CN114354394A - Impact performance testing method, equipment and medium - Google Patents
Impact performance testing method, equipment and medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN114354394A CN114354394A CN202111462251.8A CN202111462251A CN114354394A CN 114354394 A CN114354394 A CN 114354394A CN 202111462251 A CN202111462251 A CN 202111462251A CN 114354394 A CN114354394 A CN 114354394A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of performance test, and particularly discloses a method, equipment and a medium for testing impact performance, which are used for acquiring impact test data of a sample to be tested and test parameters of a test device; wherein the impact test data comprises: testing time, impact load falling height and image data of the appearance change of the sample to be tested; the test device is used for carrying out impact test on the sample to be tested according to the test parameters; according to the impact test data and the test parameters, calculating to obtain the impact energy and the impact displacement of the sample to be tested; and obtaining a measurement result of the impact performance of the sample to be measured according to the impact test data, the impact energy and the impact displacement. The invention establishes a direct test method and a data processing method of the impact performance by combining theory and actual test, improves the test efficiency and accuracy, is easy to apply to automatic test and operation, and has high universality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of performance testing, in particular to a method, equipment and medium for testing impact performance.
Background
Impact performance is a parameter commonly used in industrial design, and is used for researching the impact behavior of a square sample with a specified size falling from a specified height of a steel ball or hammer with a specific mass or shape, evaluating the degree of impact performance of a material or a device under specified conditions, and qualitatively judging or quantitatively obtaining the energy required by the sample to be damaged. The dupont impact performance refers to the impact performance of a tested material or device measured by a dupont impact tester, and the drop hammer impact performance refers to the impact performance of the tested material or device measured by a drop hammer impact tester.
At present, mature testing methods and equipment are used for testing the impact performance of a material, and generally impact balls or hammers with certain mass or shape are adopted to freely fall from a certain height to impact a sample, impact parameters are collected through a sensor by changing the weight and the shape of the impact balls or the impact hammers or changing the falling height, and the damage degree and the damage phenomenon of the sample are manually recorded; and the energy required by the sample to be destroyed can be qualitatively judged or quantitatively obtained through a plurality of tests. However, when a punching ball or a hammer impacts on a sample, it is difficult to observe and record the damage degree and damage phenomenon of the sample, and to clearly record the data of force and displacement, energy and displacement, displacement and time. And when the material is damaged by impact, due to severe deformation, the conventional testing means and method are not enough to monitor and record the change of the appearance of the sample in the damage process, and an accurate impact testing curve cannot be obtained.
Particularly, in an impact sample of an elastic polymer material, after the material enters an impact damage stage, phenomena such as sinking, stress whitening and the like occur, the damage performance of some materials is very violent and rapid, and the energy-displacement change and the change of the damaged appearance in the whole damage process cannot be measured by adopting a traditional test method, so that a device and a method capable of directly testing the dupont impact performance and the drop hammer impact performance are urgently needed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for testing impact performance and a computer readable storage medium, which aim to solve the problems that the traditional impact test cannot directly obtain accurate parameters of the impact performance of a material or a device and record the change of morphology.
The invention provides a method for testing impact performance, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring impact test data of a sample to be tested and test parameters of a test device; wherein the impact test data comprises: testing time, impact load falling height and image data of the appearance change of the sample to be tested; the test device is used for carrying out impact test on the sample to be tested according to the test parameters;
according to the impact test data and the test parameters, calculating to obtain the impact energy and the impact displacement of the sample to be tested;
and obtaining a measurement result of the impact performance of the sample to be measured according to the impact test data, the impact energy and the impact displacement.
Preferably, the acquiring of the impact test data of the sample to be tested and the test parameters of the test device specifically includes:
mounting the sample to be tested on a testing device, and inputting testing parameters into the testing device;
starting the optical imaging device and the testing device at the same time, and carrying out impact testing on a sample to be tested; the optical imaging device is used for recording image data containing impact test data of a sample to be tested in real time.
Preferably, before the sample to be tested is mounted on the testing device, the method further includes:
preparing a sample to be detected into a standard sample;
and arranging speckle points with randomly changed gray scales on the surface of the standard sample, wherein the speckle points are used for an optical imaging device to acquire the impact strain of the standard sample through image identification.
Preferably, the step of calculating to obtain the impact energy and the impact displacement of the sample to be tested according to the impact test data and the test parameters specifically comprises:
importing the image data into an image analysis system for calibration;
establishing a virtual impact hammer and a virtual base, introducing calibrated image data into the virtual impact hammer and the virtual base to obtain a falling height-time curve of the impact hammer, and capturing the relative change of a certain scattered spot to obtain impact displacement;
and obtaining the impact energy of the sample to be detected at the impact point according to the falling height-time curve.
Preferably, the measurement results include: an impact displacement-time curve, an impact energy-displacement curve, and a plurality of impact deformation images.
Preferably, the method for obtaining the impact displacement-time curve specifically comprises the following steps:
capturing one scattered spot on the standard sample through an optical imaging device, and carrying out tracking data acquisition on the displacement of the scattered spot to obtain an impact displacement-time curve.
Preferably, several of said impact deformation images are embodied as consecutive video frames.
The invention provides a test device of impact performance, which comprises an impact test module, a first calculation module and an impact performance calculation module;
the impact testing module is used for acquiring impact testing data of a sample to be tested and testing parameters of the testing device;
the first calculation module is used for calculating and obtaining the impact energy and the impact displacement of the sample to be tested according to the impact test data and the test parameters;
and the impact performance calculation module is used for calculating and obtaining a measurement result of the impact performance of the sample to be tested according to the impact test data, the impact energy and the impact displacement.
The invention provides a terminal device, which comprises a processor and a storage device, wherein the storage device is used for storing one or more programs; when the one or more programs are executed by the processor, the processor implements the impact performance testing method described above.
The invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, which comprises a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program runs, the equipment where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the impact performance testing method.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method, equipment and a medium for testing impact performance, wherein an impact test is carried out on a sample to be tested, in the process of the impact test, the impact test data of the sample to be tested, which changes along with the change of test time, is recorded by an optical imaging device, and the impact performance result of the sample to be tested is obtained by calculation; by combining theory and actual test, a direct impact performance test method and a data processing method of materials and devices are established, the test efficiency and accuracy are improved, the method is easy to apply to automatic test and operation, and the universality is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for testing impact properties of a material provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a device for testing impact properties of a material provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a standard sample provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a standard specimen impact recess in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a testing device; 2. an impact hammer; 3. a base; 4. impact load; 5. a computer; 6. an optical imaging device; 7. a graduated scale; 8. and (5) testing the sample to be tested.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, an embodiment of the present invention includes a method for testing impact performance, which is mainly used for testing impact performance of materials, parts and products, and includes the following steps:
s1, obtaining impact test data of the sample 8 to be tested and test parameters of the test device 1; wherein the impact test data comprises: testing time, impact load 4 falling height and image data of the shape change of the sample 8 to be tested; the testing device 1 is used for carrying out impact testing on the sample 8 to be tested according to the testing parameters;
s2, calculating and obtaining the impact energy and the impact displacement of the sample 8 to be tested according to the impact test data and the test parameters;
and S3, obtaining the measurement result of the impact performance of the sample 8 to be measured according to the impact test data, the impact energy and the impact displacement.
Preferably, the impact test data of the sample 8 to be tested and the test parameters of the test device 1 are obtained by the following steps:
a1, mounting the sample 8 to be tested on a testing device 1, and inputting testing parameters into the testing device 1;
a2, starting the optical imaging device 6 and the testing device 1 at the same time, and performing impact testing on a sample 8 to be tested; the optical imaging device 6 is used for recording image data including impact test data of the sample 8 to be tested in real time.
The optical imaging device 6 in the present embodiment is specifically a CCD camera, in particular a high-speed CCD camera. The falling height of the impact load 4 is obtained by analyzing image data recorded by a CCD camera and establishing a virtual extensometer, and the falling height data changed due to the change of test time is obtained; the impact load 4 is the weight of the impact load 4 determined immediately before the test.
Preferably, in order to more clearly capture the deformed image data of the sample 8 to be tested in the impact process and avoid the problem that the deformed image cannot be completely captured due to the shielding of the impact hammer 2 or the impact load 4, the optical imaging device 6 of this embodiment further includes at least one second camera with a different capturing angle from the CCD camera, or one of at least one mirror or lens, or any combination thereof, so that the optical imaging device 6 can capture an image of the sample 8 to be tested from one side of the bottom or the other side of the top of the sample 8 to be tested, which is different from the CDD camera.
Recording impact test data of the sample 8 to be tested, which changes along with the change of the test time, through the optical imaging device 6, and calculating to obtain an impact performance result of the sample 8 to be tested; a direct test method and a data processing method for the impact performance of the material are established; compared with the traditional test method for impact test through sensors and manual work, the test efficiency and accuracy can be greatly improved through the optical imaging device 6, the method is easy to apply to automatic test and operation, and the universality is high.
Preferably, the CCD camera of the optical imaging device 6 is a three-dimensional strain measurement system, that is, a binocular camera, the CCD camera at least two different angles is used to shoot the sample 8 to be measured, the computer binocular vision theory and the material mechanics theory are used to analyze speckle point images before and after the surface deformation of the sample 8 to be measured, so as to dynamically track the movement of scattered spots on the surface of the sample 8 to be measured and obtain a three-dimensional displacement field, on the basis, the three-dimensional strain field of the sample 8 to be measured is obtained by calculation, and the three-dimensional strain dynamic model of the sample 8 to be measured can be obtained by computer modeling reduction, so that the research and simulation application of impact deformation can be better performed.
Preferably, before the sample 8 to be tested is mounted on the testing device 1, the method further comprises the following sub-steps:
b1, preparing the sample 8 to be tested into a standard sample;
and B2, arranging speckle points with randomly changed gray scale on the surface of the standard sample, wherein the speckle points are used for the optical imaging device 6 to acquire the impact strain of the standard sample through image recognition.
The scattered spots are prepared on the standard vertebra sample, so that the optical imaging device 6 can better identify the impact strain of the standard sample, and the identification of the video data is more accurate and efficient.
Preferably, the step of calculating and obtaining the impact energy and the impact displacement of the sample 8 to be tested according to the impact test data and the test parameters includes the following steps:
c1, importing the image data into an image analysis system for calibration;
c2, establishing a virtual impact hammer and a virtual base, and introducing the calibrated image data into the virtual impact hammer and the virtual base to obtain a falling height-time curve of the impact hammer 2; obtaining impact displacement by capturing the relative change of a scattered spot;
and C3, calculating the impact energy of the impact point of the sample 8 to be measured.
Preferably, the measurement results include: an impact displacement-time curve, an impact energy-displacement curve and a plurality of impact deformation images; through a plurality of curve graphs obtained by calculation, the impact performance change in the test process can be better observed; the multiple curve graphs visually display the impact performance of the material, and can be applied to simulation research.
The method for obtaining the impact displacement-time curve specifically comprises the following steps: capturing one scattered spot on the standard sample through an optical imaging device, and carrying out tracking data acquisition on the displacement of the scattered spot to obtain an impact displacement-time curve.
Preferably, the plurality of impact deformation images are continuous video frames, that is, image data is directly output in a video form, and the impact deformation images can be played back through a slow lens, so that the occurrence process of the impact strain of the material can be better shown.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, schematic diagrams of a test apparatus for impact performance and a standard sample according to an embodiment of the present invention are provided, where the test apparatus includes: the device comprises an impact testing module, a first calculating module and an impact performance calculating module;
the impact testing module is used for acquiring impact testing data of a sample 8 to be tested and testing parameters of the testing device 1;
the first calculation module is used for calculating and obtaining the impact energy and the impact displacement of the sample 8 to be tested according to the impact test data and the test parameters;
and the impact performance calculation module is used for calculating and obtaining a measurement result of the impact performance of the sample 8 to be tested according to the impact test data, the impact energy and the impact displacement.
Preferably, the first calculation module comprises an importing unit, an image analysis unit and a second calculation unit;
the importing unit is used for importing the image data into an image analysis system for calibration;
the image analysis unit is used for establishing a virtual impact hammer and a virtual base, and introducing calibrated image data into the virtual impact hammer and the virtual base to obtain a falling height-time curve of the virtual impact hammer;
and the second calculating unit is used for calculating the impact energy and the impact displacement of the impact point of the sample 8 to be measured.
The first computing module corresponds to the computer 5 in the figure, and the first computing module may be a section of an execution program in the computer 5, or may be a circuit with a computing function that is specially added, and is used for implementing a function that the first computing module needs to execute; the optical imaging device 6 is electrically connected with the computer 5.
The impact testing module comprises a testing device 1 and an optical imaging device 6, wherein the testing device 1 comprises an impact hammer 2, an impact load 4 and a base 3, the same as an impact testing device commonly used in the field is adopted, in order to enable the optical imaging device 6 to better monitor the falling height of the impact load 4, a graduated scale 7 is further arranged beside the impact load 4, and the virtual extensometer is calibrated through the graduated scale 7 in image data.
The impact performance testing equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention can calculate the impact performance of the material according to the impact testing data through one-time impact testing, and simultaneously output the image of the impact strain after impact, thereby greatly improving the testing efficiency and being convenient and efficient to operate.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the schematic diagram in the present embodiment is merely an example of a test device, and does not constitute a limitation of the test device, and may include more or less components than those shown, or combine some components, or different components, for example, the test device may further include an input-output device, a network access device, a bus, etc.
As another embodiment of the invention, by using the above impact performance testing device, the impact performance testing method is realized by the following steps:
s1, preparing the sample 8 to be tested into a standard sample through injection molding or machining, and adjusting the standard sample for a set time under a standard environment;
s2, preprocessing the standard sample, and spraying speckle points with randomly changed gray scales on the surface of the standard sample;
s3, mounting the standard sample on the testing machine base 3, and setting standard sample parameters (such as load, height, acquisition frequency and the like);
s4, adjusting the optical imaging device 6 and the light source, acquiring a clear image of the standard sample on the testing machine, and adjusting the exposure frequency of the camera;
s5, starting the testing device 1 and the optical imaging device 6 at the same time, and monitoring and recording the image data of the impact process by the optical imaging device 6;
s6, stopping image acquisition of the optical imaging device 6 after the test is finished, and deriving image data;
s7, the first calculation module calibrates the image data, establishes a virtual impact hammer and a base 3, calculates impact energy and impact displacement which change along with time on the impact point of the sample, and obtains falling height data of an impact load 4, the impact hammer 2 or an impact ball through testing parameters;
s7.1, calculating the impact energy according to the load size and the falling height, wherein the formula is that w is Mgh; wherein w is impact energy in units of J; h is the falling height, and the unit is m; m is the mass of the impact load 4 in kg; g is the acceleration of gravity, equal to 9.80m/s2；
S7.2, obtaining the stage from the point that the hammerhead of the impact hammer 2 impacts the sample to the point that the sample is damaged through the image data, and obtaining an impact displacement-time curve;
s7.3, obtaining a force-displacement curve through impact energy, the load of the impact hammer 2 and the falling height; w-Mgh-Fs; wherein F is the impact force in N; s is the impact displacement in m.
The deformation appearance and phenomenon of the sample in the process of being damaged can be clearly observed through the optical imaging device 6; the observation of the appearance change is a judgment index of the impact performance of most materials, so that the tiny change of a test sample can be clearly observed, and the test accuracy is improved; according to the impact process and the deformation process and the result of the material in the image of the test result, the test result can be obtained, which is generally that the base material is not cracked, the coating is not cracked, and the like.
Force and displacement instantaneous values can be obtained through calculation, so that a relation curve graph is obtained; the method can be used for simulation research, better observing the impact property change in the test process and judging the impact property.
The adjusting time under the standard environment is to prevent the influence of the adjusting time of different samples under the standard environment on the test result of the samples.
According to the scheme adopted by the embodiment, by combining theory and actual test, a direct test method and a data processing method for the impact performance of the material are established, the test efficiency and accuracy are improved, the method is easy to apply to automatic test and operation, and the universality is high.
Preferably, the size of the scattered spot corresponds to 3 to 5 pixels in the acquired image data of the optical imaging device 6.
The time of the impact test process is short, and the change of the appearance of the sample is easily missed by the observation of human eyes, so that the test is inaccurate; the optical imaging device 6 can be used for tracking and recording video, and the appearance change condition of each frame of sample can be watched with high resolution after the test is finished, so that the test accuracy and intuition are improved.
The signals captured by the optical imaging device 6 are processed by DIC testing technology software to form a curve, and the curve can lead out corresponding original data such as impact displacement.
In the impact test, the more times the test is repeated, the more concentrated the results are obtained. In the experiment, a CCD camera carries out data acquisition on all observed speckle points, after the test is finished, one speckle point with the clearest characteristic in the recorded video data is found out for data processing, and a curve and original data are output.
Referring to fig. 4, it is a schematic diagram of the impact deformation of a standard sample after an impact test in two embodiments of the present invention; because the impact damage of the material is greatly influenced by complex factors, more accurate test results can be obtained through repeated tests, the scheme is more suitable for automatic impact tests, and the test efficiency can be greatly improved.
The invention also discloses a terminal device, which comprises a processor and a storage device, wherein the storage device is used for storing one or more programs; when the one or more programs are executed by the processor, the processor implements the impact performance testing method described above. The Processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), other general purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, discrete Gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, etc. The general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like, which is the control center for the test equipment and connects the various parts of the overall test equipment using various interfaces and lines.
The storage means may be adapted to store computer programs and/or modules, and the processor may be adapted to implement various functions of the terminal device by running or executing the computer programs and/or modules stored in the storage means and by invoking data stored in the storage means. The storage device may mainly include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an application program required for at least one function, and the like; the storage data area may store data created according to the use of the terminal device, and the like. In addition, the storage device may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), at least one magnetic disk storage device, a Flash memory device, or other volatile solid state storage device.
Wherein, the module/unit integrated with the impact performance testing device can be stored in a computer readable storage medium if it is implemented in the form of software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product. Based on such understanding, all or part of the flow in the method according to the embodiments of the present invention may also be implemented by a computer program, which may be stored in at least one computer-readable storage medium and used for instructing related hardware to implement the steps of the above-described embodiments of the method when executed by a processor. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, an executable file or some intermediate form, etc. The computer readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording medium, U.S. disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer Memory, Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signals, telecommunications signals, software distribution media, and the like.
It should be noted that the above-described embodiments of the apparatus and device are merely schematic, where units illustrated as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components illustrated as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. In addition, in the drawings of the device embodiments provided by the present invention, the connection relationship between the modules indicates that there is a communication connection between them, and may be specifically implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and enhancements can be made without departing from the principles of the invention, and such modifications and enhancements are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for testing impact performance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring impact test data of a sample to be tested and test parameters of a test device; wherein the impact test data comprises: testing time, impact load falling height and image data of the appearance change of the sample to be tested; the test device is used for carrying out impact test on the sample to be tested according to the test parameters;
according to the impact test data and the test parameters, calculating to obtain the impact energy and the impact displacement of the sample to be tested;
and obtaining a measurement result of the impact performance of the sample to be measured according to the impact test data, the impact energy and the impact displacement.
2. The method for testing impact performance according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the impact test data of the sample to be tested and the test parameters of the test device specifically comprises:
mounting the sample to be tested on a testing device, and inputting testing parameters into the testing device;
starting the optical imaging device and the testing device at the same time, and carrying out impact testing on a sample to be tested; the optical imaging device is used for recording image data containing impact test data of a sample to be tested in real time.
3. The method for testing impact performance of claim 2, wherein before the sample to be tested is mounted on the testing device, the method further comprises:
preparing a sample to be detected into a standard sample;
and arranging speckle points with randomly changed gray scales on the surface of the standard sample, wherein the speckle points are used for an optical imaging device to acquire the impact strain of the standard sample through image identification.
4. The method for testing impact performance according to claim 3, wherein the step of calculating and obtaining the impact energy and the impact displacement of the sample to be tested according to the impact test data and the test parameters comprises:
importing the image data into an image analysis system for calibration;
establishing a virtual impact hammer and a virtual base, introducing calibrated image data into the virtual impact hammer and the virtual base to obtain a falling height-time curve of the impact hammer, and capturing the relative change of a certain scattered spot to obtain impact displacement;
and obtaining the impact energy of the sample to be detected at the impact point according to the falling height-time curve.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the measurement comprises: an impact displacement-time curve, an impact energy-displacement curve, and a plurality of impact deformation images.
6. The method for testing impact performance according to claim 5, wherein the method for obtaining the impact displacement-time curve comprises:
capturing one scattered spot on the standard sample through an optical imaging device, and carrying out tracking data acquisition on the displacement of the scattered spot to obtain an impact displacement-time curve.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the plurality of impact deformation images are consecutive video frames.
8. An impact performance testing apparatus, comprising: the device comprises an impact testing module, a first calculating module and an impact performance calculating module;
the impact testing module is used for acquiring impact testing data of a sample to be tested and testing parameters of the testing device;
the first calculation module is used for calculating and obtaining the impact energy and the impact displacement of the sample to be tested according to the impact test data and the test parameters;
and the impact performance calculation module is used for calculating and obtaining a measurement result of the impact performance of the sample to be tested according to the impact test data, the impact energy and the impact displacement.
9. A terminal device, comprising: a processor and a storage device to store one or more programs; the processor implementing the impact performance testing method of any one of claims 1 to 7 when the one or more programs are executed by the processor.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising a stored computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed, controls an apparatus in which the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform the impact performance testing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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