CN114345114A - Double-effect treatment method for flue gas deacidification and fly ash of waste incinerator - Google Patents
Double-effect treatment method for flue gas deacidification and fly ash of waste incinerator Download PDFInfo
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- CN114345114A CN114345114A CN202111614090.XA CN202111614090A CN114345114A CN 114345114 A CN114345114 A CN 114345114A CN 202111614090 A CN202111614090 A CN 202111614090A CN 114345114 A CN114345114 A CN 114345114A
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- fly ash
- flue gas
- reaction
- medicament
- deacidification
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- -1 phosphate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium sulfide Chemical compound [Ca]=S JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium polysulfide Chemical compound [Na+].S HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 35
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 7
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940062672 calcium dihydrogen phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052585 phosphate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910014497 Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004860 CaZn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100283604 Caenorhabditis elegans pigk-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical group [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009920 chelation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DQTRYXANLKJLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorophosphonous acid Chemical compound OP(O)Cl DQTRYXANLKJLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052945 inorganic sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fly ash treatment, and discloses a dual-effect treatment method for deacidification of waste incinerator flue gas and fly ash, wherein the method comprises the following steps: mixing the medicament and fly ash generated by burning garbage according to the following ratio of (20-40): mixing and reacting 100 parts of the raw materials, and obtaining a reaction mixture after the reaction is finished; wherein the medicament comprises 25-35% of baking soda, 20-30% of slaked lime, 5-10% of magnesium chloride, 15-25% of magnesium oxide, 2-5% of phosphate compound and 3-7% of calcium sulfate by mass percentage; adding water in an amount of 20-50 parts to the reaction mixture, and stirring to obtain a reaction product. The application provides a method for flue gas deacidification and fly ash double-effect treatment of a waste incinerator, which reduces emission of acid gas in incineration flue gas and medicament consumption of conventional flue gas deacidification while removing heavy metal in fly ash, thereby reducing cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fly ash treatment, in particular to a double-effect treatment method for deacidifying flue gas of a garbage incinerator and treating fly ash.
Background
The garbage incineration is a technology widely popularized and used in China, and fly ash generated in the garbage incineration process is imported by national hazardous waste records due to the fact that the fly ash contains a large amount of heavy metals and is classified as hazardous waste, and can be landfilled after harmless treatment. However, each system of the traditional fly ash purification process is independently constructed, the occupied area is large, a large amount of labor, economy and other costs are required to be invested in the operation process, and certain defects exist in the aspects of convenience and economy. Aiming at the current situation, the subject is to research a dual-effect treatment method for deacidification of flue gas and fly ash of a garbage incinerator, which is applied to treatment of pollutants in the flue gas, optimizes the flue gas treatment process of garbage incineration and provides theoretical basis and technical guidance for treatment of the fly ash of the garbage incineration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for deacidifying flue gas of a waste incinerator and treating fly ash with double effects, and aims to solve the problem that the fly ash treatment cost in the waste incineration process is high in the prior art.
The invention is realized in this way, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for deacidifying the flue gas of a garbage incinerator and treating fly ash with double effects, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the medicament and fly ash generated by burning garbage according to the following ratio of (20-40): mixing and reacting 100 parts of the raw materials, and obtaining a reaction mixture after the reaction is finished; the medicament comprises, by mass, 25-35% of baking soda, 20-30% of slaked lime, 5-10% of magnesium chloride, 15-25% of magnesium oxide, 2-5% of a phosphate compound and 3-7% of calcium sulfate;
adding 20-50 parts of water into the reaction mixture, and stirring to obtain a reaction product; the water content of the reaction product is less than 30%.
In one embodiment, the medicament further comprises: 3-5% of auxiliary agent by mass; the auxiliary agent is a sulfur-based compound.
In one embodiment, the auxiliary agent comprises one or two of sodium sulfide, sodium polysulfide and calcium sulfide in any mass ratio.
In one embodiment, the phosphate compound is one or more of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, and sodium polyphosphate in any mass ratio.
In one embodiment, the environment temperature for the mixing reaction of the agent and the fly ash is 100-190 ℃.
In one embodiment, the stirring time is 30-180 s.
Compared with the prior art, the method for performing double-effect treatment on the flue gas deacidification and the fly ash of the waste incinerator has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the sodium bicarbonate in the medicament can react in a flue at 100-190 ℃ to generate sodium carbonate with a porous structure, so that the fly ash can be easily absorbed, the reaction with the reactant in the medicament is facilitated, and meanwhile, the component is cheaper and easier to obtain than active carbon;
(2) the absorbent and the heavy metal reactant in the agent have the function of removing acid gas in the flue, reduce the emission of acid gas in incineration flue gas while removing heavy metal in fly ash, have the function of compositely removing pollutants, reduce the agent consumption of conventional flue gas deacidification, thereby reducing the cost;
(3) the medicament is in a solid form, can react in an environment of 100-190 ℃, has higher reaction activity, can only react at normal temperature, and has better temperature adaptability compared with an organic liquid medicament.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for performing double-effect flue gas deacidification and fly ash treatment on a waste incinerator according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for performing double-effect flue gas deacidification and fly ash treatment on a waste incinerator according to embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the examples of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It is to be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various functional blocks in embodiments of the present invention, these functional blocks should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of functional module from another. For example, a first retrieving module may also be referred to as a second retrieving module without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between such entities or operations without departing from the scope of embodiments of the present invention. Similarly, the second retrieval module may also be referred to as the first retrieval module. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The municipal refuse treatment is the most important of the urban sanitation work, at present, the incineration is a relatively universal treatment method, however, the refuse incineration process generates a large amount of fly ash, and the mass of the fly ash is about 2-5% of the mass of the refuse entering the furnace. The main components of the waste incineration fly ash comprise CaO, CaSO4, SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, heavy metals Pb, Cd, Fe, Cr, Cu, Zn, dioxin and the like, and the waste incineration fly ash contains dioxin and heavy metals, so that the waste incineration fly ash can be treated as dangerous solid waste at home and abroad, can not enter ecological environment without special treatment, and the yield of the waste incineration fly ash is increased along with the popularization and application of incineration treatment on urban domestic waste. Although the bulk density of the fly ash is only about 600kg/m3, the fly ash occupies a large space in stockpiling and landfill, so the task of timely treating the incineration fly ash is very urgent.
According to the embodiment of the application, heavy metals Pb, Cd, Fe, Cr, Cu, Zn and dioxin in the household garbage incineration fly ash are treated, so that the concentration of heavy metal ions in the fly ash can be greatly reduced, and the fly ash meets the requirements of the pollution control standard of a household garbage landfill (GB 16889-2008).
The following describes the implementation of the present invention in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The invention provides a medicament for dual-effect treatment of flue gas deacidification and fly ash of a garbage incinerator, which is used for treating heavy metal ions in the fly ash, and specifically comprises 25-35% of baking soda, 20-30% of slaked lime, 5-10% of magnesium chloride, 15-25% of magnesium oxide, 2-5% of phosphate compounds and 3-7% of calcium sulfate in percentage by mass.
The medicament contains sodium bicarbonate, slaked lime, phosphate compounds, calcium sulfate and other substances, so that the medicament has the effect of stabilizing heavy metals and simultaneously deacidifying flue gas, reduces the emission of acid gas in incineration flue gas while removing heavy metals in fly ash, is easy to decompose by heating, starts to react at 50 ℃ to generate CO2, and completely becomes sodium carbonate at 100 ℃. The sodium carbonate has a porous structure, has a good adsorption effect on heavy metals in the flue gas, and is convenient for the reaction of the fly ash and a reactant in the medicament.
It should be noted that baking soda is used as an absorbent for generating porous sodium carbonate to facilitate the absorption of fly ash; the magnesium oxide is used as a flame retardant, so that the reaction process of the medicament is more stable; the slaked lime, the magnesium chloride, the phosphate compound and the calcium sulfate are used as reactants and can react with heavy metal ions in the fly ash to form a stable solid compound, and simultaneously can react with acid gas, so that the emission of the acid gas in incineration flue gas is reduced, and double-effect treatment on the heavy metal ions and the acid gas is formed.
Specifically, under certain conditions and hydration, phosphate in the medicament reacts with calcium ions and chloride ions in various ways. One of the reactions can form Ca 10-x (HPO4) x (PO4) 6-x (OH) 2-x or Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 to perform calcium substitution reaction with heavy metal to form stable heavy metal hydroxyapatite, such as heavy metal mineral salts like CaPb-Hap, CaCdhap and the like; the other reaction is to substitute hydroxyl in hydroxyapatite by halogen ion or generate chlorine apatite (Ca5[ PO4]3Cl) by ion reaction, and the like, and has the functions of capturing and stabilizing heavy metals; yet another reaction is the combination of heavy metals with phosphate and chloride ions to form chlorophosphorite (Pb5[ PO4]3Cl) and other phosphate compounds such as Cd3(PO4)2 and CaZn (PO4) 2.4H 2O. From the products, it is known that low leaching and high stability of these minerals in phosphate-hazardous waste solidification systems play an important role. In addition, in a system with Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+, the removal of the phosphate mineral salts is mainly a surface adsorption mechanism and a complex reaction, and the removal sequence is as follows: pb2+ Cu2+ Zn2+ and the phosphate mineral salt can effectively reduce the toxicity and the biological effectiveness of heavy metal pollutants in a pollution system. From the solubility product constants (Ksp) of different types of metal phosphates, the arrangement rule of the solubility product sizes in aqueous solution is as follows, taking hydroxyapatite as an example: ca2+ > Mn2+ > Zn2+ ≈ Cd2+ > Cu2+ > Pb2+, so that the reaction proceeds toward a small solubility product. According to the research, the removal of the heavy metal ions in the solution by the hydroxyapatite is not only a surface adsorption process, but also some metal cations can perform ion exchange reaction with calcium ions in hydroxyapatite crystal lattices to enter the crystal lattices to form the hydroxyapatite containing the heavy metal, and the removal sequence of the heavy metal ions by the hydroxyapatite is as follows: pb2+ > Cd2+ ≈ Zn2+ > Mn2+ > Hg2 +.
When the agent is adopted to carry out flue gas deacidification and fly ash double-effect treatment on the garbage incinerator, the agent has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the sodium bicarbonate in the medicament can react in a flue at 100-190 ℃ to generate sodium carbonate with a porous structure, so that the fly ash is easy to absorb, the reaction of heavy metal ions and the reactant in the medicament is convenient, and meanwhile, the component is cheap and easy to obtain relative to activated carbon;
(2) the absorbent and the heavy metal reactant in the agent have the function of removing acid gas in the flue, reduce the emission of acid gas in incineration flue gas while removing heavy metal in fly ash, have the function of compositely removing pollutants, reduce the agent consumption of conventional flue gas deacidification, thereby reducing the cost;
(3) the medicament is in a solid form, can react in an environment of 100-190 ℃, has higher reaction activity, can only react at normal temperature compared with an organic liquid medicament, and has better temperature adaptability.
Example 2
The invention provides a medicament for dual-effect treatment of flue gas deacidification and fly ash of a garbage incinerator, which is used for treating heavy metal ions in the fly ash, and specifically comprises 25-35% of baking soda, 20-30% of slaked lime, 5-10% of magnesium chloride, 15-25% of magnesium oxide, 2-5% of phosphate compound and 3-7% of calcium sulfate in percentage by mass; the pesticide also comprises 3-5% of auxiliary agents in percentage by mass; the auxiliary agent is a sulfur-based compound such as an organic sulfide or an inorganic sulfide.
It should be noted that, the sulfur-based compound is used as an auxiliary agent, and the sulfur-based compound can be combined with heavy metal ions to form stable sulfides, so that the agent can remove the heavy metal ions more sufficiently.
Preferably, the auxiliary agent comprises one or two of sodium sulfide, sodium polysulfide and calcium sulfide in any mass ratio.
Example 3
The invention provides a medicament for dual-effect treatment of flue gas deacidification and fly ash of a garbage incinerator, which is used for treating heavy metal ions in the fly ash, and specifically comprises 25-35% of baking soda, 20-30% of slaked lime, 5-10% of magnesium chloride, 15-25% of magnesium oxide, 2-5% of phosphate compound and 3-7% of calcium sulfate in percentage by mass; specifically, the phosphate compound is one or more of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium polyphosphate in any mass ratio.
Example 4
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart showing a method for performing double-effect flue gas deacidification and fly ash treatment on a waste incinerator according to embodiment 4 of the present invention, and the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1.
A method for deacidifying flue gas of a waste incinerator and performing double-effect treatment on fly ash, wherein the agent is any one of the fly ash treatment agents, and the method comprises the following steps:
step S100: mixing the medicament and fly ash generated by waste incineration according to the following ratio of (20-40): 100 parts of the raw materials are mixed and reacted, and a reaction mixture is obtained after the reaction is finished. Wherein, the weight ratio of the medicament to the fly ash can be 20: 100, or 30: 100, or 40: 100.
specifically, the medicament comprises a basic solid compound. Wherein, the alkaline compound can react with heavy metal ions to form a stable solid compound.
Step S200: adding 20-50 parts of water into the reaction mixture, and stirring to obtain a reaction product; the water content of the reaction product is less than 30%.
Specifically, the weight ratio of the water to the fly ash can be 20: 100, or 35: 100, or 50: 100.
preferably, the stirring time is 30-180 s; in particular, it may be 30s, 90s or 180 s. The reaction between the chemical and the fly ash can be made more sufficient by adding water to the reaction mixture and stirring and mixing. It will be appreciated that the longer the period of agitation, the more uniform the mixing of the agent with the fly ash.
It should be noted that the environment temperature for the mixing reaction of the agent and the fly ash is 100-190 ℃. Through adjusting the ambient temperature, the effect of medicament under the different temperature conditions is explored, and analysis test data finds that the stabilization effect of the fly ash is the best when the temperature of the pipeline heater is set to be about 120 ℃, and the analysis reason is that the temperature is increased, so that partial medicament is decomposed, for example, the calcium sulfate can completely lose the crystal water at 163 ℃, and further the stabilization effect of the fly ash is weakened.
Example 5
Based on embodiment 4 of the present invention, embodiment 5 of the present invention is provided, please refer to fig. 2, fig. 2 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for performing dual-effect flue gas deacidification and fly ash treatment on a waste incinerator according to embodiment 5 of the present invention, and the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail with reference to fig. 2. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, after step S200, the following steps are further included:
step S300: and detecting the reaction product, and performing landfill treatment after the detection is qualified.
Specifically, the reaction product is detected by an HJ/T300 method, and after the detection reaches GB16889-2008 standard, the reaction product is sent to a sanitary landfill for landfill treatment.
In order to further illustrate the beneficial effects of the fly ash treatment agent provided by the invention, chelation experiments are carried out according to the proportion of 20%, 30% and 40% of the agent to the fly ash, and the experimental data records are shown in table 1; meanwhile, heavy metal ions in the experimental product are detected, the detection result is recorded as shown in table 2, and the table 2 shows the application effect of the main agent in the invention on the stabilization of the heavy metal in the incineration fly ash.
Table 1:
the raw ash is fly ash generated in the waste incinerator.
Table 2:
as can be seen from the data in tables 1 and 2, after the fly ash is treated by the fly ash treatment agent provided in the embodiment of the present application, the residual content of heavy metal ions in the fly ash is far lower than the limit value specified in the "pollution control standard for domestic waste landfill", which indicates that the fly ash treatment agent and the treatment method provided in the embodiment of the present application have a good treatment effect on the heavy metal ions in the fly ash.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for performing double-effect treatment on flue gas deacidification and fly ash of a waste incinerator is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing the medicament and fly ash generated by burning garbage according to the following ratio of (20-40): mixing and reacting 100 parts of the raw materials, and obtaining a reaction mixture after the reaction is finished; the medicament comprises, by mass, 25-35% of baking soda, 20-30% of slaked lime, 5-10% of magnesium chloride, 15-25% of magnesium oxide, 2-5% of a phosphate compound and 3-7% of calcium sulfate;
adding 20-50 parts of water into the reaction mixture, and stirring to obtain a reaction product; the water content of the reaction product is less than 30%.
2. The dual purpose waste incinerator flue gas deacidification and fly ash treatment method of claim 1, wherein said agent further comprises: 3-5% of auxiliary agent by mass; the auxiliary agent is a sulfur-based compound.
3. The dual-purpose method for deacidifying flue gas and treating fly ash of garbage incinerator according to claim 2, wherein said auxiliary agent comprises one or two of sodium sulfide, sodium polysulfide and calcium sulfide at any mass ratio.
4. The dual-purpose method for deacidifying flue gas and treating fly ash of a garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said phosphate compound is one or more of monocalcium phosphate, sodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium polyphosphate in any mass ratio.
5. The dual-purpose deacidification method for flue gas of garbage incinerator and fly ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein the environment temperature for mixing reaction of said chemical agent and said fly ash is 100-190 ℃.
6. The dual purpose process for deacidifying flue gas and treating fly ash of garbage incinerator as claimed in claim 1, wherein said stirring time is 30-180 s.
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| CN115785778A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-03-14 | 深圳能源环保股份有限公司 | Preparation method of nano coating on inner wall of incinerator |
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