an analog value input, and a dry contact switching value output; the input/output interface of the IO module adopts 2 x 10 3.81 double-row bent plug wiring terminals; the double-row bent-plug wiring terminal is provided with 2 paths of dry contact switching value output, 12 paths of dry contact switching value input and 6 paths of analog value input; the interface of the analog input adopts a two-wire PT 100; or the like, or, alternatively,
the dry contact switching value output and the dry contact switching value input are realized by a first circuit board, and the analog value input is realized by a second circuit board; the first circuit board is provided with 5 dry contact switching value output interfaces and 15 dry contact switching value input interfaces; the second circuit board is provided with 20 analog input interfaces; the first circuit board and the second circuit board are in communication connection with the core board in a serial port transmission mode.
4. The power distribution stage management intelligent signaling device according to claim 3, wherein the dry contact switching value output interface on the first circuit board is configured to implement switching value output; the dry contact switching value input interface on the first circuit board is used for realizing the acquisition of switching values and/or input pulses; and the analog quantity input interface on the second circuit board is used for realizing acquisition of analog quantity input.
5. The distribution level management intelligence signal control device of claim 2, wherein the RS485 communication module is comprised of at least two RS485 expansion boards; the RS485 communication module is used for acquiring data of the intelligent meter, microcomputer protection, arc light protection, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor; four serial ports are provided on each RS485 expansion board, and the four serial ports are realized in a mode of converting USB into four-way serial ports; and the RS485 expansion board is connected with the mainboard for communication through a USB interface.
6. The distribution level management intelligent signalling device of claim 5, wherein a USB2.0 interface of the core board is expanded into 7 first USB interfaces through a 1-expansion 7 USB HUB chip, so as to realize the connection between the main board and the plurality of RS485 expansion boards.
7. The power distribution level management intelligent signalling device of claim 2, wherein the network communication module comprises an ethernet unit and a 4G/5G network unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
expanding the USB3.0 interface of the core board into 4 second USB interfaces through an expansion chip, using any one of the expanded second USB interfaces as a USB interface, using the other three second USB interfaces as network ports through a USB-to-Ethernet chip, and forming 4 Ethernet interfaces with the Ethernet port of the core board; 4 of the Ethernet interfaces are presented by 1-4 Ethernet ports; the Ethernet port can provide POE power supply;
the 4G/5G network unit is connected with the core board through a serial port in a development board mode; and the 4G/5G network unit is connected with the mainboard through a pin header.
8. The power distribution level management intelligence communication device of claim 7, wherein the network communication module further comprises a ZigBee unit and/or a LORA communication unit; the ZigBee unit and/or the LORA communication unit are in communication connection with the core board in a serial port transmission mode in an expansion board mode and are used for supporting connection between the ZigBee and/or the LORA mode and the intelligent meter.
9. The power distribution level management intelligence telecommunication device of claim 2, wherein the SD memory card module is connected to the core board through an SD card interface; the SD card interface is led out from the interface of the core board; the SD card interface is used for realizing the upgrading of application and the exporting of data; the SD card interface is also connected with the first ESD device so as to protect the circuit;
the HDMI interface is led out from the core board; the HDMI interface is also connected to a second ESD device to protect the circuit.
10. The distribution level management intelligence signal control device of claim 1, wherein the power module is a 220AC to 5V/12V switching power module; the power supply module converts commercial power into direct current for the main board and the plurality of expansion boards to use; the power module further comprises a short-circuit protection circuit, an overload protection circuit and an overvoltage protection circuit.
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| CN214281032U (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-09-24 | 北京智芯微电子科技有限公司 | Intelligent power distribution gateway based on edge calculation |
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