CN114345702B - Powder drop control device and method for additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Powder drop control device and method for additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of powder metallurgy, and provides a device and a method for controlling powder falling for additive manufacturing, wherein the device comprises a powder storage bin, a middle bin, a double-layer screen and a screen driving unit; the middle bin is arranged at the lower end of the powder storage bin and keeps the stability of the powder below the powder storage bin; the double-layer screen is arranged at the powder outlet at the bottom of the intermediate bin; the double-layer screens are mutually attached, and relative displacement parallel to the screen surface can be generated between the double-layer screens, so that interference is generated between the double-layer screens, the size of the through holes of the double-layer screens is changed, and the falling amount of powder is further controlled; the screen driving unit controls relative displacement between the double screens. The method for controlling powder falling comprises the following steps: calibration, powder falling start-stop control and powder falling rate control. Compared with the prior art, the device has the advantages of simple structure, strong controllability, controllable powder feeding speed, particularly fine powder control, convenient and efficient powder laying control and wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of powder metallurgy, in particular to a device and a method for controlling powder falling for additive manufacturing.
Background
With the development of the times, the additive manufacturing technology based on the discrete-stacking principle fully meets the requirements of future society for large-scale personalized customization with strong personalized manufacturing capability, and the traditional design and manufacturing approach of high-end equipment is overturned by the powerful support for design innovation, so that an unprecedented brand-new solution is formed, a large number of product concepts are revolutionarily changed, and the conversion of the national manufacturing industry from a transformation mode to an innovation driving development mode is assisted.
Among them, additive manufacturing based on a powder bed has advantages of high precision, no need of other supports, less powder waste, and the like, and thus is widely used. In additive manufacturing based on a powder bed, one important point is the placement of the powder bed, and the placement of the powder bed is mainly divided into two types, namely upper powder feeding and lower powder feeding. Although the lower powder feeding device is simple in structure, the occupied space is large, powder adding cannot be implemented in the printing process, the occupied space of the upper powder feeding device is small, and automation is easy to achieve. The existing upper powder feeding equipment mainly controls powder falling by means of rotation of the roller, when the roller rotates, powder in the bin moves along with a closed space formed by the toothed roller and the wall, but the problems that the mechanism is complex, the requirement on the precision of the equipment is high, the abrasion is easy, the powder is easy to leak or clamp, and the like exist. In addition, CN109803775a describes a method of laying powder by placing the powder outside a cylindrical net, dropping the powder by an air flow, or the like, but this method is complicated in equipment and requires high precision. In another powder laying mode described in 10.1016/j.cirp.2018.04.096, base powder is laid by feeding powder downwards, then the powder is sucked away by a powder negative pressure absorption device, and the powder is laid at a fixed point by a nozzle-shaped powder laying device controlled by ultrasonic waves and a micron tube, but only micro areas can be laid, a micro powder pile is formed, and the laying efficiency is low.
It is therefore desirable to develop a powder placement device that is low cost, efficient, uniform in placement, and easy to control.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to overcome at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a device and a method for controlled powder drop for additive manufacturing, which have the significant advantages of low cost, high efficiency and uniform placement, can be used for powder placement of powder feeding in additive manufacturing, can be used for powder metallurgy powder placement, and is particularly useful for the control of fine powders.
The invention proposes that when relative motion is applied to the two screens, the holes of the screens may coincide or interleave, thereby achieving powder drop control. Furthermore, through the combination of a screen, a driving device, a powder bin, a moving mechanism and the like, powder can be uniformly laid on a powder bed, and a template is arranged below the screen in an auxiliary mode, so that the powder bed has the potential of directional laying.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, the invention provides a powder drop control device for additive manufacturing, comprising a powder storage bin, a middle bin, a double-layer screen and a screen driving unit;
the middle bin is arranged at the lower end of the powder storage bin and is used for keeping the stability of powder below the powder storage bin; the double-layer screen is arranged at the powder outlet at the bottom of the intermediate bin;
the double-layer screen comprises an upper first screen and a lower second screen; the first screen and the second screen are mutually attached; the first screen and the second screen can generate relative displacement parallel to the screen surface, the size of the through hole of the double-layer screen is changed, and the falling amount of the powder is further controlled;
the screen drive unit is used for controlling the relative displacement between the first screen and the second screen.
Any of the above possible implementation manners further provides an implementation manner, and the mesh diameters of the first screen and the second screen are both greater than 2 times and less than 10 times of the average particle size of the powder, so that the control accuracy can be guaranteed.
Any of the possible implementations described above further provides an implementation in which the screen mesh may have round, square, or elongated mesh openings.
In any of the above possible implementations, there is further provided an implementation in which the relative displacement between the first screen and the second screen is generated by:
the first screen is fixed, and only the second screen generates displacement parallel to the screen surface;
or, the second screen is fixed, and only the first screen generates displacement parallel to the screen surface;
or the first screen and the second screen generate displacement parallel to the screen surface.
The screen mesh is provided with screen holes, and the screen holes are larger than the particle size of the powder; the relative movement of the double-layer screen is controlled, so that the aperture size of a through hole formed after the interference of the double-layer screen is controlled, and the powder flow rate is controlled. In addition, in the feeding state, when the screen driving unit moves the screens, the screen holes of the first screen and the second screen are overlapped to form a passage (passing hole) with a large aperture, and the powder falls through the passage and is deposited on the lower powder bed. In the stagnation state, the sieve drive unit causes the two sieves to be staggered, the two sieves interfere with each other, the aperture of the passage hole is small, and the powder stops falling.
In any of the possible implementations described above, there is further provided an implementation in which the screen drive unit includes two first drums, two second drums; the first drum and the second drum have different diameters and rotate coaxially; two ends of the first screen are respectively and fixedly connected to the two first rotary drums, and two ends of the second screen are respectively and fixedly connected to the two second rotary drums;
when the first drum and the second drum rotate coaxially, the diameter difference of the first drum and the second drum is utilized to form the displacement difference between the first screen and the second screen, and the relative displacement between the first screen and the second screen is accurately adjusted.
In any of the above possible implementations, there is further provided an implementation in which the screen driving unit is a motor or a piezoelectric ceramic, and directly drives the first screen and/or the second screen. For example, one of the first screen and the second screen is a fixed screen, and the other is a moving screen; the moving screen is directly connected with a piezoelectric ceramic, and the displacement of the screen is controlled with high precision by controlling the voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic.
In any of the above possible implementations, there is further provided an implementation in which the apparatus further includes a vibrating unit configured to vibrate the first screen and the second screen, so that the powder easily passes through the double-layer screen; the vibration unit may be attached to the double-deck screen and transmit vibration to the double-deck screen. By controlling the vibration unit, the powder flow rate can also be controlled in an auxiliary manner.
Any of the above possible implementation manners further provides an implementation manner, and the powder storage bin may be a funnel shape or other shape with an open top end and an open lower end.
As described above in any possible implementation manner, an implementation manner is further provided, the intermediate bin may be in a shape of a cuboid, a cylinder, or the like with upper and lower ends open, and the upper end is connected to the lower end opening of the powder storage bin.
Any one of the above possible implementations further provides an implementation, wherein the apparatus further comprises a template disposed at a lower portion of the double-layer screen for implementing a laying pattern of the powder or directional deposition of the powder; the template is a thin plate with square holes or holes with set patterns; the template is movable along a set path.
In any of the above possible implementations, there is further provided an implementation that the apparatus further includes a fixing unit located below the middle bin and configured to maintain the fit of the double-layer screen.
In any of the above possible implementations, there is further provided an implementation that the device is integrally disposed on a moving mechanism, and the device moves along a set path along with the moving mechanism.
In another aspect, the invention further provides a device for controlling powder laying, which comprises a moving mechanism and the powder falling control device for additive manufacturing.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a method of controlling powder drop for additive manufacturing, the method using the apparatus described above, the method comprising:
s1, calibration: the falling speed of the powder under various states is determined through experiments, wherein the various states comprise different powder types and control of different displacements and moving speeds of the first screen and the second screen by the screen driving unit;
s2, powder falling start-stop control: the screen driving unit controls the relative displacement of the first screen and the second screen, the size of the through holes of the double-layer screen is changed by interference, when the through holes of the double-layer screen are larger than the set aperture, powder falls through the double-layer screen, and when the through holes of the double-layer screen are smaller than the set aperture, the powder stops falling; the set aperture is determined experimentally;
s3, controlling the powder falling rate: the screen driving unit controls the falling rate of the powder by changing the aperture size of the through holes of the double-layer screen; or the vibration unit simultaneously enables the double-layer screen to vibrate, so that the falling speed of the powder is accelerated.
The powder may be a fine powder such as a metal powder, a ceramic powder, or an organic powder.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a method for additive manufacturing powder feeding, using the apparatus described above, the method comprising:
x1, preparation: placing the powder in a powder storage bin, arranging the devices on a moving mechanism, and placing the devices together at an initial position;
x2, powder paving: the moving mechanism drives the device to move along a set path, and meanwhile, the screen control unit controls the powder falling speed of the powder passing through the double-layer screen, so that the powder is uniformly laid on the powder bed;
x3, resetting: the screen control unit controls the interference of the double-layer screen, so that the passing hole of the double-layer screen is smaller than the set aperture, and the powder stops falling; the moving mechanism drives the device to return to the initial position.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
by introducing the double-layer screen, the interference between the two layers of screens is controlled, and the position of the screens is controlled, so that the powder flow can be further controlled. The device has the advantages of simple structure and strong controllability, can conveniently and efficiently control powder laying, and can be particularly used for fine powder laying.
In addition, a template can be introduced to the outer side of the screen, the pattern for laying the powder can be controlled, the template can be a plate with square holes or other patterns, and the direction for laying the powder can be controlled by controlling the movement of the template, so that the directional deposition of the powder can be further realized, and the multi-material powder laying can be realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an operation principle of a powder drop control device for additive manufacturing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the state of a double-layer screen in the example; a. the sieve pores are overlapped, and the aperture of each sieve pore is larger; b. the sieve holes are staggered and interfered, and the aperture of each sieve hole is smaller.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a screen drive unit in an embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a powder drop control device for additive manufacturing according to an embodiment.
In the figure: 1. a vibration unit; 2. a powder to be laid; 3. a powder bin; 4. a first screen; 5. a second screen; 6. a laid powder; 7. depositing a surface; 8. a screen drive unit; 8-1. A first drum; 8-2. A second drum; 9. a powder storage bin; 10. an intermediate bin; 11. and a fixing unit.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that technical features or combinations of technical features described in the following embodiments should not be considered as being isolated, and they may be combined with each other to achieve better technical effects. In the drawings of the embodiments described below, the same reference numerals appearing in the respective drawings denote the same features or components, and may be applied to different embodiments.
The powder falling control device for additive manufacturing comprises a powder storage bin 9, a middle bin 10, double- layer screens 4 and 5 and a screen driving unit 8, wherein the powder storage bin is connected with the middle bin; the intermediate bin 10 is arranged at the lower end of the powder storage bin 9 and is used for maintaining the stability of powder below the powder storage bin 9; the double- layer screens 4 and 5 are arranged at a powder outlet at the bottom of the intermediate bin 10; the double- layer screens 4 and 5 comprise an upper first screen 4 and a lower second screen 5; the first screen 4 and the second screen 5 are attached to each other; the first screen 4 and the second screen 5 can generate relative displacement parallel to the screen surface, and the sizes of the through holes of the double- layer screens 4 and 5 are changed, so that the falling amount of the powder is controlled; the screen drive unit 8 is used to control the relative displacement between the first screen 4 and the second screen 5.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an apparatus for controlling powder falling includes a powder outlet covered with a double-layer mesh screen (a first mesh 4, a second mesh 5) and a mesh driving unit 8.
The device comprises a powder outlet covered with double- layer screens 4 and 5, the double- layer screens 4 and 5 are jointed and can move relatively, and the screens 4 and 5 are provided with screen holes. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the driving unit 8 can control the relative movement of the screens 4 and 5, so as to control the aperture size of the passing hole formed after the interference of the double screens 4 and 5, and thus control the powder flow rate. In addition, when the screens 4, 5 are moved by the driving unit 8 in the feeding state, the screen holes of the first screen 4 and the second screen 5 are overlapped to form a passage (passing hole) with a large aperture, and the powder falls through the passage and is deposited on the lower powder bed. In the stagnation state, the drive unit 8 causes the two screens 4, 5 to interlace, the two screens 4, 5 interfere with each other and the powder stops falling.
Preferably, the screens 4 and 5 are located below the powder 2 to be laid, the screens 4 and 5 may have round, square and long-strip-shaped screen holes, the screen hole diameters of the screens 4 and 5 need to be determined according to the particle sizes of the powder, the screen hole diameters of the screens 4 and 5 should be larger than 2 times of the particle sizes of the powder, and the screen hole diameters of the screens 4 and 5 should be smaller than ten times of the particle sizes of the powder, so that the control accuracy can be guaranteed.
Preferably, the device further comprises a fixing unit 11, wherein the fixing unit 11 is positioned below the middle bin 10 and used for keeping the double- layer screens 4 and 5 attached.
Preferably, the driving unit 8 may be a motor or a piezoelectric ceramic, and the driving unit 8 may adjust the relative positions of the screens 4 and 5, so as to control the falling speed of the powder.
The drive unit 8 can also be implemented in various ways, for example, by winding both ends of the two- layer screens 4, 5 around two drums (a first drum 8-1 and a second drum 8-2), and by using the difference in the inner diameters of the two- layer screens 4, 5 on the drums 8-1, 8-2, a difference in displacement can be formed on the screens 4, 5 during rotation, so that the relative movement of the two- layer screens 4, 5 can be finely adjusted, as shown in fig. 3.
Preferably, for fine powder, the fine powder may be assisted in falling by the vibration generated by the vibration unit 1, and by controlling the vibration unit 1, the powder flow rate may also be assisted in controlling.
A method of controlling powder fall using the apparatus described above, comprising:
s1, calibration: the falling speed of the powder under various states is determined through experiments, wherein the various states comprise different powder types and 8-unit control of different displacements and moving speeds of the first screen 4 and the second screen 5 by the screen driving unit;
s2, powder falling start-stop control: the screen driving unit 8 controls the relative displacement of the first screen 4 and the second screen 5, the sizes of the through holes of the double- layer screens 4 and 5 are changed in an interference mode, when the through holes of the double- layer screens 4 and 5 are larger than a set aperture, powder falls through the double- layer screens 4 and 5, and when the through holes of the double- layer screens 4 and 5 are smaller than the set aperture, the powder stops falling; the set aperture is determined experimentally;
s3, controlling the powder falling rate: the screen driving unit 8 controls the powder falling rate by changing the aperture size of the passing holes of the double-layer screen; alternatively, the vibration unit 1 vibrates the double screens 4 and 5 at the same time, thereby accelerating the powder falling rate.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 4, a powder falling control device for additive manufacturing includes a moving mechanism, a vibration unit 1, and a powder storage bin 9, an intermediate bin 10, and double- layer screens 4 and 5, which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
The device is arranged on the moving mechanism and can move along a set path.
The powder storage bin 9 is arranged at the top and used for storing powder to be laid. The intermediate bin 10 is connected to the lower part of the powder storage bin 9 for maintaining the stability of the powder below. The double- layer screens 4 and 5 are arranged at an opening below the middle bin 10 through the fixing unit 11, and the screen driving device 8 is connected to the double- layer screens 4 and 5 and can control the flow of powder.
Preferably, the powder storage bin 9 may be a funnel shape with an open top end and an open bottom end, or other shapes.
Preferably, the intermediate bin 10 can be in the shape of a cuboid, a cylinder and the like with the upper end and the lower end open, and the upper end is connected with the lower end opening of the powder storage bin 9.
Preferably, the powder may be a fine powder such as a metal powder, a ceramic powder, or an organic powder.
A method of additive manufacturing powder feeding using the apparatus described above, comprising:
x1, preparation: placing the powder in a powder storage bin 9, arranging the devices on a moving mechanism, and placing the devices together at a starting position;
x2, powder paving: the moving mechanism drives the device to move along a set path, and meanwhile, the screen control unit 8 controls the powder falling speed of the powder passing through the double-layer screen, so that the powder is uniformly laid on the powder bed;
x3, resetting: the screen control unit 8 controls the double- layer screens 4 and 5 to interfere, so that the double- layer screens 4 and 5 pass through holes smaller than a set aperture, and the powder stops falling; the moving mechanism drives the device to return to the initial position.
Example 3
An apparatus capable of directional deposition, which is based on the embodiment 2 and comprises a template;
the pattern in which the powder is laid can be controlled by introducing a template, which may be a plate with square holes or other patterns, outside the second screen 5.
The movement of the control template can also be controlled to control the powder laying orientation, so that the powder directional deposition can be further realized. Through the combination of a plurality of the devices, each device controls the deposition of different powders at different positions, thereby realizing the laying of multi-material powders.
Compared with the prior art, the device has simple structure and strong controllability, can control the powder feeding speed, is particularly used for controlling fine powder, and can conveniently and efficiently control the powder laying.
While several embodiments of the present invention have been presented herein, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made to the embodiments herein without departing from the spirit of the invention. The above examples are merely illustrative and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A powder falling control device for additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising a powder storage bin, a middle bin, a double-layer screen and a screen driving unit;
the middle bin is arranged at the lower end of the powder storage bin and is used for keeping the stability of powder below the powder storage bin; the double-layer screen is arranged at the powder outlet at the bottom of the intermediate bin;
the double-layer screen comprises an upper first screen and a lower second screen; the first screen and the second screen are mutually attached; the first screen and the second screen can generate relative displacement parallel to the screen surface, the size of the through hole of the double-layer screen is changed, and the falling amount of the powder is further controlled; winding two ends of a first screen and a second screen on two rotary drums, and forming displacement difference on the first screen and the second screen in the rotating process of the rotary drums by utilizing the inner diameter difference of the first screen and the second screen on the rotary drums so as to accurately adjust the relative movement of the first screen and the second screen;
the screen driving unit is used for controlling the relative displacement between the first screen and the second screen; the screen driving unit is a motor or piezoelectric ceramics and directly drives the first screen and the second screen.
2. The powder drop control device for additive manufacturing of claim 1, wherein the first screen and the second screen each have a mesh diameter greater than 2 times and less than 10 times the average particle size of the powder.
3. The apparatus for controlling powder drop for additive manufacturing of claim 1, further comprising a vibration unit to vibrate the first screen and the second screen so that the powder easily passes through the double screen; the vibration unit is connected to the double-layer screen and transmits vibration to the double-layer screen.
4. The powder drop control device for additive manufacturing of claim 1, further comprising a fixing unit located below the intermediate bin to maintain the fit of the double screen.
5. The controlled powder drop apparatus for additive manufacturing of claim 1, further comprising a stencil disposed below the double screen for achieving a laydown pattern of powder, or directional deposition of powder.
6. The powder drop control apparatus for additive manufacturing of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the apparatus is integrally disposed on a moving mechanism, the apparatus moving with the moving mechanism on a set path.
7. A method of controlling powder drop for additive manufacturing, using the apparatus of any one of claims 1-6, the method comprising:
s1, calibration: the falling speed of the powder under various states is determined through experiments, wherein the various states comprise different powder types and control of different displacements and moving speeds of the first screen and the second screen by the screen driving unit;
s2, powder falling start-stop control: the screen driving unit controls the relative displacement of the first screen and the second screen, the size of the through holes of the double-layer screen is changed by interference, when the through holes of the double-layer screen are larger than the set aperture, powder falls through the double-layer screen, and when the through holes of the double-layer screen are smaller than the set aperture, the powder stops falling; the set aperture is determined through experiments;
s3, controlling the powder falling rate: the screen driving unit controls the falling rate of the powder by changing the aperture size of the through holes of the double-layer screen; or the vibration unit simultaneously enables the double-layer screen to vibrate, so that the falling speed of the powder is accelerated.
8. A method of additive manufacturing up-feed powder using the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 6, the method comprising:
x1, preparation: placing the powder in a powder storage bin, arranging the devices on a moving mechanism, and placing the devices together at an initial position;
x2, powder paving: the moving mechanism drives the device to move along a set path, and meanwhile, the screen control unit controls the powder falling speed of the powder passing through the double-layer screen, so that the powder is uniformly laid on the powder bed;
x3, resetting: the screen control unit controls the interference of the double-layer screen, so that the passing hole of the double-layer screen is smaller than the set aperture, and the powder stops falling; the moving mechanism drives the device to return to the initial position.
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| DE202016002402U1 (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2017-07-20 | Volkmann Gmbh | Feeding device, screening device and conveyor |
| CN207252736U (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2018-04-20 | 李春际 | Chinese chestnut sheller |
| CN206997068U (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2018-02-13 | 江西博雅欣和制药有限公司 | A kind of preparation oscillating granulator |
| CN208482798U (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-02-12 | 云南归田生物科技有限公司 | A kind of cross screen device |
| CN212737085U (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2021-03-19 | 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 | Powder feeding device for manufacturing three-dimensional object and three-dimensional object manufacturing equipment |
| CN111921851A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-13 | 唐永辉 | But high-efficient wheat screening plant based on wind energy automatic feeding |
| CN112893107A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 江苏威拉里新材料科技有限公司 | 3D prints and uses metal powder screening plant |
| CN113579259A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-11-02 | 武汉易制科技有限公司 | Bidirectional powder spreading and bidirectional printing system of binder-jet 3D printer |
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