CN114336729A - MPPT control algorithm transient real-time simulation method and device based on FPGA - Google Patents

MPPT control algorithm transient real-time simulation method and device based on FPGA Download PDF

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CN114336729A
CN114336729A CN202111360818.0A CN202111360818A CN114336729A CN 114336729 A CN114336729 A CN 114336729A CN 202111360818 A CN202111360818 A CN 202111360818A CN 114336729 A CN114336729 A CN 114336729A
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duty ratio
power
module
simulation
buck circuit
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王守相
何汝训
张春雨
赵倩宇
袁霜晨
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Tianjin University
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a method and a device for MPPT control algorithm transient real-time simulation based on an FPGA, relating to the technical field of power electronic simulation and specifically comprising the following steps: constructing a simulation topology of the photovoltaic array, wherein the simulation topology of the photovoltaic array comprises a power module, a Buck circuit module and a load; and adjusting the duty ratio of the Buck circuit module to enable the Buck circuit module and the equivalent total resistance of the load to be matched with the internal resistance r of the photovoltaic cell panel of the power supply module. The method and the device provided by the invention can solve the technical problem that the traditional real-time simulator based on serial hardware such as a conventional CPU processor or a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) is difficult to realize the transient real-time simulation of the distributed power generation system of a detailed model in a smaller simulation step length in the prior art, and can track the maximum power in real time by means of the self-adaptive step length so as to achieve the effect of real-time simulation.

Description

MPPT control algorithm transient real-time simulation method and device based on FPGA
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronic simulation, in particular to a method and a device for MPPT control algorithm transient real-time simulation based on an FPGA.
Background
With the gradual depletion of traditional energy sources, the photovoltaic power generation technology has been developed rapidly, and some high-power grid-connected solar power stations are put into operation. However, when the photovoltaic cell array works, the photovoltaic cell array is easily influenced by factors such as sunlight intensity and ambient temperature, and the output power of the photovoltaic cell array can be greatly changed. In order to output as much electric energy as possible under different sunshine and temperature conditions, finding the maximum power point by using the MPPT control technology (maximum power point tracking technology) is one of the current important issues.
The output power of the photovoltaic cell is in a nonlinear relation with the temperature and the illumination intensity, and the output power of the photovoltaic cell has a unique maximum power point in a certain external environment. The traditional disturbance observation method can cause oscillation in the optimizing process because the tracking step length is fixed, and the tracking precision and the tracking speed cannot be balanced. In addition, a great deal of research is carried out on a variable step tracking method of a photovoltaic power supply by some MATLAB/simulink off-line transient simulation software, but the difference is still existed with the environment in transient real-time simulation. On the other hand, the distributed power supplies are various in types, the mathematical calculation in the control system is complex, the logic judgment is more, and strong nonlinearity is provided, so that the solving scale is huge. And the traditional real-time simulator based on serial hardware such as a conventional CPU processor or a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and the like is difficult to realize the transient real-time simulation of the distributed power generation system of the detailed model in a smaller simulation step length.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an MPPT control algorithm transient real-time simulation method based on an FPGA, so as to alleviate a technical problem that a conventional real-time simulator based on serial hardware such as a conventional CPU processor or a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) in the prior art is difficult to implement the distributed power generation system transient real-time simulation of a detailed model in a smaller simulation step, and the maximum power can be tracked in real time by means of an adaptive step, so as to achieve a real-time simulation effect.
The invention provides an MPPT control algorithm transient real-time simulation method based on an FPGA, which specifically comprises the following steps:
constructing a simulation topology of a photovoltaic array, wherein the simulation topology of the photovoltaic array comprises a power module, a Buck circuit module and a load;
and adjusting the duty ratio of the Buck circuit module to enable the Buck circuit module and the equivalent total resistance of the load to be matched with the internal resistance r of the photovoltaic cell panel of the power module.
Preferably, the step of constructing a simulation topology of the photovoltaic array includes:
the following formula is adopted to construct the simulation topology of the photovoltaic array:
preferably, the step of constructing a simulation topology of the photovoltaic array includes:
the following formula is adopted to construct the simulation topology of the photovoltaic array:
Figure RE-GDA0003534615940000021
ILGthe current of the constant current source in the photovoltaic cell is related to the illumination of the photovoltaic cell, the cell area and the like;
Io-a current through the diode;
IL-photovoltaic cell output current;
UL-photovoltaic cell output voltage;
Rs-photovoltaic cell equivalent series resistance;
RP-equivalent parallel resistance of the photovoltaic cell;
n is a constant factor;
k-boltzmann constant;
t-temperature of the photovoltaic cell;
q-electronic charge.
Preferably, the step of adjusting the duty ratio of the Buck circuit module to match the equivalent total resistance of the Buck circuit module and the load with the internal resistance r of the photovoltaic panel of the power module includes:
and acquiring the maximum output power of the power module and acquiring the duty ratio of the Buck circuit module under the maximum output power by adopting the maximum power tracking principle of a photovoltaic cell panel.
Preferably, the maximum output power of the power module is obtained by adopting a maximum power tracking principle of a photovoltaic cell panel, and the duty ratio of the Buck circuit module under the maximum output power is obtained:
acquiring the output power and the duty ratio alpha of the power supply module;
giving disturbance to the simulation topology of the photovoltaic array, and acquiring the output power of a power module under the disturbance and the duty ratio of a Buck circuit module under the disturbance;
acquiring output power variation quantity delta P, duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha and duty ratio iteration step length delta D based on the output power and the duty ratio of the power module, the output power of the power module under disturbance and the duty ratio of the Buck circuit module under disturbance;
determining whether the absolute value of the output power variation is smaller than a threshold,
and if so, acquiring the duty ratio of the power module.
Preferably, the step of determining whether the absolute value of the output power variation is smaller than a threshold value further includes:
if not, judging whether the output power variation is larger than 0;
if the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is larger than 0, judging whether the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is smaller than 0;
and if the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is smaller than 0, judging whether the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is larger than 0.
Preferably, the step of determining whether or not the duty ratio change amount Δ α is smaller than 0 includes:
if the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is smaller than 0, the duty ratio alpha is made to be the duty ratio alpha-delta D, and the step of obtaining the output power of the power supply module and the duty ratio alpha is executed;
and if the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is larger than 0, making the duty ratio alpha equal to the duty ratio alpha plus delta D, and executing the step of acquiring the output power of the power supply module and the duty ratio alpha.
Preferably, the step of determining whether or not the duty ratio change amount Δ α is larger than 0 includes:
if the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is larger than 0, the duty ratio alpha is made to be the duty ratio alpha-delta D, and the step of obtaining the output power of the power supply module and the duty ratio alpha is executed;
and if the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is smaller than 0, making the duty ratio alpha equal to the duty ratio alpha plus delta D, and executing the step of acquiring the output power of the power supply module and the duty ratio alpha.
Preferably, the duty cycle iteration step Δ D is obtained by using the following formula:
Figure RE-GDA0003534615940000041
k is the proportionality coefficient.
On the other hand, an MPPT control algorithm transient real-time simulation device based on FPGA includes:
a topology construction module: the system comprises a simulation topology used for constructing a photovoltaic array, wherein the simulation topology of the photovoltaic array comprises a power supply module, a Buck circuit module and a load;
a duty cycle adjustment module: and the duty ratio of the Buck circuit module is adjusted so that the equivalent total resistance of the Buck circuit module and the load is matched with the internal resistance r of the photovoltaic cell panel of the power supply module.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a transient real-time simulation method and a device of an MPPT control algorithm based on an FPGA, which specifically comprise the following steps: constructing a simulation topology of the photovoltaic array, wherein the simulation topology of the photovoltaic array comprises a power module, a Buck circuit module and a load; and adjusting the duty ratio of the Buck circuit module to enable the Buck circuit module and the equivalent total resistance of the load to be matched with the internal resistance r of the photovoltaic cell panel of the power supply module. The method and the device provided by the invention can solve the technical problem that the traditional real-time simulator based on serial hardware such as a conventional CPU processor or a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) is difficult to realize the transient real-time simulation of the distributed power generation system of a detailed model in a smaller simulation step length in the prior art, and can track the maximum power in real time by means of the self-adaptive step length so as to achieve the effect of real-time simulation.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a MPPT control algorithm transient real-time simulation method based on an FPGA according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a power module of a MPPT control algorithm transient real-time simulation method based on an FPGA according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a simulation circuit diagram of a MPPT control algorithm transient real-time simulation method based on an FPGA according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a power module P-alpha characteristic curve of an MPPT control algorithm transient real-time simulation method based on an FPGA provided by an embodiment of the invention
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of a photovoltaic cell panel maximum power tracking principle of a MPPT control algorithm transient real-time simulation method based on an FPGA according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
At present, a great deal of research is carried out on a variable step tracking method of a photovoltaic power supply by some MATLAB/simulink off-line transient simulation software, but the difference is still existed with the environment in transient real-time simulation. On the other hand, the distributed power supplies are various in types, the mathematical calculation in the control system is complex, the logic judgment is more, and strong nonlinearity is provided, so that the solving scale is huge. Based on the fact that the transient real-time simulation of the distributed power generation system of the detailed model is difficult to realize by the traditional real-time simulator based on serial hardware such as a conventional CPU (central processing unit) processor or a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) in a smaller simulation step, the technical problem that the transient real-time simulation of the distributed power generation system of the detailed model is difficult to realize by the traditional real-time simulator based on serial hardware such as the conventional CPU processor or the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) in the smaller simulation step in the prior art can be solved, and the maximum power can be tracked in real time by means of the self-adaptive step to achieve the effect of real-time simulation.
In order to facilitate understanding of the embodiment, a transient real-time simulation method of the MPPT control algorithm based on the FPGA disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is first described in detail.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the invention provides an MPPT control algorithm transient real-time simulation method based on an FPGA, which specifically comprises the following steps:
constructing a simulation topology of a photovoltaic array, wherein the simulation topology of the photovoltaic array comprises a power module, a Buck circuit module and a load;
and adjusting the duty ratio of the Buck circuit module to enable the Buck circuit module and the equivalent total resistance of the load to be matched with the internal resistance r of the photovoltaic cell panel of the power module.
Further, the equivalent load and the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell need to be matched with each other. . The photovoltaic array is usually matched with load impedance through an external power conversion circuit so as to realize maximum power output, as shown in figure 3, the photovoltaic array is connected with a load resistor through a Buck circuit, and an FPGA processes a detected power signal and generates a pulse width modulation (pwm) signal to control the Buck circuit to be switched on and off so as to enable an equivalent load of the Buck circuit to be matched with the internal resistance of a photovoltaic cell;
referring to fig. 2 and 3, the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is UpvOutput current is IpvThe equivalent load resistance is Rpv, the load resistance is R, and the output voltage is UR. The power electronic switching device is an ideal element, and the following can be deduced according to power electronic technical knowledge:
RPV＝α2*R
from the above equation, when the duty ratio α is changed, the equivalent resistance of the buck circuit is also changed. The duty ratio is adjusted in real time, so that the Buck circuit and the load are equivalent to obtain the total resistance RPVThe power generated by the photovoltaic cell can be maximized only by keeping the real-time matching with the internal resistance r of the photovoltaic cell panel;
preferably, the step of constructing a simulation topology of the photovoltaic array includes:
the following formula is adopted to construct the simulation topology of the photovoltaic array:
Figure RE-GDA0003534615940000071
ILGthe current of the constant current source in the photovoltaic cell is related to the illumination of the photovoltaic cell, the cell area and the like;
Io-a current through the diode;
IL-photovoltaic cell output current;
UL-photovoltaic cell output voltage;
Rs-photovoltaic cell equivalent series resistance;
RP-equivalent parallel resistance of the photovoltaic cell;
n is a constant factor;
k-boltzmann constant;
t-temperature of the photovoltaic cell;
q-electronic charge.
Preferably, the step of adjusting the duty ratio of the Buck circuit module to match the equivalent total resistance of the Buck circuit module and the load with the internal resistance r of the photovoltaic panel of the power module includes:
and acquiring the maximum output power of the power module and acquiring the duty ratio of the Buck circuit module under the maximum output power by adopting the maximum power tracking principle of a photovoltaic cell panel.
With reference to fig. 5, preferably, the maximum output power of the power module is obtained by using a photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking principle, and the duty ratio of the Buck circuit module under the maximum output power is obtained:
acquiring the output power and the duty ratio alpha of the power supply module;
giving disturbance to the simulation topology of the photovoltaic array, and acquiring the output power of a power module under the disturbance and the duty ratio of a Buck circuit module under the disturbance;
acquiring output power variation quantity delta P, duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha and duty ratio iteration step length delta D based on the output power and the duty ratio of the power module, the output power of the power module under disturbance and the duty ratio of the Buck circuit module under disturbance;
referring to fig. 4, preferably, as can be seen from the p- α differential curve of the photovoltaic system, the p- α of the photovoltaic system satisfies the following relationship:
Figure RE-GDA0003534615940000081
determining whether the absolute value of the output power variation is smaller than a threshold,
and if so, acquiring the duty ratio of the power module.
Preferably, the step of determining whether the absolute value of the output power variation is smaller than a threshold value further includes:
if not, judging whether the output power variation is larger than 0;
if the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is larger than 0, judging whether the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is smaller than 0;
and if the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is smaller than 0, judging whether the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is larger than 0.
Preferably, the step of determining whether or not the duty ratio change amount Δ α is smaller than 0 includes:
if the duty ratio variation Δ α is smaller than 0, making the duty ratio α equal to the duty ratio α - Δ D, and executing the step of obtaining the output power of the power module and the duty ratio α;
and if the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is larger than 0, making the duty ratio alpha equal to the duty ratio alpha plus delta D, and executing the step of acquiring the output power and the duty ratio alpha of the power supply module.
Preferably, the step of determining whether or not the duty ratio change amount Δ α is larger than 0 includes:
if the duty ratio variation Δ α is greater than 0, making the duty ratio α equal to the duty ratio α - Δ D, and executing the step of acquiring the output power of the power supply module and the duty ratio α;
and if the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is smaller than 0, making the duty ratio alpha equal to the duty ratio alpha plus delta D, and executing the step of acquiring the output power and the duty ratio alpha of the power supply module.
Preferably, the duty cycle iteration step Δ D is obtained by using the following formula:
Figure RE-GDA0003534615940000091
k is the proportionality coefficient.
Example two:
the embodiment of the invention also provides an MPPT control algorithm transient real-time simulation device based on the FPGA, which comprises:
a topology construction module: the system comprises a simulation topology used for constructing a photovoltaic array, wherein the simulation topology of the photovoltaic array comprises a power supply module, a Buck circuit module and a load;
a duty cycle adjustment module: and the duty ratio of the Buck circuit module is adjusted so that the equivalent total resistance of the Buck circuit module and the load is matched with the internal resistance r of the photovoltaic cell panel of the power supply module.
Example three:
with reference to fig. 2 and fig. 3, in the embodiment provided by the present invention, an initial value of duty ratio is first given to be 0.5 (the counter value is 200), then a perturbation in a positive direction is given, a functional verification is performed on the overall design module on a modelsim software platform, and u1 and i1 are u collectedpvAnd ipvThe data2t is the power output by the photovoltaic panel at the current moment, the data1t is the power output at the last moment, d3 is | data2t-data1t |,
Figure RE-GDA0003534615940000101
the duty ratio ddt is α × 400, the duty ratio difference quotient Δ D is D3/D4, and considering that the base number is 400 is large, the calculation accuracy and speed are both considered, and here, the step Δ D calculation is an approximate integer.
When the rising edge of the 2 nd pulse arrives, the data2 is calculated to be 56 > data1 > 22, the duty ratio change amount is 214 ═ 201 > 13, and the system judges that the positive direction disturbance occurs at the moment, and the duty ratio is increased to be 216. At the time when the rising edge of the 3 rd pulse arrives, data2 is calculated to be 39 < data1 to be 56, the duty ratio variation is delta D to be 216 and the duty ratio variation is 214 to be 2 to be more than 0, and at this time, the system judges that the system is the negative direction disturbance, and the duty ratio is reduced to 208. It can be seen that the system can track in real time better, reacting sensitively to the current situation.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention designs the self-adaptive variable-step MPPT algorithm by using verilog language, and finishes the digital realization of the control system on a quartz ii 13.1 software platform. The FPGA control chip adopted by the design is Ep3c80u484c8 of cycle III series, and is manufactured by adopting a 65nm low power consumption (LP) process technology, so that the low power consumption is realized at the price equivalent to that of an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit), and the data processing capability of the FPGA control chip is greatly enhanced.
The frequency of the FPGA crystal oscillator selected at this time is 20MHz, so that an mppt control system is designed to sample once every 50ns, and then the duty ratio output value is comprehensively judged and updated. The PWM signal generation module is realized by comparing the duty ratio signal with the sawtooth wave signal, and when the output duty ratio of the MPPT control module is changed, the pulse width of the output PWM signal is changed along with the change of the comparator. The buck circuit switch designed this time is 50kHz, the period is 1000ns, and the counter only needs to complete 400 times of accumulation, and the sawtooth wave can be generated. Since the duty ratio varies from 0 to 1 and the sawtooth wave varies from 1 to 400, the scale factor k in equation (6) is designed to be 1/400 in order to enable comparison to determine the output pulse width.
The MPPT control algorithm model based on the FPGA is divided into 3 modules which are a data acquisition module, an MPPT control module and a PWM generation module. The MPPT control system specifically works as follows: firstly, sampling the output voltage and current parameters of the solar cell panel, and then sending the parameters into a multiplier module for calculation, thereby obtaining the output power of the photovoltaic cell at the current moment. Secondly, the MPPT control module judges and correspondingly adjusts the working state of the photovoltaic system according to the output power parameter at the current moment, the duty ratio and the power parameter at the previous moment stored in the register and the like, outputs the duty ratio adjustment amount and the adjustment direction to obtain the duty ratio at the next moment, and finally sends the duty ratio parameter at the next moment to the PWM signal generation module to finally complete the output of the FPGA control signal.
In the design of the whole tracking control system, the whole design target is clearly divided, and each module can accurately complete the task of the module. The integrated circuit board and the integrated circuit board can be perfectly matched, and time sequence disorder and misjudgment caused by different work do not occur. The simulation curve clearly presents the change condition and the change result of each signal, and is greatly helpful for improving the design function. As can be seen from the simulation waveform and the simulation curve, the maximum power point can be accurately and quickly tracked by using the FPGA as a platform and adopting a self-adaptive variable step length algorithm. In the practical use of photovoltaic panels in future, a good theoretical basis is provided for the more efficient utilization of the photovoltaic panels. According to the simulation curve, the system can operate normally without misjudgment, and after the maximum power is found, the PWM signal is stably output, so that a simulation theoretical basis is provided for the actual work of the photovoltaic cell panel.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, the relative steps, numerical expressions, and values of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, which are used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutes for some technical features within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included therein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. An MPPT control algorithm transient real-time simulation method based on an FPGA is characterized by comprising the following steps:
constructing a simulation topology of a photovoltaic array, wherein the simulation topology of the photovoltaic array comprises a power module, a Buck circuit module and a load;
and adjusting the duty ratio of the Buck circuit module to enable the Buck circuit module and the equivalent total resistance of the load to be matched with the internal resistance r of the photovoltaic cell panel of the power module.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of constructing a simulated topology of the photovoltaic array comprises:
preferably, the step of constructing a simulation topology of the photovoltaic array includes:
the following formula is adopted to construct the simulation topology of the photovoltaic array:
Figure FDA0003359184410000011
ILGthe current of the constant current source in the photovoltaic cell is related to the illumination of the photovoltaic cell, the cell area and the like;
Io-a current through the diode;
IL-photovoltaic cell output current;
UL-photovoltaic cell output voltage;
Rs-photovoltaic cell equivalent series resistance;
RP-equivalent parallel resistance of the photovoltaic cell;
n is a constant factor;
k-boltzmann constant;
t-temperature of the photovoltaic cell;
q-electronic charge.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of adjusting the duty cycle of the Buck circuit module to match the equivalent total resistance of the Buck circuit module and the load to the internal resistance r of the photovoltaic panel of the power module comprises:
and acquiring the maximum output power of the power module and acquiring the duty ratio of the Buck circuit module under the maximum output power by adopting the maximum power tracking principle of a photovoltaic cell panel.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the maximum output power of the power module is obtained by adopting a photovoltaic panel maximum power tracking principle and the duty ratio of the Buck circuit module at the maximum output power is obtained:
acquiring the output power and the duty ratio alpha of the power supply module;
giving disturbance to the simulation topology of the photovoltaic array, and acquiring the output power of a power module under the disturbance and the duty ratio of a Buck circuit module under the disturbance;
acquiring output power variation quantity delta P, duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha and duty ratio iteration step length delta D based on the output power and the duty ratio of the power module, the output power of the power module under disturbance and the duty ratio of the Buck circuit module under disturbance;
determining whether the absolute value of the output power variation is smaller than a threshold,
and if so, acquiring the duty ratio of the power module.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step of determining whether the absolute value of the output power variation is less than a threshold value further comprises:
if not, judging whether the output power variation is larger than 0;
if the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is larger than 0, judging whether the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is smaller than 0;
and if the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is smaller than 0, judging whether the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is larger than 0.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the step of determining whether the duty cycle variation Δ α is smaller than 0 comprises:
if the duty ratio variation Δ α is smaller than 0, making the duty ratio α equal to the duty ratio α - Δ D, and executing the step of obtaining the output power of the power module and the duty ratio α;
and if the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is larger than 0, making the duty ratio alpha equal to the duty ratio alpha plus delta D, and executing the step of acquiring the output power and the duty ratio alpha of the power supply module.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the step of determining whether the duty cycle variation Δ α is greater than 0 comprises:
if the duty ratio variation Δ α is greater than 0, making the duty ratio α equal to the duty ratio α - Δ D, and executing the step of acquiring the output power of the power supply module and the duty ratio α;
and if the duty ratio variation quantity delta alpha is smaller than 0, making the duty ratio alpha equal to the duty ratio alpha plus delta D, and executing the step of acquiring the output power and the duty ratio alpha of the power supply module.
8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the duty cycle iteration step Δ D is obtained using the following formula:
Figure FDA0003359184410000031
k is the proportionality coefficient.
9. The utility model provides a MPPT control algorithm transient state real-time simulation device based on FPGA which characterized in that includes:
a topology construction module: the system comprises a simulation topology used for constructing a photovoltaic array, wherein the simulation topology of the photovoltaic array comprises a power supply module, a Buck circuit module and a load;
a duty cycle adjustment module: and the duty ratio of the Buck circuit module is adjusted so that the equivalent total resistance of the Buck circuit module and the load is matched with the internal resistance r of the photovoltaic cell panel of the power supply module.
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