CN114353758A - Method for surveying and mapping terrain based on BIM - Google Patents
Method for surveying and mapping terrain based on BIM Download PDFInfo
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- CN114353758A CN114353758A CN202111660616.8A CN202111660616A CN114353758A CN 114353758 A CN114353758 A CN 114353758A CN 202111660616 A CN202111660616 A CN 202111660616A CN 114353758 A CN114353758 A CN 114353758A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
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- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002026 carminative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for surveying and mapping terrain based on BIM, which comprises the following steps: s1, data preparation: planning and determining a detection area, and wirelessly connecting the unmanned aerial vehicle and the camera with a control center; s2, image acquisition: controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly according to the requirements of related air routes, and changing the position of a camera of the camera through a driving motor to obtain multiple measurement photographic images; and S3, processing data, transmitting the camera image acquired by the camera to a control center, performing comprehensive analysis, and obtaining a three-dimensional figure of the surveying and mapping target. This application is based on BIM's method of survey and drawing topography is in same position, through driving motor 21 rotatory camera angle, can be omnidirectional or image information, avoids the accumulation of many times invalid information, improves the accuracy of data acquisition, reduces the time of acquireing the image, improves work efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of topographic methods, in particular to a method for surveying and mapping a terrain based on BIM.
Background
An unmanned aircraft, abbreviated as "drone", and abbreviated in english as "UAV", is an unmanned aircraft that is operated by a radio remote control device and a self-contained program control device, or is operated autonomously, either completely or intermittently, by an onboard computer.
The BIM-based method technology for surveying and mapping the terrain is provided by Autodesk company in 2002, is widely accepted by the industry in the global scope at present, can help to realize the integration of building information, and integrates various information into a three-dimensional model information database from the design, construction and operation of buildings to the end of the whole life cycle of the buildings, and personnel such as a design team, a construction unit, a facility operation department, an owner and the like can perform cooperative work based on the BIM-based method for surveying and mapping the terrain, thereby effectively improving the working efficiency, saving resources, reducing the cost and realizing sustainable development.
Surveying and mapping are based on computer technology, photoelectric technology, network communication technology, space science and information science, a global navigation satellite positioning system (GNSS), Remote Sensing (RS) and a Geographic Information System (GIS) are taken as technical cores, existing characteristic points and boundary lines on the ground are measured to obtain graph and position information reflecting the current situation of the ground for planning design and administrative management of engineering construction, measurement lofting is taken as a surveying and mapping technology, namely three-dimensional positioning measurement of any space object, the specific work of the surveying and mapping technology is reflected in the measurement of distance, angle (direction) and elevation, no matter what method is adopted for lofting, the measurement results of the three quantities can not be measured by using various different instruments at all times, and the three quantities are calibrated on a construction site. Lofting is one of the main contents of engineering survey research, and at the survey and drawing in-process, in order to guarantee survey and drawing efficiency sometimes, need use unmanned aerial vehicle to carry the mapping mechanism and carry out the survey and drawing operation.
Among the prior art, only regard as unmanned aerial vehicle's survey and drawing orbit with horizontal or fore-and-aft mode of removal many times, because unmanned aerial vehicle's survey and drawing scope is fan-shaped, consequently local area is surveyed many times, when having increased the survey and drawing operation, brings inconvenience for user's use when reducing work efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention is directed to solving the above-described problems. It is an object of the present invention to provide a BIM-based method of mapping terrain that solves one of the above problems.
A BIM-based method of mapping terrain may include:
s1, data preparation: planning and determining a detection area, and wirelessly connecting the unmanned aerial vehicle and the camera with a control center;
s2, image acquisition: controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly according to the requirements of related air routes, and changing the position of a camera of the camera through a driving motor to obtain multiple measurement photographic images;
and S3, processing data, transmitting the camera image acquired by the camera to a control center, performing comprehensive analysis, and obtaining a three-dimensional figure of the surveying and mapping target.
This application is based on BIM's method of survey and drawing topography is in same position, through driving motor 21 rotatory camera angle, can be omnidirectional or image information, avoids the accumulation of many times invalid information, improves the accuracy of data acquisition, reduces the time of acquireing the image, improves work efficiency.
Preferably, S2 includes rotating the camera by the driving motor for a plurality of times, and sequentially acquiring the photographed images after any one rotation angle.
According to the method for surveying and mapping the terrain based on the BIM, when data are processed, the data of the last time and the repeated data obtained next time are overlapped, and 360-degree terrain image information without dead angles can be obtained. The measurement precision is high, and no error exists.
Preferably, the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle main body and a camera fixedly arranged on the bottom side of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body; the BIM-based terrain mapping method further comprises buffer assemblies, wherein the buffer assemblies are symmetrically arranged on the top side and the bottom side of the camera, any one buffer assembly comprises an arc-shaped fixed plate and first buffer springs which are uniformly arranged and arranged between the two fixed plates, and the two fixed plates are arranged in parallel; the BIM-based terrain surveying and mapping method further comprises a driving motor, wherein the driving motor is fixedly arranged at the bottom side of the fixing plate through a bracket, and a rotating shaft at the output end penetrates through the fixing plate and is fixedly connected with the camera.
This application is based on BIM's method of survey and drawing topography is driving the camera rotation through driving motor, because the camera is wrapped up almost to arc fixed plate, and through first buffer spring's buffering cushioning effect, at rotatory camera in-process, the position deviation error is little, and measurement accuracy is high.
Preferably, the unmanned aerial vehicle main body comprises a plurality of support rods, the plurality of support rods are fixedly arranged on the top side of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body and are of umbrella-shaped structures, and the support rods cover propellers of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body; the method of survey and drawing topography based on BIM still includes aerifys the gasbag, aerifys the gasbag setting between a plurality of bracing pieces, aerifys as needs, and the gas generator in the unmanned aerial vehicle main part is aerifyd the gasbag.
This application survey and drawing method of topography based on BIM inflates the gasbag through gas generator, then inflates the gasbag and cover unmanned aerial vehicle top side, and similar umbrella can avoid on sleet direct flow in unmanned aerial vehicle screw, camera, improves measuring stability and measuring precision.
Preferably, the inflatable bladder is inflated with hot air.
The BIM-based terrain mapping method can reduce power output of the propeller through hot air.
Preferably, the inflatable bladder is inflated with hydrogen.
The BIM-based terrain mapping method can reduce power output of the propeller through hydrogen.
Preferably, the BIM-based method for mapping a landscape further includes a weight ball slidably disposed on the support rod.
This application is based on method of survey and drawing topography of BIM is through setting up the counter weight ball, and after the gasbag was carminative, the counter weight ball slided down along the bracing piece, can pack up the gasbag, can not produce the interference to follow-up unmanned aerial vehicle's removal.
Preferably, any one of the support rods comprises two counterweight balls, and a second buffer spring is arranged between the two counterweight balls.
This application survey and drawing method of topography based on BIM is aerifyd as the gasbag, acts on buffer spring through the counter weight ball, avoids gasbag sudden air inflation's vibration, improves the stability of device.
Preferably, the gas generator is arranged at the bottom side of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body and comprises an air cavity and an air equalizing pipe arranged at the bottom side of the air cavity, and the air equalizing pipe is of an inverted funnel-shaped structure and is sleeved outside the camera.
According to the method for surveying and mapping the terrain based on the BIM, the air cavity and the air equalizing pipe arranged at the bottom side of the air cavity are used for conveying air to the air equalizing pipe through the air generator, so that the one-layer air equalizing wall is formed outside the camera, rainwater is prevented from acting on the camera, and the measurement precision and the stability are improved.
The method for surveying and mapping the terrain based on the BIM has the following technical effects:
this application is based on BIM's method of survey and drawing topography is in same position, through the rotatory camera angle of driving motor, can omnidirectional or image information, avoids the accumulation of many times invalid information, improves the accuracy of data acquisition, reduces the time of acquireing the image, improves work efficiency. When meeting sleet weather, when needing to measure, aerify through gas generator to aerifing the gasbag, then aerify the gasbag and cover the unmanned aerial vehicle top side, similar umbrella can avoid on sleet direct inflow unmanned aerial vehicle screw, the camera, improves measuring stability and measuring precision. The gas generator is used for conveying gas to the air equalizing pipe, so that a layer of air equalizing wall is formed outside the camera, rainwater is prevented from acting on the camera, and the measurement precision and the stability are improved.
Other characteristic features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings, like reference numerals are used to indicate like elements. The drawings in the following description are directed to some, but not all embodiments of the invention. For a person skilled in the art, other figures can be derived from these figures without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a BIM-based architecture diagram of a topographic drone of the present invention;
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an enlarged view of the position of a BIM-based topographic UAV A of the present invention;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates an enlarged view of the position of a BIM-based terrain-mapping drone B of the present invention;
in the figure: 10. an unmanned aerial vehicle main body; 20. a camera; 30. a buffer assembly; 31. a fixing plate; 32. a first buffer spring; 21. a drive motor; 22. a support; 23. a rotating shaft; 40. a support bar; 11. a propeller; 41. an inflatable air bag; 42. a gas generator; 43. a counterweight ball; 44. a second buffer spring; 45. an air cavity; 46. and (4) air equalizing pipes.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.
The BIM-based method for mapping terrain is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, it is an object of the present invention to provide a BIM-based method for mapping a terrain, which may include:
s1, data preparation: planning and determining a detection area, and wirelessly connecting the unmanned aerial vehicle and the camera 20 with a control center;
s2, image acquisition: controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly according to the requirements of related air routes, and changing the position of a camera 20 of the camera through a driving motor 21 to obtain multiple measurement photographic images;
and S3, processing data, transmitting the camera image acquired by the camera 20 to a control center, performing comprehensive analysis, and obtaining a three-dimensional figure of the surveying and mapping target.
The method for surveying and mapping the terrain based on the BIM is located at the same position, the camera angle is rotated through the driving motor 21, the camera can be omni-directional or image information, accumulation of multiple times of invalid information is avoided, accuracy of data acquisition is improved, time for acquiring images is reduced, and work efficiency is improved.
Example 2
In a preferred embodiment, S2 includes rotating the camera by the driving motor 21 for a plurality of times at equal angles, and sequentially acquiring the photographed images after any one rotation angle.
The method for surveying and mapping the terrain based on the BIM rotates the camera by 45 degrees, acquires data once, and rotates the camera for eight times in total.
According to the method for surveying and mapping the terrain based on the BIM, during data processing, data of the last time and repeated data obtained next time are overlapped, and 360-degree terrain image information without dead angles can be obtained. The measurement precision is high, and no error exists.
Example 3
In another preferred embodiment, the drone comprises a drone body 10 and a camera 20 secured to the underside of the drone body 10;
the BIM-based terrain mapping method further comprises buffer assemblies 30, wherein the buffer assemblies 30 are symmetrically arranged at the top side and the bottom side of the camera 20, any one of the buffer assemblies 30 comprises an arc-shaped fixing plate 31 and first buffer springs 32 which are uniformly distributed and arranged between the two fixing plates 31, and the two fixing plates 31 are arranged in parallel; the BIM-based terrain mapping method further comprises a driving motor 21, wherein the driving motor 21 is fixedly arranged at the bottom side of the fixing plate 31 through a bracket 22, and a rotating shaft 23 of the output end penetrates through the fixing plate 31 and is fixedly connected with the camera 20.
Wherein, this application is based on the method of survey and drawing topography of BIM is driving camera 20 rotatory through driving motor 21, because arc fixed plate 31 wraps up camera 20 almost, and through the buffering cushioning effect of first buffer spring 32, at rotatory camera 20 in-process, the position deviation error is little, and measurement accuracy is high.
Example 4
In a further preferred embodiment, the main body 10 of the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a plurality of support rods 40, the plurality of support rods 40 are fixedly arranged on the top side of the main body 10 of the unmanned aerial vehicle and are of an umbrella-shaped structure, and the support rods cover the propeller 11 of the main body 10 of the unmanned aerial vehicle; the BIM-based terrain mapping method further comprises inflating airbags 41, the inflating airbags 41 are arranged among the plurality of support rods 40, and when inflation is needed, the inflator 42 on the unmanned aerial vehicle main body 10 inflates the inflating airbags 41.
Wherein, when meetting sleet weather, when needing to measure, the existence of sleet can influence the normal work of screw on hitting unmanned aerial vehicle's screw, and rain flows and can directly influence the measurement on the camera simultaneously.
According to the method for surveying and mapping the terrain based on the BIM, the inflatable air bag 41 is inflated through the gas generator 42, then the inflatable air bag 41 covers the top side of the unmanned aerial vehicle, is similar to an umbrella, and can prevent rain and snow from directly flowing into the propeller of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the camera to improve the stability and the precision of measurement.
Wherein, gas generator can be fan and heater integrated configuration, inputs the gasbag through the gas passage of unmanned aerial vehicle main part.
The gas generator may be a chemical reaction generator, such as sodium azide. The specific equation is as follows:
10NaN3+2KNO3+SiO2→5Na2O·K2O·5SiO2+16N2
among them, the working principle of sodium azide gas generation is similar to that of an automobile safety airbag.
Wherein, the gas channel can be provided with an electric valve, and when the air bag is full, the electric valve is closed.
Wherein, the design of gasbag can not increase too much unmanned aerial vehicle's burden.
Example 5
In actual use, the inflatable air bag 41 is filled with hot air.
The BIM-based terrain mapping method can reduce power output of the propeller through hot air.
Example 6
In actual use, the inflatable bladder 41 is inflated with hydrogen gas.
The BIM-based terrain mapping method can reduce power output of the propeller through hydrogen.
Example 7
In yet another preferred embodiment, the BIM-based method of mapping terrain further comprises a counterweight ball 43, the counterweight ball 43 being slidably disposed on the support rod 40.
Wherein, this application is based on BIM's survey and drawing method of topography is through setting up counterweight ball 43, and after the gasbag exhausts, counterweight ball 43 slides down along bracing piece 40, can pack up the gasbag, can not disturb following unmanned aerial vehicle's removal production.
Example 8
Specifically, each support rod 40 includes two weight balls 43, and a second buffer spring 44 is disposed between the two weight balls 43.
Wherein, this application survey and drawing method of topography based on BIM is aerifyd as the gasbag, acts on buffer spring through the counter weight ball, avoids the gasbag suddenly gas filled's vibration, improves the stability of device.
Example 9
Preferably, the gas generator 42 is disposed at the bottom side of the main body 10 of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and includes an air cavity 45 and an air equalizing pipe 46 disposed at the bottom side of the air cavity 45, wherein the air equalizing pipe 46 is of an inverted funnel-shaped structure and is sleeved outside the camera 20.
Wherein, this application survey and drawing topography based on BIM's method passes through air cavity 45 and sets up at air cavity 45 downside air equalizing pipe 46 and passes through gas generator to air equalizing pipe 46 defeated gas for the camera 20 outside forms the even air wall of one deck, avoids the rainwater to act on the camera, improves measurement accuracy, stability.
The working principle of the method for surveying and mapping the terrain based on the BIM is as follows:
this application is based on BIM's method of survey and drawing topography is in same position, through driving motor 21 rotatory camera angle, can be omnidirectional or image information, avoids the accumulation of many times invalid information, improves the accuracy of data acquisition, reduces the time of acquireing the image, improves work efficiency. When meeting in sleet weather, when needing to measure, aerify inflatable air bag 41 through gas generator 42, then inflatable air bag 41 covers the unmanned aerial vehicle top side, and similar umbrella can avoid sleet direct flow to improve measuring stability and measuring precision on unmanned aerial vehicle screw, the camera. The gas generator delivers gas to the air equalizing pipe 46, so that a layer of uniform gas wall is formed outside the camera 20, rainwater is prevented from acting on the camera, and the measurement precision and stability are improved.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such article or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in the article or device comprising the element.
The above embodiments are merely to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and equivalent arrangements may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and it should be understood that the present invention is to be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A BIM-based method of mapping terrain, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, data preparation: planning and determining a detection area, and wirelessly connecting the unmanned aerial vehicle and the camera (20) with a control center;
s2, image acquisition: controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly according to the requirements of related air routes, and changing the position of a camera (20) through a driving motor (21) to obtain multiple measurement photographic images;
and S3, processing data, transmitting the image obtained by the camera (20) to a control center for comprehensive analysis, and obtaining a three-dimensional figure of the surveying and mapping target.
2. The BIM-based terrain mapping method of claim 1, wherein: and S2, the camera is rotated for multiple times by the driving motor (21) and the like, and the photographed images at any rotation angle are acquired in sequence.
3. The BIM-based terrain mapping method of claim 1, wherein: the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle main body (10) and a camera (20) fixedly arranged on the bottom side of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body (10);
the BIM-based terrain mapping method further comprises buffer assemblies (30), wherein the buffer assemblies (30) are symmetrically arranged at the top side and the bottom side of the camera (20), any one of the buffer assemblies (30) comprises an arc-shaped fixing plate (31) and first buffer springs (32) which are uniformly distributed and arranged between the two fixing plates (31), and the two fixing plates (31) are arranged in parallel;
the BIM-based terrain mapping method further comprises a driving motor (21), wherein the driving motor (21) is fixedly arranged at the bottom side of the fixing plate (31) through a bracket (22), and a rotating shaft (23) of an output end penetrates through the fixing plate (31) and is fixedly connected with the camera (20).
4. The BIM-based terrain mapping method of claim 3, wherein: the unmanned aerial vehicle main body (10) comprises a plurality of supporting rods (40), the supporting rods (40) are fixedly arranged on the top side of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body (10) and are of umbrella-shaped structures, and the supporting rods cover a propeller (11) of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body (10);
the BIM-based terrain mapping method further comprises an inflatable air bag (41), wherein the inflatable air bag (41) is arranged among the supporting rods (40), and when inflation is needed, a gas generator (42) on the unmanned aerial vehicle main body (10) inflates the inflatable air bag (41).
5. The BIM-based terrain mapping method of claim 4, wherein: the inflatable air bag (41) is inflated with hot air.
6. The BIM-based terrain mapping method of claim 4, wherein: the inflatable air bag (41) is filled with hydrogen.
7. The BIM-based terrain mapping method of claim 4, wherein: the BIM-based method for mapping terrain further comprises a counterweight ball (43), wherein the counterweight ball (43) is slidably arranged on the supporting rod (40).
8. The BIM-based terrain mapping method of claim 4, wherein: any one of the supporting rods (40) comprises two counterweight balls (43), and a second buffer spring (44) is arranged between the two counterweight balls (43).
9. The BIM-based terrain mapping method of claim 4, wherein: the air generator (42) is arranged on the bottom side of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body (10), and comprises an air cavity (45) and an air equalizing pipe (46) arranged on the bottom side of the air cavity (45), wherein the air equalizing pipe (46) is of an inverted funnel-shaped structure and is sleeved on the outer side of the camera (20).
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| CN117128937A (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2023-11-28 | 山东慧宇航空遥感技术有限公司 | Unmanned aerial vehicle for aerial photogrammetry and measurement method thereof |
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