CN114337773B - Narrow-band interference detection and channel selection method for VDES satellite - Google Patents

Narrow-band interference detection and channel selection method for VDES satellite Download PDF

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CN114337773B
CN114337773B CN202111477410.1A CN202111477410A CN114337773B CN 114337773 B CN114337773 B CN 114337773B CN 202111477410 A CN202111477410 A CN 202111477410A CN 114337773 B CN114337773 B CN 114337773B
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pilot signal
narrowband interference
channel quality
value
quality indication
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CN114337773A (en
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梁旭文
王雪帆
李宗旺
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Tethys Electronic Technology Shanghai Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a detection method of narrowband interference of a VDES satellite, which carries out the following operations on each pilot signal in signaling: calculating the power spectrum density of the pilot signal, setting a sliding window for the power spectrum density, and calculating the mean value and variance of the power spectrum density in the sliding window, wherein the sliding windows are overlapped with each other, and finally, performing linear fitting on the calculated mean value and variance, and judging whether the pilot signal has narrow-band interference according to the linear slope obtained by fitting. Wherein, the signaling is sent to the satellite by the ship station in the RAC time slot, and spread spectrum signal transmission is adopted.

Description

Narrow-band interference detection and channel selection method for VDES satellite
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite communication, in particular to a narrow-band interference detection and channel selection method of a VDES satellite.
Background
The very high frequency data exchange system (VHF Data Exchange System, VDES) is an enhanced and upgraded version of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) for ships in the field of mobile services on water. On the basis of integrating the existing AIS function, special application message (ASM) and broadband very high frequency data exchange (VDE) functions are added, so that the pressure of the existing AIS data communication can be effectively relieved. Partial channels are also provided in the VDES system for use by the satellites, enabling remote bi-directional data exchange between the satellites and the vessel.
In very high frequency data exchange system to satellite communication system (VDE-SAT system), spatial links are often subject to various disturbances. The interference includes broadband interference caused by other VDE-SAT systems on one hand, and narrowband interference caused by electromagnetic devices, unknown spurious signals and the like inside the VDE-SAT systems on the other hand.
According to technical standard G1139 (VDES technical specification, june 2019, third edition) established by international navigation mark organization (IALA), the selection of a channel (Link ID) only needs to satisfy the threshold of Channel Quality Indication (CQI) at the time of its signal transmission. However, in the technical standard G1139, the calculation of CQI does not consider any scenario of narrowband interference, but considers all interference as wideband interference. Therefore, the calculated CQI value cannot correctly represent the channel condition, and further the reasonable selection of the adaptive modulation and coding mode can be affected, so that the communication performance of the whole system is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at part or all of the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a detection method of narrowband interference of a VDES satellite, which independently detects each pilot signal in signaling, wherein the signaling adopts spread spectrum signal transmission, and the detection of each pilot signal comprises the following steps:
calculating an autocorrelation function and a power spectral density of the pilot signal;
setting a sliding window for the power spectrum density, and calculating the mean value and the variance of the power spectrum density in the sliding window, wherein the sliding windows are at least partially overlapped with each other;
and performing linear fitting on the calculated mean and variance, and determining whether the pilot signal has narrow-band interference according to the linear slope obtained by fitting.
Further, the linear fitting includes:
taking the mean value as a horizontal axis and the variance as a vertical axis, and forming a scatter diagram by the mean value and the variance in each sliding window; and
all the scattered points were linearly fitted.
Further, the linear fitting is implemented using a least squares method.
Further, the determining whether the pilot signal has the narrowband interference according to the slope of the straight line obtained by fitting includes:
if the absolute value of the slope of the straight line obtained by fitting is smaller than a preset value, the pilot signal is free from narrowband interference; and
and if the absolute value of the slope of the straight line obtained by fitting is larger than a preset value, the pilot signal has narrow-band interference.
Based on the above detection method of narrowband interference, another aspect of the present invention further provides a channel selection method of a VDES satellite, including:
detecting whether each pilot signal in the signaling is interfered by a narrow band;
determining whether narrowband interference has persistence in the signaling receiving process:
if yes, selecting a spread modulation coding mode; and
if not, correcting the channel quality indication, calculating the predicted channel quality indication, and selecting a channel according to the predicted channel quality indication.
Further, determining the persistence of the narrowband interference includes:
calculating the weight of each pilot signal subject to narrowband interference in the signaling, and calculating the total weight:
if the total weight is greater than a threshold, narrowband interference is persistent; and
if the total weight is less than or equal to a threshold, the narrowband interference is not persistent, wherein the weight calculation of the pilot signal subjected to the narrowband interference comprises:
if the pilot signal is the first pilot signal or the position of the last pilot signal is not interfered by the narrow band, the weight of the pilot signal is 1; and
if the pilot signal is the i-th pilot signal continuously interfered by the narrow band, the weight of the pilot signal is 1+c3 i, wherein C3 is a preset value.
Further, the initial value of the threshold is equal to the total weight of pilot signals receiving narrowband interference at N/2 consecutive, where N is the total number of pilots in the signaling; and
after each transmission is completed, the threshold value is updated once, including:
if the narrowband interference is judged to be non-persistent and the transmission is failed, the threshold value is reduced by a first value;
if the narrowband interference is judged to be sustainable, the threshold is increased by a second value, and the second value is smaller than the first value; otherwise
The threshold is unchanged.
Further, the correcting the channel quality indication includes:
fitting a second straight line by adopting a clustering algorithm according to a scatter diagram formed by the mean value and the variance of the power spectral density of the pilot signal in the sliding window, wherein the second straight line is parallel to the x axis;
calculating the distance between each scattered point and the second straight line, and correcting the points with the distances larger than the specified value, wherein the method comprises the following steps: taking one scattered point which is shortest from the point on the second straight line as a corrected point; and
and determining the corrected channel quality indication according to the corrected point.
Further, calculating the predicted channel quality indication includes:
and carrying out weighted average on the historical channel quality indication and the corrected channel quality indication to obtain a predicted channel quality indication.
Further, the channel selection method further includes:
if the ship station uses the determined channel to transmit successfully, adding the predicted channel quality indication into the calculation of the historical channel quality indication; otherwise
And adding the corrected channel quality indication to the calculation of the historical channel quality indication.
The invention provides a method for detecting narrowband interference of a VDES satellite, which utilizes the statistical characteristic of the power spectrum density of a pilot signal to detect the narrowband interference existing in a communication frequency band. Meanwhile, aiming at the problem of communication performance degradation caused by possible measurement errors of channel quality indication CQI, a CQI correction method is provided, the method predicts the persistence of narrowband interference in a closed loop feedback mode, corrects the CQI according to a prediction result, and then performs channel selection according to the corrected CQI. Because the influence of the narrowband interference on the CQI measurement result is considered, compared with the prior art, the channel quality can be measured more accurately, and the reliability of a communication link can be effectively improved, so that the transmission failure rate caused by the narrowband interference is reduced.
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To further clarify the above and other advantages and features of embodiments of the present invention, a more particular description of embodiments of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. In the drawings, for clarity, the same or corresponding parts will be designated by the same or similar reference numerals.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for detecting narrowband interference of a VDES satellite according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a channel selection method of a VDES satellite according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the following description, the present invention is described with reference to various embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the embodiments can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other alternative and/or additional methods. In other instances, well-known methods have not been shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention. Similarly, for purposes of explanation, specific numbers and configurations are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present invention. However, the invention is not limited to these specific details.
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "the embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention describe steps in a specific order, however, this is only for illustrating the specific embodiment, and not for limiting the order of steps. In contrast, in different embodiments of the present invention, the sequence of each step may be adjusted according to the adjustment of the actual requirement.
The present invention is based on the following insight of the inventors: in a very high frequency data exchange system and a satellite communication system (VDE-SAT system), a space link is interfered by a narrowband interference caused by an internal electromagnetic device, an unknown spurious signal and the like in addition to broadband interference. The reliability of the space link subjected to narrowband interference can be improved by adopting a spread spectrum mode, but the transmission rate of the space link is reduced. On the contrary, if a high-order modulation mode is adopted to improve the transmission efficiency, the error rate caused by narrowband interference is improved, and especially the signal of the VDE-SAT system is a burst signal, which directly relates to the success or failure of information transmission.
In VDE-SAT systems, the selection of a channel (Link ID) is based on a channel quality indicator CQI, as specified by the G1139 standard. However, in the current G1139 standard proposal, when calculating the channel quality indicator CQI, any scenario of narrowband interference is not considered, but all interference is regarded as wideband interference. This causes the narrowband interference experienced by the spread spectrum signal to spread during despreading, and the energy of the narrowband interference is dispersed across the entire transmission bandwidth, reducing the actual severity of the narrowband interference. Therefore, the CQI measured by the spread spectrum signal can not correctly represent the channel condition, so that reasonable selection of the adaptive modulation and coding mode is affected, and the communication performance of the whole system is reduced.
The inventor further researches and discovers that, because the VDE-SAT system adopts a communication mode of burst signals and the low-orbit satellite communication has high dynamic property, the problem of persistence of narrowband interference in a communication Link is an important factor influencing the selection of a channel (Link ID). Specifically, if the narrowband interference is not persistent, the CQI value is low, and a Link ID with a high rate cannot be selected; if the narrowband interference is persistent, the CQI value will be higher, and if the non-spread communication mode is selected, the error rate will be extremely high, so the existence of the narrowband interference and the problem of the persistence of the narrowband interference will seriously affect the communication quality and the communication rate.
Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of CQI for channel quality measurement, it is first required to accurately determine whether narrowband interference exists and whether the narrowband interference has persistence. In the field of wireless communication, for narrowband interference detection in a wideband signal, the most common method is to calculate a frequency spectrum and then consider the ratio of the energy of the current frequency to the peak-to-average ratio. The scheme has simple calculation and low energy consumption, has good detection capability for single-peak interference, but the detection capability is reduced along with the increase of the bandwidth of the narrow-band interference, and the narrow-band interference with the bandwidth close to 1/4 of the total bandwidth can not be detected almost. On the basis, moving average detection is extended, whether narrow-band interference is received or not is judged by computing the average value of adjacent points and clustering, but the single-peak interference still cannot be detected.
Based on this, the inventor firstly proposes a detection method of narrowband interference of a VDES satellite. In the VDE-SAT system, the shipyard can send signaling to the satellite in the RAC time slot, all messages in the RAC time slot are transmitted by adopting spread spectrum signals, and pilot signals are interspersed in the signals, so in the embodiment of the invention, the detection of the narrowband interference is actually that the satellite judges whether each pilot signal of the signaling is interfered by the narrowband according to all pilot signals in the signaling sent by the shipyard at one time. Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting narrowband interference of a VDES satellite according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, a method for detecting narrowband interference of a VDES satellite, each pilot signal in signaling performs the following operations:
first, in step 101, a power spectral density is calculated. Calculating an autocorrelation function and a power spectral density of the pilot signal;
next, in step 102, a sliding window is set, and the mean and variance are calculated. Setting a sliding window with a certain length for the power spectrum density, and calculating the mean value and the variance of the power spectrum density in the sliding window, wherein the sliding windows are at least partially overlapped with each other;
next, in step 103, a linear fit is performed. And performing linear fitting on the mean value and the variance of the power spectrum density calculated in each sliding window. In one embodiment of the invention, the linear fit comprises: drawing the mean value and variance of the power spectrum density calculated in each sliding window into a scatter diagram by taking the mean value as a horizontal axis and the variance as a vertical axis, and performing linear fitting on all the scatter points by using a least square method or other methods to obtain a first straight line; and
finally, in step 104, a determination is made as to whether narrowband interference is present. And judging whether the pilot signal has narrowband interference or not according to the result of the linear fitting. In one embodiment of the invention, the determination of whether narrowband interference is present includes:
if the absolute value of the slope of the first straight line is smaller than a preset value C1, the pilot signal is considered to have no narrow-band interference; and
and if the absolute value of the slope of the first straight line is larger than a preset value C1, the pilot signal is considered to have narrow-band interference. Wherein the preset value C1 is empirically obtained, and in one embodiment of the present invention, the value of C1 is preferably 1.4.
Based on the method for detecting narrowband interference as described above, the persistence of narrowband interference received in the signaling can be further judged, so as to determine whether the channel quality indicator CQI needs to be corrected, and finally, the selection of the channel (Link ID) is realized.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a channel selection method of a VDES satellite according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, a channel selection method of a VDES satellite includes:
first, in step 201, narrowband interference is detected. Determining whether each pilot signal in the signaling sent by the ship station at one time has narrow-band interference or not by adopting the method;
next, at step 202, the persistence of narrowband interference is determined. By calculating the continuity of the pilot frequency under the narrowband interference in the process of receiving the signaling by the satellite, judging whether the narrowband interference has continuity in the whole signaling receiving process:
if the narrowband interference is persistent, the CQI is not required to be corrected, directly entering a modulation coding mode selection in the step 204, and selecting a spread modulation coding mode;
and
If the narrowband interference is not persistent, the CQI needs to be corrected, and step 231 is entered;
in one embodiment of the invention, the persistence of the narrowband interference is determined by the total weight of the individual pilot signals in the signaling, wherein the weight of each pilot signal is calculated as follows:
if the pilot signal is not subject to narrowband interference, its weight is 0; and
if the pilot signal is subject to narrowband interference, then:
if the pilot signal is the first pilot signal or the position of the last pilot signal is not interfered by the narrow band, the weight of the pilot signal is 1; and
if the pilot signal is the i-th pilot signal continuously subject to narrowband interference, its weight is 1+c3 i, where C3 is a preset value, and according to an empirical setting, in one embodiment of the present invention, the C3 is preferably 5.
Based on this, the total weight of all pilot signals in the signaling is calculated:
if the total weight is greater than a threshold C2, the narrowband interference is considered persistent; and if the total weight is less than or equal to a threshold C2, the narrowband interference is considered to be non-persistent, wherein the threshold C2 is set according to experience or requirements, in one embodiment of the present invention, the threshold C2 is a variable value that needs to be updated after each transmission is completed, and an initial value of the threshold C2 is equal to a total weight of pilots that receive narrowband interference at N/2 consecutive positions, where N is a total number of pilots in the signaling, and updating the threshold C2 includes:
if the narrowband interference is judged to be non-persistent, after transmission failure, the threshold C2 is reduced by a first value b in the next calculation;
if the narrowband interference is determined to be persistent, the threshold is increased by a second value a, the second value a and the first value b are both empirically set, and the second value a is smaller than the first value b, and in one embodiment of the present invention, the second value a is preferably set to 2, and the first value b is preferably set to 20; and
in the rest of the cases, the threshold C2 is unchanged;
in step 231, the channel quality indication CQI is modified. If the narrowband interference is not persistent, the CQI needs to be corrected, and the correction of the CQI is completed based on a clustering algorithm, specifically, the method includes:
for each pilot signal, firstly fitting a second straight line by adopting a clustering algorithm according to a scatter diagram formed by the mean value and the variance of the power spectral density in a sliding window of the pilot signal, wherein the second straight line is parallel to an x-axis;
calculating the distance between each scattered point and the second straight line, and correcting the points with the distances larger than the specified value, wherein the method comprises the following steps: taking one scattered point which is shortest from the point on the second straight line as a corrected point; and
determining the corrected channel quality indicator CQI according to the corrected point r Specifically, the corrected channel quality indicator CQI r Obtaining according to the difference between the transmission time of the data time slot occupied by the ship station and the transmission signaling time;
next, at step 232, a predicted channel quality indication is calculated. The corrected channel quality indication and the historical channel quality indication CQI are processed h Weighted average is carried out to obtain a predicted channel quality indication C QIp
Wherein, the j value refers to the number of the data time slot occupied by the ship station; and
in one embodiment of the invention, the updating of the historical channel quality indication comprises:
if the station uses the final selected channel to transmit successfully, adding the predicted channel quality indication into the calculation of the historical channel quality indication; otherwise
Adding the corrected channel quality indication to the calculation of the historical channel quality indication; and
finally, in step 204, the modulation coding scheme is selected. If the narrowband interference is persistent, the CQI is not corrected, and a modulation coding mode of spread spectrum is selected. And if the narrowband interference is not sustainable, judging an optimal channel (Link ID) according to the predicted channel quality indication.
The invention provides a method for detecting narrowband interference of a VDES satellite, which utilizes the statistical characteristic of the power spectrum density of pilot frequency to detect the narrowband interference existing in a communication frequency band. Meanwhile, aiming at the problem of communication performance degradation caused by possible measurement errors of channel quality indication CQI, a CQI correction method is provided, the method predicts the persistence of narrowband interference in a closed loop feedback mode, corrects the CQI according to a prediction result, and then performs channel selection according to the corrected CQI. Because the influence of the narrowband interference on the CQI measurement result is considered, compared with the prior art, the channel quality can be measured more accurately, and the reliability of a communication link can be effectively improved, so that the transmission failure rate caused by the narrowband interference is reduced.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. It will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art that various combinations, modifications, and variations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present invention as disclosed herein should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. The detection method of the narrow-band interference of the VDES satellite is characterized by comprising the following steps:
calculating the power spectrum density of a pilot signal of a signaling, wherein the signaling is sent to a satellite by a ship station in an RAC time slot and is transmitted by adopting a spread spectrum signal;
setting a sliding window for the power spectral density, and calculating the mean and variance of the power spectral density in the sliding window, wherein the sliding windows are at least partially overlapped with each other;
performing linear fitting on the calculated mean and variance, and determining whether narrowband interference exists in the pilot signal according to the linear slope obtained by fitting:
if the absolute value of the slope of the straight line obtained by fitting is smaller than a preset value, the pilot signal is free from narrowband interference; and
and if the absolute value of the slope of the straight line obtained by fitting is larger than a preset value, the pilot signal has narrow-band interference.
2. The detection method of claim 1, wherein the linear fitting comprises:
taking the mean value as a horizontal axis and the variance as a vertical axis, and forming a scatter diagram by the mean value and the variance in each sliding window; and
all the scattered points were linearly fitted.
3. The detection method of claim 2, wherein the linear fit is implemented using a least squares method.
4. A channel selection method for a VDES satellite, comprising:
a detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each pilot signal in the signaling is detected whether to be interfered by a narrow band;
determining whether narrowband interference has persistence in the signaling receiving process:
if yes, selecting a spread modulation coding mode; and
if not, correcting the channel quality indication, calculating the predicted channel quality indication, and selecting a channel according to the predicted channel quality indication.
5. The channel selection method of claim 4, wherein determining the persistence of narrowband interference comprises:
calculating the weight of each pilot signal subject to narrowband interference in the signaling, and calculating the total weight:
if the total weight is greater than a threshold, narrowband interference is persistent; and
if the total weight is less than or equal to a threshold, the narrowband interference is not persistent, wherein the weight calculation of the pilot signal subjected to the narrowband interference comprises:
if the pilot signal is the first pilot or the position of the last pilot signal is not interfered by the narrow band, the weight of the pilot signal is 1; and
if the pilot signal is the ith pilot signal continuously interfered by the narrowband, the weight of the pilot signal is 1+c3×i, wherein C3 is a preset value.
6. The channel selection method of claim 5, wherein an initial value of the threshold is equal to a total weight of pilot signals receiving narrowband interference at consecutive N/2, where N is a total number of pilot signals in the signaling; and
after each transmission is completed, the threshold value is updated once, including:
if the narrowband interference is judged to be non-persistent and the transmission is failed, the threshold value is reduced by a first value;
if the narrowband interference is judged to be sustainable, the threshold is increased by a second value, and the second value is smaller than the first value; otherwise
The threshold is unchanged.
7. The channel selection method of claim 4, wherein the modifying the channel quality indication comprises:
fitting a second straight line by adopting a clustering algorithm according to a scatter diagram formed by the mean value and the variance of the power spectrum density in a sliding window at the pilot frequency, wherein the second straight line is parallel to the transverse axis of the scatter diagram;
calculating the distance between each scattered point and the second straight line, and correcting the points with the distances larger than the specified value, wherein the method comprises the following steps: taking one scattered point with the shortest distance from the point on the second straight line as a corrected point; and
and determining the corrected channel quality indication according to the corrected point.
8. The channel selection method of claim 7, wherein calculating a predicted channel quality indication comprises:
and carrying out weighted average on the historical channel quality indication and the corrected channel quality indication to obtain a predicted channel quality indication.
9. The channel selection method of claim 4, further comprising:
if the station uses the selected channel to transmit successfully, adding the predicted channel quality indication into the calculation of the historical channel quality indication; otherwise
And adding the corrected channel quality indication to the calculation of the historical channel quality indication.
CN202111477410.1A 2021-12-06 2021-12-06 Narrow-band interference detection and channel selection method for VDES satellite Active CN114337773B (en)

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