CN114337775A - Air-ground communication network architecture, ground base station and base station array antenna switching method - Google Patents
Air-ground communication network architecture, ground base station and base station array antenna switching method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an air-ground communication network architecture, a ground base station and a base station array antenna switching method, and belongs to the field of aviation communication. The method comprises the following steps: the base station monitors the wireless link state of the current antenna as a working antenna; if the wireless link state is abnormal, the base station judges that the airplane position information sent by the airborne terminal can be received in real time; if the airplane position information cannot be received, the base station polls 4 antennas which are closest to the current antenna, and meanwhile, sends a switching instruction to a base station Access Controller (AC); if the target antenna which can be communicated with the airborne terminal is polled, the base station takes the target antenna as a new working antenna and sends a switch-back instruction to the AC.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an air-ground communication network architecture, a ground base station and a base station array antenna switching method, and belongs to the field of aviation communication.
Background
The aviation air-ground communication network system is a wide-area aviation communication system for air-ground bidirectional communication, and aims to enable a ground control center to master the flight dynamics of an air plane in real time and send entertainment information such as voice, video and the like to the air plane, or to send a reminding or taking over plane command to an airplane set from the ground control center through an air-ground communication network when the airplane is in an abnormal state.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of this patent: an air-ground communication network architecture, a ground base station and a base station array antenna switching method are provided, and wide-area high-reliability low-delay bidirectional transmission of air-ground communication data is realized.
The technical scheme of this patent:
an air-to-ground communication network architecture comprising: the control center, the switchboard, the base station access controller AC and the base station; the base stations comprise airport ground base stations and other distributed ground base stations; all base stations are additionally provided with high-gain linear power amplifiers;
the control center is electrically connected with the base station access controller through the switch, and the base station access controller is electrically connected with the airport ground base station through the optical fiber network or the high-speed network bridge; the coverage airspace of adjacent base stations is overlapped; the base station array antenna comprises 16 directional antennas, and the 16 directional antennas are installed in a 2-layer deployment mode; the number of the upper layer is 6, the number of the lower layer is 10, the pitching angle of the upper layer antenna is 70 degrees, and the pitching angle of the lower layer antenna is 20 degrees; in the horizontal direction, each upper layer antenna covers 60 degrees, and each lower layer antenna covers 36 degrees;
the airport ground base station is arranged at an airport non-shielding position and is connected with ground end equipment, a high-gain linear power amplifier and an array antenna of the base station by using a feeder line; the airport ground base station carries out spectrum resource allocation and switching control on the base station where the flying target position is located through the access controller; the central exchanger transmits the video data and communication data of all base stations back to the control center through the internal local area network.
A ground base station of an air-ground communication network system and a base station array antenna switching method are applied to a base station of an air-ground communication network architecture, and comprise the following steps:
the base station monitors the wireless link state of the current antenna as a working antenna;
if the wireless link state is abnormal, the base station judges that the airplane position information sent by the airborne terminal can be received in real time;
if the airplane position information cannot be received, the base station polls 4 antennas which are closest to the current antenna, and meanwhile, sends a switching instruction to a base station Access Controller (AC);
if the target antenna which can be communicated with the airborne terminal is polled, the base station takes the target antenna as a new working antenna and sends a switch-back instruction to the AC.
The method further comprises the following steps:
if no antenna that can communicate with the on-board end is found by polling the surrounding 4 antennas for more than 5 rounds, the base station polls the remaining 12 antennas until an antenna that can communicate with the on-board end is found.
A ground base station of an air-ground communication network system and a base station array antenna switching method are applied to a base station Access Controller (AC) of an air-ground communication network architecture, and comprise the following steps:
and the AC switches the wireless link to other communication normal base stations according to the switching instruction.
The selection method of other communication normal base stations comprises the following steps:
in a statistical period, the AC receiver carries the bit error rate information of the base station counted by the terminal;
if the error rate information of all base stations is received, the AC controls the wireless link to be switched to the base station with the lowest error rate;
if the error rate information is not received, the AC controls the wireless link to switch the base station according to the longitude and latitude of the base station;
and if the error rate information of part of the base stations is received, the AC controls the wireless link to be switched to the base station with the lowest error rate in the part of the base stations.
The method further comprises the following steps:
and the AC switches the wireless link to the target antenna of the base station according to the switch-back instruction, and reestablishes the wireless link.
The coverage area of each antenna is planned in advance, and the basic method for switching the antennas by all the base stations is to calculate the coverage area of the antenna where the airplane is located according to the satellite positioning position of the airplane and then switch to the antenna.
The advantage of this patent is:
the method ensures the feasibility and reliability of air-ground bidirectional data transmission of the aviation air-ground communication network system by using a base station switching and array antenna switching parallel processing mode in the coverage area of the base station.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a basic work flow of an air-to-ground communication network system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a communication link interface;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a base station handover algorithm;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an array antenna model;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of a base station array antenna polling algorithm.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an air-ground communication network architecture, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: the system comprises a control center 1, an exchanger 2, a base station access controller 3 and a base station 4; the base stations comprise airport ground base stations and other distributed ground base stations; all base stations 4 are equipped with high-gain linear power amplifiers, the working flow of which is shown in fig. 2-5.
Step 1: overall workflow
The basic working flow of the aviation air-ground communication network system is that a plurality of base stations are deployed on the ground, each base station covers air-ground communication within a certain range, the base station which is switched and accessed at present is calculated according to the current satellite positioning position and the communication link quality between each base station in the flight process of the airplane, the airplane and the current accessed base station form an air-ground communication link, and the communication between the end of the airplane and the ground control center is realized through the ground link between the base stations and the ground control center.
Step 2: airborne terminal double-antenna grading reception
The airborne terminal equipment receives the ground base station transmitting signals through the double antennas arranged at different positions of the airplane body, then carries out combination processing, and does not receive and process the channel with poor signal-to-noise ratio when the signal-to-noise ratio of the two paths of signals is greatly different, so that the problem of body shielding and the problem of multipath resistance are solved, and stable data transmission under the condition of large attitude of the airplane is ensured.
And step 3: data routing
The aviation air-ground communication link provides an Ethernet interface for the outside, realizes the routing forwarding transmission of the link layer Ethernet data frame, and is equivalent to a transparent transmission network link for an application system based on TCP/IP network communication.
And 4, step 4: base station handover
And the airborne terminal equipment selects the base station according to the position of the airplane and the communication quality among the base stations and switches the base stations. The aircraft is currently communicated with a certain base station, the satellite positioning data of the aircraft is broadcasted to all other base stations through the base station, and after the other base stations receive the position data of the aircraft, the coverage area of the antenna where the aircraft is currently located is calculated, and the working antenna is switched to the antenna. Seamless handover of communication can be ensured due to overlapping coverage areas between adjacent antennas.
And 5: base station array antenna control
The base station array antenna comprises 16 directional antennas, and 16 antennas are installed in a 2-layer deployment mode; the number of the upper layer is 6, the number of the lower layer is 10, the pitching angle of the upper layer antenna is 70 degrees, and the pitching angle of the lower layer antenna is 20 degrees; in the horizontal direction, the upper layer antenna covers 60 degrees each, and the lower layer antenna covers 36 degrees each, so that stable data transmission of the airplane at any flying height is guaranteed.
Since the coverage area of each directional antenna is planned in advance, the basic method for switching antennas by all base stations is to calculate the coverage area of the antenna where the airplane is located according to the satellite positioning position of the airplane and then switch to the antenna. At the initial stage of power-up operation, the base station polls each antenna for antennas that can communicate with the aircraft.
Under the conditions of initial power-on operation of the base station and interruption of communication with the airborne terminal, the position information of the airplane does not exist at the moment, so that each antenna needs to be polled and switched to search the airborne terminal and establish communication with the airborne terminal. Based on the fact that an aircraft cannot fly through the coverage area of multiple antennas in a very short time, the basic process of antenna polling is to poll antennas around the currently operating antenna and then expand the antenna polling range until all antennas are polled.
The invention provides a ground base station of an air-ground communication network system and a base station array antenna switching method, which are applied to an air-ground communication network architecture and comprise the following steps:
in order to achieve the condition of airspace coverage, an implementation mode of using multiple base stations and sector coverage is designed. The antenna selects a sector array antenna to carry out airspace coverage, the power of the airport center is increased through a ground 30W power amplifier, and an antenna array is formed by using a plurality of high-gain directional sector antennas with horizontal lobe widths of 45 degrees, so that the design of the airspace coverage range is realized.
The airspace coverage system realizes multi-machine concurrent measurement and control by using a TDMA mode. The TDMA can make full use of the downlink frequency spectrum during data transmission, effectively isolate the interference between the frequency spectrums, and effectively improve the frequency spectrum utilization rate of the system for transmitting asymmetric services. In order to realize reliable multi-target high-bandwidth multi-machine communication target, the air-ground communication link of each airplane uses exclusive frequency spectrum bandwidth so as to meet the requirement of multi-channel high-throughput concurrent transmission and ensure sufficient non-interference channel isolation, the air-ground communication link adopts fixed frequency and channel bandwidth which are common to the whole network, and the frequency spectrum resource occupation is controllable.
The scheme can realize a relatively simple and reliable rapid handover scheme. Because the air-ground communication links of the RF sub-network among the base stations adopt a TDMA mode and the uplink and the downlink in the base stations adopt a TDD mode, the same frequency interference among the key high-bandwidth air-ground communication links among the base stations is avoided, and the time channel resources are utilized to the maximum extent. In order to realize the function of network access and network exit in any chance, the same frequency channel is uniformly adopted in the whole network of the ground-air communication link, in order to avoid the interference of the same frequency and the same time slot among the base stations, the uplink transmitting time slot of each base station aviation air-ground communication network device is scheduled through AC equipment, a polling mechanism is adopted, the situation that the air airborne aviation air-ground communication network device can only receive an uplink scheduling data composite frame of one base station aviation air-ground communication network device in each uplink receiving time slot is ensured, the local lower wheel transmitting time slot and the transmitting frequency can be immediately adjusted according to the received information, the air transmission is ensured to be free from collision, the quick handover without frame loss is realized, and the AC monitors and automatically eliminates the multiple base station repeated receiving data which possibly appear (possibly strong out-of-band signal receiving) besides scheduling the base station uplink transmitting.
As shown in fig. 4, the base station array antenna combination consists of 16 elements with gain of 16 dbi. The antenna combination adopts the following form: the antenna is combined into two layers, and 16 antennas consisting of 10 unit antennas at the bottom layer and 6 antennas at the upper layer form a circular array body. The 16 antennas pass through a single-pole 16-throw switch to finally give a signal, which is actually equivalent to using only one directional antenna in work.
Claims (8)
1. An air-to-ground communication network architecture, comprising: the control center, the switchboard, the base station access controller AC and the base station; the base stations comprise airport ground base stations and other distributed ground base stations; all base stations are additionally provided with high-gain linear power amplifiers;
the control center is electrically connected with the base station access controller through the switch, and the base station access controller is electrically connected with the airport ground base station through the optical fiber network or the high-speed network bridge; the coverage airspace of adjacent base stations is overlapped; the base station array antenna comprises 16 directional antennas, and 16 antennas are installed in a 2-layer deployment mode; the number of the upper layer is 6, the number of the lower layer is 10, the pitching angle of the upper layer antenna is 70 degrees, and the pitching angle of the lower layer antenna is 20 degrees; in the horizontal direction, each upper layer antenna covers 60 degrees, and each lower layer antenna covers 36 degrees;
the airport ground base station is arranged at an airport non-shielding position and is connected with ground end equipment, a high-gain linear power amplifier and an array antenna of the base station by using a feeder line; the airport ground base station carries out spectrum resource allocation and switching control on the base station where the flying target position is located through the access controller; the central exchanger transmits the video data and communication data of all base stations back to the control center through the internal local area network.
2. An air-ground communication network system ground base station and base station array antenna switching method, which is applied to the base station of the air-ground communication network architecture of claim 1, and comprises:
the base station monitors the wireless link state of the current antenna as a working antenna;
if the wireless link state is abnormal, the base station judges that the airplane position information sent by the airborne terminal can be received in real time;
if the airplane position information cannot be received, the base station polls 4 antennas which are closest to the current antenna, and meanwhile, sends a switching instruction to a base station Access Controller (AC);
if the target antenna which can be communicated with the airborne terminal is polled, the base station takes the target antenna as a new working antenna and sends a switch-back instruction to the AC.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
if no antenna that can communicate with the on-board end is found by polling the surrounding 4 antennas for more than 5 rounds, the base station polls the remaining 12 antennas until an antenna that can communicate with the on-board end is found.
4. An air-ground communication network system ground base station and base station array antenna switching method, which is applied to the base station access controller AC of the air-ground communication network architecture of claim 1, and comprises:
and the AC switches the wireless link to other communication normal base stations according to the switching instruction.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the selection method of other communication normal base stations comprises:
in a statistical period, the AC receiver carries the bit error rate information of the base station counted by the terminal;
if the error rate information of all base stations is received, the AC controls the wireless link to be switched to the base station with the lowest error rate;
if the error rate information is not received, the AC controls the wireless link to switch the base station according to the longitude and latitude of the base station;
and if the error rate information of part of the base stations is received, the AC controls the wireless link to be switched to the base station with the lowest error rate in the part of the base stations.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
and the AC switches the wireless link to the target antenna of the base station according to the switch-back instruction, and reestablishes the wireless link.
7. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the coverage area of each antenna is pre-planned and the basic method for all base stations to switch antennas is to calculate the antenna coverage area in which the aircraft is located based on the satellite-based position of the aircraft and then switch to that antenna.
8. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method according to any one of claims 2-7.
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