CN113758468A - Acquisition and processing method based on three-dimensional topographic mapping data - Google Patents
Acquisition and processing method based on three-dimensional topographic mapping data Download PDFInfo
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- CN113758468A CN113758468A CN202111138447.1A CN202111138447A CN113758468A CN 113758468 A CN113758468 A CN 113758468A CN 202111138447 A CN202111138447 A CN 202111138447A CN 113758468 A CN113758468 A CN 113758468A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
- G01C11/04—Interpretation of pictures
- G01C11/30—Interpretation of pictures by triangulation
- G01C11/34—Aerial triangulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
- G01C11/02—Picture taking arrangements specially adapted for photogrammetry or photographic surveying, e.g. controlling overlapping of pictures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for acquiring and processing data based on three-dimensional topographic mapping, which belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional mapping and comprises the following steps: s1, data preparation: planning and determining a detection area, and selecting a photographing scale and photographing equipment, wherein the photographing equipment comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a camera and a connecting assembly, and the unmanned aerial vehicle is connected with the camera through the connecting assembly; s2, image acquisition: acquiring a photographic image through aerial photography according to the requirements of the relevant air route; s3, data acquisition: establishing a three-dimensional model for the processed image in the space-three encrypted area, generating a DEM, generating a digital ortho-image according to the DEM, and collecting topographic information; s4, data processing: converting and vectorizing the acquired data format, editing unreasonable data, inputting an orthoimage to generate an image map and outputting the image map; the invention discloses a data acquisition and processing method which replaces the traditional manual measurement technology and improves the stability and accuracy of measurement data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional mapping, in particular to an acquisition and processing method based on three-dimensional topographic mapping data.
Background
The topographic survey refers to the operation of surveying and mapping a topographic map, which is the work of measuring the position and the elevation of the ground features on the earth surface and the terrain on a horizontal plane, reducing the height according to a certain proportion, drawing a topographic map by using symbols and marks, and the topographic map surveying and mapping is helpful for knowing the condition of the land in an area and is convenient for planning and constructing the land.
Use camera and cooperation unmanned aerial vehicle's additional action to measure when measuring the topography usually, replace manual measurement, saved a large amount of manual operations when improving the precision, nevertheless owing to be in the high air, unmanned aerial vehicle receives the natural factor to influence great, and the camera may take place to rock in the measurement process, leads to measured data inaccurate, leads to the mapping data to produce great error.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a surveying and mapping data acquisition and processing method for acquiring topographic information by combining stable and accurate digital photogrammetry with a computer technology to replace the traditional manual measurement technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a three-dimensional topographic mapping data-based acquisition and processing method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, data preparation: planning and determining a detection area, and selecting a photographing scale and photographing equipment, wherein the photographing equipment comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a camera and a connecting assembly, and the unmanned aerial vehicle and the camera are connected through the connecting assembly;
s2, image acquisition: acquiring a photographic image through aerial photography according to the requirements of the relevant air route;
s3, data acquisition: establishing a three-dimensional model for the processed image in the space-three encrypted area, generating a DEM, generating a digital ortho-image according to the DEM, and collecting topographic information;
s4, data processing: and converting and vectorizing the acquired data format, editing unreasonable data, inputting the orthoimage to generate an image map and outputting the image map.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the step S2 is performed by setting a plurality of photographing devices to simultaneously divide the detection area for photographing and acquiring the image.
The invention preferably adopts the technical scheme that flow guide ports are arranged on two sides of the top cover of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the step S1, and the end part of the top cover of the unmanned aerial vehicle is arc-shaped.
The invention has the preferable technical scheme that the connecting assembly comprises a fixing plate arranged on the inner wall of a groove at the lower end of the unmanned aerial vehicle, mounting brackets are clamped at two sides of the camera, and an anti-shake device is arranged between the mounting brackets and the fixing plate.
The anti-shake device comprises a mounting groove arranged on one side of the mounting bracket, a plurality of groups of clamping assemblies are slidably arranged on the inner wall of the mounting groove, a connecting plate mounted in the mounting groove is clamped between the clamping assemblies, a connecting rod is arranged at one end of the connecting plate, one end of the connecting rod, far away from the connecting plate, penetrates through the fixing plate and is slidably connected with the fixing plate, and a spring is connected between the connecting plate and the fixing plate.
The invention has the preferable technical scheme that the clamping assembly comprises a sliding groove formed in the inner wall of the mounting groove, a limiting groove is formed in the inner wall of the sliding groove, a pressing piece is connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove in a sliding mode, a clamping plate is arranged at one end of the pressing piece, a limiting spring is arranged between the clamping plate and the pressing piece, and a limiting rod connected with the limiting groove in a sliding mode is arranged on the outer wall of the pressing piece.
The invention preferably adopts the technical scheme that one side of the mounting bracket, which is far away from the camera, is connected with two groups of limiting plates which are spliced with each other in a sliding manner, the adjacent sides of the two groups of limiting plates are provided with semicircular holes with the diameter smaller than that of the connecting plate, and fastening screws are arranged between the limiting plates and the mounting bracket.
The preferred technical solution of the present invention is that the generation of the DEM in step S3 needs to go through three steps of digital image orientation, digital image matching and DEM data interpolation.
The invention preferably adopts the technical scheme that in the step 3, the digital ortho-image is obtained after the correction is carried out by utilizing a collinear equation correction method according to the obtained DEM data.
In the present invention, it is preferable that in step S1, the boundary of the aerial image detection region coincides with the outline of the figure, and the difference in the terrain height in each section is not greater than one-fourth of the aerial height.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the unmanned aerial vehicle photography technology to combine with the full digital photography workstation, replaces the traditional surveying and mapping operation mode, greatly reduces the intensity of field work, and shortens the field measurement time; through the matching of the anti-shake device and the mounting bracket, the stability of camera clamping is improved, the camera is prevented from shaking due to the influence of wind power during high-altitude shooting, the accuracy of measured data is improved, and the probability of rework and compensation is reduced; the method comprises the steps of planning the aerial image data in business logic, namely dividing aerial tapes, storing the aerial image data in digital equipment, providing visual touch operation, and facilitating use and management of the image data; based on the basic principles of digital images and photogrammetry, the image topographic map is obtained by applying computer technology, digital image processing, digital image matching and the like, and the method has high automation degree and high product precision.
The invention provides a surveying and mapping data acquisition and processing method for acquiring topographic information by combining stable and accurate digital photogrammetry with a computer technology and replacing the traditional manual measurement technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle for acquiring photographic influence according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the anti-shake apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure at a in fig. 2 according to the present invention.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1. an unmanned aerial vehicle; 11. a flow guide port; 2. a camera; 3. a connecting assembly; 31. a fixing plate; 32. mounting a bracket; 321. a limiting plate; 322. fastening screws; 323. a semicircular hole; 4. an anti-shake device; 41. mounting grooves; 42. a clamping assembly; 421. a chute; 422. a limiting groove; 423. pressing parts; 424. a clamping plate; 425. a limiting spring; 426. a limiting rod; 43. a connecting plate; 44. a connecting rod; 45. a spring.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
A three-dimensional topographic mapping data-based acquisition and processing method comprises the following steps: s1, data preparation: planning and determining a detection area, and selecting a photographing scale and photographing equipment, wherein the photographing equipment comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle 1, a camera 2 and a connecting assembly 3, and the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 and the camera 2 are connected through the connecting assembly 3; the planned detection area is divided according to the requirement, the area span of aerial photography is divided as large as possible under the condition that the course is in a fiber weaving flight, the camera 2 can ensure stable photography in the flight process of the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 through the connecting component 3, the shake caused by natural factors in the flight process is reduced, and the accuracy of measured data is ensured; s2, image acquisition: acquiring a photographic image through aerial photography according to the requirements of the relevant air route; the shooting process is in linear flight according to the designed altitude and course, 6-8 image control points are arranged along the edge according to the arrangement of a flight path, a middle check point can be additionally arranged, for each image control point, a puncture hole needs to be punched in an image, the diameter of the puncture hole of the image control point is 0.1mm, and the shot image is checked and processed through a full-digital shooting workstation, wherein the checking and processing comprises image rotation, image filtering, feature extraction, image matching and the like; s3, data acquisition: establishing a three-dimensional model for the processed image in the space-three encrypted area, generating a DEM, generating a digital orthoimage according to DEM data, and collecting topographic information; the method comprises the steps of taking a shot image as original data by utilizing air triangulation software, constructing an air triangulation network, guiding image control points into a full-digital photography workstation to perform overall adjustment of an area, obtaining external orientation elements and encryption results, constructing a full-digital photography measurement model according to the external orientation elements, pouring space triangular encryption results, automatically matching and generating a DEM through the full-digital photography workstation, performing digital differential correction on the original data by utilizing DEM data, and performing seamless splicing on a model orthographic image of a test area by utilizing an automatically generated mosaic line to complete a digital orthographic image; s4, data processing: converting and vectorizing the acquired data format, editing unreasonable positions of data, inputting an orthoimage to generate an image map and outputting the image map, checking the acquired data, modifying or deleting the unreasonable data, supplementing the missing data, and supplementing and measuring the precision which does not meet the requirement of the imaging precision.
As a possible implementation manner of this solution, preferably, in the step S2, the captured image may be obtained by setting a plurality of photographing devices to simultaneously perform division photographing on the detection area to obtain the image, so as to ensure the integrity of the valid interval data, and can be used to supplement data that is lacking in the later period, reduce the occurrence of the situation that the data needs to be re-supplemented, and improve the validity of the measurement data.
As a possible embodiment of this scheme, it is preferred, unmanned aerial vehicle 1 ' S in step S1 top cap both sides are provided with water conservancy diversion mouth 11, just unmanned aerial vehicle 1 ' S top cap tip is circular-arcly, and unmanned aerial vehicle 1 flight process receives influences such as strong wind, disperses the air current through the water conservancy diversion hole, dredges wind-force, improves the stability of unmanned aerial vehicle 1 flight, reduces rocking of camera 2 to make camera 2 can gather clear image data, guarantee initial measured data ' S quality, improve measuring accuracy.
As a possible embodiment of this scheme, it is preferred, coupling assembling 3 including set up in the fixed plate 31 of 1 lower extreme recess inner wall of unmanned aerial vehicle, the 2 both sides of camera centre gripping has installing support 32, installing support 32 with be provided with anti-shake device 4 between the fixed plate 31, the installing support 32 cooperation anti-shake device 4's of both sides setting makes camera 2 can resist certain wind-force at the image shooting in-process, improves the stability that the image was shot, guarantees to shoot the clarity of image, provides the guarantee for data acquisition, obtains effective measured data.
As a possible implementation manner of this solution, preferably, the anti-shake apparatus 4 includes an installation groove 41 disposed on one side of the installation bracket 32, a plurality of sets of clamping assemblies 42 are slidably disposed on an inner wall of the installation groove 41, a connection plate 43 mounted on the installation groove 41 is clamped between the clamping assemblies 42, a connection rod 44 is disposed at one end of the connection plate 43, one end of the connection rod 44 away from the connection plate 43 passes through the fixing plate 31 and is slidably connected with the fixing plate 31, a spring 45 is connected between the connection plate 43 and the fixing plate 31, the connection plate 43 is mounted between the clamping assemblies 42, and the installation bracket 32 is stably clamped on both sides of the camera 2 by using the elastic force of the spring 45, so as to reduce the shake of the camera 2 when encountering strong wind during the image capturing process, and have a good damping effect, so that the camera 2 can collect measurement data with clear quality meeting the requirement, the error of the measured data is reduced.
As a possible implementation manner of this solution, preferably, the clamping assembly 42 includes a sliding groove 421 formed on an inner wall of the mounting groove 41, the inner wall of the sliding groove 421 is formed with a limiting groove 422, a pressing member 423 is slidably connected to an inner wall of the sliding groove 421, one end of the pressing member 423 is provided with a clamping plate 424, a limiting spring 425 is arranged between the clamping plate 424 and the pressing member 423, an outer wall of the pressing member 423 is provided with a limiting rod 426 slidably connected to the limiting groove 422, the clamping plate 424 enables the connecting plate 43 to be fixed in the mounting groove 41 under the elastic force of the limiting spring 425, when the camera 2 encounters strong wind and other conditions during shooting, the clamping force of the clamping plate 424 can reduce the shake generated by the connecting plate 43, and the limiting spring 425 is an elastic force generated by keeping the connecting plate 43 stable, so as to further enable the mounting bracket 32 to strengthen the clamping and fixing effects on the camera 2, the stability of the camera 2 and the safety of the camera shooting at high altitude are improved, and the accuracy of the acquired data is ensured, so that important guarantee is provided for obtaining subsequent topographic maps.
As a possible implementation manner of this scheme, it is preferred, installing support 32 keeps away from camera 2 one side sliding connection has two sets of limiting plate 321 of splicing each other, and is two sets of limiting plate 321 is pressed close to one side each other and is provided with the diameter and is less than one side semicircular hole 323 of connecting plate 43, limiting plate 321 with be provided with fastening screw 322 between the installing support 32, the diameter that sets up through limiting plate 321 is less than semicircular hole 323 of connecting plate 43, prevents to take the in-process connecting plate 43 to fixed plate 31 certain removal, and design through semicircular hole 323 is spacing to connecting plate 43, guarantees the stability of the mounted position of connecting plate 43 to make camera 2 of both sides installing support 32 centre gripping keep in the high altitude stable and safe shooting, improve initial data measurement's accuracy.
As a possible implementation manner of the present disclosure, preferably, in the step S3, the generation of the DEM needs to go through three steps of digital image orientation, digital image matching and DEM data interpolation, and the DEM is automatically generated by the all-digital photography workstation according to the image matching data, the orientation parameters, the parameters for establishing the DEM, and the like; the digital image orientation comprises digital image internal orientation, relative orientation and absolute orientation, and various orientation parameters required are obtained through the digital image orientation; the image matching is that a certain number of image points with the same name are distributed at the overlapping part of the stereopair, and corresponding ground coordinates are obtained by the coordinates of the image points, the coordinates of the right image and the orientation parameters of the stereopair and are used as known data points for generating the regular grid-shaped DEM; and selecting a proper DEM data interpolation method, and generating a regular grid-shaped DEM according to the known data points.
As a possible implementation manner of the present disclosure, preferably, in step 3, the cutting and splicing is performed according to the obtained DEM data and a given range, or the working diagram DEM is corrected by using a collinear equation correction method, and after the cutting is performed through the orthorectification and the mosaic, a digital orthoimage is obtained.
As a possible embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, it is preferable that the boundary of the aerial photography detection area coincides with the outline of the figure, and the terrain height difference in the subarea is not greater than one-fourth of the aerial height, so as to ensure complete effective range data in the aerial photography detection area and accurate initial data measurement.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The present invention is not to be limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and other embodiments that fall within the scope of the claims of the present application are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A collection processing method based on three-dimensional topographic mapping data is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, data preparation: planning and determining a detection area, and selecting a photographing scale and photographing equipment, wherein the photographing equipment comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle (1), a camera (2) and a connecting assembly (3), and the unmanned aerial vehicle (1) and the camera (2) are connected through the connecting assembly (3);
s2, image acquisition: acquiring a photographic image through aerial photography according to the requirements of the relevant air route;
s3, image processing: scanning a photographic image through an image scanner, measuring a divided navigation area through aerial triangulation software, carrying out image control point arrangement, thorn selection and measurement, drawing an analytic aerial three-dimensional encrypted primary image of the image, carrying out tone drawing, supplementary measurement, modification and inspection on the primary image, and finally storing;
s3, data acquisition: establishing a three-dimensional model for the processed image in the space-three encrypted area, generating a DEM, generating a digital ortho-image according to the DEM, and collecting topographic information;
s4, data processing: and converting and vectorizing the acquired data format, editing unreasonable data, inputting the orthoimage to generate an image map and outputting the image map.
2. The method for acquiring and processing three-dimensional topographic and mapping data as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in the step S2, the captured image may be acquired by setting a plurality of photographing devices to simultaneously perform the divided photographing on the detection area.
3. The method for acquiring and processing three-dimensional topographic and mapping data as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the top cap both sides of unmanned aerial vehicle (1) in S1 are provided with water conservancy diversion mouth (11), just the top cap tip of unmanned aerial vehicle (1) is circular-arc.
4. The method for acquiring and processing three-dimensional topographic and mapping data as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
coupling assembling (3) including set up in fixed plate (31) of unmanned aerial vehicle (1) lower extreme recess inner wall, camera (2) both sides centre gripping has installing support (32), installing support (32) with be provided with anti-shake device (4) between fixed plate (31).
5. The method for acquiring and processing three-dimensional topographic and mapping data as claimed in claim 4, wherein:
anti-shake device (4) include mounting groove (41) that installing support (32) one side set up, the inner wall of mounting groove (41) slides and is provided with a plurality of groups centre gripping subassembly (42), the centre gripping has between centre gripping subassembly (42) install in connecting plate (43) of mounting groove (41), the one end of connecting plate (43) is provided with connecting rod (44), connecting rod (44) are kept away from connecting plate (43) one end is passed fixed plate (31), and with fixed plate (31) sliding connection, connecting plate (43) with be connected with spring (45) between fixed plate (31).
6. The method for acquiring and processing three-dimensional topographic and mapping data as claimed in claim 5, wherein:
the clamping assembly (42) comprises a sliding groove (421) formed in the inner wall of the mounting groove (41), a limiting groove (422) is formed in the inner wall of the sliding groove (421), a pressing piece (423) is connected to the inner wall of the sliding groove (421) in a sliding mode, a clamping plate (424) is arranged at one end of the pressing piece (423), a limiting spring (425) is arranged between the clamping plate (424) and the pressing piece (423), and a limiting rod (426) connected with the limiting groove (422) in a sliding mode is arranged on the outer wall of the pressing piece (423).
7. The method for acquiring and processing three-dimensional topographic and mapping data as claimed in claim 5, wherein:
keep away from installing support (32) camera (2) one side sliding connection has two sets of limiting plate (321) of splicing each other, and is two sets of limiting plate (321) press close to one side each other and are provided with the diameter and are less than semicircle orifice (323) of connecting plate (43), limiting plate (321) with be provided with fastening screw (322) between installing support (32).
8. The method for acquiring and processing three-dimensional topographic and mapping data as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the generation of the DEM in S3 needs to go through three steps of digital image orientation, digital image matching and DEM data interpolation.
9. The method for acquiring and processing three-dimensional topographic and mapping data as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
and in the S3, correcting by utilizing a collinear equation correction method according to the obtained DEM data to obtain a digital ortho-image.
10. The method for acquiring and processing three-dimensional topographic and mapping data as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in S1, the boundary of the aerial image detection region coincides with the contour line, and the difference in the terrain height in the division area is not greater than one-fourth of the aerial height.
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| CN114353758A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-15 | 福州鹏翔勘测设计有限公司 | Method for surveying and mapping terrain based on BIM |
| CN115200556A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-10-18 | 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司 | High-altitude mining area surveying and mapping method and device, and storage medium |
| CN117128937A (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2023-11-28 | 山东慧宇航空遥感技术有限公司 | Unmanned aerial vehicle for aerial photogrammetry and measurement method thereof |
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| CN115200556A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-10-18 | 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司 | High-altitude mining area surveying and mapping method and device, and storage medium |
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