CN114352188B - Slide valve type valve control mechanism capable of improving working performance of hydraulic impactor - Google Patents
Slide valve type valve control mechanism capable of improving working performance of hydraulic impactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN114352188B CN114352188B CN202111664845.7A CN202111664845A CN114352188B CN 114352188 B CN114352188 B CN 114352188B CN 202111664845 A CN202111664845 A CN 202111664845A CN 114352188 B CN114352188 B CN 114352188B
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000692569 Stylephorus chordatus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 description 35
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of drilling and well drilling machinery, and in particular relates to a slide valve type valve control mechanism capable of improving the working performance of a hydraulic impactor, which comprises the following components: the lower end of the impact hammer and the anvil of the impact anvil are arranged in the inner hole of the lower cylinder sleeve; the parts are arranged in an outer tube of the hydraulic impactor, the upper end of the outer tube is connected with an upper joint through threads, and the upper part of the upper joint is connected with a drill rod through threads; the lower end of the outer tube is connected with an impact anvil, and the lower end of the impact anvil is connected with a drill bit or a drilling tool; the impact hammer reciprocates up and down, periodically strikes the impact anvil, and the striking force is transmitted to a drilling tool or a drill bit connected with the impact anvil through the impact anvil to perform rock breaking work. The hydraulic impactor disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the working reliability of the hydraulic impactor is effectively improved, the water energy utilization rate is improved, and the working performance of the hydraulic impactor is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of drilling and well drilling machinery, and particularly relates to a slide valve type valve control mechanism capable of improving the working performance of a hydraulic impactor.
Background
The valve type double-acting hydraulic impactor is the most studied hydraulic impactor and is the most widely applied hydraulic impactor. The auxiliary rock crushing tool is arranged on a rotary drilling tool and is widely applied to the field of drilling and well drilling. The drill bit is beneficial to improving drilling efficiency, improving core sampling rate, preventing broken rock stratum from blocking a drilling tool, prolonging service life of the drill bit and controlling drilling deflection. The hydraulic hammer is characterized in that a pressure difference generated by area difference or jet negative pressure entrainment is utilized to enable a movable valve to reach an upper limit position before a hammer, then the hammer ascends to collide with the movable valve to be closed, a waterway channel is closed, so that huge water impact pressure is generated in an upper cavity of an impactor, the water impact pressure acts on the hammer and the upper end face of the movable valve to generate downward thrust, the hammer is pushed to move downwards together with the movable valve, the movable valve stops moving under the action of a lower limit device, the hammer continues to move downwards for a section of free travel under the action of inertia force to strike an anvil, and the process is circularly reciprocated to perform impact work.
The valve control mechanism of the existing valve type double-acting hydraulic impactor has the following problems: (1) The impact hammer generates rigid collision with the movable valve at the end of return stroke, the longer the stroke is, the larger the impact hammer mass is, the faster the impact hammer return speed is, the more intense the collision is, the valve seat and the movable valve are often damaged, and the hydraulic impactor cannot work normally to interrupt construction; (2) In practical application, the valve control mechanism of the existing hydraulic impactor technology can cause the phenomena of loose closing of a plunger and a movable valve, advanced separation of a plunger and a valve, advanced return stroke of the plunger and the valve and the like due to the reasons of processing matching quality, viscosity of flushing liquid, sand content and the like, so that the problems of unstable impact frequency, small impact energy, low water energy utilization rate, reduced working performance of the impactor and the like are caused; (3) The valve control mechanism of the existing hydraulic impactor technology has the advantages that the valve stroke and the stroke are fixed values, and after the impact hammer returns to contact with the movable valve, a large amount of energy is consumed on the violent collision of the hammer valve, and even the upward striking force is larger than the downward striking force.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a slide valve type valve control mechanism capable of improving the working performance of a hydraulic impactor, which solves the technical defects of rigid collision of a valve control mechanism hammer and a valve, frequent damage of a valve seat and a movable valve and unstable performance of the impactor in the existing hydraulic impactor technology, improves the working reliability of the hydraulic impactor, improves the water energy utilization rate and improves the working performance of the hydraulic impactor.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention comprises the following steps:
a spool valve operated mechanism for improving the performance of a hydraulic impactor, said spool valve operated mechanism comprising: the lower end of the impact hammer and the anvil of the impact anvil are arranged in the inner hole of the lower cylinder sleeve; the parts are arranged in an outer tube of the hydraulic impactor, the upper end of the outer tube is connected with an upper joint through threads, and the upper part of the upper joint is connected with a drill rod through threads; the lower end of the outer tube is connected with an impact anvil, and the lower end of the impact anvil is connected with a drill bit or a drilling tool; the impact hammer reciprocates up and down, periodically strikes the impact anvil, and the striking force is transmitted to a drilling tool or a drill bit connected with the impact anvil through the impact anvil to perform rock breaking work.
The tail ends of the threads at the upper end and the lower end of the outer tube are provided with inner holes and limiting steps which are concentric with the size and the diameter of the threads; the upper guide sleeve is arranged at the inner hole at the upper part of the outer tube and positioned through a limiting step, and the outer diameter of the upper guide sleeve is matched with the inner hole in a matched and mounted manner in a sliding and sealing manner; the circumference of the upper guide sleeve is provided with side drain holes, and when the hammer and the slide valve reciprocate, fluid in the upper cavity is discharged and supplemented through the side drain holes.
The slide valve limiting pad and the outer diameter of the upper cylinder sleeve are equal in diameter, are sequentially arranged in an inner hole at the upper part of the upper guide sleeve, and the bottom is limited and fixed by an inner hole step of the upper guide sleeve; the outer circle of the upper cylinder sleeve is in sliding sealing fit with an inner hole at the upper part of the upper guide sleeve, and the upper end surfaces of the two parts are flush after the two parts are installed in place; the lower end face of the upper joint is bonded and pressed with the upper end faces of the upper cylinder sleeve and the upper guide sleeve, and a sealing ring is designed in the middle of the upper joint, the upper cylinder sleeve and the upper guide sleeve to prevent fluid leakage and pressure relief.
The slide valve type valve control mechanism adopts a core valve type structure, the outer circle of the slide valve is in a shape with two small ends and a large middle unequal diameter, the slide valve is provided with a central water through hole, the bottom is closed, and the near bottom end is provided with a lateral water hole; the outer circle of the upper end of the slide valve is in sliding sealing fit with the inner hole of the upper cylinder sleeve, and the slide valve moves up and down along the inner hole of the upper cylinder sleeve; the upper part of the slide valve is provided with a ring groove, the ring groove part is arranged in a U-shaped clamping groove of the limiting pad, the outer diameter of the groove is in clearance fit with the small diameter part of the slide valve ring groove by 0.1 mm-1.0 mm, and the slide valve can freely move up and down in the U-shaped clamping groove; when the slide valve moves up and down, the valve stroke H is limited and controlled by the upper and lower shoulders of the ring groove and the upper and lower planes of the limiting pad.
When the slide valve is installed, the annular groove at the upper part of the slide valve is arranged in the U-shaped groove of the limiting pad, then the slide valve is inserted into the central hole at the upper end of the impact hammer, and then the upper cylinder sleeve is pressed on the limiting pad.
The center of the impact hammer is provided with a drilling fluid channel, and the bottom of the impact hammer is provided with a lateral orifice. The outer diameter of the upper section of the impact hammer is in sliding fit with the inner hole of the upper guide sleeve, and the outer circle of the upper end of the rod body of the impact hammer is provided with a spline type longitudinal water guiding sand discharging groove, so that the friction area between the impact hammer and the inner hole wall of the upper guide sleeve can be reduced, and the blocking of mud sand in flushing fluid can be effectively prevented; the inner hole at the upper section of the impact hammer is in an unequal-diameter shape, the upper hole diameter is large, the lower hole diameter is small, an inner ring slotted hole with a larger hole diameter is processed between the two holes, and an annular cavity is formed by the inner ring slotted hole and the outer circle of the slide valve; an inner hole is arranged at the upper part of the inner ring slotted hole and is in sliding sealing fit with the thick diameter part of the slide valve to form a sliding fit sealing surface; an inner hole positioned at the lower part of the inner ring slotted hole is in sliding sealing fit with the outer circle of the lower end of the slide valve; the hole diameter of the upper part of the annular slot hole of the upper section of the hammer rod body is larger than that of the lower part, the two holes form an annular area difference along the projection of the center of the hammer from top to bottom; when the impact hammer moves upwards in a return stroke until the slide valve is inserted into the central water hole of the impact hammer), the central water channel is closed and generates water impact pressure, the water impact pressure acts on the annular area to push the impact hammer to quickly and downwards impact the impact anvil block to apply work; because the stressed annular area is smaller, the impact hammer has higher descending speed in the process of stroke movement, so that higher anvil striking end speed is obtained, and the impact power of the hydraulic impact device is improved.
In a free state before starting, the hydraulic impactor is in a lower position with the sliding valve and the impact hammer, the valve stroke of the sliding valve is H, a free stroke H is arranged between the lower end surface of the sliding valve and the upper end surface of a liquid through hole in the center of the impact hammer, and at the moment, the sliding valve of the sliding valve control mechanism and a waterway in the center of the impact hammer are in an open state; when drilling fluid is fed into the hydraulic impactor through a drill string connected with the upper joint, the fluid flow enters a central water hole of the impact hammer to an inner cavity of the lower cylinder sleeve through an annular channel formed by a free travel h between the slide valve and the impact hammer, and the inner cavity of the lower cylinder sleeve is a closed cavity, so that the fluid flow is forced to pass through an orifice and a throttling pressurizing effect is generated; the lower end of the slide valve is larger than the upper end of the slide valve, the mass of the slide valve is much lighter than that of the impact hammer, so that the slide valve rapidly ascends to the upper limit position of the slide valve of the limit pad to stop under the action of the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts, the impact hammer moves upwards under the action of the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts, the inner hole of the impact hammer which is in sliding sealing fit with the slide valve gradually approaches the lower end surface of the slide valve until the lower part of the slide valve is inserted into the central inner hole to close the liquid flow channel, the liquid flow is blocked, the water hammer effect is generated, and the pressure in the cavity above the closed position of the slide valve and the inner hole of the impact hammer rapidly rises; at the moment, the upper part of the slide valve is a high-pressure area, the lower part of the slide valve is a low-pressure area, the slide valve rapidly descends to the slide valve lower limit position of the limit pad under the action of the up-down pressure difference to stop, and the state is the state that the slide valve is inserted into the hammer punching hole and has the longest stroke; the central flow channel of the impact hammer is closed due to the insertion of the slide valve, the ascending speed is rapidly reduced to zero, water hammer is generated in the annular chamber of the annular slot hole at the upper section of the rod body of the impact hammer and the outer circle of the slide valve, the water hammer pressure acts on the annular area formed by unequal upper and lower apertures, and the impact hammer is pushed downwards to strike the impact anvil for acting; after hammering the anvil, the sliding valve is braked by the limit pad in a limit way to pull out the inner hole, the free gap h of the valve hammer is restored, the liquid flow channel is opened, the sliding valve and the hammer start a new round of upward return movement, so that the hammer continuously strikes the anvil to generate impact energy, and the impact energy is transmitted to the drill bit to crush rock.
The slide valve type valve control mechanism realizes the closing and opening of the liquid flow channel by inserting and extracting the slide valve into the central water hole of the impact hammer, and has no rigid collision in the whole process, which is different from the prior valve control mechanism which closes the liquid flow channel by the rigid collision of the end face. In the upward return stroke and downward stroke movement processes of the impact hammer, the lower part of the slide valve can be freely inserted into or pulled out of the inner hole of the central liquid through hole of the impact hammer in sliding sealing fit with the slide valve; when the slide valve is inserted into the inner hole, the central liquid flow channel of the hydraulic impactor is closed and a huge water hammer pressure is generated to push the impact hammer to move downwards rapidly to impact the anvil block; when the slide valve is pulled out of the inner hole, a central liquid flow channel of the hydraulic impactor is opened, and the slide valve and the impact hammer start to move upwards in a return stroke manner; the return stroke and stroke length of the impact hammer are changed along with the energy of the input liquid flow, the hammer stroke is long when the energy of the input liquid flow is large, and the hammer stroke is short when the energy of the input liquid flow is small.
The inner hole of the lower cylinder sleeve is in sliding sealing fit with the outer circle of the lower end of the impact hammer, and the fit clearance is 0.05 mm-0.15 mm; the lower end of the impact hammer is equivalent to a piston and can slide up and down in an inner hole of the lower cylinder sleeve; the inner hole of the lower cylinder sleeve is in sliding sealing fit with the outer circle of the anvil block at the upper part of the impact anvil block; the lower cylinder sleeve is arranged at the inner hole of the tail part of the thread at the lower end of the outer tube, the two parts are in clearance sliding fit, and the lower cylinder sleeve is positioned through a limiting shoulder of the inner hole at the lower part of the outer tube; a spline type longitudinal water tank is processed on the outer circle of the lower cylinder sleeve, and a side drainage channel is formed between the spline type longitudinal water tank and an inner hole at the lower part of the outer tube.
The impact anvil block is arranged at the lower end of the outer tube and connected with a drill bit or a drilling tool through threads; the center of the impact anvil is provided with a non-through center water hole, the upper shoulder positions the lower cylinder sleeve, and an oblique side water drain hole is processed along the circumference of the shoulder and is communicated with the center water drain hole.
An annular cavity is formed between the outer diameter of the impact hammer and the inner diameter of the outer tube, and a spline type longitudinal water tank on the outer surface of the lower cylinder sleeve and a side water drain hole at the shoulder of the impact anvil block are communicated with the annular cavity and a central water hole of the impact anvil block.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the sliding valve type valve control mechanism realizes the closing and opening of the liquid flow channel by inserting and extracting the sliding valve into the central hole of the impact hammer, has no rigid collision in the whole process, avoids the phenomenon that the impact device cannot be normally used due to the damage of valve control parts caused by the rigid collision, is beneficial to prolonging the service life of hydraulic impact valve control parts, reducing the failure rate and improving the working stability of the hydraulic impact device;
2. the slide valve type valve control mechanism has the characteristics of fixed slide valve stroke and dynamic change of the stroke of the impact hammer, and the return stroke and the stroke length of the impact hammer are changed along with the size of the input liquid flow energy, so that the liquid flow energy is utilized to the greatest extent, and higher impact energy is generated;
3. according to the invention, the water hammer pressure acts on the stress surface of the annular hammer to push the impact hammer to move downwards to strike the anvil block to do work, and the stress annular area is small, so that the impact hammer obtains high downlink impact speed during stroke movement, and the impact work is improved;
4. the invention has simple structure, easy processing and convenient disassembly, assembly, use and maintenance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a spool valve type valve control mechanism according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a slide valve type valve control mechanism according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an upper joint; 2. a seal ring; 3. a cylinder sleeve is arranged; 4. a limit pad; 5. an upper guide sleeve; 6. a slide valve; 7. a punch hammer; 8. an outer tube; 9. a cylinder sleeve is arranged; 10. impacting the anvil; 11. a central through hole of the upper joint; 12. the lower end surface of the upper joint; 13. an inner bore; 15. a first side drain hole; 16. an upper inner bore; 17. a longitudinal water guiding sand discharging groove; 18. a second side drain hole; 19. an outer circle at the lower end; 20. a lower internal bore; 22. an annular cavity; 23. a drilling fluid flow path; 24. a lateral orifice; 26. a limit shoulder; 27. a hammer lifting groove; 29. a side drainage channel; 30. a water discharge hole; 31. a central drain hole.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the slide valve-controlled mechanism assembly of the present invention is mounted within an outer tube 8 between a hydraulic impactor upper fitting 1 and an impact anvil 10. The spool valve control mechanism includes: the device comprises an upper joint 1, a sealing ring 2, an upper cylinder sleeve 3, a limiting pad 4, an upper guide sleeve 5, a slide valve 6, a punch hammer 7, an outer tube 8, a lower cylinder sleeve 9 and an impact anvil block 10.
The upper joint 1 is positioned above the outer tube 8, the upper joint 1 is in screw thread rigid connection with the outer tube 8, the upper part of the upper joint 1 is connected with a drill rod, and drilling fluid enters the impactor through a central through hole 11 of the upper joint. An inner hole and a limiting step which are concentric with the thread in size and diameter are machined at the lower part of the connecting thread of the outer tube 8, the upper guide sleeve 5 is placed into the inner hole from the upper opening of the outer tube 8, the outer diameter of the upper guide sleeve 5 is matched with the inner hole of the outer tube 8 in a sliding sealing manner, and the upper guide sleeve 5 is positioned through the limiting step of the inner hole of the outer tube 8. The circumference of the upper guide sleeve 5 is provided with a first side drain hole 15, the punch hammer 7 is sleeved on the periphery of the slide valve 6, and when the punch hammer 7 and the slide valve 6 move up and down, the fluid in the upper cavity is discharged and supplemented through the first side drain hole 15.
The slide valve limiting pad 4 and the outer diameter of the upper cylinder sleeve 3 are equal in diameter, are sequentially arranged in an inner hole at the upper part of the upper guide sleeve 5, and the installation position is limited and fixed by an inner hole step of the upper guide sleeve 5; the outer circle of the upper cylinder sleeve 3 is in sliding sealing fit with an inner hole at the upper part of the upper guide sleeve 5, and the upper end surfaces of the two parts are flush; the lower end face 12 of the upper joint 1 is bonded and pressed with the upper end faces of the upper cylinder sleeve 3 and the upper guide sleeve 5, and a sealing ring 2 is arranged in the middle of the lower end face 12, the upper cylinder sleeve 3 and the upper guide sleeve, so that fluid leakage and pressure relief are prevented.
The center of the slide valve 6 is provided with a water through hole, the bottom is closed, and the side surface of the lower section is provided with a second side water drain hole 18; the outer circular surface of the upper part of the slide valve 6 is in sliding sealing fit with the matching surface of the inner hole 13 of the upper cylinder sleeve 3; the outer circle of the upper section of the slide valve 6 is provided with a ring groove, the small diameter part of the ring groove is arranged in a U-shaped clamping groove of the limiting pad 4, the groove hole is in clearance fit with the small diameter outer diameter of the slide valve ring groove by 0.1 mm-1.0 mm, and the slide valve 6 can freely move up and down in the U-shaped clamping groove of the limiting pad 4; the valve stroke H (5 mm-50 mm) of the slide valve 6 moving up and down is limited and controlled by the upper and lower shoulders of the ring groove and the upper and lower planes of the limiting pad 4.
When the slide valve 6 is installed, the small diameter section of the annular groove at the upper part of the slide valve 6 is firstly placed in the U-shaped groove of the limiting pad 4, then the slide valve 6 is inserted into the central hole at the upper part of the punch hammer 7, the limiting pad 4 is installed at the limiting step of the inner hole at the upper part of the upper guide sleeve 5, and then the cylinder sleeve 3 is installed to press the limiting pad 4.
The ram 7 has a drilling fluid flow channel 23 in the center and a lateral orifice 24 in the bottom. The outer diameter of the upper section of the impact hammer 7 is in sliding fit with the inner hole of the lower part of the upper guide sleeve 5, and a longitudinal water guide sand discharge groove 17 is formed in the outer circle of the upper end of the impact hammer 7, so that friction between the impact hammer and the inner hole wall of the guide sleeve 5 can be reduced, and sediment in flushing fluid can be effectively prevented from blocking.
The upper section of the impact hammer 7 has a group of inner holes with unequal diameters, and an upper inner hole 16 positioned at the upper part of the inner ring slotted hole and a lower inner hole 20 positioned at the lower part of the inner ring slotted hole are respectively in sliding sealing fit with the middle thick-diameter section of the slide valve 6 and the outer circle 19 at the lower end; the aperture of the upper inner hole 16 is larger than that of the lower inner hole 20, the upper inner hole 16 and the lower inner hole 20 form an annular area difference along the projection of the center of the impact hammer 7 from top to bottom, and the annular area is the action area of the impact hammer 7; when the punch hammer 7 goes upward in a return stroke, the upper section of the punch hammer 7 moves upwards along the slide valve 6, when the lower part of the slide valve 6 approaches and is inserted into the lower inner hole 20, the lower end excircle 19 and the lower inner hole 20 form a seal, a central channel is closed, at the moment, the lower section of the slide valve 6 corresponds to a valve core, and the position of the lower inner hole 20 of the punch hammer 7 corresponds to a valve sleeve; the central flow channel is closed to generate water impact pressure, and the water impact pressure acts on the annular area of the hammer 7 to push the hammer 7 to move downwards at a high speed to impact the anvil 10 to apply work.
The lower cylinder sleeve 9 is positioned below the impact hammer 7, the lower cylinder sleeve 9 is sleeved on the periphery below the impact hammer 7, the inner hole of the lower cylinder sleeve 9 is in sliding sealing fit with the outer circle 19 at the lower end of the impact hammer 7, and the fit clearance is 0.05-0.15 mm. The lower end of the impact hammer 7 corresponds to a piston and can slide up and down in the lower cylinder sleeve 9.
The impact anvil block 10 is positioned below the lower cylinder sleeve 9, and the lower cylinder sleeve 9 is in sliding sealing fit with the impact anvil block 10.
The impact hammer 7 reciprocates up and down to periodically strike the impact anvil 10, and the striking force is transmitted to a drilling tool or a drill bit connected with the impact anvil 10 through the anvil 10 to perform rock breaking work.
The impact anvil 10 is in clearance fit with the inner hole at the end part of the outer tube 8, and the impact anvil 10 is installed in the inner hole at the end part of the outer tube 8 and is positioned by a limiting shoulder 26 of the inner hole at the lower part of the outer tube 8.
An annular cavity 22 is formed between the impact hammer 7 and the outer tube 8, a longitudinal water tank is processed on the outer circle of the lower cylinder sleeve 9, and a side drainage channel 29 is formed between the outer tube 8 and the longitudinal water tank. The punch hammer 7 has an orifice 24 in the lower portion thereof, and the drain hole 30 of the impact anvil 10 communicates with a central drain hole 31.
The sliding valve type valve control mechanism capable of improving the working performance of the hydraulic impactor has the following working processes:
FIG. 1 shows an initial working state of a slide valve type valve control mechanism capable of improving the working performance of a hydraulic impactor, wherein a slide valve 6 is suspended at a U-shaped groove position of a limiting pad 4, and a free travel distance h (3-30 mm) is formed between the lower end surface of the slide valve 6 and the upper end surface of an inner hole 20 at the lower part of a hammer 7. Fluid passes through the inner hole channel of the drill string, passes through the central through hole 11 of the upper joint 1, enters the central hole of the slide valve 6 through the central hole of the upper cylinder sleeve 3, flows out through the second side drain hole 18 at the lower part of the slide valve 6, passes through the annular channel formed by the free travel clearance h between the lower end surface of the slide valve 6 and the upper end surface of the inner hole 20 at the lower part of the impact hammer 7, enters the central water hole of the impact hammer 7 and enters the piston cavity of the lower cylinder sleeve 9, and because the lateral orifice 24 is arranged at the lower part of the impact hammer 7, the pressure of the lower cavity is increased under the throttling action of the orifice 24, and high-pressure liquid acts on the piston section at the lower end of the impact hammer 7 through the hammer lifting groove 27 at the lower end surface of the impact hammer 7. Since the ram 7 communicates with the annular cavity 22 of the outer tube 8 through the drain passage 29 outside the lower cylinder liner 9 and the drain hole 30 of the impact anvil 10 and the central water hole 31 of the impact anvil 10, the liquid flow in the annular cavity 22 communicates with the low pressure area outside the outer tube 8, and the liquid pressure generated by the lower end surface of the ram 7 in the lower cylinder liner 9 is greater than that generated by the outer side of the lower cylinder liner 9, so that the pressure difference is generated between the upper and lower ends of the slide valve 6 and the upper and lower ends of the ram 7. Since the mass of the slide valve 6 is far smaller than that of the punch hammer 7, the slide valve 6 moves upwards before the punch hammer 7 under the action of pressure difference, and when the slide valve 6 moves upwards to the lower plane of the lower land surface limiting pad 4 of the upper end ring groove of the slide valve, the slide valve 6 stops moving. Then, the ram 7 starts to move upwards under the action of the pressure difference, when the ram 7 moves to the position that the lower inner hole 20 of the ram 7 is in insertion fit with the lower end of the slide valve 6, the outer circular surface 19 of the lower end of the slide valve 6 is in sliding seal fit with the inner circular surface of the lower inner hole 20 of the ram 7, the central flow channel of the ram 7 is cut off, the annular space formed by the outer circular surface of the lower section of the slide valve 6 and the inner circular groove hole of the upper section of the ram 7, the interior of the slide valve 6 and the upper end surface of the slide valve 6 suddenly increase in fluid pressure (water hammer effect), and the slide valve 6 moves downwards rapidly until the upper circular groove shoulder surface of the slide valve 6 is in contact with the upper plane of the limit pad 4 due to the fact that the acting area of the downward water hammer pressure of the slide valve 6 is larger than the area of the upward water hammer pressure, the slide valve 6 is hung by the U-shaped groove of the limit pad 4, the slide valve 6 stops descending, and at the moment, the slide valve 7 gradually decelerates to zero due to the inertia upward speed, and the distance of the slide valve 6 is inserted into the lower inner hole 20 of the ram 7.
The slide valve type valve control mechanism of the invention is different from the valve control technology of the prior valve type double-acting hydraulic impactor in the process that: the slide valve type valve control mechanism of the invention has the advantages that the slide valve and the impact hammer move in opposite directions in the stroke stage, no rigid collision exists between the slide valve and the impact hammer, and the slide valve 6 is inserted into the inner hole 20 at the lower part of the impact hammer 7 to be matched with the slide valve in a sliding and sealing way so as to cut off a waterway channel; the hammer valve of the collision type valve control mechanism in the past moves in the same direction, has rigid collision, and closes and cuts off the waterway channel by the collision end face. When the slide valve 6 descends to the limit position of the limit pad 4 and stops descending, the water hammer pressure acts on the annular area formed by the upper inner hole 16 and the lower inner hole 20 of the annular groove at the upper section of the impact hammer 7, the impact hammer 7 is pushed to accelerate from zero to move in a descending stroke, the slide valve 6 is gradually pulled out of the lower inner hole 20 of the impact hammer 7, the impact hammer breaks away from the lower end face of the slide valve 6 under the action of inertia force to continue descending, the free stroke h is completed, the bottom of the impact hammer 7 strikes the anvil surface of the impact anvil 10 to generate impact force, and the impact force is transmitted to the drill bit through the impact anvil to perform broken rock acting. At this time, as the upper end face of the impact hammer 7 and the lower end face of the slide valve 6 are separated by a distance h, the central waterway of the impactor is opened, and the next working cycle is started, and the impact hammer 7 strikes the impact anvil 10 at a certain frequency and impact power, and is transmitted to the drill bit through the transmission device to perform rock breaking work. The slide valve type valve control mechanism overcomes the technical defect that the rigid collision of the hammer valve of the traditional valve type double-acting hydraulic impactor causes premature damage of parts, adopts a slide valve structure form, utilizes the slide valve to be inserted into and pulled out of a valve hole to control the water way to be cut off and opened, has no rigid collision in the stroke and return movement process, and the movement of the hammer valve in the return movement process is opposite movement and is different from the same-direction movement of the collision valve control mechanism; the return stroke and stroke travel of the ram vary with the energy level of the input stream: when the input energy is large, the return stroke and the stroke travel are long, and when the input energy is small, the return stroke and the stroke travel are short; the impact force piston of the impact hammer has small area, high descending movement speed, high anvil end impact speed and large impact work. The slide valve type valve control mechanism improves the working stability of the hydraulic impactor, prolongs the service life of hammer valve parts, improves the water energy utilization rate and improves the working performance of the hydraulic impactor.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. The invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
Claims (10)
1. A slide valve type valve control mechanism capable of improving the working performance of a hydraulic impactor is characterized in that: the spool valve mechanism includes: the device comprises an upper joint (1), an upper cylinder sleeve (3), a limit pad (4), an upper guide sleeve (5), a slide valve (6), a punch hammer (7), an outer tube (8) and an impact anvil block (10), wherein the lower end of the punch hammer (7) and the anvil block of the impact anvil block (10) are arranged in an inner hole of a lower cylinder sleeve (9); the upper end of the outer tube (8) is connected with the upper joint (1) through threads, and the upper part of the upper joint (1) is connected with a drill rod through threads; the lower end of the outer tube (8) is connected with an impact anvil block (10), and the lower end of the impact anvil block (10) is connected with a drill bit or a drilling tool; the impact hammer (7) reciprocates up and down, periodically strikes the impact anvil (10), and the striking force is transmitted to a drilling tool or a drill bit connected with the impact anvil (10) through the impact anvil to perform rock breaking work;
the slide valve type valve control mechanism adopts a core valve type structure, the outer circle of the slide valve (6) is in a shape with two small ends and a large middle unequal diameter, the slide valve (6) is provided with a central water through hole, the bottom is closed, and the near bottom end is provided with a lateral water hole (18); the outer circle of the upper end of the slide valve (6) is in sliding sealing fit with the inner hole of the upper cylinder sleeve (3), and the slide valve (6) moves up and down in a sliding way along the inner hole of the upper cylinder sleeve (3); the upper part of the slide valve (6) is provided with a ring groove, the ring groove part is arranged in a U-shaped clamping groove of the limiting pad (4), the groove hole is in clearance fit with the small diameter part of the ring groove of the slide valve (6) by 0.1 mm-1.0 mm, and the slide valve (6) can move up and down freely in the U-shaped clamping groove; when the slide valve (6) moves up and down, the valve stroke H is limited and controlled by the upper and lower shoulders of the annular groove and the upper and lower planes of the limiting pad (4).
2. A slide valve type valve control mechanism for improving the working performance of a hydraulic impactor as defined in claim 1, wherein: the thread tail ends of the upper end and the lower end of the outer tube (8) are provided with inner holes and limit steps which are concentric with the thread in size and diameter; the upper guide sleeve (5) is arranged at the inner hole at the upper part of the outer tube (8), and is positioned through a limiting step, and the outer diameter of the upper guide sleeve (5) is matched with the inner hole in a matched and mounted manner in a sliding and sealing manner; the circumference of the upper guide sleeve (5) is provided with a side drain hole (15), and when the impact hammer (7) and the slide valve (6) reciprocate, the fluid in the upper cavity is discharged and supplemented through the side drain hole (15).
3. A slide valve type valve control mechanism for improving the working performance of a hydraulic impactor as defined in claim 1, wherein: the slide valve limiting pad (4) and the upper cylinder sleeve (3) have the same diameter, are sequentially arranged in an inner hole at the upper part of the upper guide sleeve (5), and the bottom is limited and fixed by an inner hole step of the upper guide sleeve (5); the outer circle of the upper cylinder sleeve (3) is in sliding sealing fit with an inner hole at the upper part of the upper guide sleeve (5), and the upper end surfaces of the two parts are in a level shape after the two parts are installed in place; the lower end face (12) of the upper joint (1) is attached to and tightly pressed with the upper end faces of the upper cylinder sleeve (3) and the upper guide sleeve (5), and a sealing ring (2) is arranged in the middle of the upper joint, the upper cylinder sleeve and the upper guide sleeve to prevent fluid leakage and pressure relief.
4. A slide valve type valve control mechanism for improving the working performance of a hydraulic impactor as defined in claim 1, wherein: when the slide valve (6) is installed, the annular groove at the upper part of the slide valve (6) is arranged in the U-shaped groove of the limiting pad (4), then the slide valve (6) is inserted into the central hole at the upper end of the impact hammer (7), and then the upper cylinder sleeve (3) is pressed on the limiting pad (4).
5. A slide valve type valve control mechanism for improving the working performance of a hydraulic impactor as defined in claim 1, wherein: the center of the impact hammer (7) is provided with a drilling fluid flow channel (23), and the bottom is provided with a lateral orifice (24); the outer diameter of the upper section of the impact hammer (7) is in sliding fit with the inner hole of the upper guide sleeve (5), and the outer circle of the upper end of the rod body of the impact hammer (7) is provided with a spline type longitudinal water guiding sand discharging groove (17), so that the friction area between the impact hammer and the inner hole wall of the upper guide sleeve (5) can be reduced, and mud and sand in flushing fluid can be effectively prevented from blocking; the inner hole at the upper section of the impact hammer (7) is in an unequal diameter shape, the upper hole diameter is large, the lower hole diameter is small, an inner ring slotted hole is processed between the two holes, and an annular cavity is formed by the inner ring slotted hole and the outer circle of the slide valve (6); an upper inner hole (16) is arranged at the upper part of the inner ring slotted hole and is in sliding sealing fit with the thick diameter part of the slide valve (6) to form a sliding fit sealing surface; the lower inner hole (20) positioned at the lower part of the inner ring slotted hole is in sliding sealing fit with the outer circle (19) at the lower end of the slide valve (6); the hole diameter of the inner hole at the upper part of the annular slot hole at the upper section of the rod body of the impact hammer (7) is larger than that of the inner hole at the lower part, the two holes form an annular area difference along the projection of the center of the impact hammer from top to bottom; when the impact hammer (7) moves upwards in a return stroke until the slide valve (6) is inserted into an inner hole (20) at the lower part of the impact hammer (7), the central waterway is closed and generates water impact pressure, the water impact pressure acts on the annular area to push the impact hammer (7) to quickly and downwards impact the impact anvil (10) to do work; because the stress range of the annular area is smaller, the impact hammer (7) has higher descending speed in the process of stroke movement, thereby obtaining higher impact anvil end speed and being beneficial to improving the impact power of the hydraulic impact device.
6. A slide valve type valve control mechanism for improving the working performance of a hydraulic impactor as defined in claim 1, wherein: in a free state before the hydraulic impactor is started, the sliding valve (6) and the impact hammer (7) are both in a lower position, the valve stroke of the sliding valve (6) is H, a free stroke H is formed between the lower end surface of the sliding valve (6) and the upper end surface of an inner hole (20) at the lower part of the impact hammer (7), and at the moment, the sliding valve (6) of the sliding valve type valve control mechanism and a central waterway of the impact hammer (7) are in an open state; when drilling fluid is fed into the hydraulic impactor through a drill string connected with the upper joint (1), the fluid flow enters an inner cavity of a lower inner hole (20) of the impact hammer (7) to an inner cavity of a lower cylinder sleeve (9) through an annular channel formed by a free stroke h between the sliding valve (6) and the impact hammer (7), and the inner cavity of the lower cylinder sleeve (9) is a closed cavity, so that the fluid flow is forced to pass through an orifice (24) and a throttling pressurizing effect is generated; the lower end of the slide valve (6) is larger than the upper end of the slide valve, the weight of the slide valve is much lighter than that of the impact hammer (7), so that the slide valve (6) rapidly ascends to the upper limit position of the slide valve of the limit pad (4) before the impact hammer (7) is stopped under the action of the upper pressure difference and the lower pressure difference, the impact hammer (7) moves upwards under the action of the upper pressure difference and the lower pressure difference, the inner hole (20) at the lower part of the slide valve (7) in sliding sealing fit with the slide valve (6) gradually approaches to the lower end surface of the slide valve (6) until the lower part of the slide valve (6) is inserted into the central lower inner hole (20) to close a liquid flow channel, the liquid flow is blocked and a water hammer effect is generated, and the pressure in a cavity above the closing position of the slide valve (6) and the inner hole (20) at the lower part of the impact hammer (7) rapidly rises; at the moment, the upper part of the slide valve (6) is a high-pressure area, the lower part of the slide valve is a low-pressure area, the slide valve (6) rapidly descends to the slide valve lower limit position of the limit pad (4) under the action of the up-down pressure difference to stop, and the state is that the slide valve (6) is inserted into the lower inner hole (20) to have the longest stroke; the central flow channel of the impact hammer (7) is closed due to the insertion of the slide valve (6), the ascending speed is rapidly reduced to zero, water hammer is generated in the annular chamber of the upper section annular slot hole of the rod body of the impact hammer (7) and the outer circle of the slide valve (6), the water hammer pressure acts on the annular area formed by unequal upper and lower apertures, and the impact hammer (7) is pushed downwards to strike the impact anvil (10) to do work; after the impact hammer (7) strikes the anvil, the sliding valve (6) is braked by the limit pad (4) in a limit way to pull out the lower inner hole (20), the free gap h of the valve hammer is restored, the liquid flow channel is opened, the sliding valve (6) and the impact hammer (7) start a new round of upward return motion, and the impact hammer (7) continuously strikes the impact anvil (10) to generate impact energy, and the impact energy is transmitted to the drill bit to crush rock.
7. A slide valve type valve control mechanism for improving the working performance of a hydraulic impactor as defined in claim 1, wherein: the slide valve type valve control mechanism realizes the closing and opening of a liquid flow channel by inserting and extracting a lower inner hole (20) of a punch hammer (7) through a slide valve (6), and has no rigid collision in the whole process, which is different from the prior valve control mechanism which closes the liquid flow channel by the rigid collision of the end face; the lower part of the sliding valve (6) can be freely inserted into or pulled out of an inner hole (20) at the lower part of the impact hammer (7) in sliding sealing fit with the sliding valve (7) in the upward return stroke and downward stroke movement process of the impact hammer (7); when the slide valve (6) is inserted into the lower inner hole (20), the central flow channel of the hydraulic impactor is closed and a huge water hammer pressure is generated to push the impact hammer (7) to move downwards and rapidly to impact the anvil block (10); when the slide valve (6) is pulled out of the lower inner hole (20), a central liquid flow channel of the hydraulic impactor is opened, and the slide valve (6) and the impact hammer (7) start to move upwards in a return stroke mode; the return stroke and stroke length of the impact hammer (7) change along with the magnitude of the energy of the input liquid flow, the hammer stroke is long when the energy of the input liquid flow is large, and the hammer stroke is short when the energy of the input liquid flow is small.
8. A slide valve type valve control mechanism for improving the working performance of a hydraulic impactor as defined in claim 1, wherein: an inner hole of the lower cylinder sleeve (9) is in sliding sealing fit with the outer circle of the lower end of the impact hammer (7), and a fit clearance is 0.05-0.15 mm; the lower end of the impact hammer (7) is equivalent to a piston and can slide up and down in an inner hole of the lower cylinder sleeve (9); the inner hole of the lower cylinder sleeve (9) is in sliding sealing fit with the outer circle of the anvil block at the upper part of the impact anvil block (10); the lower cylinder sleeve (9) is arranged at the inner hole of the tail part of the screw thread at the lower end of the outer tube (8), the two parts are in clearance sliding fit, and the lower cylinder sleeve (9) is positioned through a limiting shoulder (26) of the inner hole at the lower part of the outer tube (8); a spline type longitudinal water tank (29) is processed on the outer circle of the lower cylinder sleeve (9) and a side drainage channel is formed between the spline type longitudinal water tank and an inner hole at the lower part of the outer tube (8).
9. A slide valve type valve control mechanism for improving the working performance of a hydraulic impactor as defined in claim 1, wherein: the impact anvil block (10) is arranged at the lower end of the outer tube (8), and is connected with a drill bit or a drilling tool through threads; the center of the impact anvil block (10) is provided with a non-through center drain hole (31), an upper shoulder positions the lower cylinder sleeve (9), and a drain hole (30) is processed along the circumference of the shoulder and communicated with the center drain hole (31).
10. A slide valve type valve control mechanism for improving the working performance of a hydraulic impactor as defined in claim 1, wherein: an annular cavity (22) is formed between the outer diameter of the impact hammer (7) and the inner diameter of the outer tube (8), and a spline type longitudinal water groove (29) on the outer surface of the lower cylinder sleeve (9) and a water draining hole (30) at the shoulder of the impact anvil (10) are used for communicating the annular cavity (22) with a central water draining hole (31) of the impact anvil (10).
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| CN114352188A (en) | 2022-04-15 |
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