CN114336996A - Magnetic coupling structure of dynamic wireless power supply system of electric automobile - Google Patents

Magnetic coupling structure of dynamic wireless power supply system of electric automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114336996A
CN114336996A CN202210106321.4A CN202210106321A CN114336996A CN 114336996 A CN114336996 A CN 114336996A CN 202210106321 A CN202210106321 A CN 202210106321A CN 114336996 A CN114336996 A CN 114336996A
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coil
coils
power supply
wireless power
magnetic coupling
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CN114336996B (en
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周维华
胥飞
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Shanghai Dianji University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12Electric charging stations
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnetic coupling structure of a dynamic wireless power supply system of an electric automobile, which comprises at least one vehicle-mounted auxiliary magnetic energy pickup mechanism arranged on the electric automobile and a plurality of primary side energy emission mechanisms buried underground on a running road surface, wherein the vehicle-mounted auxiliary magnetic energy pickup mechanism consists of a DD (direct d) separated coil and a square ferrite layer at the automobile end, each primary side energy emission mechanism consists of a group of emission coils and a circular ferrite layer at the ground end, and the emission coils and the DD separated coils are oppositely arranged for magnetic coupling to realize wireless power supply. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of high power, high efficiency, low fluctuation rate of mutual inductance, system loss reduction, material cost reduction and the like.

Description

Magnetic coupling structure of dynamic wireless power supply system of electric automobile
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless power supply of electric automobiles, in particular to a magnetic coupling structure of a dynamic wireless power supply system of an electric automobile.
Background
In the dynamic wireless power supply system of the electric automobile, the coupling structure is one of the core components of energy transmission, mutual inductance of primary and secondary coils of the coupling structure directly affects the energy efficiency characteristic of the wireless power transmission system, and if the shape of the coil is not selected properly, the output power and the transmission efficiency of the system are greatly reduced, so in recent years, the design and research on the magnetic coupling structure in the dynamic wireless charging system are very popular, for example, a DD type coil, a DDQ type coil, a DLDD type coil and the like are designed, and the coils all effectively improve the energy efficiency characteristic of the dynamic wireless charging system.
However, in the prior art, a design method of a coupling structure is provided only for a specific coil, a transmitting coil and a receiving coil which are completely consistent in size and shape are adopted, the fact that the shape and the size of the coil in practical application are limited by a field environment is not considered, and meanwhile, the same receiving coil and transmitting coil are adopted, although the power and the efficiency which are required by a system can be achieved, the material cost can be greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a magnetic coupling structure of a dynamic wireless power supply system of an electric vehicle.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a magnetic coupling structure of a dynamic wireless power supply system of an electric automobile comprises at least one vehicle-mounted auxiliary magnetic energy pickup mechanism arranged on the electric automobile and a plurality of primary side energy emission mechanisms buried underground on a running road surface, wherein the vehicle-mounted auxiliary magnetic energy pickup mechanism is composed of a DD (direct d) separation type coil and a square ferrite layer at a vehicle end, each primary side energy emission mechanism is composed of a group of emission coils and a circular ferrite layer at a ground end, and the emission coils and the DD separation type coil are oppositely arranged to carry out magnetic coupling to realize wireless power supply.
The DD split coil is coaxial with the center of the vehicle end square ferrite layer and is laid below the vehicle end square ferrite layer.
Each group of transmitting coils consists of two circular coils which are connected in series and have the same size, and the centers of the circular coils and the ground end circular ferrite layer are coaxial and are laid above the ground end circular ferrite layer.
The adjacent primary side energy emission mechanisms are arranged at equal intervals, the center point of the emission coil of each primary side energy emission mechanism is positioned on the same horizontal line in the overall extension direction of the emission coil, and the arrangement direction of the two circular coils of each primary side energy emission mechanism is perpendicular to the overall extension direction of the emission coil.
The DD split coil is formed by winding the same litz wire, and the winding directions of two D-shaped coils of the DD split coil are opposite.
The transmitting coil is formed by winding the same litz wire, and the winding directions of two round coils of the transmitting coil are opposite.
The D-shaped coil of the DD split coil is wound in the same direction as the circular coil at the corresponding position.
The primary side energy transmitting mechanisms are arranged in the length of 1m in number, the radius of a circular coil in each group of transmitting coils is 8cm, the number of turns is 22, the turn-to-turn distance is 2mm, and the thickness of a ground end circular ferrite layer is 1.5 cm.
The DD separate type coil is 100cm multiplied by 18cm in size, 7 in turns, 8mm in turn interval and 1.5cm in thickness.
The distance between two circular coils in the transmitting coil is 5cm, and the distance between two D-type coils in the DD split-type coil is 4 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the novel coupling structure of the dynamic wireless power supply system of the electric automobile, provided by the invention, simulation verification proves that the design of the magnetic coupling structure can meet the power and efficiency requirements of wireless dynamic charging of the electric automobile, the power is stable at 300w, the efficiency reaches 92%, the fluctuation rate of mutual inductance is also lower, meanwhile, on the premise of meeting the energy efficiency characteristic requirement, the length of a litz wire used by the wireless power transmission system of the electric automobile is greatly reduced, the system loss can be reduced, and the material cost is greatly reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic coupling structure of a dynamic wireless power supply system of an electric vehicle.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a DD split coil.
Fig. 3 shows the mutual inductance comparison result of the coil combinations.
Fig. 4 is a simulation diagram of a coupling mechanism.
FIG. 5 is a graph of mutual inductance ripple.
Fig. 6 is a graph of energy pick-up voltage and current.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
The invention aims to solve the problems of site limitation, high cost, difficult daily maintenance and the like in practical application of the prior art, the dynamic wireless charging track needs to dig a pit underground to lay a coil, the larger the required charging power is, the larger the laid coil is, therefore, the popularization of the automobile dynamic wireless charging technology is hindered by high cost input and complex facility maintenance, so that the coil is perfected, the material usage amount is reduced under the condition of ensuring the transmission efficiency and the output power, the competitiveness of products in the market is improved, and the dynamic wireless charging popularization road is hot.
The invention provides a magnetic coupling structure of a dynamic wireless power supply system of an electric automobile, which solves the problems that the cost of a coupling coil in a wireless dynamic charging system is high and the size of the coil is limited by a field, realizes that the cost is greatly low when a product is put into application, and simultaneously ensures that the system meets the output power and efficiency of operation.
The magnetic coupling structure comprises at least one vehicle-mounted secondary magnetic energy pickup mechanism and a plurality of groups of primary energy emission mechanisms; the vehicle-mounted secondary magnetic energy pickup mechanism comprises a DD (direct d) separated coil and a vehicle end square ferrite layer, wherein the center of the DD separated coil is coaxial with the center of the vehicle end square ferrite layer and the DD separated coil is placed below the vehicle end square ferrite layer; each group of primary side energy transmitting mechanisms comprises two circular coils and a ground end circular ferrite layer which are connected in series in an opposite mode and are the same in size, and the centers of the circular coils and the ground end circular ferrite layer are coaxial and are placed above the ground end circular ferrite layer.
Two circular coils that establish ties and the size is the same constitute a set of transmitting coil, the equidistant setting of multiunit transmitting coil, the array direction and the transmitting coil overall extending direction of two circular coils are perpendicular, each group transmitting coil is equidistant arranges and the central point of every group transmitting coil is located same water flat line, there is certain interval between two circular coils in every group transmitting coil, this interval obtains the optimal value through simulation experiment and is 5cm to obtain the biggest transmitting coil and receive coil mutual inductance value.
The DD separate coil is used as a receiving coil, and the optimal distance is 4cm obtained through simulation analysis on the basis of the original DD coil structure so as to reduce the adverse effect of coil internal coupling.
The transmitting coil is formed by winding the same litz wire, the DD separate coil is also formed by winding the same litz wire, two round coils in a group of transmitting coils are respectively identical to the winding direction of two coils of the DD separate coil at the corresponding position, in the coupling structure, the height of the electric vehicle floor is 12cm, the depth of a primary side energy transmitting mechanism embedded into the ground is 3cm, and the vertical distance between the primary side energy transmitting mechanism and a secondary side electric energy picking mechanism is 15 cm.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention relates to a novel magnetic coupling structure of a dynamic wireless power supply system for an electric vehicle, which includes an energy emitting portion, an energy pickup portion, and a control end.
The energy transmitting part is an interrupted structure formed by connecting two circular coils in series, the diameter of each coil is 16cm, the number of turns is 26, three groups of transmitting coils are uniformly paved within a distance of 1m, a high-frequency litz wire is adopted for winding, the litz wire comprises a plurality of strands of thin copper wires, the sectional area of a winding wire can be greatly reduced under the condition of ensuring the current resistance, and the diameter of a bus is reduced, so that the volume of the coil is reduced to achieve the optimal effect. Meanwhile, a magnetic shielding mechanism (ground end circular ferrite layer) based on ferrite materials is laid below the transmitting coil, so that the electromagnetic environment of the resonant wireless power transmission system can be effectively improved, the magnetic field leakage of a non-working area is effectively shielded, the magnetic field index of the non-working area is reduced, the magnetic field of the working area can be enhanced, and the coupling between the systems is tighter.
The receiving coil is improved on the basis of the existing DD coil, and the winding mode of the DD coil is shown in figure 2. The improved DD separated structure is formed by winding two coils in series, the winding direction is reverse, a certain gap is reserved in the coils, so that a complete bidirectional loop is formed by magnetic lines of force, and the magnetic field intensity generated by electrifying the coils is fully utilized, thereby reducing the negative influence of the internal coupling of the coils.
The receiving coil in the coupling mechanism adopts a DD split coil, the length of the DD split coil is 1m, the width of the DD split coil is 40cm, a single coil is wound by 7 turns, and a high-frequency litz copper wire is also adopted.
In order to verify whether the design method of the novel coupling structure can achieve the power, the size and the stability of mutual inductance required by the wireless dynamic charging system of the electric automobile, the invention compares experimental data with simulation results based on a simulation platform.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the mutual inductance comparison of the present invention with other structural designs while consuming the same number of wires, wherein scheme 2 is a DD split coil + DD coil combination scheme, and scheme 3 is a DD split coil + rectangular coil combination scheme. On the one hand, it is seen from the figure that although the schemes 2 and 3 may have the potential to achieve the performance similar to the present invention, the mutual inductance values are lower than the DD split coil + discontinuous circular combination coil. On the other hand, under the condition that the same number of copper wires are used in all the 3 schemes, the mutual inductance value of the invention is far beyond the value required by the system, which shows that under the premise of meeting the mutual inductance value and the coupling coefficient required by the system, the using amount of the wire of the invention is less, the cost of the transmitting coil needs to be considered when the cost of the coil is considered in the dynamic wireless charging, since a significant portion of the cost of dynamic wireless charging comes from the large number of wires and magnetic cores used to make the transmitting coil, in addition, the contact area of the discontinuous circular combined transmitting coil in the invention is much smaller than that of the common rectangular coil and DD coil, therefore, the usage amount of ferrite materials in the magnetic shielding mechanism is greatly reduced, which means that the invention can meet the requirements of high output power and efficiency by using less materials and has better economic performance.
FIG. 4 is a simulation diagram of the novel coupling structure of the present invention, wherein Table 1 shows detailed parameters of the magnetic coupling structure of the dynamic wireless charging system of the electric vehicle,
TABLE 1 magnetic coupling mechanism parameters
Parameter(s) Transmitting coil Receiving coil
Coil size R=8cm 100cm×18cm
Number of turns 22 7
Pitch of turns 2mm 8mm
Thickness of ferrite 1.5cm 1.5cm
The mutual inductance fluctuation between the transmitter coil and the receiver coil is shown in fig. 5. In the figure, the maximum value of the mutual inductance of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil reaches more than 190 microhenries, the maximum value of the mutual inductance fluctuation is about 30 microhenries, the maximum fluctuation rate is 15%, the stability of the mutual inductance value is basically kept, the optimization standard is reached, and the feasibility of the invention is verified.
Voltage and current output values of an energy receiving end in simulation are shown in fig. 6, voltage value stable output in the graph is 35V, current value is stable at 7A, output power is stable at about 250w, power requirements of dynamic wireless charging of an electric automobile are met, and feasibility of the invention is verified.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The magnetic coupling structure of the dynamic wireless power supply system of the electric automobile is characterized by comprising at least one vehicle-mounted auxiliary magnetic energy pickup mechanism arranged on the electric automobile and a plurality of primary side energy emission mechanisms buried underground on a running road surface, wherein the vehicle-mounted auxiliary magnetic energy pickup mechanism is composed of a DD (direct d) separated coil and a square ferrite layer at the automobile end, each primary side energy emission mechanism is composed of a group of emission coils and a circular ferrite layer at the ground end, and the emission coils and the DD separated coils are oppositely arranged to carry out magnetic coupling to realize wireless power supply.
2. The magnetic coupling structure of the dynamic wireless power supply system of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the DD separating coil is coaxial with the center of the vehicle terminal square ferrite layer and is laid under the vehicle terminal square ferrite layer.
3. The magnetic coupling structure of the dynamic wireless power supply system of the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein each group of the transmitting coils consists of two circular coils which are connected in series and have the same size, and the centers of the circular coils and the ground end circular ferrite layer are coaxial and are laid above the ground end circular ferrite layer.
4. The magnetic coupling structure of the dynamic wireless power supply system of the electric automobile according to claim 3, wherein adjacent primary energy emission mechanisms are arranged at equal intervals, the center point of the emission coil of each primary energy emission mechanism is located on the same horizontal line in the overall extension direction of the emission coil, and the arrangement direction of the two circular coils of each primary energy emission mechanism is perpendicular to the overall extension direction of the emission coil.
5. The magnetic coupling structure of the dynamic wireless power supply system of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 3, wherein the DD split coil is formed by winding the same litz wire, and the two D-shaped coils of the DD split coil are wound in opposite directions.
6. The magnetic coupling structure of the dynamic wireless power supply system of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 5, wherein the transmitting coil is formed by winding the same litz wire, and the two circular coils of the transmitting coil are wound in opposite directions.
7. The magnetic coupling structure of the dynamic wireless power supply system of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 6, wherein the D-shaped coil of the DD separating coil has the same winding direction as the circular coil at the corresponding position.
8. The magnetic coupling structure of the dynamic wireless power supply system of the electric automobile according to claim 4, wherein 3 primary side energy emission mechanisms are arranged in a length of 1m, the radius of a circular coil in each group of emission coils is 8cm, the number of turns is 22, the turn-to-turn distance is 2mm, and the thickness of a ground end circular ferrite layer is 1.5 cm.
9. The magnetic coupling structure of the dynamic wireless power supply system of the electric automobile according to claim 2, wherein the DD split coil has a size of 100cm x 18cm, a number of turns of 7, a turn pitch of 8mm, and a thickness of a vehicle end square ferrite layer of 1.5 cm.
10. The magnetic coupling structure of the dynamic wireless power supply system of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 4, wherein the distance between the two circular coils in the transmitting coil is 5cm, and the distance between the two D-type coils in the DD split coil is 4 cm.
CN202210106321.4A 2022-01-28 2022-01-28 Magnetic coupling structure of dynamic wireless power supply system of electric automobile Active CN114336996B (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107769391A (en) * 2017-09-28 2018-03-06 深圳威兹新能源科技有限公司 A kind of wireless charging system of multi-coil series connection
US20190080840A1 (en) * 2017-09-08 2019-03-14 Qualcomm Incorporated Ferrite Arrangement In a Wireless Power-Transfer Structure To Mitigate Dimensional Tolerance Effects on Performance.
CN110492622A (en) * 2019-07-15 2019-11-22 湖北工业大学 The not parking wireless charging system of electric car and its control method
CN111641274A (en) * 2020-06-09 2020-09-08 许继集团有限公司 Coupling mechanism applied to wireless power transmission system of electric automobile

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20190080840A1 (en) * 2017-09-08 2019-03-14 Qualcomm Incorporated Ferrite Arrangement In a Wireless Power-Transfer Structure To Mitigate Dimensional Tolerance Effects on Performance.
CN107769391A (en) * 2017-09-28 2018-03-06 深圳威兹新能源科技有限公司 A kind of wireless charging system of multi-coil series connection
CN110492622A (en) * 2019-07-15 2019-11-22 湖北工业大学 The not parking wireless charging system of electric car and its control method
CN111641274A (en) * 2020-06-09 2020-09-08 许继集团有限公司 Coupling mechanism applied to wireless power transmission system of electric automobile

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