CN114353752B - Vibration isolation support for static level installation and design method thereof - Google Patents
Vibration isolation support for static level installation and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vibration isolation support for installing a static level and a design method thereof, which can effectively reduce interference of liquid level oscillation on measuring the static level. The vibration isolation support for installing the static level is an adjustable passive vibration isolation support, the static level is placed on the vibration isolation support, the liquid level oscillation phenomenon caused by environmental pulsation and vehicle excitation can be effectively eliminated, the accuracy of bridge safety monitoring is enhanced, high-reliability analysis data are provided for subsequent bridge operation state evaluation, the health condition of a bridge is truly reflected, unnecessary maintenance cost is reduced, and the maintenance cost of the bridge in the whole life cycle can be effectively reduced. The invention solves the problem that the liquid level oscillation easily occurs in the liquid level in the communicating pipe of the static level instrument when the static level instrument is adopted to monitor the bridge deflection in the existing bridge, and the monitoring accuracy is affected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a vibration isolation support for static level installation and a design method thereof.
Background
Deflection is an important parameter for monitoring and evaluating bridge safety. In order to master whether abnormal deformation occurs in the bridge structure, multipoint synchronous dynamic monitoring is very necessary for deflection.
The measuring method for the bridge deflection comprises an inclinometer method, a high-speed photography method, a total station method, a GPS observation method, a static leveling observation method and the like. The static leveling instrument has the characteristics of synchronous detection of multiple measuring points, high precision, wide application range, small environmental interference, high cost performance and the like.
The response of the liquid medium is generally considered to lag behind the bridge deflection, the dynamic characteristics are poor, and the current static leveling method is only suitable for static measurement. After the liquid level in the communicating pipe of the static level gauge changes due to structural deformation, liquid level oscillation phenomenon can occur at the same time, the liquid level often needs to wait for a long time to reach a new balance state, and adverse effects can be caused on the accuracy and the applicability of the communicating pipe type displacement measuring system. In order to reduce the interference of liquid level oscillation on a measuring system, the invention designs an adjustable passive vibration isolation support, and a static level gauge is placed on the vibration isolation support to eliminate the liquid level oscillation phenomenon caused by environmental pulsation and vehicle excitation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects existing in the prior art, the vibration isolation support for installing the static level gauge and the design method thereof are provided at present, so that the problem that the monitoring accuracy is affected by liquid level oscillation easily occurs in the liquid level in a communicating pipe of the static level gauge when the bridge deflection is monitored by the static level gauge in the prior bridge is solved.
In order to achieve the above object, a design method of a vibration isolation support for installing a static level is provided, which comprises the following steps:
a. collecting excellent frequency of mounting points of a static level of a bridge;
b. calculating the design natural frequency of the vibration isolation support based on the preset frequency ratio of the natural frequency of the vibration isolation support of the static level to the excellent frequency;
c. determining a designed dynamic stiffness of the vibration isolation mount based on the designed natural frequency;
d. calculating to obtain the designed mechanical impedance of the vibration isolation support based on the designed natural frequency and the designed dynamic stiffness;
e. based on the designed mechanical impedance, the stiffness coefficient of the spring is obtained through a first mechanical impedance model of the vibration isolation support in a mode of connecting a plurality of springs in parallel, and the damping coefficient of the rubber pad is obtained through a second mechanical impedance model of the vibration isolation support in a mode of connecting a plurality of springs in series with the rubber pad;
f. based on the rigidity coefficient of the spring and the damping coefficient of the rubber pad, selecting corresponding springs and rubber pads to test the vibration isolation support;
g. the actual natural frequency, the actual dynamic stiffness and the liquid level oscillation effect of the static level are actually measured, if the liquid level oscillation effect can be eliminated, the vibration isolation support is put into use, if the liquid level oscillation effect cannot be eliminated, the preset frequency ratio is adjusted, and the steps b to g are repeated until the liquid level oscillation effect of the static level can be eliminated by the test vibration isolation support.
Further, the preset frequency ratio is:
(1) Wherein p is the dominant frequency, f 1 Is the natural frequency of the vibration isolation support.
Further, the dynamic stiffness is:
(2) Wherein D is the damping ratio of the vibration isolation support.
Further, the first mechanical impedance model is:
(3) Wherein c is the viscous damping coefficient of the combination of a plurality of springs, c i Is the viscous damping coefficient, k, of a single spring s Stiffness coefficient, k, for a plurality of spring combinations si The stiffness coefficient of a single spring, p is the excellent frequency;
the viscous damping coefficient is:
(4) Wherein P is i For the load of the vibration-isolation mount, k i For dynamic stiffness of vibration isolation support, f i Is the natural frequency of the vibration isolation support under a certain load, D i For the damping ratio of the vibration isolation support under a certain load, g is an imaginary unit of gravitational acceleration j, namely the mechanical impedance is real or complex, and the vibration isolation support comprises phase informationInformation (i.e., representing mechanical resistance and including both resistance level and phase information of the support to force).
Further, the damping ratio of the vibration isolation support is:
(5) Wherein P is the load of the vibration isolation support, and omega is the angular acceleration.
Further, the second mechanical impedance model is:
further, the step of collecting the excellent frequency of the installation point of the bridge's static level comprises:
and actually measuring the environmental pulsation and driving vibration excitation information of the mounting points, carrying out corresponding frequency spectrum analysis, and recording the main frequency band information of vibration excitation affecting each mounting position of the bridge, thereby completing the investigation of the environmental vibration source.
Further, the investigation of the environmental vibration source comprises a vibration source type, an order, a direction and a frequency range.
The invention provides a vibration isolation support designed by adopting a design method of the vibration isolation support for static level installation, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a base;
the rubber pad is laid on the lower part of the base;
the cover plate is used for installing the static level and is arranged above the base; and
the springs are vertically arranged, the lower ends of the springs are connected to the upper portion of the base, and the upper ends of the springs are supported and connected to the lower portion of the cover plate.
The vibration isolation support for the installation of the static level and the design method thereof have the beneficial effects that the interference of liquid level oscillation on the measurement of the static level can be effectively reduced. The vibration isolation support for installing the static level is an adjustable passive vibration isolation support, the static level is placed on the vibration isolation support, the liquid level oscillation phenomenon caused by environmental pulsation and vehicle excitation can be effectively eliminated, the accuracy of bridge safety monitoring is enhanced, high-reliability analysis data are provided for subsequent bridge operation state evaluation, the health condition of a bridge is truly reflected, unnecessary maintenance cost is reduced, and the maintenance cost of the bridge in the whole life cycle can be effectively reduced.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention.
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The invention provides a vibration isolation support for static level installation, which comprises the following components: base, rubber pad, apron and a plurality of spring.
Specifically, the rubber pad is laid in the lower part of base. The cover plate is arranged above the base
The cover plate is used for installing a static level. The springs are uniformly distributed between the base and the cover plate. Each spring is disposed vertically. The lower end of the spring is connected with the upper part of the base. The upper end support of the spring is connected to the lower part of the cover plate.
As a preferred embodiment, the number of the springs is three, and the three springs are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the cover plate. The three springs are arranged in a central symmetry way by taking the plane center of the cover plate as a symmetry center.
In this embodiment, the vibration isolation mount for use in a hydrostatic level installation of the present invention is installed on a bridge structure, and the hydrostatic level installation is the upper portion of the cover plate of the vibration isolation mount for use in a hydrostatic level installation of the present invention. Three screws are uniformly distributed on the base and used for adjusting the height levelness of the level.
In order to reduce the transmission of external vibration to the static level, the static level is arranged on a vibration isolation base to isolate the static level from a bridge structure, so that the static level is passively isolated. In the vibration isolation design, parameters and structural types of the vibration isolation base are determined according to the size, the direction and the frequency of vibration quantity of a vibration source and the size, the weight and the vibration isolation requirement of vibration isolation machinery. After the natural frequency of the vibration isolation base is determined, the number and rigidity of the vibration isolators can be calculated according to the weight of the vibration isolation system and the required compression amount, and therefore the proper vibration isolation base is selected.
Specifically, the invention provides a design method of a vibration isolation support for installing a static level, which comprises the following steps: .
a: the excellent frequency of the mounting points of the bridge's hydrostatic level is collected.
The step S1 comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out corresponding frequency spectrum analysis on the environmental pulsation and driving vibration excitation information of the mounting points of the actually measured static level, and recording the main frequency band information of vibration excitation affecting each mounting position of the bridge, thereby completing the investigation of the environmental vibration source.
Wherein investigation of the environmental vibration source includes vibration source category, magnitude, direction and frequency range.
b: the design natural frequency is calculated and obtained based on the preset frequency ratio of the natural frequency of the vibration isolation support of the static level gauge to the excellent frequency.
The weight and vibration isolation requirements of the static level gauge are calculated according to the preset frequency ratio lambda being more than or equal to 1.1-10, and the type, the assembly mode and parameters (damping coefficient and rigidity) of the vibration damper are selected.
To simplify the calculation, it is assumed that the device center of gravity of the hydrostatic level coincides with the geometric center. Specifically, the frequency ratio is expressed as:
(1) Wherein p is the dominant frequency, f 1 Is the natural frequency of the vibration isolation support.
c: the design dynamic stiffness k of the vibration isolation mount is determined based on the design natural frequency.
Wherein, dynamic stiffness is expressed as:
(2) Wherein D is the damping ratio of the vibration isolation support.
d: and calculating to obtain the designed mechanical impedance of the vibration isolation support based on the designed natural frequency and the designed dynamic stiffness of the vibration isolation support.
The designed mechanical impedance of the vibration isolation support is preliminarily determined based on the natural frequency f and the dynamic stiffness k of the vibration isolation support.
e: based on designed mechanical impedance, the stiffness coefficient of the spring is obtained through a first mechanical impedance model of the vibration isolation support in a mode of connecting a plurality of springs in parallel, and the damping coefficient of the rubber pad is obtained through a second mechanical impedance model of the vibration isolation support in a mode of connecting a plurality of springs and the rubber pad in series.
In this embodiment, the plurality of springs are arranged in parallel in a manner that the plurality of springs are arranged between the cover plate and the base side by side, and at this time, the rigidity of the rubber pad of the vibration isolation support is negligible. The vibration isolation support is provided with a plurality of springs and rubber pads in series connection, and the damping effect of the springs can be ignored.
Therefore, after the springs are connected in parallel, the first mechanical impedance model of the vibration isolation support is:
(3) Wherein c is the viscous damping coefficient of the combination of a plurality of springs, c i Is the viscous damping coefficient, k, of a single spring s Stiffness coefficient, k, for a plurality of spring combinations si The stiffness coefficient of a single spring, p is the excellent frequency;
the viscous damping coefficient is:
(4) Wherein P is i For the load of the vibration-isolation mount, k i For dynamic stiffness of vibration isolation support, f i Is the natural frequency of the vibration isolation support under a certain load, D i For the damping ratio of the vibration isolation support under a certain load, g is gravitational acceleration, j is an imaginary unit, namely the mechanical impedance is real or complex, and phase information is contained (namely the mechanical impedance is contained, and the resistance degree of the support to force and the phase information are contained).
The damping ratio of the vibration isolation support is as follows:
(5) Wherein P is the load of the vibration isolation support, and omega is the angular acceleration.
The effect of wider adjusting frequency range can be obtained by adopting a mode of connecting a plurality of springs with rubber pads in series, and a second mechanical impedance model of the vibration isolation support is as follows:
the design of the vibration isolation support adopts the design of parallel-serial combination of rubber and steel springs, and the vibration isolation coefficient of the vibration isolation support is calculated by adopting semi-active vibration isolation adjustment of different working parameters.
f: based on the stiffness coefficient of the spring and the damping coefficient of the rubber pad, the corresponding spring and rubber pad are selected to trial manufacture the vibration isolation support.
The model of the corresponding spring and the form of the rubber pad can be determined according to the rigidity coefficient of the spring and the damping coefficient of the rubber pad.
After determining the type, number and form of the springs, the vibration isolation mounts are trial-manufactured.
g. The actual natural frequency, the actual dynamic stiffness and the liquid level oscillation effect of the static level are actually measured, if the liquid level oscillation effect can be eliminated, the vibration isolation support is put into use, if the liquid level oscillation effect cannot be eliminated, the preset frequency ratio is adjusted, and the steps b to g are repeated until the liquid level oscillation effect of the static level can be eliminated by the test vibration isolation support.
The vibration isolation effect (i.e. the liquid level oscillation effect of the static level is eliminated) is tested by using an instrument. If the vibration isolation effect is poor, the preset frequency ratio is required to be adjusted, and the steps b to g are repeated until the test vibration isolation support can eliminate the liquid level vibration effect of the static level.
The design key points of the design method of the vibration isolation support for installing the static level are as follows: firstly, the environmental vibration source is to be checked, which comprises the vibration source category, magnitude, direction, frequency range and other items; secondly, calculating according to the weight and vibration isolation requirements of the static level and the frequency ratio lambda being more than or equal to 1.1-10, and selecting the type, the assembly mode and parameters (damping coefficient and rigidity) of the vibration damper; finally, checking the vibration isolation effect by using an instrument test, and checking and calculating the vibration isolation coefficient.
The vibration isolation support for installing the static level is convenient to install, wide in vibration isolation frequency band, high in applicability, good in observation effect and low in cost.
When the vibration isolation support is designed, parameters and structural types of the vibration isolation support are determined according to the size, the direction and the frequency of vibration quantity of a vibration source and the size, the weight and the vibration isolation requirement of vibration isolation machinery. After the natural frequency of the vibration isolation support is determined, the number and the rigidity of the springs of the vibration isolation support can be calculated according to the weight of the hydrostatic level and the required compression amount so as to determine the proper vibration isolation support.
The vibration isolation support for installing the static level gauge can effectively reduce interference of liquid level oscillation on measuring the static level gauge. The vibration isolation support for installing the static level is an adjustable passive vibration isolation support, the static level is placed on the vibration isolation support, the liquid level oscillation phenomenon caused by environmental pulsation and vehicle excitation can be effectively eliminated, the accuracy of bridge safety monitoring is enhanced, high-reliability analysis data are provided for subsequent bridge operation state evaluation, the health condition of a bridge is truly reflected, unnecessary maintenance cost is reduced, and the maintenance cost of the bridge in the whole life cycle can be effectively reduced.
The vibration isolation support mounting and debugging method for the static level gauge mounting comprises the following steps:
1. checking whether the top surface level and the height of each measuring point meet the design requirements;
2. checking whether the route of the communicating pipe of the static level meets the design requirement;
3. firstly, flushing a main body container of the static level and a plastic communicating pipe by using water and distilled water;
4. the instrument main body is arranged on a cover plate (steel plate) of a measuring point vibration isolation support, a leveling instrument is vertically and alternately arranged on the upper surface of the cover plate, and a screw rod and a screw are adjusted to enable the surface of the hydrostatic leveling instrument to be horizontal and meet the requirements of high Cheng Manzu;
5. connecting the static level with a communicating pipe system, slowly injecting SG solution from a terminal instrument, and removing all bubbles in the pipe;
6. the communicating pipe needs to be properly protected;
7. all gases in the pipe are discharged;
8. placing the float in the body container of the hydrostatic level;
9. the top cover plate provided with the vibrating wire sensor is arranged on the main body container;
10. the static level is protected by a special protection box and is arranged on the shock insulation support;
11. after the installation is finished, a special 4-core shielding cable is used for welding reserved wires of the vibrating wire sensor, and insulation treatment is carried out;
12. the liquid of the communicating pipe is not selected from common liquid, the actual situation in the field and the temperature below the freezing point in winter can be noticed, and the proper special liquid with the antifreezing performance is selected;
13. level and other methods should be used to review the relative datum points. The rechecking can be generally carried out for 3-6 months;
14. the relative reference point measurement should be made as required by the grade level.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is presented as a description of the principles of the technology being utilized. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the scope of the invention referred to in this application is not limited to the specific combinations of features described above, but it is intended to cover other embodiments in which any combination of features described above or equivalents thereof is possible without departing from the spirit of the invention. Such as the above-described features and technical features having similar functions (but not limited to) disclosed in the present application are replaced with each other.
Claims (4)
1. The design method of the vibration isolation support for installing the static level is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. collecting excellent frequency of mounting points of a static level of a bridge;
b. calculating the design natural frequency of the vibration isolation support based on the preset frequency ratio of the natural frequency of the vibration isolation support of the static level to the excellent frequency;
c. determining a designed dynamic stiffness of the vibration isolation mount based on the designed natural frequency;
d. calculating to obtain the designed mechanical impedance of the vibration isolation support based on the designed natural frequency and the designed dynamic stiffness;
e. based on the designed mechanical impedance, the stiffness coefficient of the spring is obtained through a first mechanical impedance model of the vibration isolation support in a mode of connecting a plurality of springs in parallel, and the damping coefficient of the rubber pad is obtained through a second mechanical impedance model of the vibration isolation support in a mode of connecting a plurality of springs in series with the rubber pad;
f. based on the rigidity coefficient of the spring and the damping coefficient of the rubber pad, selecting corresponding springs and rubber pads to test the vibration isolation support;
g. b, actually measuring the actual natural frequency and the actual dynamic stiffness of the test vibration isolation support and eliminating the liquid level oscillation effect of the static level gauge, if the actual natural frequency and the actual dynamic stiffness of the test vibration isolation support can be eliminated, putting the vibration isolation support into use, and if the actual natural frequency and the actual dynamic stiffness of the vibration isolation support cannot be eliminated, adjusting the preset frequency ratio and repeating the steps b to g until the test vibration isolation support can eliminate the liquid level oscillation effect of the static level gauge;
the preset frequency ratio is as follows:
(1) Wherein p is the dominant frequency, f 1 The natural frequency of the vibration isolation support;
the dynamic stiffness is as follows:
(2) Wherein D is the damping ratio of the vibration isolation support;
the first mechanical impedance model is:
(3) Wherein c is the viscous damping coefficient of the combination of a plurality of springs, c i Is the viscous damping coefficient, k, of a single spring s Stiffness coefficient, k, for a plurality of spring combinations si The stiffness coefficient of a single spring, p is the excellent frequency;
the viscous damping coefficient is:
(4) Wherein P is i For the load of the vibration-isolation mount, k i For dynamic stiffness of vibration isolation support, f i Is the natural frequency of the vibration isolation support under a certain load, D i The damping ratio g is the gravity acceleration of the vibration isolation support under a certain load;
the damping ratio of the vibration isolation support is as follows:
(5) Wherein P is the load of the vibration isolation support, and omega is the angular acceleration.
2. The method of designing a vibration isolation mount for a hydrostatic level installation according to claim 1, wherein the step of collecting the excellent frequency of the mounting points of the bridge's hydrostatic level comprises:
and actually measuring the environmental pulsation and driving vibration excitation information of the mounting points, carrying out corresponding frequency spectrum analysis, and recording the main frequency band information of vibration excitation affecting each mounting position of the bridge, thereby completing the investigation of the environmental vibration source.
3. The method of designing a vibration isolation mount for a hydrostatic level installation according to claim 2, wherein the investigation of the environmental vibration source includes vibration source category, magnitude, direction and frequency range.
4. A vibration-isolation mount designed by the design method of a vibration-isolation mount for use in a hydrostatic level installation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:
a base;
the rubber pad is laid on the lower part of the base;
the cover plate is used for installing the static level and is arranged above the base; and
the springs are vertically arranged, the lower ends of the springs are connected to the upper portion of the base, and the upper ends of the springs are supported and connected to the lower portion of the cover plate.
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