CN114343572B - In-vivo biological nerve information detection method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a biological nerve information in-vivo detection technology, in particular to a detection method of in-vivo biological nerve information. The detection method comprises the steps of placing the nano-diamond color center with terahertz electromagnetic field detection capability in organism nerves, irradiating by adopting laser of a visible light-near infrared light wave band, and polarizing/reading the self-spinning state of the diamond color center, thereby realizing the detection of terahertz signals in the organism nerves. Heavy ion elements are doped in the color center of the nano diamond; the ground state energy level of the color center of the heavy ion element is split at a terahertz frequency band. The nano-diamond color center provided by the invention can be used as an atomic magnitude sensor, has extremely high spatial resolution, has longer coherence time at room temperature, and can realize in-situ and high-sensitivity biological nerve terahertz electromagnetic signal measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a biological nerve information in-vivo detection technology, in particular to a detection method of in-vivo biological nerve information.
Background
The human nervous system is the most scientific, efficient and effective network information system in the world. Based on classical neuroelectric signals and chemical signals theory, people think that physiological mechanisms of information coding, transmission and processing of the nervous system are partially understood, so that low-level functions of the nervous system such as sensation, movement, reflection and the like can be well explained, but based on extensive experimental research on the neuroelectric signals and the chemical signals, general concepts and principles for explaining high-level functions of the nervous system, such as perception, motor control, learning, memory, emotion, will, consciousness and the like, and mental activities of the human brain are still difficult to construct. Therefore, the research on the biological nervous system function mechanism and the neural network mechanism is still a worldwide problem. Due to the application of optoelectronics and imaging technology in neuroscience, some experimental phenomena which cannot be explained based on a traditional neural circuit model are gradually discovered, and the experimental phenomena are mainly represented by two types: one is that the nervous system can be accompanied by photon radiation of infrared band when moving, and the frequency covers the near infrared to middle and far infrared band; another type of phenomenon is that when nerves are irradiated with electromagnetic waves of certain wavelength bands (near infrared to terahertz wavelength bands), a significant biological effect is produced.
Based on the guess of the physical mechanism of the biological nervous system in terahertz biology, the high-frequency electromagnetic signal transmitted in the biological nerve should be a high-frequency electromagnetic field from infrared to terahertz (THz), and the most possible frequency range thereof should be between THz and hundreds THz. The theoretical and experimental researches on the classical nerve electrical signals and chemical signals are relatively deep, but the research on the functions of electromagnetic waves in the nerve signal conduction process still has many problems, and the main reason is that the electromagnetic wave signals generated by nerves are directly detected by lacking of effective detection means.
Due to the unique optical and electrical characteristics of terahertz waves, the terahertz technology has wide application prospects in the fields of astrophysics, biomedicine, nondestructive testing, secret communication, explosive detection, human body security inspection, national defense safety and the like. The terahertz wave band is in a unique position in an electromagnetic spectrum, and the traditional electronic and optical methods are not easy to realize high-sensitivity detection on the terahertz wave band. For the terahertz detector, the terahertz detector is usually divided into a coherent detector and an incoherent detector, and compared with the coherent detector, the incoherent detector is not limited by a mixer, and uncooled detectors such as a Golaycell (Golaycell), a Pyroelectric detector (Pyroelectric) and a Bolometer (Bolometer) can work at room temperature, the sensitivity of the detector is moderate, and the equivalent noise power is generally 10 -9 -10 -10 W/Hz 1/2 But the spectral range of its detection is wide. The noise equivalent power of a semiconductor direct detector working at low temperature, such as an extrinsic Ge photoelectric detector, a quantum well detector and the like, can reach 10 -13 -10 -17 W/Hz 1/2 Sensitivity of its refrigerated detectorHigh and quick response, but is limited by refrigeration conditions, has larger volume, is not beneficial to developing compact detectors, and is not suitable for in-vivo detection of organisms. At present, coherent detection is mainly heterodyne detection, and the heterodyne terahertz detector performs heterodyne mixing on a terahertz signal and a local oscillation signal to an intermediate frequency, and amplifies the intermediate frequency signal to realize detection of the terahertz signal. Although the sensitivity of coherent detection is much higher than that of direct detection, large-scale array integration is difficult to perform due to the limitation of local oscillation signals, and the method is not suitable for in-vivo detection experiments of biological nerves.
In the research of various functions of electromagnetic waves in the nerve signal conduction process, the transmission and absorption spectra of biological nerve samples in middle and far infrared bands can be measured by using the technical scheme that a synchronous radiation light source is matched with a Fourier infrared spectrometer, but the imaging resolution cannot break through the characteristic scale of nerve cells, and the activity of biological nerve tissues is difficult to maintain. In addition, in a technology for realizing active detection of living nerve high-frequency electromagnetic conduction, a biological nerve is placed in a nerve bend which is filled with physiological liquid and circularly maintains the activity of nerve tissues, so that the problems of large interference of incident electromagnetic waves, easy inactivation of nerves and the like in the detection of nerve high-frequency electromagnetic conduction can be effectively avoided, but in-situ electromagnetic wave signal detection of the biological nerve cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for detecting in-vivo biological nerve information, which is characterized in that a specific diamond color center is placed in an organism nerve, and the spinning state of the diamond color center is polarized/read by adopting laser of visible light-near infrared wave band, so that the detection of terahertz signals in the organism nerve is realized.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a nanodiamond color center doped with a heavy ion element;
the value of the electron spin ground state splitting energy of the heavy ion element is between 0.1 and 50 THz.
Further, the heavy ion elements include: at least one of the group IV elements or rare earth elements is preferably tin (Sn), lead (Pb), cerium (Ce), or neodymium (Nd).
The diamond color centers doped with different ions are sensitive to different electromagnetic wave frequencies, such as Ge, sn and Pb which are respectively sensitive to electromagnetic waves with the center frequencies of 150GHz, 0.85THz and 5.7 THz.
The diamond color center is an ideal nano biological probe due to low biological toxicity and optical stability, and when the nano biological probe is placed in biological nerve tissues, the electromagnetic field meeting energy level resonance in the biological nerve tissues can change the spin state of electrons in the diamond color center.
The invention injects the nano-diamond color center of which the electron spin state is sensitive to the terahertz electromagnetic field into the nervous tissue. The terahertz field of the ground state splitting energy resonance of the nano diamond color center electron spin state can regulate and control the electron spin state, the fluorescence counting rates corresponding to different electron spin states are greatly different, namely the radiation fluorescence intensities corresponding to the spin states are different, and therefore initialization and reading of the diamond color center spin state can be achieved through visible light-near infrared band laser.
According to the method, the detection of terahertz absorption or emission is transferred to an optical waveband through an Optical Detection Magnetic Resonance (ODMR), the detection sensitivity is improved by utilizing the enhancement of photon energy, the signal to noise ratio is improved by a method of detecting and accumulating for multiple times, and the spinning state of a diamond color center is effectively distinguished.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the nanodiamond color center, comprising:
the heavy ion elements are implanted into the nano-diamond crystal by adopting an ion implantation method, and the annealing is carried out for 5 to 10 hours under the condition of 600 to 1000 ℃.
Furthermore, the implantation depth of the ion implantation method is 5-15 nm; and/or the density of the ion-implanted surface is 1 to 2X 10 9 Per cm 2 。
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for detecting in vivo biological neural information, including:
(1) Placing the nanodiamond color center of any one of claims 1-3 into a nerve of a living being;
(2) Positioning the color center of the nano-diamond, irradiating by using laser in a visible light-near infrared light band, and pumping the color center of the diamond;
(3) And detecting the change of the fluorescence intensity of the color center of the nano-diamond, determining the spin state of the color center of the nano-diamond, and detecting the terahertz signal.
Further, the step (1) is specifically that the nanodiamond color center surface comprises a phospholipid bilayer, and the phospholipid bilayer is injected around subcutaneous nerve tissues of the organism and phagocytized into nerve cells by the nerve cells.
Further, in the step (3), the signal-to-noise ratio is improved through multiple detection accumulation.
The terahertz signal in the biological nerve can change the self-spinning state of the color center of the nano diamond, so that the fluorescence counting rate of the color center of the diamond is changed, and the existence and the intensity of the terahertz signal are judged according to the change of the fluorescence intensity.
The invention realizes the polarization of the spinning state of the color center of the nano-diamond through the pump light, improves the signal to noise ratio through multiple detection and accumulation, and effectively distinguishes the spinning state of the color center of the diamond.
Further, the positioning the diamond color center is positioning the diamond color center through an optical confocal system; and/or, the detecting the change of the fluorescence intensity of the diamond color center is detecting the change of the fluorescence intensity of the diamond color center through an avalanche photodiode.
The invention further provides the application of the diamond color center or the diamond color center prepared by the preparation method in terahertz electromagnetic wave detection in biological nerves.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a biological nerve information in-vivo detection method based on a novel nanoscale spin sensor. The novel nanoscale spin sensor is a nanodiamond color center, has the capability of detecting terahertz frequency band electromagnetic signals, and adopts visible light-near infrared band laser to polarize/read the self-spinning state of the spin sensor, so that the detection of terahertz signals in biological nerves is realized.
The terahertz field is detected and transferred to the optical band by the optical detection magnetic resonance technology, so that the detection sensitivity is improved.
The terahertz wave band detector can realize the change of the detection frequency band by doping different ions, thereby covering the terahertz wave band in a large range.
The terahertz electromagnetic signal detector can perform in-situ high-resolution detection on terahertz electromagnetic signals in biological nervous tissues, and can be applied to the fields of biological tissue imaging, terahertz single photon detection research and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure and energy levels of a diamond color center particle provided in example 1 of the present invention; wherein a is a structural schematic diagram of the diamond color center particle, and b is an energy level of the diamond color center particle.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a detection platform of a diamond color center spin state provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
This example provides a method for preparing nanodiamond color center particles, specifically including:
the diamond crystal is suitable for a single spin magnetic resonance system and specifically comprises the following components: (1) the absence of spin-orbit coupling of the diamond crystal; (2) The bonding between atoms in the diamond is strong, and the influence of lattice vibration on the electronic state is weak; (3) Isotope in diamond 13 The abundance of C is relatively low, only around 1.1% of natural diamond, the number of atoms with nuclear magnetic moments is small, and this abundance can also be greatly reduced in the produced diamond material by human control. These three mechanisms make the spin decoherence mechanism in diamond crystal weaker and the spin coherence retention time long.
The natural diamond is generated in the high-temperature and high-pressure environment of the earth crust, the diamond is a stable phase of carbon under the condition, the purity of diamond crystals is very high when the color centers of the diamond are prepared, and most of the naturally generated diamond can not meet the experimental requirements. One of the two methods is that graphite or powder diamond pure carbon substances are put into mixed solution of melting transition metals (cobalt, iron, nickel, chromium, manganese and the like) at proper temperature and pressure, the pure carbon substances are dissolved and deposited on a growth substrate with lower temperature, and the pressure of 5GPa and the temperature of 1300 ℃ can be reached in the reaction process, so the diamond crystal is called as high-temperature high-pressure (HPHT) diamond; the method has the characteristics of high growth speed, low purity and difficult control of lattice defects, and the other method is that carbon atoms can be deposited on the surface of a substrate and stacked in a mode of single crystal molecule epitaxy in a high-temperature plasma environment for the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) growth of the diamond crystal, so that the growth speed is low, but the single crystal has high purity and higher cost. In the present invention, high purity diamond crystals grown by chemical vapor deposition are used as a base material for preparing diamond color centers.
The invention introduces heavy ion elements into high-purity diamond crystals by an ion implantation method to prepare diamond XV color centers (X represents IV main group elements such as Si, ge, sn, pb and the like), and high-energy particle beams are injected into diamond samples within hundred nanometers of depth and generate cavities. The holes can move in the crystal lattice at the temperature of more than 600 ℃ and the injected heavy ions can be kept still, so that the holes can be migrated to the ortho positions of the immobile heavy ions with a certain probability after the diamond sample injected with the heavy ions is annealed for several hours in a vacuum high-temperature environment of more than 600 ℃ and less than 1000 ℃, thereby forming the color center of the heavy ion doped diamond.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a diamond color center, and doped heavy ions are positioned between two adjacent carbon atom vacancies to form the heavy ion doped diamond color center with stable structural and optical characteristics. The IV main group elements have the same outer layer electronic structure, and the formed diamond color centers have similar photophysical characteristics, so that PbV is used - For example, the ground state, which is separated by spin-orbit interaction and crystal strain into a lower branch and an upper branch separated by Δ GS, and the zero-field cleave energy Δ GS =5.7THz, each branch containing two degenerate spin-daughter orders, has an energy difference of 2.4eV from the excited state.
XV - The energy level of the diamond color center is shown as the figure1, and is shown as b, and XV in different spin states after laser excitation - The fluorescence intensities produced by the color centers are different, which allows the present invention to achieve XV through the variation of fluorescence intensity - Optical readout of spin states.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a detection platform for a self-spinning state of a diamond color center based on the diamond color center provided in embodiment 1, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the detection platform mainly comprises an optical confocal system, an adjustable magnetic field system, a terahertz system and an electronic control system. The optical part core is a confocal system and is mainly used for initializing and reading the diamond color center single spin for room temperature equipment.
As shown in fig. 2, after passing through an acousto-optic modulator and a beam expander, the laser light with a wavelength of 450nm is focused on a diamond color center by a microscope lens with a high numerical aperture (NA = 1.4). Fluorescence emitted by the single spin of the diamond is collected by a single photon detector after spatial filtering. The critical parameter lateral resolution is about 200nm, which is mainly limited by the optical diffraction limit of the lens (0.61 λ/NA). By using the precise displacement table, the adjustable precision can reach the nanometer level, the stroke can reach the hundred-micron level, and the device can be positioned at the position to be detected in a large range with high precision. In addition, the optical system can reduce the background noise through the spatial filtering of the aperture diaphragm.
For a two-level system of a diamond color center, after laser with photon energy higher than the ground state and the excited state is extremely poor in energy, the fluorescence intensities of different spin states in the ground state are different, namely, the optical reading of the spin state can be realized through the change of the fluorescence intensity, and after continuous laser irradiation (in a mu s magnitude), the population degree of two states can be pumped to the lower level of the ground state, so that the initialization and the detection of the spin state of the diamond color center are realized. Specifically, the spin state is different, the excited state lifetime is also different, and after pumping by laser, after the spin is circulated by the ground state-excited state-ground state, the spin is transferred to the ground state lower state with high fidelity, and the spin polarization and readout can be realized by the method at low temperature or room temperature. The time for detecting the state of the diamond color center by laser excitation is only about hundred nanoseconds, and a method of detecting and accumulating for many times in an experiment is needed to improve the signal to noise ratio and effectively distinguish the state of the diamond color center.
In a diamond color center terahertz detection experiment platform, electronic equipment required for control and reading is extremely important. These electronics include a pulse sequencer, an arbitrary waveform generator, a lock-in amplifier, and a data acquisition card. In order to realize closed-loop control, system integration and improve the electronic device according to the requirements of an experiment platform, the invention designs the autonomous controllable electronic device for the test system. Due to the flexibility of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), the development of hardware logic functions is mainly realized by electronic devices in the detection system based on the FPGAs.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a terahertz detection method in a living body, which is based on the detection platform of the diamond color center spin state provided in embodiment 2, and comprises the following specific steps:
1. preparing nanometer diamond color center crystal particles by ball milling, injecting Pb element into high-purity diamond crystal by ion implantation with depth of 10nm and ion implantation surface density of about 10 9 Per cm 2 。
And then annealing for 10 hours in a vacuum high-temperature environment at 650 ℃, so that lattice cavities in the crystal move, and heavy ions are positioned between the two lattice cavities to form a nano-diamond color center with stable optical characteristics.
2. The nano diamond color center crystal particles are placed in living biological nerves (white mice or bullfrogs) and placed on an optical detection magnetic resonance detection platform.
The phospholipid bilayer is wrapped on the surface of the nano-diamond color center particle, injected into the periphery of a living organism subcutaneous nerve tissue and phagocytosed by nerve cells to enter the nerve cells, and the nano-diamond color center particle has better penetrability in the biological tissue due to the narrow bandwidth fluorescence of the nano-diamond color center radiation near infrared band.
3. The diamond color center is positioned by an optical confocal system, the laser modulated by time domain is used for pumping the diamond color center, and the avalanche photodiode detects the change of the radiation fluorescence intensity.
The fluorescence intensity change was detected by an avalanche photodiode upon irradiation with light of 10mW intensity at a wavelength of 450 nm.
4. And 3, repeating the step for 1000 times to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and effectively distinguish the spinning state of the diamond color center.
The result shows that the difference of the fluorescence counting rate of the different spin states of the diamond color center is about 30 percent, so that the different spin states can be effectively distinguished through fluorescence detection.
Although the invention has been described in detail with respect to the general description and the specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made based on the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all such modifications and alterations be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The nanodiamond color center is characterized in that heavy ion elements are doped in the nanodiamond color center;
the heavy ion element is tin, lead, cerium or neodymium;
the nanodiamond color center is applied to detection of in vivo biological nerve information and comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing the nanodiamond color center within a living nerve;
(2) Positioning the color center of the nano-diamond, irradiating by using laser in a visible light-near infrared light band, and pumping the color center of the diamond;
(3) Detecting the change of the fluorescence intensity of the color center of the nano-diamond, determining the self-spinning state of the color center of the nano-diamond, and detecting a terahertz signal;
specifically, the surface of the color center of the nanodiamond is wrapped with a phospholipid bilayer, and the phospholipid bilayer is injected around subcutaneous nerve tissues of the organism and phagocytized by nerve cells into the nerve cells;
the preparation method of the nanodiamond color center comprises the following steps:
implanting the heavy ion elements into the nano diamond crystal by adopting an ion implantation method, and annealing for 5 to 10 hours at the temperature of 600 to 1000 ℃;
the implantation depth of the ion implantation method is 5-15nm; the density of the ion implantation surface is 1 to 2X 10 9 Per cm 2 。
2. The nanodiamond color center of claim 1, wherein the heavy ion element is doped between the vacancies of two adjacent carbon atoms of the nanodiamond crystal.
3. The nanodiamond color center of claim 1, wherein signal-to-noise ratio is increased by multiple detection accumulation in step (3).
4. The nanodiamond color center of claim 1, wherein the positioning the diamond color center is positioning a diamond color center by an optical confocal system; and the detection of the change of the fluorescence intensity of the diamond color center is to detect the change of the fluorescence intensity of the diamond color center through an avalanche photodiode.
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| WO2014210486A1 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Dirk Robert Englund | Wide-field sensing using nitrogen vacancies |
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