CN114350087A - Preparation method of environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer for PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipes - Google Patents
Preparation method of environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer for PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A preparation method of an environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer for PVC pipes comprises the following steps: (1) mixing biodiesel with formic acid, heating and stirring to prepare epoxy fatty acid methyl ester; (2) mixing epoxy fatty acid methyl ester, calcium hydroxide and distilled water, and heating and stirring to obtain epoxy fatty acid calcium; (3) stirring the epoxy fatty acid calcium and the zinc stearate in proportion at constant temperature; (4) mixing the mixture stirred in the step (3) with epoxidized soybean oil in proportion, and preheating; (5) and (4) heating the mixture stirred in the step (4), adding beta-diketone, polyol ester and ultraviolet absorbent, stirring and mixing to obtain the calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer. The invention has simple production process and higher product quality; can effectively reduce the production cost. The preparation method can better improve the production efficiency and improve the thermal stability and mechanical property of the PVC product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of an environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer for PVC pipes, belonging to the technical field of stabilizers.
Background
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is widely used in various fields such as films, pipes, profiles and the like in industrial and agricultural production by virtue of its low price and excellent characteristics such as acid and alkali corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, flame retardance and the like. Although PVC has many advantages, it also has the disadvantage of poor thermal stability. In the processing of PVC resin, the processing temperature of hard PVC is about 180 ℃, and the processing of soft PVC also needs higher temperature. When the temperature is raised to about 140 ℃, the PVC resin is degraded to release HCL gas, and simultaneously, the original white color is changed into yellow color, and the color is continuously deepened into black color, so that the original physical and chemical properties of the plastic are lost, and the plastic no longer has practical value. Therefore, in the PVC processing process, processing aids such as heat stabilizers must be added to prevent PVC from being degraded in the processing process and being unusable. PVC heat stabilizers are widely varied, and mainly include lead salts, metal soaps (mainly calcium and zinc salts), organic tin and organic heat stabilizers. Metal soap heat stabilizers, particularly calcium-zinc heat stabilizers, are becoming mainstream products in heat stabilizers due to their advantages of being non-toxic, environment-friendly, moderate in price, good in stabilizing effect and the like.
However, the conventional methods for producing metal soaps mainly include double decomposition and direct methods. The double decomposition reaction method has the process defects of long reaction period, strong material corrosivity, difficult three-waste treatment and the like. The direct synthesis method has the disadvantages of difficult stirring in the later stage, incomplete reaction, difficult control of product quality and environmental protection.
At present, the industrial processing technology mostly adopts a double decomposition method using fatty acid as a raw material. Fatty acids such as oleic acid are easily oxidized and deteriorated in the air, and double bonds are broken to darken the eye color and turn yellow, which adversely affects the synthesis of metal soaps in the next step. The stearic acid, the palmitic acid and the fresh animal and vegetable oil are high in price, so that the production cost is not reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects, the invention provides a preparation method of an environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer for PVC pipes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a preparation method of an environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer for PVC pipes comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing biodiesel and formic acid, heating and stirring, adding a hydrogen peroxide solution into the mixed solution, and heating to react to obtain epoxy fatty acid methyl ester;
(2) mixing calcium hydroxide and distilled water, heating and stirring, and adding the epoxy fatty acid methyl ester prepared in the step (1) for reaction to prepare epoxy fatty acid calcium;
(3) stirring the epoxy fatty acid calcium and the zinc stearate in proportion at constant temperature;
(4) mixing the mixture stirred in the step (3) with epoxidized soybean oil in proportion, and preheating;
(5) and (4) heating the mixture stirred in the step (4), adding beta-diketone, polyol ester and ultraviolet absorbent, stirring and mixing to obtain the calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer.
Preferably, in the step (1), the ratio of the parts of the biodiesel to the formic acid is 11:1, the biodiesel and the formic acid are heated to 50-55 ℃ in a water bath, and the stirring speed is 180-200 r/min.
Preferably, the hydrogen peroxide solution in the step (1) is dripped into the mixed solution within 2 hours at a constant speed by a constant pressure funnel at a speed of 5-8 drops/min, and then the mixed solution is heated in a water bath to 60-65 ℃ for reaction for 4 hours; the part ratio of the hydrogen peroxide solution to the formic acid is 4-5: 1.
Preferably, in the step (2), the distilled water and the calcium hydroxide are mixed in proportion, heated to 95 ℃, and then added with the epoxy fatty acid methyl ester to be stirred and mixed for 4 hours.
Preferably, the parts ratio of the distilled water, the calcium hydroxide and the epoxy fatty acid methyl ester in the step (2) is as follows: 100:10:1.
Preferably, the ratio of the parts of the calcium epoxy fatty acid and the zinc stearate in the step (3) is 9:1, the stirring temperature is 40 ℃, and the stirring is carried out for 8-10 min.
Preferably, the ratio of the mixture to the epoxidized soybean oil in the step (4) is 2:1, the stirring speed is 100-150 r/min, the stirring temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the stirring is carried out for 1-1.5 hours.
Preferably, the part ratio of the mixture, the beta-diketone, the polyol ester and the ultraviolet absorbent in the step (5) is 10:1: 3-4: 1.
Preferably, the polyol ester is one of pentaerythritol ester or phosphorous diphenyl-pentaerythritol phosphite.
Preferably, the diphenyl phosphite-pentaerythritol phosphite is prepared by the reaction of pentaerythritol, triphenyl phosphite and potassium hydroxide at 200 ℃ for 1 hour; the part ratio of the pentaerythritol, the triphenyl phosphite and the potassium hydroxide is 30:60: 1.
The invention has simple production process and higher product quality; and water is used as a medium in the production process of the epoxy fatty acid calcium, and the water after reaction can be recycled, so that the production cost can be effectively lowered. In addition, no organic solvent or surfactant or catalyst is used in the preparation method, so that other complex post-treatment procedures can be avoided, and the production efficiency can be better improved. In addition, the preparation method adopts the mode of biodiesel to prepare the epoxy fatty acid calcium, can play a role in the preparation of common calcium-zinc stabilizers in the market, and can obviously improve the long-term thermal stability of PVC products. Meanwhile, the invention can strengthen the interaction between PVC molecular chains, so that the PVC product has better mechanical property.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of an environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer for PVC pipes comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing biodiesel and formic acid according to the part ratio of 11:1, heating in a water bath to 50 ℃, and stirring at the stirring speed of 180 r/min; then adding a hydrogen peroxide solution into the mixed solution for heating reaction, wherein the part ratio of the hydrogen peroxide solution to the formic acid is 4:1, the hydrogen peroxide solution is dripped into the mixed solution within 2h at a constant speed by a constant pressure funnel at a speed of 5 drops/min, and then the mixed solution is heated in a water bath to 60 ℃ for reaction for 4 h; preparing epoxy fatty acid methyl ester;
(2) mixing calcium hydroxide and distilled water, heating and stirring, and adding the epoxy fatty acid methyl ester prepared in the step (1) for reaction to prepare epoxy fatty acid calcium; mixing distilled water and calcium hydroxide in proportion, heating to 95 ℃, and then adding epoxy fatty acid methyl ester to stir and mix for 4 hours; the parts ratio of the distilled water, the calcium hydroxide and the epoxy fatty acid methyl ester is as follows: 100:10:1.
(3) Stirring the epoxy fatty acid calcium and the zinc stearate at the constant temperature of 40 ℃ for 8min according to the part ratio of 9: 1;
(4) mixing the mixture stirred in the step (3) with epoxidized soybean oil according to the part ratio of 2:1, preheating at 40-60 ℃, stirring at the speed of 100-150 r/min, and stirring for 1-1.5 h;
(5) and (3) heating the mixture stirred in the step (4), adding beta-diketone, polyol ester and ultraviolet absorbent, and stirring and mixing the mixture according to the part ratio of 10:1: 3-4: 1 to obtain the calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer.
Wherein the polyol ester is pentaerythritol ester.
Example 2
A preparation method of an environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer for PVC pipes comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing biodiesel and formic acid according to the part ratio of 11:1, heating in a water bath to 55 ℃, and stirring at the stirring speed of 200 r/min; then adding a hydrogen peroxide solution into the mixed solution for heating reaction, wherein the part ratio of the hydrogen peroxide solution to the formic acid is 5:1, the hydrogen peroxide solution is dripped into the mixed solution within 2h at a constant speed by a constant pressure funnel at a speed of 8 drops/min, and then the mixed solution is heated in a water bath to 65 ℃ for reaction for 4 h; preparing epoxy fatty acid methyl ester;
(2) mixing calcium hydroxide and distilled water, heating and stirring, and adding the epoxy fatty acid methyl ester prepared in the step (1) for reaction to prepare epoxy fatty acid calcium; mixing distilled water and calcium hydroxide in proportion, heating to 95 ℃, and then adding epoxy fatty acid methyl ester to stir and mix for 4 hours; the parts ratio of the distilled water, the calcium hydroxide and the epoxy fatty acid methyl ester is as follows: 100:10:1.
(3) Stirring the epoxy fatty acid calcium and the zinc stearate at the constant temperature of 40 ℃ for 10min according to the part ratio of 9: 1;
(4) mixing the mixture stirred in the step (3) with epoxidized soybean oil according to the part ratio of 2:1, preheating at 60 ℃, stirring at the speed of 150r/min, and stirring for 1.5 h;
(5) and (3) heating the mixture stirred in the step (4), adding beta-diketone, polyol ester and ultraviolet absorbent, and stirring and mixing the mixture according to the part ratio of 10:1: 3-4: 1 to obtain the calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer.
Wherein the polyol ester is diphenyl-pentaerythritol phosphite or phosphite. The diphenyl phosphite-pentaerythritol ester is prepared by the reaction of pentaerythritol, triphenyl phosphite and potassium hydroxide at 200 ℃ for 1 hour; the parts ratio of pentaerythritol, triphenyl phosphite and potassium hydroxide is as follows: 30:60:1.
Example 3
A preparation method of an environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer for PVC pipes comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing biodiesel and formic acid according to the part ratio of 11:1, heating in a water bath to 53 ℃, and stirring at the stirring speed of 190 r/min; then adding a hydrogen peroxide solution into the mixed solution for heating reaction, wherein the part ratio of the hydrogen peroxide solution to the formic acid is 4:1, the hydrogen peroxide solution is dripped into the mixed solution within 2h at a constant speed by a constant pressure funnel at a speed of 7 drops/min, and then the mixed solution is heated in a water bath to 63 ℃ for reaction for 4 h; preparing epoxy fatty acid methyl ester;
(2) mixing calcium hydroxide and distilled water, heating and stirring, and adding the epoxy fatty acid methyl ester prepared in the step (1) for reaction to prepare epoxy fatty acid calcium; mixing distilled water and calcium hydroxide in proportion, heating to 95 ℃, and then adding epoxy fatty acid methyl ester to stir and mix for 4 hours; the parts ratio of the distilled water, the calcium hydroxide and the epoxy fatty acid methyl ester is as follows: 100:10:1.
(3) Stirring the epoxy fatty acid calcium and the zinc stearate at the constant temperature of 40 ℃ for 9min according to the part ratio of 9: 1;
(4) mixing the mixture stirred in the step (3) with epoxidized soybean oil according to the part ratio of 2:1, preheating at 50 ℃, stirring at the speed of 130r/min, and stirring for 1 h;
(5) and (3) heating the mixture stirred in the step (4), adding beta-diketone, polyol ester and ultraviolet absorbent, and stirring and mixing the mixture according to the part ratio of 10:1: 3-4: 1 to obtain the calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer.
Wherein the polyol ester is in phosphorous diphenyl-pentaerythritol phosphite. The diphenyl phosphite-pentaerythritol ester is prepared by the reaction of pentaerythritol, triphenyl phosphite and potassium hydroxide at 200 ℃ for 1 hour; the parts ratio of pentaerythritol, triphenyl phosphite and potassium hydroxide is as follows: 30:60:1.
Example 4
A preparation method of an environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer for PVC pipes comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing biodiesel and formic acid according to the part ratio of 11:1, heating in a water bath to 55 ℃, and stirring at the stirring speed of 200 r/min; then adding a hydrogen peroxide solution into the mixed solution for heating reaction, wherein the part ratio of the hydrogen peroxide solution to the formic acid is 5:1, the hydrogen peroxide solution is dripped into the mixed solution within 2h at a constant speed by a constant pressure funnel at a speed of 7 drops/min, and then the mixed solution is heated in a water bath to 65 ℃ for reaction for 4 h; preparing epoxy fatty acid methyl ester;
(2) mixing calcium hydroxide and distilled water, heating and stirring, and adding the epoxy fatty acid methyl ester prepared in the step (1) for reaction to prepare epoxy fatty acid calcium; mixing distilled water and calcium hydroxide in proportion, heating to 95 ℃, and then adding epoxy fatty acid methyl ester to stir and mix for 4 hours; the parts ratio of the distilled water, the calcium hydroxide and the epoxy fatty acid methyl ester is as follows: 100:10:1.
(3) Stirring the epoxy fatty acid calcium and the zinc stearate at the constant temperature of 40 ℃ for 8min according to the part ratio of 9: 1;
(4) mixing the mixture stirred in the step (3) with epoxidized soybean oil according to the part ratio of 2:1, preheating at 55 ℃, stirring at the speed of 120r/min, and stirring for 1 h;
(5) and (3) heating the mixture stirred in the step (4), adding beta-diketone, polyol ester and ultraviolet absorbent, and stirring and mixing the mixture according to the part ratio of 10:1: 3-4: 1 to obtain the calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer.
Wherein the polyol ester is phosphorous diphenyl-pentaerythritol phosphite. The diphenyl phosphite-pentaerythritol ester is prepared by the reaction of pentaerythritol, triphenyl phosphite and potassium hydroxide at 200 ℃ for 1 hour; the parts ratio of pentaerythritol, triphenyl phosphite and potassium hydroxide is as follows: 30:60:1.
Weighing the components in parts by weight, and uniformly mixing 100 parts of PVC and 5 parts of heat stabilizer in proportion to respectively prepare samples 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4 and 1-5. And then, the sheet was opened at 190. + -. 2 ℃ for 5 minutes on an experimental plasticator (model 160) to draw a sheet having a thickness of 1.0mm, and a thermal stability experiment was conducted. The heat stabilizers used in samples 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 and 1-4 are the calcium-zinc heat stabilizers described in examples 1-4, respectively, and the heat stabilizer used in sample 1-5 is a calcium-zinc thermal composite stabilizer JCZ-711 common in the market.
Thermal stability experiments: the test pieces were cut into squares of 15 mm. times.15 mm according to GB/T9349-. Equipment used for the experiment: precision electronic scales and a thermal aging test box (model 401A). The specific method comprises the following steps: samples 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, and 1-5 were cut into pieces of a predetermined size, respectively. Then, the sample was put into a 185 ℃ heat aging test chamber, and the color change of the sample was observed and recorded every 10 min.
In the traditional mode, catalysts such as concentrated sulfuric acid and the like need to be added, so that the corrosion to equipment is high, three wastes are remained in the reaction process, and the environment is not protected. Different from the traditional mode for producing metal soap, the invention adopts biodiesel to carry out epoxidation reaction. The biodiesel (namely fatty acid methyl ester) is produced by ester exchange reaction of animal and vegetable oil and methanol, is a recycle of waste, has lower price, and can effectively reduce the process cost of metal soap. Meanwhile, the biodiesel is of a single-chain structure, the chain of the biodiesel is relatively stretched, the steric hindrance effect is small, the reaction can be realized without adding sulfuric acid as a catalyst, and the biodiesel is more environment-friendly. The invention has simple production process and higher product quality; and water is used as a medium in the production process of the epoxy fatty acid calcium, and the water after reaction can be recycled, so that the production cost can be effectively lowered. In addition, no organic solvent or surfactant or catalyst is used in the preparation method, so that other complex post-treatment procedures can be avoided, and the production efficiency can be better improved.
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the stability of the calcium-zinc heat stabilizer in the examples of the present invention is substantially the same as that of the comparative calcium-zinc heat stabilizer, which indicates that the preparation of the epoxidized fatty acid calcium by using the biodiesel according to the present invention can achieve the effect similar to that of the calcium-zinc stabilizer in the market. In addition, the epoxy group, which is an active group of the epoxidized soybean oil, has a synergistic effect with the epoxidized calcium fatty acid, has an absorption effect on HCL, and can improve the long-term thermal stability of PVC products.
1-white; 2-slight yellow; 3-yellow; 4-reddish; 5-light brown; 6-brown; 7-Black color
TABLE 1
Weighing the components in parts by weight, and uniformly mixing 100 parts of PVC and 5 parts of heat stabilizer in proportion to respectively prepare samples 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4 and 2-5. And open milling at 165 + -2 deg.C for 5min on a test plasticator (160 type), drawing out a sheet with a thickness of 1.0mm, and performing rheological property test and mechanical tensile property test. The heat stabilizers used in samples 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 and 2-4 are the calcium-zinc heat stabilizers described in examples 1-4, respectively, and the heat stabilizer used in sample 2-5 is a commercially common calcium-zinc thermal composite stabilizer JCZ-711.
Mechanical tensile property experiment: the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the prepared PVC test piece are tested on a universal testing machine by adopting an LSM003 plastic film tensile experiment method and using a standard cutter standard dumbbell type style according to the GB/T10404 and 2006 plastic tensile property testing standard. Equipment used for the experiment: electronic universal material tester (model CTM 8010). The specific method comprises the following steps: according to the proportion, samples 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4 and 2-5 are respectively prepared under different plastication time, the samples are cut into standard dumbbell shapes, the standard dumbbell shapes are placed on an electronic universal material testing machine for tensile test, and the Rathur speed is 200 mm/min.
As can be seen from Table 2, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the test pieces of the calcium-zinc heat stabilizer of the present invention are slightly greater than those of the comparative calcium-zinc heat stabilizer. The epoxy calcium soap contains polar epoxy groups, so that the interaction between PVC molecular chains is enhanced, and the PVC product has better mechanical property. Meanwhile, diphenyl phosphite-pentaerythritol ester can compound pentaerythritol and triphenyl phosphite serving as an organic auxiliary stabilizer, three alcoholic hydroxyl groups in pentaerythritol molecules and P (III) atoms in triphenyl phosphite are reserved, the function of the auxiliary stabilizer can be achieved, and the mechanical property of PVC products is further improved.
Table 2.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of an environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer for PVC pipes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing biodiesel and formic acid, heating and stirring, adding a hydrogen peroxide solution into the mixed solution, and heating to react to obtain epoxy fatty acid methyl ester;
(2) mixing calcium hydroxide and distilled water, heating and stirring, and adding the epoxy fatty acid methyl ester prepared in the step (1) for reaction to prepare epoxy fatty acid calcium;
(3) stirring the epoxy fatty acid calcium and the zinc stearate in proportion at constant temperature;
(4) mixing the mixture stirred in the step (3) with epoxidized soybean oil in proportion, and preheating;
(5) and (4) heating the mixture stirred in the step (4), adding beta-diketone, polyol ester and ultraviolet absorbent, stirring and mixing to obtain the calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer.
Preferably, in the step (1), the ratio of the parts of the biodiesel to the formic acid is 11:1, the biodiesel and the formic acid are heated to 50-55 ℃ in a water bath, and the stirring speed is 180-200 r/min.
2. The preparation method of the environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer for PVC pipes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrogen peroxide solution in step (1) is dropped into the mixed solution at a constant speed of 5-8 drops/min for 2 hours by using a constant pressure funnel, and then the mixed solution is heated in a water bath to 60-65 ℃ for reaction for 4 hours; the part ratio of the hydrogen peroxide solution to the formic acid is 4-5: 1.
3. The method for preparing the environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer for the PVC pipe material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the distilled water and the calcium hydroxide are mixed in proportion, heated to 95 ℃, and then added with the epoxy fatty acid methyl ester to be stirred and mixed for 4 hours.
4. The preparation method of the environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer for PVC pipes according to claim 1, wherein the distilled water, the calcium hydroxide and the epoxy fatty acid methyl ester in the step (2) are prepared in parts by weight: 100:10:1.
5. The preparation method of the environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer for PVC pipes according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of parts of the calcium epoxy fatty acid and the zinc stearate in step (3) is 9:1, the stirring temperature is 40 ℃, and the stirring is carried out for 8-10 min.
6. The preparation method of the environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer for PVC pipes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixture and the epoxidized soybean oil in the step (4) are mixed in a ratio of 2:1 in parts, the stirring speed is 100-150 r/min, the stirring temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the stirring is carried out for 1-1.5 hours.
7. The preparation method of the environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer for PVC pipes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the part ratio of the mixture, the beta-diketone, the polyol ester and the ultraviolet absorber in the step (5) is 10:1: 3-4: 1.
8. The method for preparing the environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer for the PVC pipe material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyol ester is one of pentaerythritol ester or phosphorous diphenyl phosphite-pentaerythritol ester.
9. The method for preparing the environment-friendly calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer for the PVC pipe material as claimed in claim 8, wherein the phosphorous phosphite diphenyl-pentaerythritol ester is prepared by reacting pentaerythritol, phosphorous phosphite triphenyl ester and potassium hydroxide at 200 ℃ for 1 h; the part ratio of the pentaerythritol, the triphenyl phosphite and the potassium hydroxide is 30:60: 1.
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2022
- 2022-01-27 CN CN202210100828.9A patent/CN114350087A/en active Pending
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| US3205250A (en) * | 1961-11-20 | 1965-09-07 | Hooker Chemical Corp | 3, 9-alkoxy and 3, 9-chloropropyl-2, 4, 8, 10-tetraoxa-3, 9-phosphospiro (6, 6) hendeanes |
| CN102093648A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-06-15 | 浙江海普顿化工科技有限公司 | Pasty calcium-zinc composite heat stabilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN107189258A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-09-22 | 苏州莱特复合材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of metal-based compound polychloroethylene heat stabilizer |
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