CN114337773A - Narrow-band interference detection and channel selection method for VDES satellite - Google Patents

Narrow-band interference detection and channel selection method for VDES satellite Download PDF

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CN114337773A
CN114337773A CN202111477410.1A CN202111477410A CN114337773A CN 114337773 A CN114337773 A CN 114337773A CN 202111477410 A CN202111477410 A CN 202111477410A CN 114337773 A CN114337773 A CN 114337773A
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pilot signal
channel quality
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quality indication
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CN114337773B (en
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梁旭文
王雪帆
李宗旺
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Tethys Electronic Technology Shanghai Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for detecting narrow-band interference of a VDES satellite, which performs the following operations on each pilot signal in signaling: calculating the power spectral density of the pilot signal, setting a sliding window for the power spectral density, calculating the mean value and the variance of the power spectral density in the sliding window, wherein the sliding windows are overlapped with each other, finally performing linear fitting on the calculated mean value and variance, and judging whether the pilot signal has narrowband interference according to the linear slope obtained by fitting. The signaling is sent to the satellite by the ship station at RAC time slot and is transmitted by adopting spread spectrum signals.

Description

Narrow-band interference detection and channel selection method for VDES satellite
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite communication, in particular to a narrow-band interference detection and channel selection method for a VDES satellite.
Background
A very high frequency Data Exchange System (VDES) is an enhanced and upgraded System for an Automatic Identification System (AIS) for ships in the field of marine mobile services. On the basis of integrating the existing AIS function, the system is added with the functions of special application messages (ASM) and broadband very high frequency data exchange (VDE), and can effectively relieve the pressure of the existing AIS data communication. Partial channels are also provided in the VDES system for use by the satellite, so that remote two-way data exchange between the satellite and the vessel is possible.
In very high frequency data exchange systems versus satellite communication systems (VDE-SAT systems), the spatial links are often subject to various disturbances. The interference comprises broadband interference caused by other VDE-SAT systems on one hand and narrowband interference caused by electromagnetic devices, unknown stray signals and the like in the VDE-SAT systems on the other hand.
According to the technical standard G1139(VDES technical specification, june 2019, third edition) set by international navigation mark administration (IALA), the channel (Link ID) is selected only to satisfy the threshold of the Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) during signal transmission. However, in the technical standard G1139, the CQI calculation does not consider any narrowband interference scenario, but considers all the interferences as wideband interferences. This makes the calculated CQI value not correctly characterize the channel condition, and may further affect the reasonable selection of the adaptive modulation and coding scheme, resulting in a decrease in the communication performance of the entire system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at some or all problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for detecting narrow-band interference of a VDES satellite, which independently detects each pilot signal in signaling, wherein the signaling is transmitted by using spread spectrum signals, and the detection of each pilot signal comprises the following steps:
calculating an autocorrelation function and a power spectral density of the pilot signal;
setting a sliding window for the power spectral density, and calculating a mean and a variance of the power spectral density within the sliding window, wherein the sliding windows at least partially overlap each other;
and performing linear fitting on the calculated mean value and variance, and determining whether the pilot signal has narrow-band interference according to the slope of the straight line obtained by fitting.
Further, the linear fitting includes:
forming a scatter diagram by taking the mean value as a horizontal axis and the variance as a vertical axis and the mean value and the variance in each sliding window; and
a linear fit is made to all scatter points.
Further, the linear fitting is implemented by using a least square method.
Further, the determining whether the pilot signal has the narrowband interference according to the slope of the straight line obtained by fitting includes:
if the absolute value of the slope of the straight line obtained by fitting is smaller than a preset value, the pilot signal has no narrow-band interference; and
and if the absolute value of the slope of the straight line obtained by fitting is greater than a preset value, the pilot signal has narrow-band interference.
Based on the above method for detecting narrowband interference, another aspect of the present invention further provides a method for selecting a channel of a VDES satellite, including:
detecting whether each pilot signal in the signaling is subjected to narrow-band interference;
determining whether the narrowband interference has persistence in a signaling receiving process:
if yes, selecting a modulation coding mode of spread spectrum; and
if not, correcting the channel quality indication, calculating a predicted channel quality indication, and selecting a channel according to the predicted channel quality indication.
Further, determining the persistence of the narrowband interference comprises:
calculating the weight of each pilot signal subjected to narrow-band interference in the signaling, and calculating the total weight:
if the total weight is greater than a threshold value, the narrow-band interference is persistent; and
if the total weight is less than or equal to the threshold value, the narrowband interference has no persistence, wherein the calculation of the weight of the pilot signal subjected to the narrowband interference comprises:
if the pilot signal is the first pilot signal or the last pilot signal is not subjected to narrow-band interference, the weight of the pilot signal is 1; and
if the pilot signal is the ith pilot signal continuously subjected to narrow-band interference, the weight of the pilot signal is 1+ C3 × i, wherein C3 is a preset value.
Further, the initial value of the threshold is equal to the total weight of pilot signals of narrowband interference received at continuous N/2, wherein N is the total number of pilot signals in the signaling; and
after each transmission is completed, the threshold value is updated once, and the method comprises the following steps:
if the narrowband interference is judged not to have persistence and the transmission fails, reducing the threshold value by a first numerical value;
if the narrowband interference is judged to have persistence, increasing a second value by the threshold, wherein the second value is smaller than the first value; otherwise
The threshold is unchanged.
Further, the correcting the channel quality indication comprises:
fitting a second straight line by adopting a clustering algorithm according to a scatter diagram formed by the mean value and the variance of the power spectral density of the pilot signal in the sliding window, wherein the second straight line is parallel to the x axis;
calculating the distance between each scattered point and the second straight line, and correcting the points of which the distances are greater than a specified value, wherein the method comprises the following steps: taking a scattered point on the second straight line, which is the shortest distance from the point, as a corrected point; and
and determining the corrected channel quality indication according to the corrected point.
Further, calculating the predicted channel quality indication comprises:
and carrying out weighted average on the historical channel quality indication and the corrected channel quality indication to obtain a predicted channel quality indication.
Further, the channel selection method further includes:
if the ship station successfully uses the determined channel for transmission, adding the predicted channel quality indication into the calculation of historical channel quality indication; otherwise
Adding the revised channel quality indication to the calculation of the historical channel quality indication.
The invention provides a narrow-band interference detection method of a VDES satellite, which detects narrow-band interference existing in a communication frequency band by using the statistical characteristic of the power spectral density of a pilot signal. Meanwhile, aiming at the problem that the communication performance is reduced due to the measurement error of the CQI, the CQI correction method is provided, and the method predicts the persistence of the narrow-band interference in a closed-loop feedback mode, corrects the CQI according to a prediction result and further selects channels according to the corrected CQI. Because the influence of the narrowband interference on the CQI measurement result is considered, compared with the prior art, on one hand, the channel quality can be more accurately measured, on the other hand, the reliability of a communication link can be effectively improved, and the transmission failure rate caused by the narrowband interference is reduced.
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To further clarify the above and other advantages and features of embodiments of the present invention, a more particular description of embodiments of the present invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts will be denoted by the same or similar reference numerals for clarity.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for detecting narrowband interference of a VDES satellite according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a channel selection method of a VDES satellite according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the following description, the present invention is described with reference to examples. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the embodiments can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other alternative and/or additional methods. In other instances, well-known methods have not been shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention. Similarly, for purposes of explanation, specific numbers and configurations are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. However, the invention is not limited to these specific details.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "the embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
It should be noted that the steps are described in a specific order according to the embodiments of the present invention, however, this is only for illustrating the specific embodiment, and the order of the steps is not limited. On the contrary, in different embodiments of the present invention, the sequence of the steps can be adjusted according to the adjustment of actual requirements.
The present invention is based on the following insight of the inventors: in a communication system (VDE-SAT system) between a very high frequency data exchange system and a satellite, interference on a spatial link includes narrowband interference caused by internal electromagnetic devices, unknown stray signals, and the like, in addition to wideband interference. The reliability of the spatial link under narrow-band interference can be improved by adopting a spread spectrum mode, but the transmission rate of the spatial link is necessarily reduced. On the contrary, if a high-order modulation mode is adopted to improve the transmission efficiency, the error rate caused by narrow-band interference is improved, and particularly, the signal of the VDE-SAT system is a burst signal, which is directly related to the success or failure of information transmission.
According to the provisions of the G1139 standard, in VDE-SAT systems, the selection of the channel (Link ID) is made on the basis of the channel quality indication CQI. However, in the current G1139 standard proposal, the channel quality indicator CQI is calculated without considering any scenario of narrowband interference, but all interferences are considered as wideband interference. This causes the spread spectrum signal to be subject to a spread of narrow-band interference during despreading, and the energy of the narrow-band interference is spread over the entire transmission bandwidth, reducing the actual severity of the narrow-band interference. Therefore, the CQI measured by the spread spectrum signal can no longer correctly characterize the channel condition, and further affects the reasonable selection of the adaptive modulation and coding scheme, so that the communication performance of the entire system is reduced.
The inventor further researches and discovers that the continuous problem of narrow-band interference in a communication Link is an important factor influencing channel (Link ID) selection because a VDE-SAT system adopts a burst signal communication mode and low-orbit satellite communication has high dynamic. Specifically, if the narrowband interference is not persistent, the CQI value is low, and a Link ID with a high rate cannot be selected; however, if the narrowband interference has persistence, the CQI value will be high, and at this time, if a non-spread communication method is selected, an extremely high error rate will be caused, and therefore, the existence of the narrowband interference and the persistence problem of the narrowband interference will seriously affect the communication quality and the communication rate.
Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of CQI for the channel quality measurement, it is first required to accurately determine whether the narrowband interference exists and whether the narrowband interference has persistence. In the field of wireless communication, for detecting narrowband interference in a wideband signal, the most common method is to calculate a frequency spectrum and then consider the ratio of the energy of the current frequency to the peak-to-average ratio. The scheme is simple in calculation and low in energy consumption, has good detection capability for unimodal interference, but the detection capability is reduced along with the increase of the bandwidth of the narrow-band interference, and the narrow-band interference with the bandwidth close to 1/4 of the total band can hardly be detected. On the basis, the method extends to moving average detection, and whether the narrow-band interference is received or not is judged by calculating the average value of adjacent points and then clustering, but the single-peak interference still cannot be detected.
Based on this, the inventor firstly proposes a method for detecting the narrow-band interference of the VDES satellite. In the VDE-SAT system, the ship station sends a signaling to the satellite at the RAC time slot, all messages of the RAC time slot are transmitted by using spread spectrum signals, and pilot signals are inserted in the signals, so in the embodiment of the present invention, the detection of the narrowband interference is actually that the satellite judges whether each pilot signal of the signaling is subjected to the narrowband interference according to all pilot signals in the signaling sent by the ship station at one time. Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for detecting narrowband interference of a VDES satellite according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, a method for detecting narrowband interference of a VDES satellite performs the following operations for each pilot signal in signaling:
first, at step 101, the power spectral density is calculated. Calculating an autocorrelation function and a power spectral density of the pilot signal;
next, in step 102, a sliding window is set, and the mean and variance are calculated. Setting a sliding window of a certain length for the power spectral density, and calculating a mean and a variance of the power spectral density within the sliding window, wherein the sliding windows at least partially overlap each other;
next, at step 103, a linear fit is performed. And performing linear fitting on the mean value and the variance of the power spectral density calculated in each sliding window. In one embodiment of the invention, the linear fitting comprises: drawing the mean value and the variance of the power spectral density calculated in each sliding window into a scatter diagram by taking the mean value as a horizontal axis and the variance as a vertical axis, and performing linear fitting on all scatter points by using a least square method or other methods to obtain a first straight line; and
finally, in step 104, it is determined whether narrowband interference is present. And judging whether the pilot signal has narrow-band interference or not according to the linear fitting result. In one embodiment of the invention, the determining whether narrowband interference is present comprises:
if the absolute value of the slope of the first straight line is smaller than a preset value C1, the pilot signal is considered to have no narrow-band interference; and
and if the absolute value of the slope of the first straight line is greater than a preset value C1, the pilot signal is considered to have narrow-band interference. The preset value C1 is empirically obtained, and in an embodiment of the present invention, the value of C1 is preferably 1.4.
Based on the method for detecting the narrow-band interference, the continuity of the narrow-band interference received in the signaling can be further judged, so as to determine whether the channel quality indicator CQI needs to be corrected, and finally, the selection of the channel (Link ID) is realized.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a channel selection method of a VDES satellite according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, a channel selection method of a VDES satellite includes:
first, in step 201, narrowband interference is detected. Determining whether narrow-band interference exists in each pilot signal in the signaling sent by the ship station at one time by adopting the method;
next, at step 202, the persistence of the narrowband interference is determined. By calculating the continuity of the narrow-band interference on the pilot frequency in the process of receiving the signaling by the satellite, whether the narrow-band interference has continuity in the whole signaling receiving process is judged:
if the narrowband interference has persistence, the CQI does not need to be corrected, and the modulation and coding mode selection in step 204 is directly performed, and the modulation and coding mode of spread spectrum is selected;
and
if the narrowband interference does not have persistence, the CQI needs to be corrected, and then step 231 is entered;
in an embodiment of the present invention, the persistence of the narrowband interference is determined by a total weight of each pilot signal in the signaling, wherein the weight of each pilot signal is calculated as follows:
if the pilot signal is not subjected to narrowband interference, the weight of the pilot signal is 0; and
if the pilot signal is subjected to narrowband interference, then:
if the pilot signal is the first pilot signal or the last pilot signal is not subjected to narrow-band interference, the weight of the pilot signal is 1; and
if the pilot signal is the ith pilot signal continuously subjected to narrowband interference, the weight of the pilot signal is 1+ C3 × i, wherein C3 is a preset value, and in one embodiment of the present invention, the C3 is preferably 5, which is empirically set.
Based on this, the total weight of all pilot signals in the signaling is calculated:
if the total weight is greater than a threshold value C2, the narrowband interference is considered persistent; and if the total weight is less than or equal to a threshold C2, the narrowband interference is considered not to have persistence, wherein the threshold C2 is set according to experience or requirement, in an embodiment of the present invention, the threshold C2 is a variable value which needs to be updated after each transmission is completed, and an initial value of the threshold C2 is equal to the total weight of pilots receiving narrowband interference at consecutive N/2, where N is the total number of pilots in the signaling, and the updating of the threshold C2 includes:
if the narrowband interference is judged not to have persistence, after transmission failure, the threshold value C2 is reduced by a first value b in the next calculation;
if the narrowband interference is determined to be persistent, increasing a second value a by the threshold in the next calculation, where the second value a and the first value b are both set empirically, and the second value a is smaller than the first value b, and in one embodiment of the present invention, the second value a is preferably set to 2, and the first value b is preferably set to 20; and
otherwise, the threshold C2 is unchanged;
in step 231, the channel quality indication CQI is corrected. If the narrowband interference does not have persistence, the CQI needs to be corrected, and the correction of the CQI is completed based on a clustering algorithm, specifically, the method includes:
aiming at each pilot signal, firstly, fitting a second straight line by adopting a clustering algorithm according to a scatter diagram formed by the mean value and the variance of the power spectral density in a sliding window of the pilot signal, wherein the second straight line is parallel to an x axis;
calculating the distance between each scattered point and the second straight line, and correcting the points of which the distances are greater than a specified value, wherein the method comprises the following steps: taking a scattered point on the second straight line, which is the shortest distance from the point, as a corrected point; and
determining a modified channel quality indicator CQI based on the modified pointrIn particular a modified channel quality indication CQIrObtaining the time difference between the sending time of the data time slot occupied by the ship station and the signaling sending time;
next, at step 232, a predicted channel quality indication is calculated. The corrected channel quality indication and the historical channel quality indication CQI are usedhWeighted average is carried out to obtain the predicted channel quality indicator CQIp
Figure BDA0003393933090000081
Wherein, the j value refers to a data time slot serial number occupied by the ship station; and
in one embodiment of the invention, the updating of the historical channel quality indication comprises:
if the ship station successfully uses the finally selected channel for transmission, adding the predicted channel quality indication into the calculation of historical channel quality indication; otherwise
Adding the revised channel quality indication into the calculation of the historical channel quality indication; and
finally, in step 204, a modulation coding scheme is selected. If the narrowband interference has persistence, the CQI does not need to be corrected, and a spread spectrum modulation and coding scheme may be selected. And if the narrow-band interference does not have continuity, judging an optimal channel (Link ID) according to the predicted channel quality indication.
The invention provides a narrow-band interference detection method of a VDES satellite, which detects narrow-band interference existing in a communication frequency band by using the statistical characteristic of the power spectral density of a pilot frequency. Meanwhile, aiming at the problem that the communication performance is reduced due to the measurement error of the CQI, the CQI correction method is provided, and the method predicts the persistence of the narrow-band interference in a closed-loop feedback mode, corrects the CQI according to a prediction result and further selects channels according to the corrected CQI. Because the influence of the narrowband interference on the CQI measurement result is considered, compared with the prior art, on one hand, the channel quality can be more accurately measured, on the other hand, the reliability of a communication link can be effectively improved, and the transmission failure rate caused by the narrowband interference is reduced.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art that various combinations, modifications, and changes can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present invention disclosed herein should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A method for detecting narrow-band interference of a VDES satellite is characterized by comprising the following steps:
calculating the power spectral density of a pilot signal of a signaling, wherein the signaling is sent to a satellite by a ship station in RAC time slot and is transmitted by adopting a spread spectrum signal;
setting a sliding window to the power spectral densities and calculating a mean and a variance of the power spectral densities within the sliding window, wherein the sliding windows at least partially overlap each other;
and performing linear fitting on the calculated mean value and variance, and determining whether the pilot signal has narrow-band interference according to the slope of a straight line obtained by fitting.
2. The detection method of claim 1, wherein the linear fitting comprises:
forming a scatter diagram by taking the mean value as a horizontal axis and the variance as a vertical axis and the mean value and the variance in each sliding window; and
a linear fit is made to all scatter points.
3. The detection method of claim 2, wherein said linear fit is achieved using a least squares method.
4. The detecting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said determining whether the pilot signal has the narrowband interference according to the slope of the straight line obtained by fitting comprises:
if the absolute value of the slope of the straight line obtained by fitting is smaller than a preset value, the pilot signal has no narrow-band interference; and
and if the absolute value of the slope of the straight line obtained by fitting is greater than a preset value, the pilot signal has narrow-band interference.
5. A method for selecting a channel of a VDES satellite, comprising:
detecting whether each pilot signal in the signaling is subjected to narrowband interference by using the detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 4;
determining whether the narrowband interference has persistence in a signaling receiving process:
if yes, selecting a modulation coding mode of spread spectrum; and
if not, correcting the channel quality indication, calculating a predicted channel quality indication, and selecting a channel according to the predicted channel quality indication.
6. The channel selection method of claim 5, wherein determining the persistence of the narrowband interference comprises:
calculating the weight of each pilot signal subjected to narrow-band interference in the signaling, and calculating the total weight:
if the total weight is greater than a threshold value, the narrow-band interference is persistent; and
if the total weight is less than or equal to the threshold value, the narrowband interference has no persistence, wherein the calculation of the weight of the pilot signal subjected to the narrowband interference comprises:
if the pilot signal is the first pilot frequency, or the position of the pilot signal is not interfered by narrow bands, the weight of the pilot signal is 1; and
if the pilot signal is the ith pilot continuously subjected to narrow-band interference, the weight of the pilot signal is 1+ C3 × i, wherein C3 is a preset value.
7. The channel selection method of claim 6, wherein the initial value of the threshold is equal to the total weight of pilot signals of narrowband interference received at consecutive N/2, where N is the total number of pilot signals in the signaling; and
after each transmission is completed, the threshold value is updated once, and the method comprises the following steps:
if the narrowband interference is judged not to have persistence and the transmission fails, reducing the threshold value by a first numerical value;
if the narrowband interference is judged to have persistence, increasing the threshold value by two values, wherein the second value is smaller than the first value; otherwise
The threshold is unchanged.
8. The channel selection method of claim 5, wherein the modifying the channel quality indication comprises:
fitting a second straight line by adopting a clustering algorithm according to a scatter diagram formed by the mean value and the variance of the power spectral density in a sliding window at the pilot frequency, wherein the second straight line is parallel to the x axis;
calculating the distance between each scattered point and the second straight line, and correcting the points of which the distances are greater than a specified value, wherein the method comprises the following steps: taking a scattered point on the second straight line with the shortest distance from the point as a corrected point; and
and determining the corrected channel quality indication according to the corrected point.
9. The channel selection method of claim 8, wherein computing the predicted channel quality indication comprises:
and carrying out weighted average on the historical channel quality indication and the corrected channel quality indication to obtain a predicted channel quality indication.
10. The channel selection method of claim 5, further comprising:
if the ship station successfully uses the selected channel for transmission, adding the predicted channel quality indication into the calculation of historical channel quality indication; otherwise
Adding the revised channel quality indication to the calculation of the historical channel quality indication.
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