CN114345265A - Method for hydrolyzing urea based on microwaves - Google Patents
Method for hydrolyzing urea based on microwaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN114345265A CN114345265A CN202010859680.8A CN202010859680A CN114345265A CN 114345265 A CN114345265 A CN 114345265A CN 202010859680 A CN202010859680 A CN 202010859680A CN 114345265 A CN114345265 A CN 114345265A
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 212
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 93
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 49
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000002177 Cataract Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036471 bradycardia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000006218 bradycardia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000002173 dizziness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000019116 sleep disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for hydrolyzing urea based on microwave, which relates to the technical field of urea decomposition and comprises the following steps: acquiring characteristic parameters of the gas in the inner cavity; wherein the characteristic parameters comprise the temperature of the gas, the ammonia concentration and the pressure of the inner cavity; adjusting the microwave source power based on the characteristic parameter; treating the urea in the inner cavity based on the microwave source; and discharging the treated gas from a gas outlet. The urea is hydrolyzed under the action of the microwave source, so that the urea is efficiently decomposed, the energy consumption required in the urea decomposition process is reduced, and the urea decomposition method is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of urea hydrolysis, in particular to a method for hydrolyzing urea based on microwaves.
Background
With the gradual improvement of the national environmental protection standard and the annual increase of the environmental protection supervision, the environmental protection problem of the power industry is concerned widely. At present, the mainstream technology of denitration adopts ammonia gas as a reducing agent, and nitrogen oxide is reduced into nitrogen gas and water which are harmless to the atmosphere under the action of a catalyst, so that the aim of denitration is fulfilled.
The principle of the urea hydrolysis ammonia production technology is that a urea solution with a certain mass concentration is heated by a heat source, urea and water react under certain temperature and pressure conditions to generate gaseous NH3 and CO2, the ammonia production quantity of the urea solution is positively correlated with the concentration of the urea solution, the reaction temperature and the reaction residence time, and the influence of the reaction temperature is the largest. The center of the prior art mainly adopts an electric heating or steam heating mode to reach the temperature required by urea decomposition, thereby achieving the purpose of urea decomposition.
However, the method for decomposing urea by electric heating or steam heating in the prior art has the problems of high temperature required by urea decomposition and high energy consumption in the decomposition process, so that a method for decomposing urea with low energy consumption is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for hydrolyzing urea based on microwave aiming at the defect that urea is decomposed by adopting electric heating or steam heating in the prior art, so as to solve the problem that the energy consumption in the decomposition process is high due to high temperature required by urea decomposition in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a method for hydrolyzing urea based on microwaves, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring characteristic parameters of the gas in the inner cavity; wherein the characteristic parameters comprise the temperature of the gas, the ammonia concentration and the pressure of the inner cavity;
adjusting the microwave source power based on the characteristic parameter;
treating the urea in the inner cavity based on the microwave source;
and discharging the treated gas from a gas outlet.
Optionally, the adjusting the power of the microwave source based on the characteristic parameter includes:
judging the relation between the temperature and a preset temperature;
if the temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature, adjusting the microwave power;
correspondingly, the treatment of the urea in the inner cavity based on the microwave source comprises:
and treating the urea in the inner cavity based on the adjusted microwave power.
Optionally, the urea in the inner cavity is treated based on the adjusted microwave power, and then the method further includes:
obtaining treated gas obtained by treating urea in the inner cavity based on the adjusted microwave power;
discharging the treated gas from the gas outlet.
Optionally, the adjusting the power of the microwave source based on the characteristic parameter further includes:
judging the relation between the ammonia gas concentration and a preset concentration;
and if the ammonia gas concentration is greater than or equal to the preset concentration, adjusting the microwave power and increasing the water spraying amount.
Optionally, the method further includes:
if the ammonia gas concentration is greater than or equal to the preset concentration, adjusting the microwave power and increasing the rotating speed of a fan; wherein, the fan is used for discharging the gas.
Optionally, the adjusting the power of the microwave source based on the characteristic parameter further includes:
judging the relation between the inner cavity pressure and a preset pressure;
and if the pressure is less than or equal to the preset pressure, increasing the content of urea in the reaction cavity, and adjusting the microwave power dust.
In a second aspect, the invention also discloses a device for decomposing urea by microwave, comprising: the microwave reactor comprises a reaction cavity, a microwave source, a feed hopper, an air inlet, a pump, an air outlet, an inner cavity, a heat insulation layer, a spray head and a pressure sensor;
wherein the microwave sources are arranged on two opposite side walls of the reaction cavity; a heat insulation layer is arranged between the inner cavity and the inner wall of the reaction cavity; the feed hopper is arranged at the top of the reaction cavity; and urea enters the reaction cavity from the feed hopper, is decomposed under the action of the microwaves and the spray head, and is discharged from the gas outlet.
In a third aspect, the invention also discloses a device for decomposing urea by microwave, which comprises: an acquisition module, an adjustment module, a processing module and an output module,
the acquisition module is used for acquiring characteristic parameters of the gas in the inner cavity; wherein the characteristic parameters comprise the temperature of the gas, the ammonia concentration and the pressure of the inner cavity;
the adjusting module is used for adjusting the power of the microwave source based on the characteristic parameters;
the treatment module is used for treating the urea in the inner cavity based on the microwave source;
and the output module is used for discharging the treated gas from a gas outlet.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention also discloses an electronic device, including: comprising a processor, a memory for storing instructions, the processor being configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to cause the apparatus to perform the microwave-based urea hydrolysis method according to the first aspect.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention also discloses a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, and when the instructions are executed, the computer is caused to execute the method for hydrolyzing urea based on microwave as described in the first aspect.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for hydrolyzing urea based on microwaves, which comprises the following steps: acquiring characteristic parameters of the gas in the inner cavity; wherein the characteristic parameters comprise the temperature of the gas, the ammonia concentration and the pressure of the inner cavity; adjusting the microwave source power based on the characteristic parameter; treating the urea in the inner cavity based on the microwave source; the treated gas is discharged from a gas outlet. Namely, the urea is hydrolyzed under the action of the microwave source, so that the urea is efficiently decomposed, the energy consumption required in the urea decomposition process is reduced, and the urea hydrolysis device is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for hydrolyzing urea based on microwaves according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a microwave-based urea hydrolysis apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a microwave-based urea hydrolysis apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a microwave-based urea hydrolysis plant according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are conventionally placed in use, and are only used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or pendant, but rather may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for hydrolyzing urea based on microwaves according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a microwave-based urea hydrolysis apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a microwave-based urea hydrolysis apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a microwave-based urea hydrolysis plant according to another embodiment of the present invention. The process for hydrolyzing urea based on microwave provided by the embodiment of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 4.
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for hydrolyzing urea based on microwaves, which is applied to urea hydrolyzing equipment based on microwaves. The steps involved in the method are described in detail below with reference to fig. 1.
Step 101: and acquiring characteristic parameters of the gas in the inner cavity.
Wherein the characteristic parameters comprise the temperature of the gas, the ammonia concentration and the pressure of the inner cavity.
In the embodiment of the invention, the temperature sensor, the concentration sensor and the pressure sensor in the microwave urea hydrolysis equipment monitor the gas in the reaction cavity in real time. The inner cavity gas is worth ammonia and carbon dioxide.
It is noted that urea reacts with water at elevated temperatures to form NH3 and CO2, which we refer to as hydrolysis of urea. When the temperature is higher than 60 ℃, CO (NH2)2 starts to hydrolyze, the hydrolysis speed is accelerated when the temperature reaches 80 ℃, the hydrolysis speed tends to increase sharply above 145 ℃, and the hydrolysis speed is more violent in a boiling urea aqueous solution.
Step 102: the microwave source power is adjusted based on the characteristic parameter.
In the embodiment of the present invention, step 102 may be implemented by adjusting the power of the microwave source based on the characteristic parameters, specifically as follows:
the first method is as follows: judging the relation between the temperature and a preset temperature;
and if the temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature, adjusting the microwave power.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the preset temperature refers to an optimal temperature range value of the urea hydrolysis reaction. The temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the inner cavity in real time and sends the temperature value to the controller, and when the controller detects that the temperature of the reaction cavity is greater than or equal to a preset temperature, the controller adjusts the microwave source to reduce the microwave power.
Correspondingly, when the controller detects that the temperature of the reaction cavity is lower than the preset temperature, the controller adjusts the microwave source to increase the microwave power.
The second method comprises the following steps: judging the relation between the ammonia gas concentration and a preset concentration;
and if the ammonia gas concentration is greater than or equal to the preset concentration, adjusting the microwave power and increasing the water spraying amount.
In the embodiment of the invention, the concentration of ammonia gas is the gas generated after urea in the inner cavity is hydrolyzed. The concentration sensor monitors the ammonia gas concentration in the inner cavity in real time and sends the concentration value to the controller, and when the controller detects that the concentration of the reaction cavity is greater than or equal to the preset ammonia gas concentration, the controller adjusts the microwave source to increase the microwave power.
Correspondingly, when the controller detects that the ammonia concentration in the reaction cavity is less than the preset ammonia concentration, the controller adjusts the microwave source to reduce the microwave power. Thereby realizing the intelligent control reaction process.
The third method comprises the following steps: judging the relation between the inner cavity pressure and a preset pressure;
and if the pressure is less than or equal to the preset pressure, increasing the content of urea in the reaction cavity, and adjusting the microwave power.
In the embodiment of the invention, the pressure sensor monitors the pressure in the inner cavity in real time and sends the pressure value to the controller, and when the controller detects that the pressure value in the reaction cavity is greater than or equal to the preset pressure value, the controller adjusts the microwave source to increase the microwave power.
Correspondingly, when the controller detects that the pressure value of the reaction cavity is smaller than the preset pressure threshold value, the controller adjusts the microwave source to reduce the microwave power. Thereby realizing the intelligent control reaction process.
Step 103: the urea in the inner cavity is treated based on a microwave source.
In an embodiment of the invention, a treated gas obtained by treating urea in the inner cavity based on the adjusted microwave power is obtained.
Exemplary treated gases include carbon dioxide, ammonia, and water vapor. And a controller in the microwave urea hydrolysis equipment processes urea in the inner cavity according to the adjusted microwave power to obtain processed gas.
Step 104: and discharging the treated gas from the gas outlet.
In the embodiment of the invention, the treated gas comprises carbon dioxide, water and ammonia gas, and the treated gas is discharged from the gas outlet. Furthermore, a filter screen is arranged at the outlet of the microwave urea hydrolysis equipment and used for filtering particles generated after the reaction of the waste gas molecules to be treated. Wherein, the filter screen is replaceable to be convenient for later maintenance.
In the embodiment of the invention, the method for hydrolyzing urea based on microwave in the invention is a urea hydrolyzing device based on microwave, and comprises the following steps: acquiring characteristic parameters of the gas in the inner cavity; wherein the characteristic parameters comprise the temperature of the gas, the ammonia concentration and the pressure of the inner cavity; adjusting the microwave source power based on the characteristic parameter; treating the urea in the inner cavity based on the microwave source; the treated gas is discharged from a gas outlet. Namely, the urea is hydrolyzed under the action of the microwave source, so that the urea is efficiently decomposed, the energy consumption required in the urea decomposition process is reduced, and the urea hydrolysis device is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
In another possible embodiment, the present invention also provides an apparatus for decomposing urea by microwave, as shown in fig. 2, comprising: reaction chamber 1, microwave source 2, feeder hopper 3, air inlet 4, pump 5, gas outlet 6, inner chamber 7, insulating layer 8, shower nozzle 9 and pressure sensor 10.
In the embodiment of the present invention, urea, also called carbamide (carbomide), is an organic compound composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, and is a white crystal. Urea reacts with water at elevated temperatures to form NH3And CO2We call the hydrolysis of urea. CO (NH2) at temperatures above 60 DEG C2The hydrolysis is started, the hydrolysis speed is accelerated when the temperature reaches 80 ℃, the hydrolysis speed is increased sharply when the temperature is higher than 145 ℃, and the hydrolysis is more violent in a boiling urea aqueous solution.
Optionally, a heat insulation layer 8 is arranged between the inner wall of the reaction chamber 1 and the inner chamber 7.
In the embodiment of the invention, the feed hopper 3 is used for arranging metal meshes at the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 6 respectively to prevent microwave leakage. The cavity 7 is made of a material which is heat-resistant and does not absorb microwaves. For example, the lumen 7 may be polytetrafluoroethylene. The heat insulation layer 8 is used for insulating the inner cavity 7, so that the reaction is rapidly carried out. The insulating layer 8 may be a phenolic foam material. The spray head 9 is used for uniformly spraying external water into the inner cavity 7 through a pipeline connected with the pump 5 so as to provide moisture required for urea decomposition.
Optionally, the microwave sources 2 include a plurality of microwave sources 2, and the plurality of microwave sources 2 are arranged in an array on two opposite surfaces of the reaction chamber 1.
In the embodiment of the invention, in order to uniformly heat the reaction cavity 1 under the action of the microwave sources 2, a plurality of microwave sources 2 are arranged on the outer wall of the reaction cavity 1. It should be noted that under the action of the external alternating electromagnetic field, the polar molecules in the material are polarized and alternate orientation is achieved along with the change of the polarity of the external alternating electromagnetic field, so that the electromagnetic energy is converted into heat energy due to frequent friction loss among a plurality of polar molecules.
Optionally, the pump 5 is connected to the spray head 9 via a water pipe for supplying water to the spray head.
In the embodiment of the invention, the spray head 9 is fixed at the top of the reaction chamber 1, and the spray head 9 sprays water downwards uniformly in a working state, wherein the shape of the sprayed water can be set according to requirements. Illustratively, the water spray may be circular, arcuate, or fan-shaped.
Optionally, a pressure sensor 10 is arranged inside the inner cavity 7.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the pressure sensor 10 is configured to detect a pressure value in the inner cavity 7, and prompt addition of urea dosage if the pressure value of the inner cavity 7 is less than or equal to a preset pressure value.
The device for microwave decomposition of urea also comprises, for example, a controller 11 and a temperature sensor, a concentration sensor and a wind speed sensor. Wherein, the controller is used for controlling the power of the microwave source and the amount of the urea entering the feed hopper according to the temperature, the concentration and the pressure value. The temperature sensor is arranged in the inner cavity and used for detecting the temperature in the reaction cavity and sending the detected structure to the controller. And when the controller 11 determines that the temperature value exceeds the preset temperature threshold value, controlling the power of the microwave source to be reduced. Correspondingly, the concentration sensor is arranged at the air inlet and used for detecting the concentration of the ammonia gas entering the reaction cavity 1 and sending the detected structure to the controller. And when the controller 11 determines that the concentration of the ammonia gas exceeds the preset concentration threshold value, controlling the power of the microwave source to be increased and increasing the water spraying amount. Correspondingly, the air speed sensor is arranged at the position of the air inlet and used for detecting the air quantity of the air inlet, the air speed sensor sends the air quantity information detected in real time to the controller, and the controller controls the fan to reduce the rotating speed.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the reaction chamber 1 is made of metal, and the metal is made of high temperature resistant metal. The microwave source 2 refers to a device for generating microwave energy, referred to as a microwave source. Here, the microwave source 2 includes a plurality of microwave sources 2, and the plurality of microwave sources 2 are distributed in an array on the top of the reaction chamber. The microwave is an electric wave having a frequency of 300 mhz to 300 ghz, and water molecules in the heated medium material are polar molecules. Under the action of a rapidly changing high-frequency point magnetic field, the polarity orientation of the magnetic field changes along with the change of an external electric field. The effect of mutual friction motion of molecules is caused, at the moment, the field energy of the microwave field is converted into heat energy in the medium, so that the temperature of the material is raised, and a series of physical and chemical processes such as thermalization, puffing and the like are generated to achieve the aim of microwave heating.
The microwave heating has the following advantages: the heating time is short; the heat energy utilization rate is high, and energy is saved; heating uniformly; the microwave source is easy to control, and the microwave can also induce the catalytic reaction.
The microwave is generated by a microwave source, which is mainly composed of a high-power magnetron. The magnetron is a device which completes energy conversion by utilizing the movement of electrons in vacuum and can generate high-power microwave energy, for example, a 4250MHz magnetic wave tube can obtain 5MHz, and a 4250MHz klystron can obtain 30MHz, so that the microwave technology can be applied to the technical field of wastewater treatment.
Wherein, the microwave source 2 is arranged on two opposite side walls of the reaction cavity 1; a heat insulation layer 8 is arranged between the inner cavity 7 and the inner wall of the reaction cavity 1; the feed hopper 3 is arranged at the top of the reaction cavity 1; urea enters the reaction cavity 1 from the feed hopper 3, is decomposed under the action of microwaves 2 and the spray head 9, and gas after decomposition is discharged from the gas outlet 6.
In the embodiment of the invention, urea enters the reaction cavity 1 through the feed hopper 3 and is hydrolyzed under the action of the microwave source 2 and water sprayed by the spray head 9 to generate ammonia gas, carbon dioxide and water.
Optionally, the air inlet 4 is provided with a metal mesh and a fan. The air inlet 4 is provided on a user-facing side of the reaction chamber 1. Here, the shape of the intake port 4 is not particularly limited, and may be any shape. For example, the air inlet 4 may be circular, square, rectangular, etc. And a metal net is arranged at the gas inlet 4 to prevent the microwave in the reaction cavity 1 from leaking. The fan is arranged near the air inlet 4, and is used for rapidly sucking waste gas into the reaction chamber 1, and the fan is also used for discharging the gas after reaction in the reaction chamber 1 from the air outlet 6.
In the embodiment of the invention, the metal net is arranged at the air inlet 4 of the device for decomposing urea by microwave, and the aperture of the metal net is less than or equal to 3 mm. Here, in order to prevent the microwave leakage. When the human body is very close to the microwave radiation source for a long time, the phenomena of dizziness, sleep disorder, hypomnesis, bradycardia, blood pressure reduction and the like are caused by excessive radiation energy. When the microwave leakage reaches 1mw/cm2When it occurs, the eyes feel suddenly dazzled, the vision is degraded, and even cataract is caused. In order to ensure the health of users, metal nets are arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the reaction cavity, and the corners can generate microwave discharge under the action of microwaves, so that dangerous accidents are easy to happen. The metal mesh can block microwave leakage, reduce the damage of microwave to human body and improve the safety of the system.
Furthermore, a filter screen can be arranged at the air outlet 6 of the device for decomposing urea based on microwave, and the filter screen is used for filtering particles generated after the molecules of the waste gas to be treated react. Wherein, the filter screen is replaceable to be convenient for later maintenance.
The embodiment discloses a device based on microwave decomposes urea, a device based on microwave decomposes urea includes: the microwave heating device comprises a reaction cavity 1, a microwave source 2, a feed hopper 3, an air inlet 4, a pump 5, an air outlet 6, an inner cavity 7, a heat insulation layer 8, a spray head 9 and a pressure sensor 10; wherein, the microwave source 2 is arranged on two opposite side walls of the reaction cavity 1; a heat insulation layer 8 is arranged between the inner cavity 7 and the inner wall of the reaction cavity 1; the feed hopper 3 is arranged at the top of the reaction cavity 1; urea enters the reaction cavity 1 from the feed hopper 3, is decomposed under the action of microwaves and the spray head, and gas after decomposition is discharged from the gas outlet. That is to say, the invention decomposes urea efficiently based on microwave and water provided by the spray head, and the decomposition process has low energy consumption, simple equipment structure and high safety.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a microwave-based urea hydrolysis apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention. The device includes: an acquisition module 301, a conditioning module 302, a processing module 303 and an output module 304,
an obtaining module 301, configured to obtain a characteristic parameter of the intra-cavity gas.
Wherein the characteristic parameters include a temperature of the gas, an ammonia concentration, and a pressure of the internal cavity.
An adjusting module 302 for adjusting the microwave source power based on the characteristic parameter.
A treatment module 303 for treating the urea in the lumen based on the microwave source;
and an output module 304 for discharging the treated gas from the gas outlet.
It should be noted that, for the descriptions of the same steps and the same contents in this embodiment as those in other embodiments, reference may be made to the descriptions in other embodiments, which are not described herein again.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a device for decomposing urea by microwave includes: the device comprises an acquisition module 301, an adjusting module 302, a processing module 303 and an output module 304, wherein the acquisition module 301 is used for acquiring characteristic parameters of the gas in the inner cavity; wherein the characteristic parameters comprise the temperature of the gas, the ammonia concentration and the pressure of the inner cavity; an adjusting module 302 for adjusting the microwave source power based on the characteristic parameter; a treatment module 303 for treating the urea in the lumen based on the microwave source; and an output module 304 for discharging the treated gas from the gas outlet. Namely, the urea is hydrolyzed under the action of the microwave source, so that the urea is efficiently decomposed, the energy consumption required in the urea decomposition process is reduced, and the urea hydrolysis device is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a urea hydrolysis plant based on microwave, which is integrated in a terminal device or a chip of the terminal device, according to another embodiment of the present invention.
The device includes: memory 401, processor 402.
The memory 401 is used for storing a program, and the processor 402 calls the program stored in the memory 401 to execute the embodiment of the method for hydrolyzing urea based on microwaves as described above. The specific implementation and technical effects are similar, and are not described herein again.
Preferably, the invention also provides a program product, such as a computer-readable storage medium, comprising a program which, when being executed by a processor, is adapted to carry out the above-mentioned method embodiments.
In the embodiments provided in the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, a division of a unit is merely a logical division, and an actual implementation may have another division, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, or in a form of hardware plus a software functional unit.
The integrated unit implemented in the form of a software functional unit may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. The software functional unit is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) or a processor (processor) to execute some steps of the methods according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
Claims (10)
1. A method for hydrolyzing urea based on microwave is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring characteristic parameters of the gas in the inner cavity; wherein the characteristic parameters comprise the temperature of the gas, the ammonia concentration and the pressure of the inner cavity;
adjusting the microwave source power based on the characteristic parameter;
treating the urea in the inner cavity based on the microwave source;
and discharging the treated gas from a gas outlet.
2. The microwave-based urea hydrolysis method according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting the microwave source power based on the characteristic parameter comprises:
judging the relation between the temperature and a preset temperature;
if the temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature, adjusting the microwave power;
correspondingly, the treatment of the urea in the inner cavity based on the microwave source comprises:
and treating the urea in the inner cavity based on the adjusted microwave power.
3. The microwave-based urea hydrolysis method according to claim 2, wherein the urea in the inner cavity is treated based on the adjusted microwave power, and then further comprising:
obtaining treated gas obtained by treating urea in the inner cavity based on the adjusted microwave power;
discharging the treated gas from the gas outlet.
4. The microwave-based urea hydrolysis method according to claim 2, wherein the adjusting the microwave source power based on the characteristic parameter further comprises:
judging the relation between the ammonia gas concentration and a preset concentration;
and if the ammonia gas concentration is greater than or equal to the preset concentration, adjusting the microwave power and increasing the water spraying amount.
5. The microwave-based urea hydrolysis method according to claim 4, further comprising:
if the ammonia gas concentration is greater than or equal to the preset concentration, adjusting the microwave power and increasing the rotating speed of a fan; wherein, the fan is used for discharging the gas.
6. The microwave-based urea hydrolysis method according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting the microwave source power based on the characteristic parameter further comprises:
judging the relation between the inner cavity pressure and a preset pressure;
and if the pressure is less than or equal to the preset pressure, increasing the content of urea in the reaction cavity, and adjusting the microwave power.
7. An apparatus for decomposing urea by microwave, comprising: the microwave reactor comprises a reaction cavity, a microwave source, a feed hopper, an air inlet, a pump, an air outlet, an inner cavity, a heat insulation layer, a spray head and a pressure sensor;
wherein the microwave sources are arranged on two opposite side walls of the reaction cavity; a heat insulation layer is arranged between the inner cavity and the inner wall of the reaction cavity; the feed hopper is arranged at the top of the reaction cavity; and urea enters the reaction cavity from the feed hopper, is decomposed under the action of the microwaves and the spray head, and is discharged from the gas outlet.
8. An apparatus for microwave decomposition of urea, comprising: an acquisition module, an adjustment module, a processing module and an output module,
the acquisition module is used for acquiring characteristic parameters of the gas in the inner cavity; wherein the characteristic parameters comprise the temperature of the gas, the ammonia concentration and the pressure of the inner cavity;
the adjusting module is used for adjusting the power of the microwave source based on the characteristic parameters;
the treatment module is used for treating the urea in the inner cavity based on the microwave source;
and the output module is used for discharging the treated gas from a gas outlet.
9. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device comprises: comprising a processor, a memory for storing instructions, the processor being configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to cause the apparatus to perform the microwave-based urea hydrolysis method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
10. A computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions stored therein, which when executed, cause a computer to perform the microwave-based urea hydrolysis method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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